Abstract Phytophthora capsici is an aggressive pathogen in escabeche pepper on the Peruvian coast. Root rot has a strong correlation with humidity and environment. Disease behavior was evaluated epidemiologically using spatiotemporal variables. Severity was evaluated according to the advance of the secondary symptom according to grades 1 to 5. Then, coordinates of each plant were established by photogrammetric survey of a field with 1705 escabeche pepper plants. For temporal analysis, severity was adjusted to an exponential model (R2 = 0.909) and incidence to a Gompertz model (R2 = 0.921) that detected an initial delay of the disease due to temperature. For the spatial analysis, the Global Moran Index (Ii) showed a high spatial dependence of the disease reaching a peak of 0.4 and 0.7 for severity and incidence, respectively. Also, heat maps related to the Local Ii were generated from which an initial source of infestation was determined where the furrow irrigation started in random infestations. Then, the infestation spots were settled in areas of surface water accumulation. Also, rhizosphere samples were collected per plant by degree of severity on V8 or CMA whit PARB and PDA-A selective medium. As a result, significant differences were obtained between grade 1, grade 2, 3, 4 and grade 5. In addition, the effect on yield was significant for plants with grade 4 and 5 with respect to fruit weight (22.3 and 18.5g/fruit) and weight per plant (509.5 and 371.8g/plant), respectively.

Resumen: Cuando las empresas comprenden las variables que impulsan la satisfacción de los clientes, pueden establecer mejores puntos de referencia y perfeccionar sus estrategias. En la actualidad, existe un crecimiento exponencial de las compras de ropa de moda a través de plataformas digitales. Esta investigación evalúa si la orientación a la moda rápida y a la moda lenta, la conciencia ambiental y las experiencias del producto, emocional y con el sitio web inciden sobre la satisfacción con la compra en línea. Además, se analiza la importancia y el rendimiento de las experiencias sobre la satisfacción. Las técnicas estadísticas utilizadas son un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales basados en mínimos cuadrados parciales y una matriz de importancia-desempeño. El diseño de investigación fue cuantitativo, explicativo y transversal, desarrollado en la frontera norte de México y aplicado a 539 compradores de ropa en plataformas web o aplicaciones digitales. Los resultados evidencian que solo la orientación a la moda lenta influye sobre la conciencia ambiental, a diferencia de la orientación a la moda rápida que no tiene efecto en ella, la conciencia ambiental tiene un impacto positivo sobre los tres tipos de experiencia y éstos inciden favorablemente sobre la satisfacción con la compra de ropa en línea. La matriz importancia-desempeño evidenció que la experiencia con el sitio web/app es el factor más relevante para la satisfacción en línea. En conclusión, la satisfacción con la compra en línea depende en gran medida de la experiencia con el sitio web.

Abstract: Companies that understand which variables drive customer satisfaction can establish stronger metrics and refine their strategies. Currently, there is an exponential growth in fashion shopping through digital platforms. Our research assesses if fast fashion and slow fashion orientation, environmental awareness, and product, emotional, and website experiences have an effect on satisfaction with online shopping. Moreover, the importance and performance of experiences on satisfaction is analyzed. Statistical techniques used are a structural equation model based on partial least squares and an importance-performance matrix. The research design was quantitative, explanatory, and cross-sectional, conducted in the northern border of Mexico and applied to 539 clothing shoppers on web platforms or digital applications. The results show that only the slow fashion orientation influences environmental awareness, unlike the fast fashion orientation that does not have an effect on it, environmental awareness has a positive impact on the three types of experience, and they favorably impact satisfaction with the purchase of clothing online. The importance-performance matrix revealed that the website/app experience is the most relevant factor for online satisfaction. In conclusion, satisfaction with online shopping is highly dependent on the website experience.

The Cuban industry La Purísima produces sauces and dressings for the national gastronomy; but it does not have a process for the deposition of chicken eggshells, as a result, 220 kg of eggshells are dumped daily, which generate a negative impact on the environment. The research evaluates the drying of hen eggshells with protein membrane on a laboratory scale, with a view to revalorizing this waste in the production of a calcium-rich poultry feed supplement. The calcium carbonate content of the shell was determined to confirm the potential application of the residue. The drying curve and drying rate curve was obtained by experimental measurement in a drying oven under aeration at 90 °C. The calcium carbonate content of the residue was 93,33 %. The drying curve was fitted to an exponential mathematical model as a function of the drying constant and the moisture in equilibrium at a temperature of 90 °C. The drying regime of the solid presented a period of decreasing drying rate up to a moisture value of 0,021 kg of water / kg of dry solid, for lower values, this presented a deviation from the exponential function in its rate. The utilization of residual eggshells proved to be an attractive source of calcium carbonate with potential for its use in the production of feed supplement for poultry.

RESUMEN En la Industria cubana La Purísima se producen salsas y aderezos para la gastronomía nacional; pero no dispone de un proceso para la deposición de las cáscaras de huevo de gallina, como resultado, se vierten diariamente 220 kg de cáscaras que generan un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente. La investigación evalúa el secado de las cáscaras de huevo de gallina con membrana proteica a escala de laboratorio, con vistas a revalorizar este residuo en la producción de un suplemento alimenticio para aves de corral rico en calcio. Se determinó el contenido de carbonato de calcio en la cáscara para confirmar la aplicación potencial del residuo. La curva de secado y del régimen de secado se obtuvo por medición experimental en un secadero bajo aireación a 90 °C. El contenido de carbonato de calcio en el residual fue de 93,33 %. La curva de secado se ajustó a un modelo matemático exponencial en función de la constante de secado y la humedad en equilibrio a una temperatura de 90 °C. El régimen de secado del sólido presentó un período de velocidad de secado decreciente hasta un valor de humedad de 0,021 kg de agua / kg de sólido seco, para valores inferiores presentó una desviación de la función exponencial en su velocidad. El aprovechamiento de las cáscaras de huevo residuales resultó ser una fuente atractiva de carbonato de calcio con potencialidades para su utilización en la elaboración de suplemento alimenticio para aves de corral.

RESUMEN: Se generó y evaluó un sistema de ecuaciones alométricas para estimar biomasa total y por componentes en reforestaciones de Pinus patula, en la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, México. Se realizó un muestreo dirigido de 18 árboles que representaron el potencial de crecimiento del sitio y mediante el método destructivo se obtuvo el peso fresco in situ, así como muestras de cada componente del árbol para estimar el peso seco. Se relacionó la biomasa total del árbol con su diámetro normal a partir del ajuste de ecuaciones alométricas a través de técnicas de regresión. La ecuación exponencial fue seleccionada para estimar la biomasa total por presentar los mejores indicadores estadísticos. El modelo exponencial fue ajustado nuevamente a cada componente mediante un sistema de ecuaciones simultáneas. Las ecuaciones alométricas obtenidas mostraron un buen rendimiento para estimar la biomasa aérea en componentes y árbol total en reforestaciones de Pinus patula, en diámetros y condiciones ambientales semejantes. La distribución de la biomasa aérea estimada en campo fue en promedio de 69,8 % para fuste, de 20,5 % para ramas y de 9,7 % para follaje.

ABSTRACT: A system of allometric equations was generated and evaluated to estimate the total biomass and its components during the reforestation of Pinus patula in Sierra Norte of Oaxaca State, Mexico. For this purpose, 18 trees were directly sampled, which represented the growth potential of the site. Using this destructive method, the fresh weight in situ, and samples of each component of the tree were obtained to estimate the dry weight. The total tree biomass was related to its normal diameter by adjusting allometric equations using regression techniques. The exponential equation was selected to estimate the total biomass because it presented the best statistical indicators. The exponential model was again fitted to each component by using a system of simultaneous equations. The allometric equations obtained showed good performance in estimating aerial biomass in components and total tree biomass in the reforestation of Pinus patula, with similar diameters and environmental conditions. The distribution of aerial biomass estimated in the field was 69.8 % for stems, 20.5 % for branches, and 9.7 % for foliage.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to analyze the historical behavior of student enrollment in a technological high mid-level school, in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, in order to estimate future demand, to identify the required infrastructure capacity in the institution, in terms of classrooms and teaching staff and calculate the student-teacher and student-classroom ratios and compare them with the international and Mexican average ratios. This is due to the fact that at the beginning of the school cycles, there were situations of lack of capacity to serve the students on time, having to improvise in the adequacy of the facilities and teaching staff. Different methods of quantitative forecasts were reviewed that, according to the historical behavior of the data, the one that most closely adheres to mentioned behavior was used. Data from 15 school periods available since its inauguration were collected. Data treatment begins with normality tests in order to establish the statistic that was used. Once the appropriate forecast model was used, it was validated with 5 periods to check if the calculated forecasts adhered to the real data that was presented from period 16 to 20, likewise, the statistical hypothesis tests were carried out for validation of the models used. Tests were performed with different level and trend smoothing factors, using the one that showed the lowest error per period, which ranged from 0.21% to 8.88%. The ratios student-teacher and student-class found were 36 and 38 respectively.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el comportamiento histórico de la matrícula estudiantil en un bachillerato tecnológico de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, con la finalidad de estimar la demanda futura. El propósito es determinar la capacidad requerida de infraestructura en la institución en lo referente a aulas y personal docente, y calcular las proporciones alumnos-maestro y alumnos-aula para compararlos con las proporciones medias internacionales y de México. Esto se debe a que, en los inicios de los ciclos escolares, se suelen presentar situaciones de falta de capacidad para atender al alumnado en tiempo, por lo que se tuvo que improvisar en la adecuación de las instalaciones y personal docente. Para este estudio, se revisaron diferentes métodos de pronósticos cuantitativos; a partir de esto, y de acuerdo con el comportamiento histórico de los datos, se utilizó el que más se apegaba a dicho comportamiento. En concreto, se colectaron datos de 15 periodos lectivos disponibles desde su inauguración. El tratamiento de los datos inició con pruebas de normalidad con el objetivo de establecer el estadístico que se utilizó. Una vez utilizado el modelo de pronósticos apropiado, se validó con 5 periodos para comprobar si los pronósticos calculados se apegan a los datos reales que se presentaron del periodo 16 al 20; asimismo, se realizaron las pruebas de hipótesis estadísticas para validación del modelo utilizado. Además, se efectuaron pruebas con diferentes factores de suavización de nivel y tendencia, y se empleó el que mostró el menor error por periodo, el cual varió desde 0.21 % a 8.88 %. Las proporciones alumnos-maestro y alumnos-aula encontradas fueron de 36 y 38, respectivamente.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o comportamento histórico da matrícula de alunos em uma escola secundária tecnológica em Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, a fim de estimar a demanda futura. O objetivo é determinar a capacidade de infraestrutura necessária na instituição em termos de salas de aula e pessoal docente, e calcular as proporções aluno-professor e aluno-sala de aula para compará-las com as proporções médias internacionais e mexicanas. Isto porque, no início dos ciclos escolares, costumam surgir situações de falta de capacidade para atender os alunos atempadamente, razão pela qual foi necessário improvisar na adaptação das instalações e do corpo docente. Para este estudo, foram revisados diferentes métodos de previsão quantitativa; A partir disso, e de acordo com o comportamento histórico dos dados, foi utilizado aquele que mais aderiu a esse comportamento. Especificamente, foram coletados dados de 15 períodos letivos disponíveis desde a sua inauguração. O tratamento dos dados iniciou-se com testes de normalidade para estabelecer as estatísticas utilizadas. Uma vez utilizado o modelo de previsão adequado, foi validado com 5 períodos para verificar se as previsões calculadas estão de acordo com os dados reais que foram apresentados do período 16 ao 20; Da mesma forma, foram realizados testes de hipóteses estatísticas para validar o modelo utilizado. Além disso, foram realizados testes com diferentes níveis e fatores de suavização de tendência, sendo utilizado aquele que apresentou menor erro por período, que variou de 0,21% a 8,88%. As proporções aluno-professor e aluno-sala encontradas foram de 36 e 38, respectivamente.

Abstract Density guides (DG) are fundamental tools for silviculture, because they allow a better distribution of the growth space within the stand. The objective of this work was to construct and apply two DGs derived from a potential model (PM) and an exponential model (EM) for the thinning simulation. Two forest management objectives were tested: (1) To conserve, and (2) To change the proportion of species in the stand. Information from 1 346 minimum forest management units (MFMUs) with mixed species was used. The MFMUs were projected within the DGs in terms of the Stand Density Index (SDI), with respect to a maximum SDI (SDI max ). An MFMU was then randomly selected to deal with the aftereffects of thinning according to the two objectives aforementioned. The SDI max were 883 (PM) and 800 (EM), on the basis of which the Langsaeter growth zones were defined as a percentage: 70 % imminent mortality, 40 % constant growth, and 20 % free growth. The thinning simulations indicated that in both 1 and 2, a greater tree and basimetric area removal was projected when using the PM DG than with the EM DG. The two DGs have implications for the final harvest projection due to the structure and definition of the SDIs.

Resumen Las guías de densidad (GD) son herramientas fundamentales para la silvicultura porque permiten realizar una mejor distribución del espacio de crecimiento dentro del rodal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue construir y aplicar dos GD derivadas de un modelo potencial (MP) y uno exponencial (ME) para la simulación de aclareos. Se probaron dos objetivos de manejo forestal: (1) Para conservar, y (2) Para cambiar la proporción de especies del rodal. Se usó la información procedente de 1 346 unidades mínimas de manejo forestal (UMMF) con mezcla de especies. Las UMMF se proyectaron dentro de las GD en términos del Índice de Densidad de Rodal (IDR), con respecto a un IDR máximo (IDR max ). Después se seleccionó una UMMF de forma aleatoria para prescribir secuelas de aclareos de acuerdo con los dos objetivos planteados. Los IDR max fueron de 883 (MP) y 800 (ME), con los cuales se definieron las zonas de crecimiento de Langsaeter en forma porcentual: 70 % mortalidad inminente, 40 % crecimiento constante y 20 % crecimiento libre. Las simulaciones de aclareos indicaron que, tanto en 1 como en 2, se proyectó una mayor remoción de árboles y de área basal cuando se usó la GD del MP con respecto a la GD del ME. Las dos GD tienen implicaciones en la proyección de la cosecha final debido a la estructura y a la definición de los IDR.

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the impact of both organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on the intensity and epidemiological components of Cercospora leaf spot across three different canopies of cotton plants, specifically the variety DP ACALA 90, under field conditions. Fertilizers used in the study included bovine manure, Jatropha curcas seedcake, poultry manure, and urea (the latter serving as a control). These were applied at 20 days after plant emergence and then during the flowering stage until the total nitrogen (N) dose reached 50, 100, 150, or 200 kg N per hectare. The incidence and severity of the disease were assessed starting at the reproductive stage B1 (the first visible flower bud) across the lower, middle, and upper canopies of four cotton plants, with six evaluations conducted over time. To calculate the initial inoculum (Y 0 ) and the disease progress rate (r), the Exponential, Gompertz, and Logistic models were employed based on temporal data. The study was designed as a randomized complete block with a 4x4 factorial arrangement (fertilizer type x dose), and mean comparisons were made using Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). It was found that disease intensity within each canopy level varied in response to the type of nitrogen source and the applied dose, with the severity of the disease (including the area under the disease progress curve) being particularly influenced. A significant interaction between the type of fertilizer and the dose regarding the intensity of Cercospora leaf spot was observed. The Exponential model most accurately depicted the disease's temporal progression. Notably, poultry manure and urea were the fertilizers that most adversely influenced the intensity and initial inoculum (Y 0 ) of Cercospora leaf spot across the various canopies of the cotton plants. The findings suggest that the use of organic fertilizers in cotton cultivation could represent a viable sustainable management strategy.

Resumen Este artículo presenta un modelamiento para la caracterización de dos bombas peristálticas utilizando regresión no lineal. Se realizaron pruebas de precisión variando el nivel de altura de la bomba respecto al recipiente y se concluye que esto no influye en la rapidez del flujo. Se tomaron datos de llenado para 300ml teniendo en cuenta el voltaje aplicado a las bombas y el tiempo de llenado. Con los datos registrados se realizó ajuste de curvas por mínimos cuadrados determinando el modelo exponencial como el más acertado para las dos bombas y aplicando regla de tres simple se halló la ecuación para cualquier volumen solicitado. Finalmente se realizaron pruebas de llenado para comparar los datos del modelo con datos reales. El coeficiente de determinación del modelo de la primera bomba fue de 0,9875 y para la segunda fue de 0,9956 concluyendo que los modelos son acertados, lo cual se reitera en las pruebas de llenado comparativas donde se evidencia un asertividad superior a 99% en todas las pruebas realizadas. Se sugiere ampliar las investigaciones en el uso de este método matemático como alternativa en el control no invasivo de fluidos cuyos instrumentos requieran un tratamiento estéril.

Abstract This paper presents a modeling approach to characterize two peristaltic pumps using nonlinear regression. Accuracy tests were performed by varying the height level of the pump with respect to the vessel, and it was found to have no effect on the flow rate. Filling data was recorded for 300 ml considering the voltage applied to the pumps and the filling time. A least squares curve fitting was performed with the recorded data. The exponential model was determined to be the most accurate for the two pumps, and using a simple rule of three, the equation for each desired volume was found. Finally, filling tests were performed to compare the model data with the real data. The coefficient of determination of the model for the first pump was 0.9875 and for the second pump was 0.9956. It can be concluded that the models are accurate, which is also confirmed in the comparative filling tests, where an assertiveness of more than 99% was demonstrated in all the tests performed. It is proposed to extend the studies on the use of this mathematical method as an alternative in the non-invasive control of fluids whose instruments must be handled in a sterile manner.

ABSTRACT The exponential growth of digital technological resources requires the educational system to be in constant transformation. In order to contribute to this purpose, a pedagogical model is proposed to develop technological awareness in the use of digital technological resources during the bachelor's degree training process; since, manifestations that limit their adequate use by students were observed. The application of the proposal has contributed to the conscious use of digital technological resources by future high school graduates, from the integration of the different agents and socializing agencies involved in the training process.

RESUMEN El crecimiento exponencial de los recursos tecnológicos digitales requiere que el sistema educativo esté en constante transformación. Para contribuir con este propósito se propone un modelo pedagógico para desarrollar la conciencia tecnológica en el uso de los recursos tecnológicos digitales durante el proceso de formación del bachiller; pues, se constataron manifestaciones que limitan su adecuado uso por parte de los educandos. La aplicación de la propuesta ha contribuido al uso consciente de los recursos tecnológicos digitales por parte de los futuros bachilleres, desde la integración de los diferentes agentes y agencias socializadoras que intervienen en el proceso formativo.

Abstract. - This publication presents the development of a method that seeks to monitor the parameters β (shape) and η (scale) for each component-subsystem combination following the Weibull distribution, necessary for the calculation of the reliability of the man-machine system in the machining area. This system defines the workshops of the metal-mechanic, with high-mix and low-volume batch production where conventional and Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machines are involved, which share the manufacturing of parts that sometimes are unique, or their manufacturing period is short. The design of the man-machine system is based on the analysis of the failures of non-conforming parts in the machining area and on the failure rates, which the statistical model is developed for its evaluation, considering the 2-parameter Weibull distribution, and a redundant system with series-parallel configuration. The results obtained were based on the theoretical-practical, using mathematical and statistical models, as well as the Study Case. With the use of mathematical and statistical models, it is demonstrated that the probability of failure (risk) of the man-machine system is time-dependent and is generated by mechanical type stresses, which occur in the manufacture of parts.

Resumen. - Esta publicación presenta el desarrollo de un método que busca monitorear los parámetros β (forma) y η (escala) para cada combinación componente-subsistema siguiendo la distribución de Weibull, necesarios para el cálculo de la confiabilidad del sistema hombre-máquina en el área de maquinado. Este sistema define los talleres de la metalmecánica, con producción por lotes de alta mezcla y bajo volumen donde intervienen máquinas convencionales y de Control Numérico Computarizado (CNC), que comparten la fabricación de piezas que en ocasiones son únicas, o su periodo de fabricación es corto. El diseño del sistema hombre-máquina se basa en el análisis de los fallos de piezas no conformes en el área de mecanizado y en las tasas de fallo, para cuya evaluación se desarrolla el modelo estadístico, considerando la distribución de Weibull de 2 parámetros, y un sistema redundante con configuración serie-paralelo. Los resultados obtenidos se basaron en el teórico-práctico, utilizando modelos matemáticos y estadísticos, así como el Caso de Estudio. Con el uso de modelos matemáticos y estadísticos, se demuestra que la probabilidad de falla (riesgo) del sistema hombre-máquina depende del tiempo y es generada por tensiones de tipo mecánico, que ocurren en la fabricación de las piezas.

Resumen Conocer el contenido de biomasa aérea de árboles individuales es importante en los esfuerzos para determinar la contribución de los bosques en el secuestro de carbono. Los datos LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) son una alternativa a las imágenes satelitales para estimar características del arbolado. Dada la importancia de los bosques de la vertiente oriental de la Cuenca del ex Lago de Texcoco para la captura de carbono, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar modelos de regresión para la estimación de biomasa aérea en árboles individuales de Pinus hartwegii Lindl. a partir de datos LiDAR. En campo se midió el diámetro normal (Dn), la altura total (AT), altura de fuste limpio (AF) y el diámetro de copa (DC) de 60 árboles. Sobre un conjunto de datos LiDAR aerotransportados se identificaron esos árboles y se midieron las mismas variables (ATL, AFL y DCL, donde la letra L hace referencia a LiDAR), excepto el diámetro normal, ya que no es posible su medición directa con el LiDAR. Para conocer la biomasa aérea de los árboles se usó el Dn y una ecuación alométrica generada previamente por otros autores. Mediante la técnica de regresión se ajustaron siete modelos lineales y cinco no lineales eligiendo aquel con menor raíz del cuadrado medio del error, mayor R2adj y menor valor del criterio de información de Akaike, además de cumplir con los supuestos de regresión. El modelo seleccionado es de tipo exponencial, con las variables ATL y DCL para estimar la biomasa: RMSE = 406.70, R2adj = 0.8107 y AIC = 723.88.

Summary Knowing the aboveground biomass content of individual trees is important in efforts to determine forests contribution to carbon sequestration. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data are an alternative to satellite images to estimate tree attributes. Considering the importance of forestland on the eastern slopes of the former Texcoco Lake basin for carbon capture, this study aimed to assess regression models for the estimation of above-ground biomass in individual Pinus hartwegii Lindl. trees from LiDAR data. In the field the breast-height diameter (Dn), total height (AT), stem height (AF) and crown diameter (DC) of 60 trees were measured. Those trees were identified on an air-borne LiDAR dataset and the same variables were measured (namely ATL, AFL and DCL, where L stands for LiDAR), except for Dn since it is not possible to measure it directly from LiDAR. Above-ground tree biomass was determined based on Dn and an allometric equation previously developed by other authors. Using the regression technique seven linear and five nonlinear models were adjusted, choosing the one with the lowest mean square root of the error (RMSE), the largest R2adj and the lowest value of the Akaike information criterion, in addition to the compliance of regression assumptions. The selected model is exponential with ATL and DCL variables to estimate biomass: RMSE = 406.70, R2adj = 0.8107 and AIC = 723.88.

RESUMO: No Brasil, a ureia é o fertilizante nitrogenado mais utilizado para melhorar a produção de forragem. No entanto, seu uso excessivo pode causar impactos ambientais por meio de perdas de nitrogênio (N), como a volatilização da amônia (NH3). Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi ajustar a volatilização de NH3 da ureia aplicada em pastos tropicais em três condições de chuva utilizando modelos matemáticos. Dados foram coletados de pastos de capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha) adubado com 50 kg N ha-1 em condições úmidas, intermediárias e secas. A volatilização da NH3 foi medida em cinco câmaras semiabertas durante 21 dias. Os modelos, linear, quadrático, exponencial, Gompertz, Groot e Richards foram testados para ajuste e estimativa da volatilização do NH3. Os modelos de Gompertz, Groot e Richards geraram predições semelhantes aos dados observados, com alto coeficiente de determinação, indicando um melhor ajuste dessas equações aos dados, com acurácia e precisão. No entanto, o modelo Groot foi selecionado devido ao menor erro quadrático médio das predições (0,29% de N total perdido como NH3). A maior volatilização de NH3 ocorreu em condições climáticas úmida, seguido por intermediária e seca (20,2; 17,0 e 11,3% de N total perdido como NH3, respectivamente). Portanto, as perdas de N como volatilização de NH3 após a aplicação de 50 kg N ha-1, como fonte de ureia, são alteradas de acordo com as condições climáticas, atingindo a 20% do N adicionado nas condições úmidas. O modelo Groot é recomendado para ajuste e estimativa da volatilização de NH3 da ureia aplicada em pastos de capim Marandu em condições úmidas e secas. RESUMO Brasil forragem entanto N, , (N) NH . (NH3) Portanto matemáticos capimmarandu marandu Brachiaria brizantha 5 ha1 ha 1 ha- secas 2 dias linear exponencial Gompertz observados determinação precisão 0,29% 029 0 29 (0,29 NH3) úmida 20,2 202 20 (20,2 170 17 17, 113 11 3 11,3 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) ha1, 1, (N (NH3 0,29 02 (0,2 20, (20, 11, (NH 0,2 (0, (20 0, (0 (2 (

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, urea is the most used nitrogen (N) fertilizer to improve forage production. However, their excessive use can cause environmental impacts through N losses, such as ammonia (NH3) volatilization. Therefore, the current study adjusted and estimated the NH3 volatilization from urea applied on tropical pastures in three rainfall conditions using mathematical models. Data were collected from Marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha) fertilized with 50 kg N ha-1 during wet, intermediate, and dry conditions. Ammonia volatilization was measured in five semi-open chambers for 21 days. The linear, quadratic, exponential, Gompertz, Groot, and Richards models were tested for fitting and estimating the NH3 volatilization. The Gompertz, Groot, and Richards models generated predictions similar to the observed data, with a high determination coefficient, indicating a better fit of these equations to data, with precision and accuracy. However, the Groot model was selected due to the lowest root mean square error of prediction (0.29 % total N lost as NH3). The greatest N loss as NH3 volatilization occurred in the wet, followed by intermediate and dry conditions (20.2, 17.0, and 11.3 % total N lost as NH3, respectively). Therefore, nitrogen losses as NH3 volatilization after application of 50 kg N ha-1, as urea source, are altered according to the weather conditions, reaching 20% of N added in the wet rainfall period. The Groot model is recommended for fitting and estimating the NH3 volatilization from urea applied on Marandu grass pastures in the wet and dry rainfall conditions. ABSTRACT Brazil (N production However NH (NH3 Therefore Brachiaria brizantha 5 ha1 ha 1 ha- semiopen semi open 2 days linear quadratic exponential Gompertz data coefficient accuracy 0.29 029 0 29 (0.2 NH3. . NH3) 20.2, 202 20 (20.2 170 17 17.0 113 11 3 11. respectively. respectively respectively) ha1, 1, source period (NH 0.2 02 (0. 20.2 (20. 17. 0. (0 20. (20 ( (2

ABSTRACT This study aimed to model nutrient losses in an Oxisol under varied soil properties and vegetation cover. The experimental area was located at the Paraná Rural Development Institute, in Santa Tereza do Oeste, Paraná, Brazil. The treatments consisted of six cover crops in summer, six cover crops in winter, and management systems no-tillage (NT) traditional (control), NT with gypsum, and NT with scarification. Nutrient data were collected at each natural rainfall through sample collection from collection troughs. The design was completely randomized, and the data were adjusted using an exponential function of two variables, as a function of soil density, macroporosity, straw dry mass, green cover, and rainfall. Greater losses of Mg and Ca was related to higher soil density and lower macroporosity. Lower losses of Mg, Ca, K, and P were associated with lower straw dry mass and higher green cover. K and P losses were stable for all soil density values, but they decreased with an increase in macroporosity. Institute Oeste Brazil summer winter notillage no tillage (NT control, control , (control) gypsum scarification troughs randomized variables macroporosity values (control

Resumo A Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio São Francisco (SFRB) é de extrema importância tanto para a população rural quanto urbana local, percorrendo diversos estados e municípios do Brasil. O estudo da distribuição espacial das chuvas na SFRB, apoiado na aplicação da geoestatística, oferece insights valiosos para a gestão e planejamento hídrico. Nesse estudo foram utilizados dados de 341 estações pluviométricas, correspondentes ao período entre 1989 e 2018, e analisadas as chuvas acumuladas mensais. Sobre a tendência, estimativas positivas para a latitude, com exceção de abril, ressaltam que a precipitação acumulada em cada mês diminui de sul para norte. No mês de dezembro, 85,10% da variabilidade espacial das chuvas foi explicada pela tendência das chuvas em relação às coordenadas geográficas. Na dependência espacial, os dados analisados mostram predomínio do modelo de variograma exponencial. As análises realizadas proporcionaram uma visão holística das chuvas na região, permitindo a compreensão dos padrões espaciais e lançando luz sobre os desafios apresentados em um cenário de mudanças climáticas. Essa pesquisa limitou-se à modelagem espacial das chuvas na SFRB, e uma modelagem dos impactos socioeconômicos e ambientais na região em relação à irregularidade espacial das chuvas é essencial para trabalhos futuros. SFRB (SFRB local Brasil geoestatística hídrico 34 pluviométricas 198 2018 mensais latitude abril norte dezembro 8510 85 10 85,10 geográficas exponencial climáticas limitouse limitou se futuros 3 19 201 851 8 1 85,1 20 85, 2

Abstract The São Francisco River Basin (SFRB) is extremely important for both the local rural and urban population, running through several states and municipalities in Brazil. Thus, the study of the spatial distribution of rainfall in the SFRB, supported by the application of geostatistics, offers valuable insights for water management and planning. In this study, data from 341 rainfall stations were used, corresponding to the period between 1989 and 2018, and monthly accumulated rainfall analyzed. About the trends, positive estimates for latitude, except for April, highlight that the accumulated precipitation decreases from south to north each month. In December, 85.10% of the spatial variability of rainfall was explained by the trend of rainfall concerning geographical coordinates. Concerning spatial dependence, the analyzed data predominantly exhibited the exponential variogram model. The conducted analyses offered a holistic view of rainfall in the region, facilitating the understanding of spatial patterns and shedding light on challenges in the face of climate change. Our research limited on the spatial modeling of rainfall in the SFRB, and future work should include modeling socio-economic and environmental impacts in the region concerning the spatial irregularity of rainfall. SFRB (SFRB population Brazil Thus geostatistics planning 34 used 198 2018 trends latitude April month December 8510 85 10 85.10 coordinates dependence model change socioeconomic socio economic 3 19 201 851 8 1 85.1 20 85. 2

Resumo Introdução Nos últimos anos, tem-se observado um aumento sustentado na prevalência de diagnósticos de saúde mental infantojuvenil, os quais estão associados a dificuldades nas esferas emocional, social, familiar e ocupacional. Evidências apoiam a necessidade de tratamento interdisciplinar e oportuno para resolver esses problemas. Dada a longa história da terapia ocupacional nesse campo, é essencial examinar as evidências que apoiam o seu trabalho. Objetivo Caracterizar as publicações acadêmicas de terapia ocupacional em revistas disciplinares referentes à saúde mental infantojuvenil. Método Análise bibliométrica com escopo exploratório-descritivo. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados SCOPUS e Web of Science e uma busca manual em revistas disciplinares em espanhol e português. Um total de 269 artigos publicados entre 1985 e 2022 foram selecionados e analisados usando-se o software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Resultados Observou-se um aumento no número de publicações a partir de 1985, com crescimento exponencial desde 2010. Há enfoque temático na infância, associado a diagnósticos de Transtorno do Espectro Autista e Transtorno do Desenvolvimento, Atenção e Hiperatividade. Os modelos disciplinares mais utilizados são Integração Sensorial, Modelos da Ocupação Humana e o Modelo Canadense. Predominam estudos quantitativos com escopo descritivo. Conclusão Apesar da importância do tema para a terapia ocupacional, as publicações são escassas, focadas e com baixos níveis de evidência. Enfatiza-se a necessidade de promover mais pesquisas disciplinares que abordem a diversidade de enfoques e áreas de atuação. É crucial incentivar estudos analíticos e experimentais para elevar os níveis de evidência na abordagem da saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes. anos temse tem se infantojuvenil emocional social problemas campo trabalho exploratóriodescritivo. exploratóriodescritivo exploratório descritivo exploratório-descritivo português 26 198 202 usandose usando SPSS. SPSS . (SPSS) Observouse Observou 2010 infância Desenvolvimento Hiperatividade Sensorial Canadense escassas Enfatizase Enfatiza atuação adolescentes 2 19 20 (SPSS 201 1

Abstract Introduction In recent years, there has been a sustained increase in the prevalence of child and adolescent mental health diagnoses, which are associated with difficulties in the emotional, social, family and occupational spheres. Evidence supports the need for interdisciplinary and timely treatment to address these problems. Given the long history of occupational therapy in this field, it is essential to examine the evidence supporting its work. Objective To characterize academic publications on occupational therapy in disciplinary journals related to child and adolescent mental health. Method A bibliometric analysis with an exploratory-descriptive scope was conducted. Searches were performed in the SCOPUS and Web of Science databases, along with manual searches in disciplinary journals in Spanish and Portuguese. A total of 269 articles published between 1985 and 2022 were selected and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results An increase in the number of publications was observed starting from 1985 t, with exponential growth since 2010. The thematic focus is on childhood, associated with diagnoses of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. The most commonly used disciplinary models are Sensory Integration, Models of Human Occupation, and the Canadian Model. Quantitative studies with a descriptive scope predominate. Conclusion Despite the importance of the topic for occupational therapy, the publications are scarce, focused, and have low levels of evidence. The need to promote more disciplinary research that addresses the diversity of approaches and areas of work is emphasized. It is crucial to encourage analytical and experimental studies to raise the levels of evidence in addressing child and adolescent mental health. years emotional social spheres problems field exploratorydescriptive exploratory conducted databases Portuguese 26 198 202 SPSS (SPSS software t 2010 childhood Integration Occupation Model predominate scarce focused emphasized 2 19 20 201 1

Resumen Introducción En los últimos años se ha observado un aumento sostenido en la prevalencia de diagnósticos de salud mental infantojuvenil, los cuales se asocian a dificultades en los ámbitos emocional, social, familiar y ocupacional. La evidencia respalda la necesidad de un tratamiento interdisciplinario y oportuno para abordar estas problemáticas. Dada la larga historia de la terapia ocupacional en este campo, es esencial examinar la evidencia que respalda su trabajo. Objetivo Caracterizar las publicaciones académicas de terapia ocupacional en revistas disciplinares referentes a la salud mental infantojuvenil. Método Análisis bibliométrico con alcance exploratorio-descriptivo. Se realiza una búsqueda avanzada en bases de datos SCOPUS y Web of Science, y búsqueda manual en revistas disciplinares en español y portugués. Se seleccionaron 269 artículos publicados entre los años 1985 y 2022, los cuales fueron analizados mediante SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Resultados Hay un aumento de publicaciones desde 1985 a la fecha, con un crecimiento exponencial desde el año 2010. Existe una focalización temática en la niñez, asociada a diagnósticos de Trastorno del Espectro Autista y Trastorno de Déficit de Atención/Hiperactividad. Los modelos disciplinares más utilizados son la Integración Sensorial, el Modelo de la Ocupación Humana el Modelo Canadiense. Predominan los estudios de tipo cuantitativo y de alcance descriptivo. Conclusión A pesar de la importancia del tema para la terapia ocupacional, las publicaciones son escasas, focalizadas y con bajos niveles de evidencia. Se enfatiza la necesidad de impulsar mayor investigación disciplinar que aborde la diversidad de enfoques y de ámbitos de trabajo. Es crucial fomentar estudios analíticos y experimentales para elevar los niveles de evidencia en el abordaje de la salud mental infantojuvenil. infantojuvenil emocional social problemáticas campo trabajo exploratoriodescriptivo. exploratoriodescriptivo exploratorio descriptivo exploratorio-descriptivo Science portugués 26 198 2022 Statistical Sciences. Sciences . Sciences) fecha 2010 niñez AtenciónHiperactividad Atención Hiperactividad Atención/Hiperactividad Sensorial Canadiense escasas 2 19 202 201 1 20