Resumo A influência dos média sociais no campo do jornalismo, hoje incontornável, manifesta-se em várias vertentes, criando desafios que não podem ser ignorados pelos profissionais. Enquanto fontes, estão a ser cada vez mais utilizados, contribuindo para a emergência de novas dinâmicas de produção noticiosa, em particular na cobertura de acontecimentos em continuidade, nos quais impera a velocidade de transmissão e o imediatismo constitui um valor em si mesmo, incentivando a extração de conteúdos disponíveis na internet, sem tempo para escrutínio. Neste artigo, o fenómeno é enquadrado numa perspetiva ética. Através da análise de 32 códigos deontológicos - e instrumentos semelhantes - que incorporam esta realidade em partes específicas foram identificados valores e princípios jornalísticos neles inscritos acerca das modalidades de recolha de informação, sobretudo em redes sociais digitais. A exigência de verificação e validação do material e de identificação da fonte, procedimentos tradicionais, é predominante, atentos os potenciais riscos para o rigor de uma narrativa jornalística. Também é detetada, na maioria dos códigos integrados no corpus, a preocupação de acautelar o dano na esfera privada de cidadãos, eventualmente decorrente da difusão de material. Não se trata apenas de proteger a privacidade, em geral, mas de ponderar questões de grande sensibilidade a ela associáveis: a vulnerabilidade e dor em que possam encontrar-se os autores das postagens e a presença nas redes de vítimas ou cidadãos menores de idade.

Abstract The inescapable influence of social media on journalism has introduced a multitude of challenges that professionals in the field cannot afford to overlook. Increasingly used as sources, social media platforms contribute significantly to the evolution of new dynamics in news production. This is particularly evident in the coverage of unfolding events, prioritising speed of transmission and immediacy as inherent values. This emphasis often encourages the rapid extraction of content available on the internet, leaving minimal time for thorough scrutiny. This article delves into the phenomenon from an ethical standpoint. Through an analysis of 32 codes of ethics - and analogous instruments - that specifically address this evolving reality, it identifies journalistic values and principles concerning information-gathering methods, especially pertaining to digital social networks. The primary emphasis remains on the requirement to verify and validate the material while identifying sources following traditional procedures, given the potential risks to the integrity of journalistic narratives. Most codes in the corpus also prioritise safeguarding citizens’ private sphere, possibly stemming from the dissemination of material. This concern extends beyond general privacy protection, encompassing the highly sensitive issues associated with it: the vulnerability and emotional distress experienced by authors of social media posts and the presence of victims or minors on social networks.

Resumen Introducción: En este artículo se parte de la perspectiva que afirma que el cuidado es más que una tarea y alude a modos de vinculación de cada persona consigo misma, con las demás y con los ecosistemas. De este modo, se abona el supuesto de que todas las personas tienen saberes sobre el cuidado y pueden cuidar. Objetivo principal: Analizar las percepciones en torno al cuidado que presentan las personas con discapacidad intelectual adultas que asisten a un centro de día de la región centro de Argentina, a partir de sus propias vivencias y significaciones. Método: El estudio se enmarca en el paradigma cualitativo, desde el enfoque de la grounded theory. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de 10 entrevistas en profundidad y 2 círculos de conversación reflexiva (focus group) desarrollados entre los meses de febrero y mayo del año 2022, con 10 personas adultas de diferentes géneros y edades que asisten a un centro de día dedicado a su inclusión social y laboral. Resultados y conclusión: Se evidencian múltiples percepciones en torno al cuidado: como ayuda ante tareas de la vida cotidiana, prácticas ligadas al control, vínculos fundamentados en la reciprocidad. Las personas entrevistadas se reconocen agenciando diferentes prácticas de cuidado. El artículo concluye que las percepciones de las personas que formaron parte de este estudio, son discordantes respecto a la literatura predominante en torno al tema, la cual solo considera el rol de las personas con discapacidad como receptoras de cuidado. Asimismo, presentan percepciones que asimilan, así como también diferencian, las prácticas de control respecto del cuidado. Estas consideraciones convocan a abordajes complejos del tema, que permitan identificar la agencia y la recepción del cuidado en los vínculos más allá de los roles existentes.

Abstract Introduction: This article starts from the perspective that affirms that care is more than a task and alludes to ways of linking each person with himself, with others and with ecosystems. In this way, the assumption that all people have knowledge about care and can care is supported. Main goal: To analyze the perceptions about the care presented by adults with intellectual disabilities who attend a day center in the central region of Argentina, based on their own experiences and meanings. Method and technique: The study is framed in the qualitative paradigm, from the Grounded Theory approach. This article presents the results of 10 in-depth interviews and 2 reflective conversation circles (focus groups) developed between the months of February and May 2022, with 10 adults of different genders and ages who attend a day center, dedicated to their social and labor inclusion. Results and conclusion: Multiple perceptions about care are evident: as help with tasks of daily life, practices linked to control, relations based on reciprocity. People with intellectual disabilities are recognized by executing different care practices. The article concludes that the perceptions of the people who were part of this study are discordant with respect to the mostly current literature on the subject, which only considers their role as recipients of care. Likewise, they present perceptions that assimilate, as well as differentiate, control practices regarding care. These considerations call us to complex approaches to the subject, which allow us to identify the agency and the reception of care in the links beyond the existing roles.

Abstract Political institutions such as the European Commission and the Government of Spain have expressed their interest and willingness to lay the foundations for ethical governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI). In particular, they have proposed the promotion of reliable Artificial Intelligence through a set of guidelines and strategies. Despite the benefit provided by these political initiatives, it is not possible to fully appreciate a specific educational strategy that contributes to the generation of an ethical AI ecosystem based on trust. In this sense, the main objective of this work is to demonstrate that the teaching of applied ethics in engineering studies constitutes a commitment to professional strengthening, ethical governance and responsible research and innovation. To achieve this objective, first of all, some of the essential aspects that give significant value to the teaching of applied ethics will be detailed, highlighting the social responsibility that universities present in this field. Secondly, a classification of ethics subjects related to engineering in the environment of Spanish public universities will be shown. And, thirdly, a theoretical framework rooted in discursive ethics will be offered, promoting a civic perspective in the educational context of the professions.

Resumen Instituciones políticas como la Comisión Europea y el Gobierno de España han manifestado su interés y predisposición para sentar las bases de una gobernanza ética de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA). En particular, han planteado el impulso de una Inteligencia Artificial confiable a través de un conjunto de directrices y estrategias. A pesar del beneficio que reportan estas iniciativas políticas, no es posible apreciar en su conjunto una estrategia educativa específica que contribuya a la generación de un ecosistema ético de IA fundamentado en la confianza. En ese sentido, el objetivo principal de este trabajo consiste en explicar que la enseñanza de la ética aplicada en los estudios de ingeniería constituye una apuesta para el fortalecimiento profesional, la gobernanza ética y una investigación e innovación responsables. Para alcanzar este objetivo, en primer lugar, serán detallados algunos de los aspectos esenciales que dotan de un valor significativo a la enseñanza de la ética aplicada, subrayando la responsabilidad social que presentan las universidades en este terreno. En segundo lugar, se mostrará una clasificación de las asignaturas de ética relacionadas con la ingeniería en el entorno de las universidades públicas españolas. Y, en tercer lugar, se ofrecerá un marco teórico enraizado en la ética discursiva, promoviendo una mirada cívica en el contexto educativo de las profesiones.

Resumo: A pandemia da COVID-19 gerou uma crise global que colocou sob tensão diferentes níveis da existência humana. No campo da saúde, o modelo biomédico hegemônico prevaleceu nas formas de explicar e oferecer soluções; no entanto, essa perspectiva biologicista mostrou-se insuficiente, o que instigou perguntas e reflexões sobre a dimensão sócio-histórica e situada dos corpos, e colocou em xeque as formas de produção capitalista em seus vínculos com os seres vivos. Neste artigo, realiza-se uma revisão crítica do modelo biomédico para, posteriormente, dialogar a partir das contribuições de outros campos do conhecimento no que se refere a outras formas de pensar os corpos, a partir dos corpos e de sua relação com os seres vivos. Considera-se que, a partir de uma compreensão densa e vitalista do conceito de saúde, e incorporando algumas visões do cuidado e de debates feminista, é possível construir outras tramas para pensar a comunicação nesse campo

Resumen: La pandemia de COVID-19 generó una crisis mundial que puso en tensión distintos planos de la existencia humana. En el plano de la salud, el modelo biomédico hegemónico imperó en los modos de explicar y ofrecer soluciones; sin embargo, su mirada biologicista resultó insuficiente, lo cual habilitó preguntas y reflexiones sobre la dimensión sociohistórica y situada de los cuerpos y puso en tela de juicio las formas de producción capitalista en sus vínculos con lo viviente. En este artículo se realiza una revisión crítica del modelo biomédico para, luego, dialogar desde los aportes de otros campos de conocimiento en lo que respecta a otros modos de pensar los cuerpos, desde los cuerpos y su relación con lo viviente. Se considera que, desde una comprensión densa y vitalista del concepto de salud, e incorporando algunas miradas desde el cuidado y debates feministas, se pueden construir otras tramas para pensar la comunicación en este campo

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic generated a global crisis that brought various aspects of human existence into tension. In the field of health, the hegemonic biomedical model prevailed in explaining and offering solutions. However, its biologistic perspective proved insufficient, prompting questions and reflections on the sociohistorical and situated dimension of bodies and challenging capitalist modes of production in their relationship with the living. This article undertakes a critical review of the biomedical model and then engages in dialogue with contributions from other fields of knowledge regarding alternative ways of conceptualizing bodies, from bodies themselves and their relationship with the living. It is argued that, through a dense and vitalist understanding of the concept of health, and by incorporating insights from care perspectives and feminist debates, alternative frameworks can be constructed for thinking about communication in this field

ABSTRACT The ethical complexity in sports practice has diverse perspectives that generate dilemmas when applying universal principles, in a competitive environment in constant evolution and with technological, social and cultural advances necessary, to establish a coherent and applicable ethical framework in the field of sports. The objective of this research was to analyze the ethical-sports perspectives and approaches present in bioethics applied to sports practice, in order to understand the emerging ethical dilemmas and current trends in this field. The research was theoretical, through a documentary review, in which the steps of searching and selecting scientific articles were followed; validated information was extracted from academic databases, the findings were systematically organized and finally a narrative synthesis was carried out. The diversity of ethical-sports approaches highlights the constant need to balance competitiveness with fundamental values, of how sport faces dilemmas that require a balance between the pursuit of sporting excellence and respect for integrity, equity and diversity; which challenges all actors to promote a more inclusive sports environment. It was concluded that sport evaluates multiple dimensions, including deontological ethics, equity for athletes and virtue; the importance of regulations to protect integrity, promote an ethical environment and address challenges in emerging sports competition and technology was highlighted.

RESUMEN La complejidad ética en la práctica deportiva tiene diversas perspectivas que generan dilemas al aplicar principios universales, en un entorno competitivo en constante evolución y con avances tecnológicos, sociales y culturales necesarios, para establecer un marco ético coherente y aplicable en el ámbito del deporte. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en analizar las perspectivas y enfoques éticos-deportivos presentes en la bioética aplicada a la práctica deportiva, con el fin de comprender los dilemas éticos emergentes y las tendencias actuales en este campo. La investigación fue de tipo teórica, a través de una revisión documental, en la que se siguieron los pasos de búsqueda y selección de artículos científicos; se extrajo información validada de bases de datos académicos, se organizaron sistemáticamente los hallazgos y finalmente se realizó una síntesis narrativa. La diversidad de enfoques ético-deportivos subraya la necesidad constante de equilibrar la competitividad con los valores fundamentales, de cómo el deporte enfrenta dilemas que requieren un equilibrio entre la búsqueda de la excelencia deportiva y el respeto por la integridad, equidad y diversidad; lo que desafía, a todos los actores, a promover un entorno deportivo más inclusivo. Se concluyó que el deporte evalúa múltiples dimensiones, incluidos la ética deontológica, la equidad para atletas y la virtud; se destacó la importancia de normativas para proteger la integridad, promover un ambiente ético y abordar los desafíos, en la competencia y tecnología deportivas emergentes.

RESUMO A complexidade ética na prática do esporte tem diversas perspectivas que geram dilemas ao aplicar princípios universais, em um ambiente competitivo em constante evolução e com os avanços tecnológicos, sociais e culturais necessários para estabelecer uma estrutura ética coerente e aplicável no campo do esporte. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as perspectivas e abordagens ético-esportivas presentes na bioética aplicada ao esporte, a fim de compreender os dilemas éticos emergentes e as tendências atuais nesse campo. A pesquisa foi de natureza teórica, por meio de uma revisão documental, na qual foram seguidas as etapas de busca e seleção de artigos científicos; informações validadas foram extraídas de bancos de dados acadêmicos, as descobertas foram sistematicamente organizadas e, por fim, foi realizada uma síntese narrativa. A diversidade de abordagens éticas no esporte destaca a necessidade constante de equilibrar a competitividade com os valores fundamentais, como o esporte enfrenta dilemas que exigem um equilíbrio entre a busca da excelência esportiva e o respeito à integridade, equidade e diversidade, e desafia todos os atores a promover um ambiente esportivo mais inclusivo. Concluiu-se que o esporte avalia várias dimensões, inclusive a ética deontológica, a equidade para os atletas e a virtude; destacou-se a importância das regulamentações para proteger a integridade, promover um ambiente ético e enfrentar os desafios das competições e tecnologias esportivas emergentes.

RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia del COVID-19 alteró la vida de la población infantil. Según UNICEF, 1 de cada 7 niños se ha visto directamente afectado por los confinamientos en todo el mundo. Objetivo: Describir las características de la consulta y los diagnósticos de los pacientes que acudieron al departamento de salud mental del Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu, durante la pandemia COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron a los pacientes que acudieron al Departamento de Salud Mental del Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu con diagnósticos psicopatológicos durante la pandemia COVID-19 en el periodo de marzo 2020 a marzo 2021. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, procedencia, áreas de reclutamiento, tipo de consulta, modalidad de consulta, motivo de evaluación en salud mental, diagnóstico, tratamiento, hospitalización. Los datos se analizaron en IBM SPSS v.21 (demo) utilizando estadística descriptiva. El protocolo fue aprobado por el comité de ética. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 130 participantes, la mediana de edad fue de 13.5 años. El 81.5% procedían del Departamento Central y el 53.8% eran de sexo femenino. El 87.7% eran pacientes en seguimiento y el 69.2% realizaron la consulta de manera presencial. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron, la depresión en un 51.5% y la negligencia o abandono en 27.7%. Se observó asociación de diagnósticos en 58.1%. El 70.8% requirió tratamiento y 10.8% requirió internación. Conclusión: Consultaron con mayor frecuencia adolescentes de sexo femenino. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue la depresión, acompañados de antecedentes de abuso sexual y/o de negligencia o abandono.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic altered the lives of the children's population. According to UNICEF, 1 in 7 children has been directly affected by lockdowns around the world. Objective: Describe the characteristics of the consultation and the diagnoses of the patients who attended the Mental Health Department of the Children General Pediatric Hospital “Acosta Ñu”, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study that included those patients who attended the Mental Health Department of the Children Pediatric Hospital “Acosta Ñu” with psychopathological diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in the period from March 2020 to March 2021. The variables were: age, sex, origin, recruitment areas, type of consultation, mode of consultation, reason for mental health evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, hospitalization. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS v.21 (demo) using descriptive statistics. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee. Results: 130 participants were included with a median age of 13.5 years. 81.5% came from the Central Department and 53.8% were female. 87.7% were patients in follow-up and 69.2% had the consultation in person. The most frequent diagnoses were depression in 51.5% and neglect or abandonment in 27.7%. Association of diagnoses was observed in 58.1%. 70.8% required treatment and 10.8% required hospitalization. Conclusion: Female adolescents consulted more frequently. The most frequent diagnosis was depression, accompanied by a history of sexual abuse or neglect or abandonment.

This article reports on the rigour of a selection process for master's degree programmes in clinical and counselling psychology at an undisclosed university in South Africa over a six-year period (n=81). This was achieved by completing correlation and regression analyses between the six selection activities, the six course modules, and the course average in the student's M1 year. Results showed significant positive regressions between the metaphors activity, child psychopathology, and theory of psychological interventions modules, between the research task and neuropsychology, between the psychopharmacology and psychopathology modules, and between the problem-solving activity and the course average. The case study activity negatively predicted the ethics and practical work and applied and community psychology modules. The conclusion was that the selection process can be considered valid, as the skills assessed for most of the selection activities positively correlated and predicted the skills required to succeed both academically in the M1 year and as a practising psychologist. However, the case study activity required further investigation, as the skills that are purportedly assessed should correlate and positively predict the ethics and practical work module, which was not the case. Future studies should also investigate the usefulness of interviews during this process.

Resumo Introdução: O enfermeiro especialista na pessoa idosa é fundamental no acompanhamento sistemático da saúde desta população. O desenvolvimento de uma Consulta de Enfermagem (CE) estruturada à Pessoa Idosa (PI) que permita uma avaliação multidimensional para identificação das principais Síndromes Geriátricas (SG) é essencial, pelo que a Unidade de Saúde Familiar X (USFX) desenvolveu um projeto com o objetivo de implementar um guião de CE de avaliação multidimensional da PI de forma resumida, tendo por base o preconizado pela OMS para prevenir as SG e promover um envelhecimento ativo e saudável. Métodos: Investigação-ação-formação em cinco fases: diagnóstico da situação, planeamento, implementação, avaliação e divulgação de resultados. Para além de ações de partilha da informação e discussão, com base na literatura, foi construído um guião de consulta para estruturar as intervenções de enfermagem, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas aos 5 enfermeiros da USFX. Na implementação da CE os participantes foram 48 PI, inscritos para consulta especializada e presencial na USFX, após consentimento informado. Este projeto obteve o parecer positivo da Comissão de Ética nº157/CES/INV/2019.Resultados: O guião da CE especializada à PI foi desenvolvido com base no modelo de parceria para promoção do Cuidado-de-Si e o preconizado pela OMS. Através do mesmo foi possível identificar que 8% das PI tinham défice de memória; 25% risco de queda; 10% apresentaram diminuição da capacidade funcional; 23% depressão; 19% síndrome da fragilidade; 6% incontinência urinária; 4% anorexia e 27% das PI avaliadas apresentavam mais que uma SG associada. Conclusão: A metodologia de investigação-ação-formação contribuiu para promover a reflexão acerca da importância da realização da CE sistematizada e para a construção de um guião que direciona a intervenção do enfermeiro, suportada num Modelo, o que se torna numa estratégia eficaz na identificação e avaliação precoce das principais SG em tempo reduzido e incentiva a promoção do Cuidado-de-Si.

Abstract Introduction: A specialist nurse in the elderly is fundamental in the systematic monitoring of the health of the elderly population (EP). The development of a structured Nursing Consultation (NC) for the elderly that allows a multidimensional assessment to identify the main Geriatric Syndromes (GS) is essential, therefore the Health Care Center X (USFX) integrated in the Nursing Centers project “Age-Friendly Education and Health Institutions”, in partnership with ESEL, developed a project with the objective of implementing a NC guide for the multidimensional evaluation of EP in a summarized way, based on what is recommended by the WHO to identify the real problems/needs of the EP, to prevent GS and to promote active and healthy aging. Methods: Research-action-training in five phases: diagnosis of the situation, planning, implementation, evaluation, and disclosure of results. Data collection instruments: consultation guide to structure nursing interventions. To create it, interviews were carried out with the nurses and content analysis made, in addition to information sharing actions and discussion based on the literature. In the implementation of the NC, the participants were aged 65 or over, enrolled for consultation at the USFX, without cognitive impairment or communication deficit, after informed consent. 48 face-to-face NC specialist were carried out. This project obtained the positive opinion of the Ethics Commission nº 157/CES/INV/2019. Results: The guide used at the NC specialized in elderly was developed based on a theoretical model of nursing to promote of Care-of-the-Self (Gomes, 2021) and recommended by the WHO (2008). Through the use of the script in the NC it was possible to identify that 8% of the older people had memory deficit; 25% risk of falling; 10% had a decrease in functional capacity; 23% depression; 19% frailty syndrome; 6% urinary incontinence; 4% anorexia and 27% of older people evaluated had more than one associated GS. Conclusion: The research-action-training methodology contributed to promote reflection on the importance of carrying out the systematized NC and for the construction of a script that directs the nurse's intervention, supported by a Model, which becomes an effective strategy in the early identification and assessment of the main GS in a short time and encourages the promotion of Care-of-the-Self.

On 6 September 1966, the prime minister of South Africa, Dr HF Verwoerd was killed by Mr Tsafendas, a Portuguese national of Greek descent, in parliament by stabbing him in the chest. Mr Tsafendas was a messenger in parliament. At the enquiry trial of Mr Tsafendas, he was found unfit to stand trial on the ground that he suffered from schizophrenia. The psychiatric evidence during the enquiry trial was reviewed and discussed under the following headings: Diagnosis of schizophrenia; Consideration of cultural factors in forensic psychiatric settings; Delusional infestation v. extreme overvalued beliefs; Simulation of psychosis; Ethical considerations in criminal capacity and trial competency assessments. Lessons from the Mr Tsafendas enquiry trial for forensic psychiatrists where a defendant previously diagnosed with schizophrenia commits a prominent political murder, are summarised. It is emphasised that the personhood of an accused referred for forensic observation should be respected and protected, instead of focusing exclusively on a specific diagnosis.

BACKGROUND. Registrars in specialisation training programmes encounter numerous difficulties in completing the research component of the Master of Medicine degree. Poor patient record-keeping hinders the research process. OBJECTIVES. To investigate current types of medical patient record-keeping systems (electronic v. paper) in training health facilities, and the effect data accessibility has on specialist training and research. METHODS. This was a mixed-methods study that included both descriptive and analytical components. Of 610 postgraduate students enrolled in the University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences Master of Medicine programme, 168 completed a cross-sectional survey to collect data and 11 did follow-up interviews. The survey and interviews explored issues related to medical record-keeping in the participants' department or hospital, emphasising their experiences with data access while conducting research. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and the qualitative data were analysed thematically. Ethical approval was obtained from the institution's Biomedical Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS. Of the 168 participants, 94 (56%) reported that problems with data access hindered their research, while 56 (33%) indicated that data access did not affect their research. Only 30 participants (18%) had no difficulty in obtaining data for their research, while the rest (n=138; 82%) experienced varying degrees of difficulty. A total of 110 participants (65%) indicated that paper-based record-keeping was mainly being used in their department or hospital, while electronic record-keeping was reported by the rest (n=58; 35%). Many (n=125; 74%) expressed the need to improve hospital data management practices, and 39 (23%) reported that plans were being implemented to improve these practices. Participants expressed frustration with regard to accessing data even in departments that used electronic systems, and they raised concerns regarding data security. CONCLUSION. The migration to electronic patient record-keeping has not yet been implemented in many hospitals, with poor patient record-keeping affecting training and research.

Resumo Introdução: A informação sobre faltas às consultas de medicina geral e familiar (MGF) é escassa em Portugal. Objetivos: Estudar os motivos de falta a consultas de MGF em três Unidades de Saúde Familiar no centro de Portugal, em 2022, segundo as variáveis de contexto sexo, grupo etário, índice de Graffar, tempo decorrido desde a marcação e slot horário da consulta. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal no centro de Portugal, realizado após parecer positivo da Comissão de Ética, com recolha, em anonimato, dos dados de utentes com consulta agendada e não realizada de maio a julho de 2022, através de entrevista telefónica efetuada por um médico interno de MGF de cada unidade, no mês de agosto. Após introdução, garantido o anonimato, era questionado há quanto tempo tinha realizado o agendamento e o motivo da falta à consulta. Resultados: Foram contactados 617 utentes que faltaram nos meses de maio a julho de 2022, tendo-se obtido 455 (73,7%) respostas. Os motivos mais frequentes foram esquecimento (27,6%), dificuldades de transporte e problema já solucionado (8,9% para cada) e “julgar o motivo já não merecer consulta” (8,1%). Em função das variáveis de contexto verificou-se diferença significativa para “há quanto tempo tinha marcado a consulta” (p<0,001) e não significativa para sexo (p=0,721), grupo etário (p=0,765), índice de Graffar (p=0,084) e slot horário (p=0,084). O grupo “outros motivos” teve prevalência de 42,8%, revelando diferença não significativa para as variáveis consideradas. Discussão: A compreensão das razões para a falta à consulta agendada implica a verificação das razões pelo utente, permitindo ao prestador adotar atitudes pró-ativas para a resolução do acesso. Conclusão: O esquecimento, as dificuldades de transporte e o problema já ter sido solucionado foram os motivos de falta a consultas mais frequentes na população em estudo.

Abstract Introduction: The scientific information published about the prevalence, characteristics, and motives of patients who miss general practice appointments is rare in Portugal and Europe. Objectives: Investigate the reasons for missing general practice appointments in three primary care health centers according to sex, age, Graffar’s index, the time elapsed since scheduling the appointment, and appointment time slot. Methods: After positive feedback from the Ethics Committee, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Central Portugal. The data from patients who missed appointments between May and July 2022 was collected anonymously through a telephone interview carried out by a general practice resident in August. After a brief introduction, guaranteeing anonymity and consent, patients were asked to answer how long ago the appointment had been scheduled and the reasons for missing it. Results: From May up to July of 2022, 617 patients missed appointments and were contacted, of which only 455 (73.7%) responded. The most frequent reasons for missing appointments were forgetfulness (27.6%), lack of transportation, problems already solved (8.9% for each), and thinking that the problem no longer needed an appointment (8.1%). Significant statistical differences existed between the context variables and how long they scheduled the appointment. There was no statistically significant association with sex (p=0.721), age (p=0.765), Graffar’s index (p=0.084), and appointment time slot (p=0.084). 42,8% reported other reasons, without a significant statistical difference between context variables. Discussion: To understand the reasons for missed appointments we need to know the patient's motives to implement reforms and improve attendance. Conclusions: Forgetfulness, lack of transportation, and the problems already solved were the most frequent reasons for missed appointments in this population.

In view of the current global ecological crisis, characterized by the devastation of the environment, it is essential to carry out critical studies on its origin, structure, and development. The crisis, evidenced by high levels of pollution and an overexploited nature, generates academic reflections. The present study describes the anthropocentric humanist thinking of Karl Marx and the theocentric humanist thinking of the encyclical Laudato Si' with respect to nature. For this purpose, a systematic review of the literature was carried out within the framework of the PRISMA methodology. The record consisted of the review of 250 documents, period 2017–2023, in journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), SciELO, and Latindex, where it was evidenced that the nature presented in Laudato Si' is located in a theological scenario while in Marx's anthropologyin a materialistic scope, highlighting the call made by Pope Francis for a change since the social problem has been transforming into a purely environmental one.

En vista de la actual crisis ecológica mundial, caracterizada por una devastación del ambiente, resulta imprescindible realizar estudios críticos sobre su origen, estructura y desarrollo. La crisis, evidenciada en los altos niveles de contaminación y en una naturaleza explotada con creces, genera reflexiones de tipo académico. El presente estudio describe el pensamiento humanistaantropocéntrico de Karl Marx y el pensamiento humanista teocéntrico de la encíclica Laudato Si’ respecto a la naturaleza. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura enmarcada en la metodología PRISMA. El registro consistió en la revisión de 250 documentos, período 2017-2023 en revistas indexadas en Scopus, Web of Sciencie (WoS), SciELO y Latindex, donde seevidenció que la naturaleza presentada en el Laudato Si’ está localizada en un escenario teológico mientras que en la antropología de Marx en un ámbito materialista; destacándose el llamado hecho por el papa Francisco para que se produzca un cambio, pues el problema social se ha ido transformando en netamente ambiental.

Em vista da atual crise ecológica global, caracterizada pela devastação do meio ambiente, são indispensáveis estudos críticos sobre sua origem, estrutura e desenvolvimento. A crise, evidenciada por altos níveis de poluição e uma natureza superexplorada, gera reflexões acadêmicas. O presente estudo descreve a visão humanista e antropocêntrica do meio ambiente. O presente estudo descreve o pensamento humanista antropocêntrico de Karl Marx e o pensamento humanista teocêntrico da encíclica Laudato Si' com relação à natureza. Para esse fim, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura dentro da estrutura da metodologia PRISMA. O registro consistiu na revisão de 250 documentos, no período de 2017 a 2023, em periódicos indexados na Scopus, Web of Sciencie (WoS), SciELO e Latindex, onde foi Ficou evidente que a natureza apresentada na Laudato Si' está localizada em um cenário teológico, enquanto na antropologia de Marx em uma esfera materialista; destacando o apelo feito pelo Papa Francisco para uma mudança, pois o problema social foi transformado em um problema puramente ambiental.