Parthenolide (PTN) is a secondary metabolite of the plant Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz Bip. and is considered the chemical marker of this species. This sesquiterpene lactone (germacrene skeleton) has been described as responsible for the biological activity of the leaf extract. In addition, several studies in the literature have demonstrated its antiparasitic and antineoplastic activity. However, there is a need for knowledge of other safety parameters, such as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity evaluations. Therefore, in this investigation, the in vitro metabolism of parthenolide was performed with rat liver microsomes and biomimetic metabolism (such as cytochrome P-450 system) using organometallic catalysts. The biomimetic procedure was validated since the major compound of biomimetic oxidative reaction with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by metalloporphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin iron(III) chloride was also observed with rat liver microsomes. Previous chemoenzymatic synthesis studies of PTN afforded the same epoxide formation, this major oxidative compound was isolated and fully characterized as (1 R,10R)-epoxyparthenolide based on experimental and theoretical calculations of infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data at the B3PW91/6-311G. Furthermore, for the first time, this metabolite was evaluated for trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were lower for PTN than its metabolite and showed significant cytotoxic effects for both parasites. This finding holds promise for addressing neglected diseases. (PTN L. L (L. Bip species germacrene skeleton extract addition However parameters pharmacokinetic evaluations Therefore investigation P450 P 450 P-45 system catalysts metachloroperbenzoic meta chloroperbenzoic 5,10,15,20tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5101520tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5,10,15,20 tetrakis pentafluorophenyl porphyrin 5 10 15 20 ironIII iron III iron(III formation 1 ( R,10Repoxyparthenolide R10Repoxyparthenolide RRepoxyparthenolide R,10R epoxyparthenolide R 10R IR (IR VCD (VCD B3PW91/6311G. B3PW916311G BPWG B3PW91/6 311G. B3PW91 6 311G B PW G B3PW91/6-311G Furthermore time IC50 IC (IC50 parasites diseases (L P45 45 P-4 20tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5101520 5,10,15,2 2 10Repoxyparthenolide Repoxyparthenolide R10R RR 6311G B3PW91/6311G B3PW916 BPW B3PW91/ B3PW9 IC5 (IC5 P4 4 P- 510152 5,10,15, B3PW (IC 51015 5,10,15 5101 5,10,1 510 5,10, 51 5,10 5,1 5,

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to analyze variations in intraoperative corneal thickness during corneal cross-linking in patients with keratoconus and to investigate its possible correlation with presurgical maximal keratometry (Kmax) and pachymetry. Methods: This was a prospective case series. We used a method similar to the Dresden protocol, with the application of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.1% hypo-osmolar riboflavin in corneas between 330 and 400 µm after epithelium removal. Corneal thickness was measured using portable calipers before and immediately after epithelium removal, and 30 and 60 min after the procedure. Results: The 30 patients in this study were followed up for one year. A statistically significant difference was observed in pachymetry values during the intraoperative period (p<0.0001) and an increase of 3.05 µm (95%C1: 0.56-5.54) for each diopter was seen after epithelium removal (p0.019). We found an average Kmax difference of —2.12 D between men and women (p0.013). One year after treatment, there was a statistically significant reduction in pachymetry (p<0.0001) and Kmax (p0.0170) values. Conclusions: A significant increase in pachymetry measurements was seen during the procedure, and most patients showed a regression in Kmax and pachymetry values one year after surgery. Purpose crosslinking cross linking (Kmax Methods series protocol 01 0 1 0.1 hypoosmolar hypo osmolar 33 40 3 6 procedure Results p<0.0001 p00001 p 0001 (p<0.0001 305 05 3.0 95%C1 95C1 C 95 C1 (95%C1 0.565.54 056554 0.56 5.54 56 5 54 0.56-5.54 p0.019. p0019 p0.019 . p0 019 (p0.019) 2.12 212 2 12 —2.1 p0.013. p0013 p0.013 013 (p0.013) treatment p0.0170 p00170 0170 (p0.0170 Conclusions surgery 0. 4 p<0.000 p0000 000 (p<0.000 3. 95%C 95C 9 (95%C 565 0.565.5 05655 056 0.5 554 5.5 0.56-5.5 p001 p0.01 (p0.019 2.1 21 —2. (p0.013 p0.017 p0017 017 (p0.017 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 0.565. 0565 55 5. 0.56-5. p00 p0.0 (p0.01 2. —2 p<0.0 (p<0.0 0.565 0.56-5 p0. (p0.0 — p<0. (p<0. 0.56- (p0. p<0 (p<0 (p0 p< (p< (p

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attention and skepticism in the evaluation of false market discourse with an environmental appeal (greenwashing). The theoretical support for the research was based on the study of the attention process (understood in terms of pre-attention and attention), as well as the practice of greenwashing and consumer skepticism. The methodological procedure adopted a hypothetical-deductive approach, carried out through two face-to-face experiments (n=129 and n=159) with a 2 factorial design (attention/pre-attention) x 2 (present/absent skepticism), with the measurement of four interest metrics (attribute evaluation, judgment about the practice of greenwashing, emotional reaction to the advertisement, and environmental purchase behavior), added to eye tracking. One-way ANOVA was used for one-dimensional analyzes and general linear model (GLM) ANOVA for multivariate analyses, with Tukey's post hoc test. As a result, it was possible to observe a better evaluation of the practice of greenwashing when pre-attentiveness and the absence of skepticism were combined, which sets up a potential scenario for the influence of this false marketing discourse on consumer behavior. greenwashing. . (greenwashing) understood preattention pre attention, , attention) hypotheticaldeductive hypothetical deductive approach facetoface face n=129 n129 n 129 (n=12 n=159 n159 159 attention/preattention attentionpreattention attention/pre (attention/pre-attention present/absent presentabsent present absent skepticism, skepticism) attribute advertisement behavior, behavior behavior) tracking Oneway One way onedimensional one dimensional GLM (GLM analyses Tukeys Tukey s test result preattentiveness attentiveness combined (greenwashing n=12 n12 12 (n=1 n=15 n15 15 attentionpre n=1 n1 1 (n= n= (n

RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência da atenção e do ceticismo na avaliação do falso discurso mercadológico com apelo ambiental (greenwashing). O suporte teórico da pesquisa assentou-se no estudo do processo da atenção (compreendido em termos de pré-atenção e atenção), assim como da prática de greenwashing e o ceticismo do consumidor. O procedimento metodológico adotou uma abordagem hipotético-dedutiva, realizada por meio de dois experimentos presenciais (n=129 e n=159) com desenho fatorial 2 (atenção/pré-atenção) x 2 (ceticismo presente/ausente), com a mensuração de quatro métricas de interesse (avaliação dos atributos, julgamento acerca da prática de greenwashing, reação emocional ao anúncio e comportamento ambiental de compra), somada ao monitoramento ocular (eyetracker). Foram empregadas a ANOVA one-way para as análises unidimensionais e a ANOVA pelo modelo linear geral (GLM) para as análises multivariadas, com o teste post hoc de Tukey. Como resultado, foi possível observar uma melhor avaliação da prática de greenwashing quando da junção da pré-atenção e da ausência do ceticismo, o que configura um cenário de potencialidade da capacidade de influência desse falso discurso mercadológico no comportamento do consumidor. greenwashing. . (greenwashing) assentouse assentou se compreendido préatenção pré atenção, , atenção) consumidor hipotéticodedutiva, hipotéticodedutiva hipotético dedutiva, dedutiva hipotético-dedutiva n=129 n129 n 129 (n=12 n=159 n159 159 atenção/préatenção atençãopréatenção atenção/pré (atenção/pré-atenção presente/ausente, presenteausente presente/ausente presente ausente presente/ausente) atributos compra, compra compra) eyetracker. eyetracker (eyetracker) oneway one way GLM (GLM multivariadas Tukey resultado (greenwashing n=12 n12 12 (n=1 n=15 n15 15 atençãopré (eyetracker n=1 n1 1 (n= n= (n

Abstract Objective To assess FEES findings in defining oral feeding safety in children with suspected dysphagia, comparing them with clinical feeding evaluation results. Methods This study comprised a case series involving children with suspected dysphagia, referred for evaluation by otolaryngologists and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) at a Brazilian quaternary public university hospital. These children underwent both clinical evaluations and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), with a comprehensive collection of demographic and clinical data. Subsequently, the authors performed a comparative analysis of findings from both assessments. Results Most patients successfully completed the FEES procedure (93.7%), resulting in a final number of 60 cases included in the study. The prevalence of dysphagia was confirmed in a significant 88% of these cases. Suspected aspiration on clinical SLP evaluation was present in 34 patients. Of these, FEES confirmed aspiration or penetration in 28 patients. Among the 35 patients with aspiration or penetration on FEES, 7 (20%) had no suspicion on SLP clinical assessment. All seven patients in whom clinical SLP evaluation failed to predict penetration/aspiration had neurological disorders. The median age of the children was 2.8 years, and 49 (81.6%) had neurological disorders, while 35 (58.3%) had chronic pulmonary disease. The most prevalent complaints were choking (41.6%) and sialorrhea (23.3%). Conclusion FEES can diagnose structural anomalies of the upper aerodigestive tract and significantly contribute to the detection of aspiration and penetration in this group of patients with suspected dysphagia, identifying moderate and severe dysphagia even in cases where clinical assessment had no suspicion. results speechlanguage speech language SLPs (SLPs hospital , (FEES) data Subsequently assessments 93.7%, 937 93.7% 93 (93.7%) 6 88 3 2 20% 20 (20% penetrationaspiration disorders 8 2. years 4 81.6% 816 81 (81.6% 58.3% 583 58 (58.3% disease 41.6% 416 41 (41.6% 23.3%. 233 23.3% . 23 (23.3%) (FEES 93.7 9 (93.7% (20 81.6 (81.6 58.3 5 (58.3 41.6 (41.6 23.3 (23.3% 93. (93.7 (2 81. (81. 58. (58. 41. (41. 23. (23.3 (93. ( (81 (58 (41 (23. (93 (8 (5 (4 (23 (9

Abstract In the area of business management, a set of tools are harmonized in terms of the integral management of the economic, social and environmental dimensions that support Corporate Social Responsibility and allow for an evaluation of the company in terms of the fulfillment of its objectives in an integral manner. As part of the process of updating the Cuban economic and social development model, this topic acquires special importance due to its impact on local development with emphasis on the social and environmental aspects. The objective of this research is to design a procedure for the management of social responsibility in the Minas Tobacco Collection and Processing Company, Pinar del Río, valid for other similar companies. The dialectical-materialist method was used, which according to its contributions allowed discovering the dialectic of the development of the process to be studied. Empirical methods were used to obtain primary and secondary information. Surveys and interviews were conducted with workers and managers of the company, their families and other local actors. A diagnosis was made of the current state of the social responsibility management process in the company, where a series of limitations were found, which refer as a central element to the lack of a methodological tool oriented to improve the decision-making scheme, linked to the social actions of the entity. The main subsystems of the corporate social responsibility program are presented, as well as the social actions that have been implemented as part of the municipal development strategy.

Resumo No campo da gestão empresarial, um conjunto de ferramentas é harmonizado em termos de gestão integrada das dimensões econômica, social e ambiental que formam a base da Responsabilidade Social Corporativa e permitem uma avaliação da empresa em termos do cumprimento de seus objetivos de forma integrada. Como parte do processo de atualização do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico e social de Cuba, essa questão assume especial importância devido ao seu impacto no desenvolvimento local, com ênfase nas esferas social e ambiental. O objetivo desta pesquisa é elaborar um procedimento para a gestão da responsabilidade social na Empresa de Coleta e Processamento de Tabaco de Minas, Pinar del Río, que seja válido para outras empresas semelhantes. Foi utilizado o método dialético-materialista, que, de acordo com suas contribuições, permitiu descobrir a dialética do desenvolvimento do processo a ser estudado. Foram usados métodos empíricos para obter informações primárias e secundárias. Foram realizadas pesquisas e entrevistas com trabalhadores e gerentes da empresa, suas famílias e outros atores locais. Foi feito um diagnóstico do estado atual do processo de gestão da responsabilidade social da empresa, no qual foi identificada uma série de limitações, cujo elemento central foi a falta de uma ferramenta metodológica destinada a aprimorar o processo de tomada de decisões vinculado às ações sociais da empresa. São apresentados os principais subsistemas do programa de responsabilidade social corporativa, bem como as ações sociais que foram implementadas como parte da estratégia de desenvolvimento municipal.

Resumen En el ámbito de la gestión empresarial, se armonizan un conjunto de herramientas en función de la gestión integral de las dimensiones económica, social y ambiental que fundamentan la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial y permiten realizar una evaluación de la empresa en función del cumplimiento de sus objetivos integralmente. Como parte del proceso de actualización de su modelo de desarrollo económico y social cubano, este tema adquiere una especial importancia por su impacto en el desarrollo local con énfasis en el ámbito social y ambiental. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo diseñar un procedimiento para la gestión de la responsabilidad social en la Empresa de Acopio y Beneficio del Tabaco Minas, Pinar del Río, válido para otras empresas similares. Se utilizó el método dialéctico-materialista que de acuerdo con sus aportes permitió descubrir la dialéctica del desarrollo del proceso a estudiar. Los métodos empíricos se emplearon para obtener información primaria y secundaria. Se realizaron encuestas y entrevistas a trabajadores y directivos de la empresa, sus familiares y a otros actores locales. Se realizó un diagnóstico del estado actual del proceso de gestión de la responsabilidad social en la empresa, donde se pudo constatar una serie de limitaciones que refieren como elemento central la carencia de una herramienta metodológica orientada a perfeccionar el esquema de toma de decisiones, vinculado al accionar social de la entidad. Se exponen los principales subsistemas del programa de responsabilidad social empresarial, así como las acciones sociales que se han implementado como parte de la estrategia de desarrollo municipal.

RESUMEN La presente investigación aborda la concepción de las evaluaciones integradoras en la formación docente de nivel Medio Superior como vía de perfeccionamiento del proceso evaluativo. Se definió como objetivo concebir alternativas que contribuyan a la implementación de la evaluación integradora con un enfoque profesional pedagógico para el cumplimiento de los planes de estudio de las especialidades Maestro de Inglés de Educación Primaria y Profesor de Secundaria Básica Especialidad Inglés. Se plantea un procedimiento para el diseño y la implementación de las evaluaciones integradoras que se incluyen en los nuevos planes de estudio de ambas especialidades. Los resultados obtenidos permiten actualizar la concepción de las evaluaciones integradoras para la formación de maestros y profesores de inglés para el siglo XXI en las escuelas pedagógicas; además se muestra una mayor coherencia entre los programas de las asignaturas y los talleres profesionales objeto de integración, y se proponen tres evaluaciones integradoras a aplicar en tercero y una para el cuarto año las que requieren de niveles de desempeño superior durante su formación como maestros o profesores de inglés.

ABSTRACT This research addresses the conception of integrative evaluations in high school teacher training as a way to improve the evaluation process. The objective was defined to conceive alternatives that contribute to the implementation of integrative evaluation with a professional pedagogical approach that would contribute to the fulfillment of the general objective, the skills and the objectives declared in the Graduate Profile in the third and fourth years of the specialties Primary Education English Teacher and Basic Secondary Teacher English Specialty. To this end, a procedure was proposed for the design and implementation of integrative evaluations that are included in the new study plans of both specialties. The results obtained allowed us to update the conception of integrative evaluations for the training of English teachers for the 21st century in teacher training colleges. In addition, it was shown greater coherence between the subject programs and the professional workshops subject to integration. Therefore, three integrative evaluations were proposed to be applied in the third year and one for the fourth year, which require higher levels of performance, besides contributing to the pedagogical professional approach in the training of Primary and Basic Secondary teachers of English.

RESUMEN El estudio del Estado del Arte para las investigaciones en Ciencias Pedagógicas o Ciencias de la Educación, es una temática con carencia de sistematización e implementación consensuada, al interior de la academia cubana, no así en otros países de Latinoamérica como México, Colombia y Perú. No obstante, los aportes visibilizados en estos países, redundan en qué es y significa esta herramienta, sus alcances y posturas tanto epistemológicas como metodológicas, para dejar una fisura en cuáles son los indicadores para medir la calidad de su construcción de manera consciente, al lograr se implemente en la formación académica de posgrado; y por consiguiente la construcción de informes de investigación de Maestría y Doctorado. Por ello, el autor dentro de la sección de Epistemología Pedagógica del Centro Latinoamericano de Estudios en Epistemología Pedagógica, aporta una Matriz de evaluación del Estado del Arte, que bajo un procedimiento matemático básico, establece con enfoque mixto, la posibilidad de dicha medición, sustentada en indicadores universalizados, con alcance crítico valorativo. La matriz aportada, no solo es de provecho para los procesos de construcción de informes de investigación, sino que su valor trasciende este marco para ser herramienta de utilidad por miembros de tribunales, plantas académicas, oponentes y tutores.

ABSTRACT The study of the State of the Art for research in Pedagogical Sciences or Educational Sciences is a topic with a lack of systematization and consensual implementation, within the Cuban academy, unlike in other Latin American countries such as Mexico, Colombia and Peru. However, the contributions made visible in these countries reflect what this tool is and means, its scope and both epistemological and methodological positions, to leave a gap in what the indicators are to measure the quality of its construction in a conscious manner, by achieving is implemented in postgraduate academic training; and consequently, the construction of Master's and Doctoral research reports. For this reason, the author, within the Pedagogical Epistemology section of the Latin American Center for Studies in Pedagogical Epistemology, provides an evaluation matrix of the State of the Art, which under a basic mathematical procedure, establishes with a mixed approach, the possibility of said measurement, supported in universalized indicators, with critical evaluative scope. The matrix provided is not only useful for the processes of constructing research reports, but its value transcends this framework to be a useful tool for members of tribunals, academic staff, opponents and tutors.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los hoteles son instalaciones cuyo recurso fundamental constituye su capital humano, requieren sistemáticamente de inversiones sobre el conocimiento, el continuo perfeccionamiento de los hábitos de trabajo y conductas laborales seguras que permitan el mejoramiento del desempeño individual y colectivo, y con ello, la calidad de los servicios. En el Complejo Meliá Cayo Santa María se evalúa el desempeño de los cuadros utilizando indicadores generales, sin considerar las funciones y tareas específicas, lo cual no permite gestionar el desempeño individual en función del desempeño organizacional. Objetivo: Proponer un procedimiento para la evaluación del desempeño de los cuadros que contribuya a la gestión de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo en el Complejo Meliá Cayo Santa María Método: Fueron utilizados métodos al nivel empírico: el análisis documental de los planes de trabajo de los cuadros, los manuales de procedimientos, la planeación estratégica del hotel, las evaluaciones del desempeño y los calificadores de cargo, la entrevista a directivos y la observación directa del proceso de evaluación del desempeño. Resultados: Como principal aporte de la investigación, se desarrolló un procedimiento para la evaluación del desempeño de los cuadros que permite mejorar la gestión de la seguridad y salud en el complejo hotelero. Conclusión: La propuesta de evaluación del desempeño de los cuadros basada en las competencias y las conductas estratégicas asociadas como contribución al compromiso con la seguridad y salud, la mejora de la calidad de vida laboral del trabajador y al desempeño directivo efectivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hotels, whose fundamental resource constitutes their human capital, systematically require investments in knowledge, the continuous improvement of work habits and safe work behaviors that allow the improvement of individual and collective performance, and with it, the quality of services. At the “Meliá Cayo Santa María Complex” the performance of staff is evaluated using general indicators, without considering specific functions and tasks, which does not allow individual performance to be managed based on organizational performance. Objective: Propose a procedure for evaluating the performance of staff that contributes to the management of occupational health and safety at the “Meliá Cayo Santa María Complex.” Methods: Empirical methods were used: documentary analysis of the work plans of the staff, procedure manuals, strategic planning of the hotel, performance evaluations and position qualifiers, interviews with managers and direct observation of the process performance evaluation. Results: As the main contribution of the research, a procedure was developed for evaluating the performance of staff that allows improving health and safety management in the hotel complex. Conclusions: The proposal for evaluating the performance of staff based on the competencies and associated strategic behaviors as a contribution to the commitment to safety and health, the improvement of the quality of the worker's work life and effective managerial performance.

RESUMEN Introducción: A lo largo de los años se ha propuesto una notable variedad de protocolos quirúrgicos periodontales, cuyo enfoque pasó de la simple resolución de defectos de tejidos blandos a la realización de procedimientos predecibles y mínimamente invasivos. Inicialmente se usaba el injerto gingival libre. Posteriormente se han probado diversas técnicas, incluidas aquellas con sustitutos de tejidos blandos, como membranas tipo Alloderm. Hoy en día se considera el gold standard el injerto de tejido conectivo subepitelial asociado al colgajo de avance coronal. Por último, se ha examinado la técnica Pinhole, con mayor preservación de tejido y resultado más estético. Objetivos: El objetivo de esta revisión fue la comparación de técnicas actualizadas para el tratamiento de recesiones múltiples en maxilar superior e inferior. El resultado del procedimiento se evaluó en términos de cobertura radicular completa, reducción de la recesión, ganancia en altura y volumen, resultado estético, dolor postoperatorio y morbilidad del lecho donante y receptor del paciente. Material y métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas y manuales para recopilar estudios de boca dividida, ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios, series de casos, estudios piloto, libros de periodoncia, estudios de casos, revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis, incluyendo los defectos de recesiónes gingivales múltiples, en maxilar y mandibular, de las cuatro clases de Miller, debido a su extensa evidencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron treinta y cuatro publicaciones y se extrajeron datos sobre el resultado de las técnicas quirúrgicas de dieciocho artículos. La evaluación clínica analizó la cantidad de cobertura radicular completa, la reducción de la recesión y la ganancia de altura y volumen, mientras que la perspectiva del paciente se expresó en términos de satisfacción estética y posibles complicaciones postoperatorias. Los procedimientos de los últimos diez años mostraron mejores resultados en todos los factores mencionados anteriormente. Conclusión: La predictibilidad y la estabilidad del tratamiento a largo plazo representan los factores que guían el proceso de elección de la técnica y que añaden valor a los procedimientos más actualizados. Se observaron progresos tanto a nivel estético, al reducir las discrepancias entre el área intervenida y el tejido circundante, como a nivel postoperatorio, al aminorar las molestias del paciente. Los desafíos propios de esta rama pronto podrían encontrar respuesta gracias a su rápida evolución, la cual permite concebir más avances.

ABSTRACT Background: Along the years, a remarkable variety of periodontal surgical protocols has been proposed, the focus of which has shifted from the mere resolution of a soft tissue defect to the performance of predictable and minimally invasive procedures. Initially, the free gingival graft was used. Subsequently, many different techniques were experimented, including those using soft tissue substitutes, such as the Alloderm membrane. Nowadays, the association of the connective tissue graft with the coronally advanced flap is considered the gold standard. Finally, the Pinhole technique, being a more conservative method in terms of tissue preservation and aesthetic outcome, was proposed. Objectives: The aim of this review was the comparison of the updated techniques for the treatment of multiple periodontal recessions, affecting both maxilla and mandible. The procedure outcome was assessed in terms of complete root coverage, recession reduction, gain in height and volume, aesthetic outcome, patient’s post-operative pain and morbidity of donor and recipient sites. Material and methods: Electronic and hand searches were performed to collect split- mouth studies, randomized controlled clinical trials, case series, pilot studies, periodontal books, case studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, including maxillary and mandibular multiple gingival recession defects of all four Miller’s classes, for its extensive evidence. Results: Thirty-four publications were included and data regarding the surgical techniques outcome were extracted from eighteen articles. The clinical evaluation analyzed the amount of complete root coverage, recession reduction and gain in height and volume, while the patient’s perspective was expressed in terms of aesthetic satisfaction and possible postoperative complications. Procedures in the last ten years showed better results in all the above-mentioned factors. Conclusion: Procedural predictability and long-lasting treatment stability embody the factors driving the technique election process and adding value to more updated procedures. Progress was observed both at an aesthetic level, by reducing the discrepancias between the surgical region and the surrounding tissue, and at a postoperative level, by reducing patient discomfort. The challenges inherent to this branch could soon find answers thanks to its prompt evolution, which allows for further advances to be conceived.

Abstract The hotel industry faces a series of challenges and crisis situations that can have significant repercussions on its operations, profitability, and reputation. From natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes to economic crises and public health situations like pandemics, these contingencies can cause significant disruptions in hotel operations and affect guest demand. It is essential to understand how crises impact hotel facilities and what measures can be taken to mitigate negative effects and achieve a rapid recovery. The main objective of this research is to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on the Brisas Guardalavaca hotel through a procedure that collects and analyzes relevant data to evaluate the direct and indirect impacts of the crisis on the hotel and identify its main strengths and weaknesses in this regard. Indeed, the results indicate a negative impact caused by the pandemic and identify areas for implementing improvement actions.

Resumen La industria hotelera se enfrenta a una serie de desafíos y situaciones de crisis que pueden tener repercusiones significativas en su funcionamiento, rentabilidad y reputación. Desde desastres naturales como terremotos y huracanes, hasta crisis económicas y situaciones de salud pública como pandemias, estas contingencias pueden causar interrupciones significativas en las operaciones hoteleras y afectar la demanda de los huéspedes. Es esencial comprender cómo las crisis impactan a las instalaciones hoteleras y qué medidas se pueden tomar para mitigar los efectos negativos y lograr una rápida recuperación. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es evaluar los impactos provocados por la crisis del COVID-19 en el hotel Brisas Guardalavaca a través de un procedimiento que recopila y analiza datos relevantes para evaluar los impactos directos e indirectos de la crisis en el hotel e identificar las principales fortalezas y debilidades de la instalación en este sentido. Precisamente, los resultados arrojan un impacto negativo provocado por la pandemia e identifica áreas para la implementación de acciones de mejora.

RESUMEN Introducción: A lo largo de los años se ha propuesto una notable variedad de protocolos quirúrgicos periodontales, cuyo enfoque pasó de la simple resolución de defectos de tejidos blandos a la realización de procedimientos predecibles y mínimamente invasivos. Inicialmente se usaba el injerto gingival libre. Posteriormente se han probado diversas técnicas, incluidas aquellas con sustitutos de tejidos blandos, como membranas tipo Alloderm. Hoy en día se considera el gold standard el injerto de tejido conectivo subepitelial asociado al colgajo de avance coronal. Por último, se ha examinado la técnica Pinhole, con mayor preservación de tejido y resultado más estético. Objetivos: El objetivo de esta revisión fue la comparación de técnicas actualizadas para el tratamiento de recesiones múltiples en maxilar superior e inferior. El resultado del procedimiento se evaluó en términos de cobertura radicular completa, reducción de la recesión, ganancia en altura y volumen, resultado estético, dolor postoperatorio y morbilidad del lecho donante y receptor del paciente. Material y métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas y manuales para recopilar estudios de boca dividida, ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorios, series de casos, estudios piloto, libros de periodoncia, estudios de casos, revisiones sistemáticas y metanálisis, incluyendo los defectos de recesiónes gingivales múltiples, en maxilar y mandibular, de las cuatro clases de Miller, debido a su extensa evidencia. Resultados: Se incluyeron treinta y cuatro publicaciones y se extrajeron datos sobre el resultado de las técnicas quirúrgicas de dieciocho artículos. La evaluación clínica analizó la cantidad de cobertura radicular completa, la reducción de la recesión y la ganancia de altura y volumen, mientras que la perspectiva del paciente se expresó en términos de satisfacción estética y posibles complicaciones postoperatorias. Los procedimientos de los últimos diez años mostraron mejores resultados en todos los factores mencionados anteriormente. Conclusión: La predictibilidad y la estabilidad del tratamiento a largo plazo representan los factores que guían el proceso de elección de la técnica y que añaden valor a los procedimientos más actualizados. Se observaron progresos tanto a nivel estético, al reducir las discrepancias entre el área intervenida y el tejido circundante, como a nivel postoperatorio, al aminorar las molestias del paciente. Los desafíos propios de esta rama pronto podrían encontrar respuesta gracias a su rápida evolución, la cual permite concebir más avances.

ABSTRACT Background: Along the years, a remarkable variety of periodontal surgical protocols has been proposed, the focus of which has shifted from the mere resolution of a soft tissue defect to the performance of predictable and minimally invasive procedures. Initially, the free gingival graft was used. Subsequently, many different techniques were experimented, including those using soft tissue substitutes, such as the Alloderm membrane. Nowadays, the association of the connective tissue graft with the coronally advanced flap is considered the gold standard. Finally, the Pinhole technique, being a more conservative method in terms of tissue preservation and aesthetic outcome, was proposed. Objectives: The aim of this review was the comparison of the updated techniques for the treatment of multiple periodontal recessions, affecting both maxilla and mandible. The procedure outcome was assessed in terms of complete root coverage, recession reduction, gain in height and volume, aesthetic outcome, patient’s post-operative pain and morbidity of donor and recipient sites. Material and methods: Electronic and hand searches were performed to collect split- mouth studies, randomized controlled clinical trials, case series, pilot studies, periodontal books, case studies, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, including maxillary and mandibular multiple gingival recession defects of all four Miller’s classes, for its extensive evidence. Results: Thirty-four publications were included and data regarding the surgical techniques outcome were extracted from eighteen articles. The clinical evaluation analyzed the amount of complete root coverage, recession reduction and gain in height and volume, while the patient’s perspective was expressed in terms of aesthetic satisfaction and possible postoperative complications. Procedures in the last ten years showed better results in all the above-mentioned factors. Conclusion: Procedural predictability and long-lasting treatment stability embody the factors driving the technique election process and adding value to more updated procedures. Progress was observed both at an aesthetic level, by reducing the discrepancias between the surgical region and the surrounding tissue, and at a postoperative level, by reducing patient discomfort. The challenges inherent to this branch could soon find answers thanks to its prompt evolution, which allows for further advances to be conceived.

RESUMEN Hibiscus cannabinus L. es una especie anual cultivada por sus fibras. Se profundizó la descripción morfológica de las semillas de los cultivares 'Endora' y 'Tainung 1', se adecuó y ajustó un procedimiento de prueba de tetrazolio y se clasificaron los embriones según su viabilidad y vigor. En la coloración y ornamentación de las semillas participan células de las capas del episperma. Se identificaron la tapa de imbibición y el istmo y se analizó su función. Se reconocieron lípidos y proteínas en el mesofilo de los cotiledones y la ausencia de aréolas en la epidermis. Mediante la prueba de tetrazolio se establecieron patrones de tinción para clasificar las semillas según su viabilidad. Ambos cultivares presentaron valores de viabilidad aceptables. La prueba de germinación respaldó la metodología propuesta para tetrazolio. Se realizan aportes novedosos sobre la morfología de las semillas y se proponen relaciones estructura-función para el ingreso de agua. Las semillas de ambos cultivares comparten características morfológicas fundamentales para establecer los criterios de evaluación en la prueba bioquímica de tetrazolio. La adaptación del protocolo de la prueba de viabilidad por tetrazolio permitió la clasificación de las semillas como viables en tres categorías (vigor alto, medio y bajo) y no viables.

ABSTRACT Hibiscus cannabinus L. is an annual species cultivated for its fibers. The morphological description of the seeds of the cultivars 'Endora' and 'Tainung 1' was broadened, a tetrazolium test procedure was adapted and adjusted, and the embryos were classified according to their viability and vigor. Cells from the seed coat layers participate in the seed coloration and ornamentation. The imbibition cap and the isthmus were identified, and their function was analyzed. Lipids and proteins were recognized in the mesophyll of cotyledons and the absence of areoles in the epidermis. Using the tetrazolium test, staining patterns were established to classify the seeds according to their viability. Both cultivars presented acceptable viability values. The germination test supported the proposed methodology for tetrazolium. Novel contributions are made to seed morphology, and structure-function relationships for water intake are proposed. The seeds of both cultivars share the morphological characteristics that are fundamental to the establishment of evaluation criteria in the tetrazolium biochemical test. The adapted tetrazolium viability test protocol allowed the seeds classification as either viable into three categories (high, medium, and low vigor) and non-viable seeds.

Abstract: The measurement of isometric muscle torque with hand-held dynamometry is a technique little studied in the pediatric setting for the evaluation of maximal isometric muscle strength. Objective: to determine the reliability of hand-held dynamometry to obtain the maximal isometric torque of upper and lower limb muscle groups in Chilean children and adolescents. Patients and Methods: Crosssectional study. Seventy-two participants aged between 7 and 15 years were selected from a school in Talca. Maximal isometric torque was recorded in 15 muscle groups of upper and lower limbs through hand-held dynamometry. Intra- and inter-rater evaluation was used, applying the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to determine the reliability of the tests and Bland-Altman plots to evaluate concordance. Results: The results demonstrated good to excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.850.98) and intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.87-0.98). Only two groups, hip extensors and abductors, showed good inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.85 and ICC = 0.88, respectively); and one group, the ankle dorsiflexors, showed good intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.87). 100% of the tests presented at least 95.8% inter- and intra-rater agreement on the Bland-Altman plots. Conclusion: The evaluation of isometric muscle torque using hand-held dynamometry is a reliable procedure for use in different growth periods.

Resumen: La medición del torque muscular isométrico con dinamometría de mantención manual es una técnica poco estudiada en el ámbito pediátrico para la evaluación de la fuerza muscular isométrica máxima. Objetivo: determinar la confiabilidad de la dinamometría de mantención manual para obtener el torque isométrico máximo de grupos musculares de miembro superior e inferior de niñas, niños, y adolescentes chilenos. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de corte transversal. Setenta y dos participantes entre 7 y 15 años fueron seleccionados de un colegio de la ciudad de Talca. El torque isométrico máximo fue obtenido en 15 grupos musculares de miembro superior e inferior mediante dinamometría de mantención manual. Se utilizó evaluación intra-evaluador e inter-evaluador, aplicando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC, en inglés) para determinar la confiabilidad de las pruebas y gráficos de Bland-Altman para evaluar la concordancia. Resultados: Los resultados demostraron una buena a excelente confiabilidad inter-evaluador (ICC = 0,85-0,98) e intra-evaluador (ICC = 0,87-0,98). Sólo dos grupos, extensores y abductores de cadera, revelaron una buena confiabilidad inter-evaluador (ICC = 0,85 y ICC = 0,88, respectivamente); y un grupo, los dorsiflexores de tobillo, mostraron una buena confiabilidad intra-evaluador (ICC = 0,87). El 100% de las pruebas presentó al menos un 95,8% de concordancia inter-evaluador e intra-evaluador en los gráficos de Bland-Altman. Conclusiones: La evaluación del torque muscular isométrico con di- namometría de mantención manual es un procedimiento confiable para su utilización en distintos periodos de crecimiento.

Abstract Background: Parkinson’s disease is poorly studied in Colombia. It is pharmacologically managed, but for refractory cases, surgery is a therapeutic option, positively impacting on quality of life. Objective: To determine the impact of deep brain stimulation as management in the control of progression in patients with Parkinson’s disease attended our institution between the years 2014 to 2020. Method: Descriptive retrospective study, with patients collected between 2014 and 2020 undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. The MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) was applied in the pre- and postoperative period, and the results were compared. Results: 21 patients were included and the UPDRS was applied, finding a decrease in scores in the postoperative period. One patient had an operative site infection. Conclusions: There was an improvement in the MDS-UPDRS score, with a low rate of complications. The procedure time was prolonged from the preoperative evaluation. Deep brain stimulation is the management of choice for refractory Parkinson’s disease. The patients in this series showed improvement in their symptoms. Unfortunately, there are limitations to perform this procedure in Colombia, such as the delay in the authorization of the procedure.

Resumen Antecedentes: La enfermedad de Parkinson está poco estudiada en Colombia. Es de manejo farmacológico, pero para casos refractarios la cirugía es una opción terapéutica que impacta positivamente en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de la estimulación cerebral profunda como manejo en el control de la progresión en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson atendidos nuestra institución entre los años 2014 a 2020. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte retrospectivo con pacientes recolectados entre los años 2014 y 2020 sometidos a cirugía de estimulación cerebral profunda. Se aplicó la MDS-UPDRS (Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale) en el pre- y el posoperatorio, y se compararon los resultados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 21 pacientes y se les aplicó la MDS-UPDRS, encontrando una disminución en las puntuaciones en el posoperatorio. Un paciente presentó infección del sitio operatorio. Conclusiones: Hubo mejoría en la puntuación de la MDS-UPDRS, con baja tasa de complicaciones. El tiempo de realización del procedimiento fue prolongado desde la valoración preoperatoria. La estimulación cerebral profunda es el manejo de elección para la enfermedad de Parkinson refractaria. Los pacientes de esta serie mostraron mejoría en sus síntomas. Desafortunadamente, existen limitaciones para la realización de este procedimiento en Colombia, como el retraso en la autorización del procedimiento.

RESUMEN La autopsia es reconocida como un procedimiento médico de gran utilidad y beneficio social. Para lograr estos beneficios y la probada importancia de la autopsia es imprescindible, no solo realizarla, sino garantizar la más elevada calidad posible en su ejecución. Este trabajo está dirigido a exponer los principales aspectos e importancia de los logros académicos, asistenciales, investigativos y administrativos relacionados con la autopsia, a través del sistema de reuniones, que permiten trazar el camino para el logro de este objetivo. En la metodología establecida para la realización de las autopsias, se establecen pautas fundamentales para alcanzar una óptima calidad en su utilidad. Si los resultados solo se archivan, no se logra el objetivo propuesto: el máximo aprovechamiento de la autopsia. En Cuba se realizan 4 tipos de reuniones: las llamadas “piezas frescas”, el reparo del certificado de defunción, las clínico-patológicas y las del comité de evaluación de fallecidos o de mortalidad. La realización de autopsias con la óptima calidad, facilita importantes logros académicos, asistenciales, investigativos e incluso administrativos, a través del sistema de reuniones que enriquecen, en las instituciones médicas, los resultados en la calidad de la asistencia brindada, los aportes a la docencia de pregrado y posgrado, y fortalecen líneas de investigación en función de disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad de la población.

ABSTRACT The autopsy is recognized as a medical procedure of great usefulness and social benefit. To achieve these benefits and the proven importance of the autopsy, it is essential not only to perform it, but also to guarantee the highest possible quality in its execution. This work is aimed at exposing the main aspects and importance of the academic, healthcare, investigative and administrative achievements related to the autopsy, through the system of meetings, which allow charting the path to achieving this objective. In the methodology established for performing autopsies, fundamental guidelines are established to achieve optimal quality in their usefulness. If the results are only archived, the proposed objective is not achieved: maximum use of the autopsy. In Cuba, 4 types of meetings are held: the so-called “fresh pieces”, the review of the death certificate, the clinical-pathological meetings and those of the committee for the evaluation of deceased or mortality. Carrying out autopsies with optimal quality facilitates important academic, healthcare, investigative and even administrative achievements, through the system of meetings that enrich, in medical institutions, the results in the quality of the assistance provided, the contributions to teaching. undergraduate and postgraduate, and strengthen lines of research in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the population.