Abstract Introduction: Biodiversity is being lost at an accelerating rate because of global change. Tools such as species distribution models (SDMs) have been widely used to improve knowledge about species’ conservation status and help develop management strategies to mitigate biodiversity loss. SDMs are especially important for species with restricted distributions, such as endemic species. Objective: To determine how potential distribution predicted by SDMs for eight threatened bat species differed from the distribution maps reported by the IUCN. Also, to infer the area of distribution and state of endemism of each specie, and to evaluate the importance of the Tumbesian region for their conservation. Methods: Based on presence records across the species’ entire ranges, we used SDMs to assess the conservation status of these eight species in the Tumbesian region of Ecuador and Peru. Results: The areas estimated by SDMs were 35-78 % smaller for four species (Eptesicus innoxius, Lophostoma occidentale, Platalina genovensium and Lonchophylla hesperia) and 26-1 600 % larger for three species (Amorphochilus schnablii, Promops davisoni and Rhogeessa velilla) than those reported by the IUCN. For Tomopeas ravus, the area estimated by the SDM and IUCN was similar but differed in spatial distribution. SDMs coincided with areas of endemism reported by previous authors for E. innoxius, R. velilla, and T. ravus, but were different for A. schnablii, P. genovensium, P. davisoni, and L. hesperia, due in part to projected distributions for these latter species in dry inter-Andean valleys according to the SDMs. Conclusions: The Tumbesian region represents a significant portion (40-96 %) of the predicted distribution of seven of the eight species studied, underscoring the importance of this region for bat conservation. Our results show likely distributions for these species and provide an important basis for identifying research gaps and developing conservation measures for threatened bats in the Tumbes biodiversity hotspot.

Resumen Introducción: La biodiversidad se está perdiendo a un ritmo acelerado como resultado del cambio global. Herramientas como los modelos de distribución de especies (MDEs) han sido ampliamente usados para mejorar el conocimiento sobre el estado de conservación de las especies y ayudar a desarrollar estrategias de gestión para mitigar la pérdida de biodiversidad. Objetivo: Determinar cómo la distribución potencial predicha por los MDEs para ocho especies de murciélagos amenazados difiere de los mapas de distribución reportados por la UICN. También, inferir el área de distribución y estado de endemismo de cada especie, y evaluar la importancia de la región tumbesina para su conservación. Métodos: Basados en registros de presencia del rango global de las especies, usamos MDEs para evaluar el estado de conservación de estas ocho especies en la región tumbesina de Ecuador y Perú. Resultados: Las áreas estimadas por los MDEs eran 35-78 % más pequeñas para cuatro especies (Eptesicus innoxius, Lophostoma occidentale, Platalina genovensium y Lonchophylla hesperia) y 26-1 600 % más grandes para tres especies (Amorphochilus schnablii, Promops davisoni y Rhogeessa velilla) que aquellas reportadas por la UICN. Para Tomopeas ravus, el área estimada por el MDE y la UICN fue similar, pero difirió en la distribución espacial. Los MDEs coincidieron con áreas de endemismo informadas por autores previos para E. innoxius, R. velilla y T. ravus, pero fueron diferentes para A. schnablii, P. genovensium, P. davisoni y L. hesperia, debido en parte a las distribuciones proyectadas para estas últimas especies en valles secos interandinos según los MDEs. Conclusiones: La región tumbesina representa una porción significativa (40-96 %) de la distribución predicha de siete de las ocho especies estudiadas, subrayando la importancia de esta región para la conservación de murciélagos. Nuestros resultados muestran las probables distribuciones para estas especies y proporcionan una base importante para identificar vacíos de investigación y desarrollar medidas de conservación para murciélagos amenazados en el punto caliente de biodiversidad de Tumbes.

Resumen El Valle de Comayagua en Honduras, ubicado en las coordenadas 14˚38’44.73” N y 87˚38’04.90” O, destaca por su altitud de 630 metros sobre el nivel del mar y su extensión de 52 km de largo por 15 km de ancho, abarcando 535 km². Carece de estudios que aborden su unidad territorial y geomorfológica. La investigación busca identificar y analizar la forma y elementos físicos naturales mediante el uso de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, trazando ríos, elaborando modelos de elevación digital y creando perfiles topográficos. Los resultados revelan elementos clave para comprender la ocupación y uso del territorio.

Resumo O Vale de Comayagua em Honduras, localizado nas coordenadas 14˚38’44.73” N e 87˚38’04.90” O, destaca-se por sua altitude de 630 metros acima do nível do mar e sua extensão de 52 km de comprimento por 15 km de largura, abrangendo 535 km². Carece de estudos que abordem sua unidade territorial e geomorfológica. A pesquisa busca identificar e analisar a forma e os elementos físicos naturais por meio do uso de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, traçando rios, elaborando modelos de elevação digital e criando perfis topográficos. Os resultados revelam elementos-chave para compreender a ocupação e o uso do território.

Abstract The Comayagua Valley in Honduras, located at coordinates 14˚38’44.73” N and 87˚38’04.90” W, stands out for its altitude of 630 meters above sea level and its dimensions of 52 km in length by 15 km in width, covering an area of 535 km². Despite its economic and connectivity importance, there is a lack of studies addressing its territorial and geomorphological unity and a characterization of its current territorial morphology. The objective of the research is to identify and analyze the shape and natural physical elements that define the Comayagua Valley. To achieve this, Geographic Information Systems tools were used to analyze river layouts, create a digital elevation model, and generate topographic profiles. The main results of this analysis reveal the natural physical elements that shape the valley, which are of vital geo-historical importance for understanding the processes of occupation and land use in the valley.

Abstract From the idea of the domestic space as an apprehending space, the article aims to reflect on the forms of violence that, in the novel Tomar tu mano (2021), by Claudia Hernández, the represented female subjects experience. The domestic space, in the case of this literary text, seems to be formed as an extension of the scope of war and its logic of domination, which, consequently, affects the female protagonists in their own bodies, often controlled by the designs of the male subjects with whom they relate and with whom they form families. Thus, the domestic space exposed in the text will be analyzed and understood as a regime that oppresses women to the point of condemning them to a subordinate life. Finally, the domestic space is, in Hernández’s work, a kind of “social verdict”, covered by emotions such as love or happiness, which function as a patriarchal trap.

Resumen A partir de la idea del espacio doméstico como un espacio aprehensor, el artículo pretende reflexionar sobre las formas de violencia que, en la novela Tomar tu mano (2021), de Claudia Hernández, experimentan los sujetos femeninos representados. El espacio doméstico, en el caso de este texto literario, parece conformarse como una extensión del ámbito de la guerra y de su lógica de dominación, la cual, consecuentemente, afecta a las mujeres protagonistas en sus propios cuerpos, muchas veces controlados por los designios de los sujetos masculinos con los que se relacionan y con los que constituyen familias. Así, se analizará el espacio doméstico expuesto en el texto y se entenderá como un régimen que oprime y somete a las mujeres hasta el punto de condenarlas a una vida subordinada. Finalmente, el espacio doméstico es, en el trabajo de Hernández, una suerte de “veredicto social”, encubierto por emociones como el amor o la felicidad, las cuales funcionan como una trampa patriarcal.

RACIONAL: Identificação de fatores de risco epidemiológicos no esôfago de Barrett resultando em displasia e adenocarcinoma e seu impacto na prevenção e detecção precoce. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar fatores de risco epidemiológicos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de displasia e adenocarcinoma a partir do Barrett em população específica. Realizar análise crítica do período de vigilância, objetivando individualizar o tempo de seguimento conforme riscos identificados. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle retrospectivo em centro terciário com pacientes com esôfago de Barrett diagnosticados e seguidos neste centro. Pacientes com Barrett que apresentaram adenocarcinoma e/ou displasia foram comparados aos que não apresentaram, levando em consideração as variáveis sexo, idade, tabagismo, IMC, etnia e extensão do Barrett. Posteriormente, foi realizada regressão logística para mensuração da razão de chances entre fatores de risco para o desfecho adenocarcinoma e desfecho displasia. Foi correlacionada a presença de fatores epidemiológicos de risco nessa população com o tempo de desenvolvimento de adenocarcinoma a partir da metaplasia. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as variáveis tabagismo, raça, sexo, extensão do Barrett e idade no grupo com adenocarcinoma em relação ao sem adenocarcinoma; tabagistas e ex-tabagistas apresentaram risco 4,309 vezes maior de desenvolver adenocarcinoma; a extensão do Barrett aumentou o risco em 1,193 vezes a cada centímetro. No grupo com displasia, as variáveis tabagismo, extensão do Barrett e idade se mostraram significantes estatisticamente; extensão do Barrett aumentou 1,128 vezes a cada centímetro o risco de displasia e idade aumentou 1,023 a cada ano o risco desse desfecho. Pacientes sem fatores de risco não desenvolveram adenocarcinoma em menos de 12 meses, mesmo com displasia anteriormente. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo confirmou maior risco de desenvolver displasia e adenocarcinoma em grupos epidemiológicos específicos, podendo direcionar o seguimento em pacientes com Esôfago de Barrett de forma mais custo efetiva.

BACKGROUND: Identification of epidemiological risk factors in Barrett's esophagus resulting in dysplasia and adenocarcinoma and its impact on prevention and early detection. AIMS: To evaluate epidemiological risk factors involved in the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma from Barrett's esophagus in a specific population. To critically analyze the surveillance period, aiming to individualize follow-up time according to identified risks. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study in a tertiary center with patients diagnosed and followed up for Barrett's esophagus. Patients with Barrett's esophagus who developed adenocarcinoma and/or dysplasia were compared to those who did not, considering variables such as sex, age, smoking status, Body mass index, ethnicity, and Barrett's extension. Logistic regression was performed to measure the odds ratio between risk factors for the outcome of adenocarcinoma and of dysplasia. The presence of epidemiological risk factors in this population was correlated with the time to develop adenocarcinoma from metaplasia. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the variables smoking status, race, sex, Barrett's esophagus extension, and age in the group with adenocarcinoma compared to the group without adenocarcinoma; smokers and former smokers had a 4.309 times higher risk of developing adenocarcinoma; the extension of Barrett's esophagus increased the risk by 1.193 times for each centimeter. In dysplasia group, the variables smoking status, Barrett's extension, and age were statistically significant; the extension of Barrett's esophagus increased the risk of dysplasia by 1.128 times for each centimeter, and age increased the risk by 1.023 times for each year. Patients without risk factors did not develop adenocarcinoma within 12 months, even with prior dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed a higher risk of developing dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in specific epidemiological groups, allowing for more cost-effective monitorization in patients with Barrett's esophagus.

Abstract Objectives: Identify potential barriers, delays, and missed opportunities in the prevention and diagnosis of childhood TB. Methods: Scoping review according to the PRISMA extension. The definitions considered for the selection followed the acronym PCC where the population (P) is children under 18years of age with TB disease, the concept (C) refers to missed opportunities for prevention and diagnosis, and context (C) is defined as a diagnosis of TB disease. The authors searched systematically in the databases; VHL/Lilacs, Medline via PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, without date or language limitation. Results: Seven studies were included. In developed countries, with low disease burden, the main shortcoming is the delay in diagnosing bacilliferous adults in contact with young children. This problem is concentrated in the portion of the population with socioeconomic vulnerability. In underdeveloped countries, with a high burden of disease, the biggest challenge is tracking children who come into contact with bacilliferous patients. Conclusions: There are still many missed opportunities in the prevention and diagnosis of childhood TB. The positive legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic should be taken advantage of and the encouragement of scientific development in the management of infectious diseases should be taken. Objectives barriers delays Methods extension P (P years C (C databases VHLLilacs VHL Lilacs VHL/Lilacs PubMed Cochrane Scopus Science limitation Results included countries vulnerability patients Conclusions COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 COVID1 1 COVID-

Resumen Introducción: Las epifisiólisis de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia en adolescentes representan el 1% de las lesiones fisarias y el 3% de las fracturas de la tibia proximal, y pueden comprometer la fisis; por lo tanto, ameritan un diagnóstico y un tratamiento correctos para evitar complicaciones. El objetivo de este artículo es comunicar un caso clínico, compararlo con casos similares publicados, analizar las diferencias y, sobre la base de la experiencia, llegar a una conclusión para su resolución. Presentamos a un varón de 13 años que consultó tras sufrir un traumatismo directo en la rodilla derecha, durante la carrera en la práctica deportiva, un mes atrás. La radiografía mostró epifisiólisis por avulsión de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia (Ogden IIIA y Jones III), por lo que fue sometido a reducción abierta y fijación. Como la recuperación y el retorno a la actividad habitual fueron rápidos, se tomaron un par radiográfico para el diagnóstico y una tomografía para la planificación quirúrgica. Conclusión: Si bien no hay un consenso sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento por la baja cantidad de casos publicados, es conveniente sospechar este cuadro en pacientes jóvenes que sufren un traumatismo en la rodilla que limita la extensión.

Abstract Epiphysiolysis of the anterior tibial tubercle in adolescents accounts for 1% of physeal injuries and 3% of proximal tibial fractures, and it may involve the physis; therefore, they require a proper diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications. Objective: To report a clinical case, compare it with similar published cases, examine the differences, and, based on our experience, arrive at a resolution. We present a13-year-old male who consulted after suffering direct trauma to his right knee while running in sports practice one month earlier. Radiography revealed epiphysiolysis due to avulsion of the anterior tibial tubercle (Odgen IIIA and Jones III), thus the patient underwent open reduction and internal fixation with two partially-threaded cannulated screws and washers. A plaster cast was placed and removed after six weeks to begin rehabilitation. Because healing and return to regular activity were quick, AP and lateral radiographs were obtained for diagnosis and a CT scan for surgery planning. Then, open reduction and internal fixation with two cannulated screws surrounding the physis was performed, although the patellar tendon was explored first since it had a higher risk of invagination within the fracture line. Conclusion: Although there is no consensus on diagnosis and treatment due to the small number of reported cases of this injury, which is increasing due to the growing popularity of sports among young people, it is advisable to suspect it in young patients who sustain knee injuries with extension limitation.

Abstract (Introduction) The mountainous region of the Central Pacific of Costa Rica, currently made up mostly of the cantons of Turrubares, Puriscal and Mora, and to a lesser extent by the southwest of Acosta, was one of the most deforested areas since colonial times. (Objective) To comprehensively analyze the historical, socioeconomic, geo-climatic and ecological factors that possibly favored the logging exploitation of the forests of that region. (Methodology) The historical documents, and the geo-climatic, ecological and socioeconomic factors of the region were reviewed. In addition, a census was carried out among forestry professionals and industrialists to determine the timber species possibly extracted from the forests based on the floristic composition of protected forest areas in the region. (Results) The mountainous region was a transit and settlement site for Spanish colonists since the 16th century, which facilitated the development of access roads. Its proximity to the Central Valley, which needed forest and agricultural products for the growing urban area, together with the existence of an ecological convergence zone extraordinarily rich in trees of commercial importance, greatly facilitated the extraction of forest products. (Conclusion) The early colonization of the region, the existence of infrastructure, high demand for forest products at the national and international level, and the availability of forest resources in an area where the tropical dry forest, the cloud forest and the humid forest converge, and the edaphoclimatic conditions that also facilitated the development of agricultural crops, favored the change in land use and therefore the forestry exploitation of the region.

Resumen: (Introducción) La región montañosa del Pacífico Central de Costa Rica, actualmente conformada, en su mayoría, por los cantones de Turrubares, Puriscal y Mora, y, en menor extensión, por el suroeste de Acosta, fue una de las zonas más deforestada desde tiempos coloniales. (Objetivo) Analizar integralmente los factores históricos, socioeconómicos, geoclimáticos y ecológicos que posiblemente favorecieron la explotación maderera de los bosques de esa región. (Metodología) Se revisaron los documentos históricos, y los factores geoclimáticos, ecológicos y socioeconómicos de la región. Además, se realizó un censo entre profesionales e industriales de la madera para determinar las especies maderables eventualmente extraídas de los bosques, basado en composición florística de zonas de bosque protegidas de la región. (Resultados) La región montañosa fue sitio de paso y asentamiento de los colonos españoles desde el siglo XVI, lo que facilitó el desarrollo de caminos de acceso. Su cercanía al Valle Central, que necesitó productos forestales y agrícolas para la creciente zona urbana, unido a la existencia de una zona de convergencia ecológica extraordinariamente rica en árboles de importancia comercial, facilitó, en mucho, la extracción de productos forestales. (Conclusión) La colonización temprana de la región, la existencia de infraestructura, alta demanda de productos forestales en el ámbito nacional e internacional, y la disponibilidad de recursos forestales en una zona donde convergen el bosque seco tropical, el bosque nuboso y el bosque húmedo tropical, y las condiciones edafoclimáticas que facilitaron también el desarrollo de cultivos agrícolas, favorecieron posiblemente el cambio de uso del suelo y, por ende, la explotación forestal de la región.

Abstract Introduction : Although therapeutic advances have improved results of cutaneous melanoma (CM), senti nel node-positive patients still have substantial risk to develop recurrent disease. We aim to investigate prog nostic indicators associated with disease recurrence in positive-sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) patients in a Latin-American population. Methods : Retrospective analysis of CM patients and positive-SLNB (2010-2020). Patients were divided into two groups: Group A (completion lymph node dissection, CLND), Group B (active surveillance, AS). Association of demographics, tumor data and SLN features with recurrence-free (RFS), distant metastases-free (DMFS) and melanoma specific (MSS) survival was analyzed. Results : Of 205 patients, 45 had a positive SLNB; 27(60%) belonged to Group A and 18(40%) to Group B. With a median follow-up of 36 months, 16 patients (12 in Group A and 4 in Group B) developed recurrent dis ease and estimated 5-yr RFS at any site was 60% (CI95%, 0.39 - 0.77) (44.5% in CLND group vs. 22% in AS group; P = 0.20). Estimated 5-yr DMFS and MSS: 65% (CI 95%, 0.44 - 0.81) and 73% (CI 95%, 0.59 - 0.89) with no differ ences between groups (p = 0.41 and 0.37, respectively). Independent predictors of poorer MSS were extranodal extension (ENE) and MaxSize > 2 mm of melanoma deposit in SLN. Factors independently associated with DMFS: Breslow depth > 2 mm, ENE, number (≥ 2) of posi tive SN and CLND status. Conclusion : Primary tumor and SN features in mela noma provide important prognostic information that help optimize prognosis and clinical management. AS is now the preferred approach for most positive-SLNB CM patients.

Resumen Introducción : Si bien los avances terapéuticos han permitido mejorar los resultados del melanoma cutáneo (MC), los pacientes con ganglio centinela positivo (BGCP) aún tienen riesgo elevado de desarrollar recurrencia de la enfermedad. Nuestro objetivo fue investigar in dicadores pronósticos asociados a dicho evento en una población latinoamericana. Métodos : Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con MC y BGCP entre 2010-2020. Los pacientes se dividieron en 2 grupos: Grupo A (linfadenectomía terapéutica) y Grupo B (Vigilancia activa, VA). Se analizaron datos demográficos, tumorales y características del GC junto con sobrevida-libre de recurrencia (SLR), libre de metástasis a distancia (SLMD) y específica de melanoma (SEM). Resultados : De 205 pacientes, 45 presentaron BGCP; 27 (60%) perteneció al Grupo A y 18 (40%) al Grupo B. Con una mediana de seguimiento de 36 meses, 16 pa cientes (12 en Grupo A y 4 en Grupo B) desarrollaron enfermedad recurrente con una SLR a 5 años de 60% (IC95%: 0.39-0.77) (44.5% en Grupo B vs. 22% en Grupo A; P = 0.20). Las SLMD y SEM estimadas a 5 años fueron de 65% (CI 95%, 0.44 - 0.81) y 73% (CI 95%, 0.59 - 0.89) sin diferencias entre ambos grupos (p = 0.41 y 0.37, respec tivamente). Los predictores independientes de peor SEM fueron: extensión extranodal (ENE) y MaxSize > 2mm de depósito tumoral en GC. Los factores asociados de forma independiente con SLMD fueron Breslow >2mm, ENE, número (≥ 2) de GC positivos y el status (positividad) de la linfadenectomía. Conclusión : Características del tumor primario y del GC brindan información importante que ayuda a optimi zar el pronóstico y manejo clínico de los pacientes con MC. La VA es actualmente el abordaje de elección para la mayoría de los pacientes con BGCP.

ABSTRACT Background: Liver surgery has evolved over time. There are no prior publications on the experience of liver surgery in the province of Corrientes. Our work group operates in both the public and private sectors. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the initial results of a consecutive series of patients undergoing different types of liver resections, performed by the same surgical team. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, and descriptive study based on data from the medical records and operating room records of patients undergoing liver resection at public and private institutions from September 2019 to January 2023. Results: A total of 27 patients were operated on; mean age was 53 years (25-72) and 16 were women. We used the conventional approach in 25 cases and laparoscopy in 2. Four procedures were major liver resections and 23 were minor liver resections, The diagnoses were cancer in 22 cases and benign conditions in 5. Survival at 90 days was 96.2% One patient died (3.7%). The complications included postoperative liver abscesses in 2 patients (7.4%) and re-operation due to bleeding in 2 patients (7.4%), who had a subsequent favorable course and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: The morbidity and mortality in the described series were similar to those reported by other authors.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: la cirugía hepática ha evolucionado con el correr del tiempo. No existe bibliografía publicada sobre experiencia previa de hepatectomía en Corrientes. Nuestro grupo de trabajo se desenvuelve en el ámbito público y privado. Objetivo: describir los resultados iniciales de una serie consecutiva de pacientes con hepatectomías de distinta extensión, por el mismo equipo quirúrgico. Material y métodos: trabajo retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo, sobre datos de las historias clínicas y libros de quirófano de pacientes con hepatectomías realizadas entre septiembre de 2019 y enero de 2023, en la práctica pública y privada. Resultados: fueron intervenidos 27 pacientes, con media de edad 53 años (25-72); 16 eran mujeres. El abordaje fue convencional en 25 casos y laparoscópico en 2. Se realizaron 4 hepatectomías mayores y 23 menores. Los diagnósticos fueron de patología maligna en 22 oportunidades y benigna en 5. La sobrevida a los 90 días fue de 96,2%. La mortalidad fue de 1 paciente (3,7%). Con respecto a las complicaciones, 2 pacientes (7,4%) presentaron abscesos hepáticos en el posoperatorio, 2 pacientes (7,4%) requirieron reintervención quirúrgica por sangrado, con buena evolución posterior y alta hospitalaria. Conclusión: la morbimortalidad en la serie descripta estuvo en relación con lo comunicado por otros autores.

Abstract I am interested in showing the role that the water carriers played in the functioning of the city of Oaxaca, their organization, their work and sociability spaces, as well as the control and regulation mechanisms that the government apparatus deployed over them. We can track their presence in the urban space from the consultation of primary sources, documents that lie in the Municipal Historical Archive of the City of Oaxaca and the General Archive of the State of Oaxaca, primarily; as well as the reading of secondary sources, preparing for this purpose a thematic cartography. However, their vital function in the cities and their presence in historical files has been scarcely addressed in Oaxacan historiography. Long before the modern network system was implemented in the city, the water carrier performed this task until well into the 20th century, which shows that, if the capital’s society demanded their service, the modernization of the water supply and distribution service was still out of reach; at the same time, it reveals that as long as the city maintained a considerable extension and number of inhabitants, the water carrier was able to render their valuable service.

Resumen Me interesa mostrar el papel que desempeñó el aguador en el funcionamiento de la ciudad de Oaxaca, su organización, sus espacios de trabajo y de sociabilidad, así como los mecanismos de control y regulación que el aparato gubernamental desplegó sobre ellos. Podemos rastrear su presencia en el espacio urbano a partir de la consulta de fuentes primarias, documentos que yacen en el Archivo Histórico Municipal de la Ciudad de Oaxaca y el Archivo General del Estado de Oaxaca, primordialmente; al igual que en la lectura de fuentes secundarias, elaborando para este propósito una cartografía temática. No obstante su vital función en las ciudades y su presencia en los legajos históricos, estos trabajadores han sido escasamente abordados en la historiografía oaxaqueña. Mucho tiempo antes de que el moderno sistema en red se implementara en la ciudad, el aguador cumplió esa labor hasta bien entrado el siglo XX, lo que demuestra que, si la sociedad capitalina demandaba su servicio, la modernización del servicio de abasto y distribución del agua era aún lejana; al mismo tiempo revela que mientras la ciudad mantuvo una extensión y un número de habitantes considerable, pudo brindar su valioso servicio.

RESUMEN El trabajo expone los resultados del proyecto de extensión universitaria que se titula “Tecno-Historia MDQ II. El Museíto informático de la EESTN3” e impulsa la construcción de un pequeño museo histórico-educativo de la informática nacional con artefactos que -puestos en valor a modo de dispositivo pedagógico- se orientan a las audiencias escolares y al público en general. En dicho proyecto se afrontaron, al menos, tres conjuntos de problemas: las discusiones y acciones respecto de la activación patrimonial de artefactos informáticos; la vinculación entre el debate académico sobre las historias de la informática nacional, su enseñanza y comunicación pública; y, finalmente, el cruce entre la historia, la memoria y los procesos de patrimonialización en el marco de la democratización del conocimiento sobre la informática.

ABSTRACT The paper presents the results of an extension university project entitled “Tecno-History MDQ II. The Museíto informático de la EESTN3” promotes the construction of a small historical-educational museum of national informatics with artefacts that are oriented to school audiences and the general public. These artefacts are considering as a pedagogical device, with the aim to recover his value. In this extension project, at least three sets of problems were addressed: the discussions and actions regarding the heritage activation of computer artefacts; the link between the academic debate on the history of national computing, its teaching and public communication; and, finally, the intersection between history, memory and heritage processes in the framework of the democratisation of knowledge about computing.

RESUMO O trabalho apresenta os resultados do projeto de extensão universitária intitulado “Tecno-História MDQ II. O Museu da Informática EESTN3” e promove a construção de um pequeno museu histórico-educativo da informático nacional com artefatos que - valorizados como dispositivo pedagógico - se destinam ao público escolar e ao público em geral. Neste projeto foram enfrentados pelo menos três conjuntos de problemas: as discussões e ações relativas à ativação patrimonial de artefatos informáticos; a ligação entre o debate acadêmico sobre as histórias da informática nacional, seu ensino e comunicação pública; e, por fim, a intersecção entre história, memória e processos patrimoniais no quadro da democratização do conhecimento sobre a informática.

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is: first, to show that the relationship between Latin America and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a faithful reflection of a class struggle on a world scale, where the correlation of internal and external forces has been articulated over the years in favor of capital; second, to analyze the concrete possibilities that the region will face in the future if it intends to reverse this unfavorable history. The paper argues that the IMF has played a key role in the reconfiguration and extension of the dominance of international finance capital over the productive resources of Latin America by favoring the consolidation of a local capitalist class subordinated to the designs and power of transnational capital.

RESUMEN Los objetivos del presente trabajo son, por un lado, mostrar que la relación entre América Latina y el Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) es el fiel reflejo de una lucha de clases a escala mundial, donde la correlación de fuerzas internas y externas se ha articulado a lo largo de los años en favor del capital; por el otro, reflexionar sobre las posibilidades concretas que se presentan en la región ante el futuro si ésta pretende revertir esta nefasta historia. El artículo sostiene que el FMI ha cumplido un papel clave en la reconfiguración y la extensión del dominio del capital financiero internacional sobre los recursos productivos de América Latina, a partir de favorecer la consolidación de una clase capitalista local subordinada a los designios y el poder del capital trasnacional.

Abstract The main objective of this research was to determine the presence of collaborative learning on Facebook in the Ethics Workshop course at the Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Los Cabos (ITES Los Cabos), Cabo San Lucas extension. The methodological design was a qualitative case study design to data collection data through participant observation and interviews. The results were collected and analyzed under the following dimensions: social, participatory, interactive, cognitive, and metacognitive. A didactic model had to be designed for the following elements curriculum, syllabus, students, Web 2.0 tools, Facebook, Facebook group, and facilitator as mediator converged, Henri´s model, which allowed to identify the existence of collaborative learning. The analysis of each activity showed the presence of social and participatory dimensions since students participated in all learning activities; interactive by interacting with each other; cognitive and metacognitive by giving their opinion and reflecting on different topics according to their experience during the course through the social network it was possible to promote collaboration. Based on the analysis, the conclusion was that collaborative learning was favored if used with previously mentioned tools.

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar a presença de aprendizagem colaborativa ao usar o Facebook na disciplina Oficina de Ética no Instituto Tecnológico de Estudos Superiores de Los Cabos (ITES Los Cabos), extensão Cabo San Lucas. O desenho metodológico foi estabelecido como um estudo de caso qualitativo. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de observação participante e entrevistas. As participações foram analisadas sob as seguintes dimensões: social, participativa, interativa, cognitiva e metacognitiva. Foi criado um modelo didático no qual convergiram elementos como currículo, plano de estudos, alunos, ferramentas Web 2.0, Facebook, grupo do Facebook, facilitador como mediador e modelo Henri, o que possibilitou identificar a existência de aprendizagem colaborativa. A análise de cada atividade evidenciou a presença das seguintes dimensões: social e participativa, uma vez que os alunos participaram de todas as atividades de aprendizagem; interativos ao interagir uns com os outros; cognitivo e metacognitivo ao opinar e refletir sobre os diferentes temas escolhidos e de acordo com a sua experiência. Concluiu-se que a aprendizagem colaborativa foi favorecida pela utilização das ferramentas já descritas.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la presencia del aprendizaje colaborativo al utilizar Facebook en la asignatura Taller de Ética en el Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Los Cabos (ITES Los Cabos), extensión Cabo San Lucas. El diseño metodológico se estableció de corte cualitativo para estudio de caso. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante la observación participante y entrevista. Las participaciones fueron analizadas bajo las siguientes dimensiones: social, participativa, interactiva, cognitiva y metacognitiva. Se creó un modelo didáctico en el que convergieron elementos tales como currículo, plan de estudios, estudiantes, herramientas de la Web 2.0, Facebook, grupo de Facebook, facilitador como mediador y modelo de Henri, lo que permitió identificar la existencia del aprendizaje colaborativo. El análisis de cada actividad mostró la presencia de las siguientes dimensiones: social y participativa, ya que los estudiantes participaron en todas las actividades de aprendizaje; interactiva al interactuar entre ellos; cognitiva y metacognitiva al opinar y reflexionar sobre los distintos temas elegidos y según su experiencia. Se concluyó que el aprendizaje colaborativo fue favorecido por el uso de las herramientas ya descritas.

Abstract The text is based on a round table held at the Faculty of Education (FE) of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) as one of the activities to commemorate Paulo Freire’s Centenary (2021). It aims to record part of his time at the university, from 1980 to 1991, based on the work conducted with FE and the Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM) through training and extension activities at the Paulínia-SP School Health Center. It also describes and analyses the agendas of the country’s re-democratization process, the clashes over public policies in the National Constituent Assembly, and the process of setting up an integrated and universal system of education and collective public health from a participatory perspective. (FE Unicamp (Unicamp Freires Freire s 2021. 2021 . (2021) university 198 1991 FCM (FCM PaulíniaSP Paulínia SP Center countrys country redemocratization re democratization Assembly perspective 202 (2021 19 199 20 (202 1 2 (20 (2 (

Resumo O texto desenvolve-se a partir de uma mesa redonda realizada na Faculdade de Educação (FE) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), como uma das atividades de comemorações do Centenário de Paulo Freire (2021). Objetiva registrar parte da sua passagem por essa universidade, nos anos de 1980 a 1991, a partir do trabalho realizado com a FE e Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM) por meio de atividades de formação e extensão no Centro de Saúde Escola de Paulínia-SP. Descreve e analisa as pautas do processo de redemocratização do país, os embates em torno das políticas públicas na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte e o processo de constituição de um sistema integrado e universal de educação e saúde pública coletiva a partir de uma perspectiva participativa. desenvolvese desenvolve se (FE Unicamp, Unicamp , (Unicamp) 2021. 2021 . (2021) universidade 198 1991 FCM (FCM PaulíniaSP. PaulíniaSP Paulínia SP. SP Paulínia-SP país participativa (Unicamp 202 (2021 19 199 20 (202 1 2 (20 (2 (

Resumo O texto desenvolve-se a partir de uma mesa redonda realizada na Faculdade de Educação (FE) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), como uma das atividades de comemorações do Centenário de Paulo Freire (2021). Objetiva registrar parte da sua passagem por essa universidade, nos anos de 1980 a 1991, a partir do trabalho realizado com a FE e Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM) por meio de atividades de formação e extensão no Centro de Saúde Escola de Paulínia-SP. Descreve e analisa as pautas do processo de redemocratização do país, os embates em torno das políticas públicas na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte e o processo de constituição de um sistema integrado e universal de educação e saúde pública coletiva a partir de uma perspectiva participativa.

Abstract The text is based on a round table held at the Faculty of Education (FE) of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) as one of the activities to commemorate Paulo Freire’s Centenary (2021). It aims to record part of his time at the university, from 1980 to 1991, based on the work conducted with FE and the Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM) through training and extension activities at the Paulínia-SP School Health Center. It also describes and analyses the agendas of the country’s re-democratization process, the clashes over public policies in the National Constituent Assembly, and the process of setting up an integrated and universal system of education and collective public health from a participatory perspective.