Abstract Introduction: Various anthropic pressures affect the aquatic ecosystems of the foothills of Colombia. The response to environmental stressors is still unknown in bioindicator organisms such as Leptohyphidae. Objective: To determine the diversity of Leptohyphidae nymphs of the Quenane-Quenanito river, in two contrasting hydrological periods and its relationship with some physicochemical variables. Methods: In December (2014) and February (2015), organisms were collected with a Surber net at six stations along the current. Alpha and beta diversity was analyzed and redundancy analysis and generalized linear model were applied to establish the relationship between taxa and environmental variables. Results: Were identified 369 organisms belonging to four genera (Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Tricorythopsis, and Tricorythodes), two species, and eight morphospecies. Amanahyphes saguassu is reported for the first time for the Meta department. High diversity of Leptohyphidae nymphs was recorded in the transition to drought season and greater abundance in drought. Beta diversity indicated that the configuration of the assemblage changes spatially and temporally. Conclusions: Leptohyphidae organisms prefer fast habitats, particularly in the dry period where they find food (leaf litter, detritus) and shelter to establish themselves successfully; anthropic activities such as urbanization notably affect diversity. The high diversity recorded in this small river in the foothills of the plains reflects the need to increase this type of works and collection efforts of study material in the region.

Resumen Introducción: Varias presiones antrópicas sufren los ecosistemas acuáticos del piedemonte llanero en Colombia. La respuesta a estresores ambientales aún se desconoce en organismos bioindicadores como Leptohyphidae. Objetivo: Determinar la diversidad de ninfas de Leptohyphidae del río Quenane-Quenanito, en dos periodos hidrológicos contrastantes y su relación con algunas variables fisicoquímicas. Métodos: En diciembre (2014) y febrero (2015) se recolectaron organismos con red Surber en seis estaciones a lo largo del río. Se analizó la diversidad alfa y beta y se aplicó análisis de redundancia y modelos lineales generalizados con el fin de establecer la relación entre los taxones y las variables ambientales. Resultados: Se identificaron 369 organismos pertenecientes a cuatro géneros (Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Tricorythopsis y Tricorythodes), dos especies y ocho morfoespecies. Se reporta por primera vez para el departamento del Meta Amanahyphes saguassu. Se registró la mayor diversidad de ninfas en la transición a la sequía y la mayor abundancia en sequía. La diversidad beta señaló que la configuración del ensamblaje cambia a nivel espacial y temporal. Conclusiones: Los organismos de Leptohyphidae prefieren hábitats de corrientes, particularmente en el periodo de sequía, donde hallan alimento (hojarasca, detritos) y refugio para establecerse exitosamente; actividades antrópicas como la urbanización afectan notablemente la diversidad. La alta diversidad registrada en este pequeño río de piedemonte llanero refleja la necesidad de incrementar este tipo de trabajos y esfuerzos de recolección de material de estudio en la región.

Abstract The genus Isonychia groups mayflies with large nymphs present in lotic ecosystems. This genus has a very wide distribution, despite of this, in Mexico the records are very scarce and these do not refer to the environmental characteristics of the sites where they were found. The objective of this work is to report for the first time the genus Isonychia in Durango state, as well as to characterize some physicochemical parameters of water associated with its distribution. A total of 19 Isonychia nymphs, which probably correspond to the species I. sicca, were recorded in seven sites within the Nazas River basin. This extends the distribution range of the genus Isonychia for Mexico. The specimens were recorded in environments with moderate current speed and an acceptable water quality compared to other riparian systems, in terms of dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, temperature and ammonium.

Resumen El género Isonychia agrupa efímeras con ninfas de gran tamaño presentes en ecosistemas lóticos. Este género tiene una distribución muy amplia, a pesar de ello, en México los registros son muy escasos y éstas no refieren las características ambientales de los sitios donde fueron encontradas. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar por primera vez el género Isonychia en el estado de Durango, así como caracterizar algunos parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua asociados a su distribución. Se registraron 19 ninfas de Isonychia, que probablemente corresponden a la especie I. sicca, en siete sitios dentro de la cuenca del río Nazas. Esto amplía el rango de distribución del género Isonychia para México. Los ejemplares se registraron en ambientes con velocidad de corriente moderada y una calidad del agua aceptable en comparación con otros sistemas riparios, en términos de oxígeno disuelto, conductividad eléctrica, sólidos disueltos totales, pH, temperatura y amonio.

Resumo A fauna aquática de insetos continua sendo uma ferramenta importante para a bioindicação de distúrbios ambientais, ao mesmo tempo em que mantém um sistema aquático saudável. O objetivo do estudo foi documentar e identificar a diversidade e os padrões de distribuição dos insetos aquáticos, um aspecto altamente ignorado no Catar. Seguindo os procedimentos padrão, as amostras foram coletadas em hábitats aquáticos durante o período de outubro de 2015 a maio de 2017, mensalmente. Um total de 11.287 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis ordens, foram capturados. Dípteros foram os mais abundantes, com as porcentagens de 71,01 (n = 8.015), enquanto a menor porcentagem foi observada para Coleópteros 0,04 (n = 05). Doze famílias de insetos foram identificadas, destas, cinco foram registradas sob Diptera, seguido por Hemiptera (03), enquanto Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata e Ephemeroptera foram representados por famílias únicas. Dentre as localidades selecionadas, Dipterans foram coletados em 10 estações, seguidos por Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) e Trichoptera (1), respectivamente. Entre as amostras de corpos d'água, os riachos foram os hábitats mais preferidos (n = 2.767), enquanto as piscinas de água potável foram os menos (27). Além disso, o maior índice de diversidade de Simpson de 1,48 e o menor de 0,47 foi registrado para piscina de esgoto inundada e recipientes de plástico, respectivamente, enquanto os valores de baixa uniformidade foram observados para lagoas e menos de 1 valores de diversidade de Margalef foram observados para todos os hábitats. Este estudo documenta os padrões de diversidade e distribuição de insetos aquáticos e fornece uma linha de base para os estudos futuros do Catar.

Abstract Aquatic insect fauna remains an important tool for bio indication of environmental disturbance, while maintaining a healthy aquatic system. The purpose of the study was to document and to identify the diversity and distribution patterns of aquatic insect, a highly ignored aspect from the Qatar. Following the standard procedures, the samples were collected from aquatic habitats during the period October 2015 to May 2017 on monthly basis. A total of 11,287 individuals, belonging to 6 orders were captured. Dipterans were the abundant with the percentages of 71.01 (n=8,015), while the lowest percentage was observed for Coleoptera 0.04 (n=05). Twelve insects families were identified, among these five were reported under Diptera, followed by Hemiptera (03), while Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera were represented by single families. Among the selected localities, Dipterans were collected from 10 stations, followed by Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) and Trichoptera (1) respectively. Among the water bodies samples, streams were the most preferred habitats (n=2,767), while drinking water pools were the least (27). Moreover, the highest Simpson diversity index of 1.48 and lowest of 0.47 was recorded for flooded sewage pool and plastic containers respectively, while the low evenness values were observed for ponds, and less than 1 Margalef’s diversity values were seen for all habitats. This study documents the patterns of the diversity and distribution of aquatic insects, and provides a baseline for the future studies from Qatar.

Abstract: Aim Macroinvertebrates are extensively employed as bioindicators for evaluating how stream ecosystems respond to alterations in physical and chemical habitats caused by human activity. Although family-taxonomic level is usually used to identify macroinvertebrates in biomonitoring programs, coarser taxonomic resolution may provide similar information. We aim to evaluate taxonomic sufficiency by comparing macroinvertebrate communities at the order and family levels to differentiate the effects of different land uses. Methods We conducted colonization experiments using artificial substrates in streams representing three land use types: urban (U, n=3), intensive agriculture - dairy production (AD, n=4), and extensive cattle ranching (CR, n=4). Results We obtained similar results using both taxonomic levels, which effectively distinguished the impacts of different land uses. In the sites examined, the majority of indicator groups exhibited only one family per order, with the exception of Ephemeroptera (Leptophlebiidae, Baetidae, and Caenidae). Notably, Baetidae and Caenidae were more prevalent in streams associated with extensive cattle ranching (CR). Conclusions Although this study provides a clear precedent, further investigation of these systems and other land uses (e.g., afforestation) is needed to validate this pattern. Coarser taxonomic assessment holds potential as a cost-effective method for stream monitoring and assessment in Uruguay. Abstract activity familytaxonomic programs information types U, U (U n=3, n3 n n=3 , 3 n=3) AD, AD (AD n=4, n4 n=4 4 n=4) CR, CR (CR n=4. . examined Leptophlebiidae, Leptophlebiidae (Leptophlebiidae Caenidae. Caenidae) Notably CR. (CR) precedent e.g., eg e g (e.g. afforestation pattern costeffective cost effective Uruguay n= e.g. (e.g e.g

Resumo: Objetivo Os macroinvertebrados são amplamente utilizados como bioindicadores para avaliar a forma como os ecossistemas de riachos respondem às alterações dos habitats físicos e químicos causadas pela atividade humana. Embora o nível taxonômico de família seja normalmente utilizado para identificar macroinvertebrados em programas de biomonitoramento, uma resolução taxonômica mais grosseira pode fornecer informações semelhantes. O objetivo é avaliar a suficiência taxonómica, comparando as comunidades de macroinvertebrados ao nível da ordem e da família, para diferenciar os efeitos de diferentes usos do solo. Métodos Realizamos experimentos de colonização utilizando substratos artificiais em cursos de água representativos de três tipos de uso do solo: urbano (U, n=3), agricultura intensiva - produção de leite (AD, n=4), e pecuária extensiva (CR, n=4). Resultados Obtivemos resultados semelhantes utilizando ambos os níveis taxonômicos, o que permitiu distinguir eficazmente os impactos dos diferentes usos do solo. Nos locais examinados, a maioria dos grupos indicadores apresentava apenas uma família por ordem, com exceção dos Ephemeroptera (Leptophlebiidae, Baetidae e Caenidae). Notavelmente, Baetidae e Caenidae foram mais predominantes em riachos associados à criação extensiva de gado (CR). Conclusões Embora este estudo forneça um precedente claro, é necessária uma investigação mais aprofundada destes sistemas e de outras utilizações do solo (por exemplo, reflorestamento) para validar este padrão. A avaliação taxonômica mais grosseira tem potencial para ser um método económico de monitoramento e avaliação de cursos de água no Uruguai. Resumo humana biomonitoramento taxonómica U, U (U n=3, n3 n n=3 , 3 n=3) AD, AD (AD n=4, n4 n=4 4 n=4) CR, CR (CR n=4. . taxonômicos examinados Leptophlebiidae, Leptophlebiidae (Leptophlebiidae Caenidae. Caenidae) Notavelmente CR. (CR) claro exemplo reflorestamento padrão Uruguai n=

RESUMO Insetos da ordem Ephemeroptera tem sido utilizado como bioindicadores de qualidade de água por responderem a inúmeros impactos antrópicos. Neste estudo avaliamos o uso dos Ephemeroptera como bioindicadores de riachos influenciados por atividades agrícolas. Coletamos ninfas de Ephemeroptera em seis riachos com diferentes usos e cobertura do solo em sua área de drenagem localizados na região norte do Rio Grande do Sul. A partir da análise do uso e cobertura do solo, categorizamos os riachos em ‘naturais’ (área de drenagem com >42% de vegetação arbórea nativa) e ‘agrícolas’ (área de drenagem com >72% de uso agrícola na área de drenagem). Coletamos um total de 2767 organismos, distribuídos em quatro famílias e 11 gêneros. Observamos maior abundância (68%) e riqueza taxonômica (11 gêneros) de Ephemeroptera nos riachos agrícolas. Os riachos naturais perfazem um total de 32% da fauna coletada com oito gêneros. Este padrão foi determinado, especialmente, pelas famílias Baetidae e Leptohyphidae. Os gêneros Cloeodes e Tricorytopsis foram abundantes nos riachos agrícolas. Neste estudo, observamos que gêneros de Ephemeroptera são tolerantes a alterações ambientais, sobretudo aquelas causadas por atividades agrícolas. Assim, o uso da ordem em estudos de avaliação da qualidade da água deve ser considerado com cautela. antrópicos agrícolas Sul ‘naturais 42 >42 nativa ‘agrícolas 72 >72 drenagem. . drenagem) 276 organismos 1 68% 68 (68% (1 32 determinado especialmente Leptohyphidae ambientais Assim cautela 4 >4 7 >7 27 6 (68 ( 3 > 2 (6

ABSTRACT Insects of the Ephemeroptera order have been used as bioindicators of water quality as they respond to countless anthropic impacts. In this study, we assessed the use of Ephemeroptera as bioindicators of streams impacted by agricultural activities. We collected Ephemeroptera nymphs in six streams with different uses and soil cover in their drainage areas located in the northern region of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Based on soil use and cover analysis, we categorized the streams as ‘natural’ (drainage area with >42% native arboreal vegetation) and ‘agricultural’ (drainage area with >72% agricultural use). We collected a total of 2,767 organisms, distributed into four families and eleven genera. We observed greater abundance (68%) and taxonomic richness (11 genera) of Ephemeroptera in the agricultural streams. The natural streams comprise 32% of the fauna collected, with eight genera. That pattern was especially determined by the Baetidae and Leptohyphidae families. The genera Caenis, Cloeodes, and Tricorythopsis were abundant in the agricultural streams. In this study, we observed that genera of Ephemeroptera are tolerant to environmental changes, particularly those caused by agricultural activities. Therefore, the use of the order in studies to assess water quality must be carried out with caution. impacts study activities Sul analysis ‘natural 42 >42 vegetation ‘agricultural 72 >72 use. . use) 2767 2 767 2,76 organisms 68% 68 (68% 11 (1 32 Caenis Cloeodes changes Therefore caution 4 >4 7 >7 276 76 2,7 6 (68 1 ( 3 > 27 2, (6

Abstract Organisms can respond to environmental gradients from local to landscape features. Aquatic insects are particularly affected by watershed peculiarities due to their dependence on microhabitat conditions. However, these relationships are poorly understood in lotic ecosystems of subtropical grasslands, limiting water resources management and bioassessment proposals. Here, we investigated how local stream environment and variations in landscape types affect the assemblage structure of a bioindicator insect group, face to the spatial proximity of the sampled locations. We sampled immatures of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera in streams along the Brazilian Pampa biome, recording environmental descriptors in different grassland ecosystem types. The structure of aquatic insect assemblages differed across grassland types, with specific dominant genera associated with each landscape. Spatially-structured water physicochemical descriptors explained a significant amount of variation in assemblage data. Our findings suggest that grassland ecosystem type delimitations capture ecological attributes, influencing watershed features important to EPT assemblage structuration. Moreover, we highlight the importance of niche-based process structuring EPT assemblages along grassland ecosystem types of Pampa biome. In addition, we encourage using aquatic insects in bioassessment of lotic waters to assess local and landscape environmental impacts. We strongly recommend considering the grassland ecosystem schedule for water resources management and bioassessment proposals. conditions However grasslands proposals Here group locations Ephemeroptera Plecoptera biome Spatiallystructured Spatially structured data attributes structuration Moreover nichebased niche based addition impacts

Resumen Introducción: La información taxonómica de macroinvertebrados acuáticos brinda información importante para caracterizar la biodiversidad en ecosistemas acuáticos, pero en muchos casos, algunos grupos (e.g. Diptera) no se clasifican al mismo nivel taxonómico que otros debido a las dificultades y el escaso conocimiento sobre estos. Esta situación toma mayor relevancia en regiones poco estudiadas y/o afectadas por presiones antrópicas como en el río Garagoa en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. Objetivo: Estudiar la biodiversidad de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos del río Garagoa al nivel taxonómico más bajo posible en un gradiente altitudinal. Métodos: Entre marzo y junio de 2021 se tomaron muestras en 40 sitios abarcando un gradiente altitudinal entre 500 y 2 887 m.s.n.m., realizando un muestreo aleatorio estratificado (36 redes Surber por sitio). Resultados: Se registraron un total de 70 taxones, sin embargo, usando una técnica de rarefacción, la riqueza estimada para el río Garagoa puede ser superior a 104 taxones. Los órdenes con el mayor número de taxones fueron: Diptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera y Ephemeroptera, siendo Chironomidae, Elmidae y Baetidae las familias más ricas en géneros. Varios géneros tienen una amplia distribución a lo largo del río Garagoa como Simulium, Parachironomus, Cardiocladius, Leptonema, Heterelmis, Neoelmis y Baetodes. El análisis phi-IndVal nos permitió seleccionar taxones representativos en diferentes altitudes. Así, Leptohyphes y Belostoma son comunes en altitudes relativamente bajas, mientras que Culoptila, Lumbriculus y Physa son representativos de altitudes intermedias. Finalmente, Gundlachia, Dugesia y Pentaneura fueron exclusivos y frecuentes en los sitios de mayor altitud. Conclusiones: La composición de comunidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos en el río Garagoa presentó diferencias notables respecto al gradiente altitudinal evaluado que contrastaron con los patrones de biodiversidad esperados. Se resalta la importancia de incluir taxones que generalmente no se informan en los estudios de biodiversidad, para comprender mejor los patrones de distribución de las comunidades acuáticas en arroyos de los Andes.

Abstract Introduction: The taxonomic identification of aquatic macroinvertebrates allows characterizing biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems, but in many cases some groups (e.g. Diptera) are not classified to the same taxonomic level than other due to difficulties and poor knowledge on these groups. It becomes relevant in regions little studied and affected by anthropic pressures, such as the Garagoa River in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. Objective: To study the biodiversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates from Garagoa river at the lowest taxonomical level possible in an altitudinal gradient. Methods: From March to June 2021, samples were taken at 40 sites in an altitudinal gradient between 500 and 2 887 m.a.s.l., performing a stratified aleatory sampling (36 Surber nets per site). Results: A total of 70 taxa were reported, however, using a rarefaction technique, the estimated richness for the Garagoa River may be greater than 104 taxa. The orders with the largest number of taxa were: Diptera, Coleoptera, Trichoptera and Ephemeroptera with Chironomidae, Elmidae and Baetidae being the families with the richest genera. Several genera have a wide distribution along the Garagoa River as Simulium, Parachironomus, Cardiocladius, Leptonema, Heterelmis, Neoelmis and Baetodes. The phi-IndVal analysis allowed us to select representative taxa at different altitudes. Thus, Lepthyphes and Belostoma are common with relatively low altitudes, while Culoptila, Lumbriculus and Physa are representative of intermediate altitudes. Finally, Gundlachia, Dugesia and Pentaneura were exclusive and frequent at the higher altitude sites. Conclusions: The composition of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community presented notable differences with respect to the evaluated altitudinal gradient that contrasted with the expected biodiversity patterns. The importance of including taxa that are not generally reported in biodiversity studies is highlighted to better understand the distribution patterns of aquatic communities in Andean streams.

Abstract With the objective of improving the knowledge about Ephemeroptera in the North region of Brazil, the group’s first survey was carried out for the metropolitan region of Santarém, Pará, Brazil. The specimens analyzed were collected from 2019 to 2020 in 27 aquatic environments distributed in the region. The nymphs were captured in the streams with aquatic entomological nets, in addition to manual collection on the substrates. Adults were collected using light traps and flight intercept traps. To complement the inventory, a bibliographic survey of species previously recorded in the area was carried out. For this, the Taxonomic Catalog of Fauna of Brazil, the website Ephemeroptera in South America and scientific articles were consulted. As a result, eight families, 23 genera and 31 species/morphospecies were recorded for the region, with 13 new records for Pará and 19 for the metropolis of Santarém. This study demonstrates the relevance of surveys for the knowledge of biodiversity and for understanding the geographic distribution of taxa. Brazil groups group s Santarém 201 202 2 nets substrates inventory this consulted result families 3 speciesmorphospecies morphospecies 1 taxa 20

Resumo Com o objetivo de aprimorar o conhecimento sobre Ephemeroptera na região Norte do Brasil, foi realizado o primeiro levantamento do grupo para a região metropolitana de Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Os espécimes analisados foram coletados de 2019 a 2020 em 27 ambientes aquáticos distribuídos na região. As ninfas foram capturadas nos riachos com redes entomológicas aquáticas, além da coleta manual nos substratos. Os adultos foram coletados por meio de armadilhas luminosas e armadilhas de interceptação de voo. Para complementar o inventário, foi realizado o levantamento bibliográfico das espécies previamente registradas na área. Para isso, foram consultados o Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil, o site Ephemeroptera na América do Sul e artigos científicos. Como resultado, oito famílias, 23 gêneros e 31 espécies/morfoespécies foram registradas para a região, sendo 13 novos registros para o Pará e 19 para a metrópole de Santarém. Este estudo demonstra a relevância dos levantamentos para o conhecimento da biodiversidade e para a compreensão da distribuição geográfica dos táxons. Brasil Santarém Brazil 201 202 2 aquáticas substratos voo inventário área isso científicos resultado famílias 3 espéciesmorfoespécies morfoespécies 1 táxons 20

Abstract Secondary production is the formation of heterotrophic biomass across time, which integrates several important ecological processes that affect the life of organisms, populations, communities and ecosystems, but its study has poor developed in South America. The objectives of this work were to describe the diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in terms of abundance and biomass, and to quantify their secondary production for the first time in Andean rivers. A quantitative sampling scheme was implemented, using a Surber sampler, in three forested streams. Physical-chemical variables, nutrients, organic matter and chlorophyll were measured also. The macroinvertebrates were separated and identified mostly at the species level. Each taxon was assigned to a functional feeding group. Secondary production was estimated for 38 taxa, mostly Diptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, and Ephemeroptera. The annual production varied from 3769 to 13916 mg dry mass m-2 y-1. Most abundant taxa were also those with higher production, dominated by Ephemeroptera (Baetidae), Trichoptera (Hydropsychidae) and Diptera (Chironomidae and Simuliidae). Density, biomass, and production of collectors and predators were much higher than the other feeding groups. We expect that our results will be useful to evaluate the effects on stream functioning produced by global warming and other anthropogenic disturbances in our region. organisms populations ecosystems America rivers implemented sampler streams Physicalchemical Physical chemical variables nutrients level group 3 Coleoptera 376 1391 m2 m 2 m- y1. y1 y 1. 1 y-1 Baetidae, Baetidae , (Baetidae) Hydropsychidae (Hydropsychidae Chironomidae Simuliidae. Simuliidae . Simuliidae) Density groups region 37 139 y- (Baetidae 13

Abstract The drift movement consists of the displacement of the organisms inside the water column which allows its passive locomotion. This movement will result in a variation of the communities of organisms along the river, generating spatial patterns. Based on this, we tested the hypotheses a) the drift of individuals in an upstream-downstream direction creates a nestedness pattern, when the upstream is a subset of downstream communities of aquatic insects; b) there will be an increase in the number of individuals and genera as we approach the most downstream point. The present study was carried out in seven sampling points distributed along the Xingu River. The sampling occurred at night in the central area of the river. The number of genera along the river remained constant, and the nestedness distribution of the communities in the upstream-downstream gradient was not observed. Based on the results, it is possible to visualize a turnover of genera in the longitudinal gradient of the river, but with an accumulation of genera in the downstream region. Organisms that are transported by the flow of the water current respond to the characteristics of the body of water by adapting to the type of environment in which they are found. locomotion patterns this upstreamdownstream pattern insects b point River constant observed results region found

Resumo O movimento de deriva consiste no desprendimento dos organismos dentro da coluna de água, o que permite a sua locomoção passiva. Este movimento resultará numa variação das comunidades de organismos ao longo do rio, gerando padrões espaciais. Com base nisto, testamos as hipóteses a) o movimento de indivíduos em direção montante-jusante criará um padrão aninhado, no qual as comunidades de insetos aquáticos a montante são um subconjunto das comunidades a jusante; b) haverá um aumento no número de indivíduos e gêneros à medida que nos aproximamos do ponto mais a jusante. O presente estudo foi realizado em sete pontos de amostragem distribuídos ao longo do rio Xingu. A amostragem ocorreu durante a noite no canal central do rio. O número de gêneros ao longo do rio se manteve constante, e não observamos uma distribuição de aninhamento das comunidades no gradiente ascendente e descendente do rio. Com base nos resultados, é possível visualizar uma substituição dos gêneros no gradiente longitudinal do rio, porém ocorrendo um acúmulo de gêneros na região mais a jusante. Os organismos que são transportados pelo fluxo da corrente de água respondem as características do corpo de água adaptando-se ao tipo de ambiente em que se encontram. passiva espaciais nisto montantejusante jusante aninhado b Xingu constante resultados adaptandose adaptando encontram

Abstract Aim In the present study, the structure of the benthic invertebrates in ponds in the presence and absence of Nile tilapia was evaluated. Methods The benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters were analyzed for a period of eight weeks, every 15 days, in two ponds (one with fish and the other without fish). Benthic invertebrates were sampled with artificial substrate samplers, made with cheap and common materials, like expanded clay, loofah leaves and gravel. Results With the exception of turbidity, the other physical and chemical variables of water quality were within the ideal limits for tilapia farming. Despite that, there was a significant difference for all physical-chemical parameters monitored, and the average turbidity was much higher in pond with fish. The use of artificial substrate samplers for biomonitoring was effective in the colonization of several taxa in a short period of time (15 days). For benthic community metrics, organism richness, diversity and evenness were significantly higher in the pond without fish. On the other hand, the dominance of Chironomidae and the abundance of Glossiphonidae were much higher in the pond with fish. For Chironomidae, this family was dominant in both treatments, but reached a higher frequency in the pond with fish (98.49%) than in pond without fish (92.87%). The presence of sensitive families, like Leptoceridae (Order Trichoptera), was higher in the pond with no fish, as well as the metric of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera families (% EPT). Conclusions The presence of fish altered the macrobenthic community, since metrics of richness and diversity presented lower values in pond with fish. study evaluated weeks 1 days one . fish) materials clay gravel farming that physicalchemical monitored (1 days. days) hand treatments 98.49% 9849 98 49 (98.49% 92.87%. 9287 92.87% 92 87 (92.87%) Order Trichoptera, , Trichoptera) Ephemeroptera % ( EPT. EPT EPT) 98.49 984 9 4 (98.49 928 92.87 8 (92.87% 98.4 (98.4 92.8 (92.87 98. (98. 92. (92.8 (98 (92. (9 (92

Resumo Objetivo No presente estudo, avaliou-se a estrutura de invertebrados bentônicos em viveiros escavados na presença e ausência de tilápia do Nilo. Métodos Os macroinvertebrados bentônicos e os parâmetros físico-químicos foram analisados por um período de oito semanas, a cada 15 dias, em dois viveiros (um com peixes e outro sem peixes). Os invertebrados bentônicos foram coletados com amostradores de substrato artificial, feitos com materiais baratos e comuns, tais como argila expandida, folhas de taboa e brita. Resultados Com exceção da turbidez, as demais variáveis físicas e químicas da qualidade da água estiveram dentro dos limites ideais para o cultivo de tilápia. Apesar disso, houve diferença significativa para todos os parâmetros físico-químicos monitorados, sendo que a turbidez média foi bem maior no tanque com peixes. Para as métricas dos macroinvertebrados bentônicos, riqueza, diversidade e uniformidade de organismos foram significativamente maiores no tanque sem peixes. Por outro lado, a dominância de Chironomidae e a abundância de Glossiphonidae foram muito maiores no tanque com peixes. Para Chironomidae, esta família foi dominante em ambos os tratamentos, mas atingiu maior frequência no viveiro com peixes (98,49%) do que no viveiro sem peixes (92,87%). A presença de famílias sensíveis, como Leptoceridae (Ordem Trichoptera), foi maior no viveiro sem peixes, assim como a métrica das famílias Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera (% EPT). Conclusões O uso de amostradores de substrato artificial para biomonitoramento mostrou-se eficaz na colonização de diversos táxons em um curto período de tempo (15 dias). Por fim, a presença de peixes alterou a comunidade macrobentônica, já que as métricas de riqueza e diversidade apresentaram valores mais baixos no viveiro escavado com peixes. estudo avaliouse avaliou se Nilo físicoquímicos físico químicos semanas 1 dias . peixes) comuns expandida brita disso monitorados lado tratamentos 98,49% 9849 98 49 (98,49% 92,87%. 9287 92,87% 92 87 (92,87%) sensíveis Ordem Trichoptera, , Trichoptera) Ephemeroptera % ( EPT. EPT EPT) mostrouse mostrou (1 dias. dias) fim macrobentônica 98,49 984 9 4 (98,49 928 92,87 8 (92,87% 98,4 (98,4 92,8 (92,87 98, (98, 92, (92,8 (98 (92, (9 (92

ABSTRACT The male and female imago stage and a new species of the Hermanella complex are described based on material from Pará State, Northern Brazil: Hydromastodon cf. mikei (Thomas & Boutonnet, 2004) and Paramaka froehlichi sp. nov. The male imago of Hydromastodon cf. mikei can be distinguished from Hydromastodon sallesi by the following combination of characters: (1) body color pattern, especially abdominal terga translucent white with terga I to IV washed with black on posterior margin; (2) compound eyes anteriorly rounded; (3) medial projection of the styliger plate short; and (4) penis lobes close to each other and with posterolateral projection as long as ½ of its length. The male imago of Paramaka froehlichi sp.nov. can be distinguished the from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: (1) fore and hind wings with membrane brown; (2) legs uniformly yellowish-white, without distal band; (3) abdominal terga II to VI with marks more expanded laterally, median line absent; (4) medial projection of the styliger plate broad; (5) base of telopenis arising at distal ⅔ of penis lobe; and (6): body size of 6.1 to 7.6 mm. State Brazil cf Thomas Boutonnet 2004 sp nov characters 1 (1 pattern margin 2 (2 rounded 3 (3 short 4 (4 length spnov sp.nov brown yellowishwhite, yellowishwhite yellowish white, yellowish-white band laterally absent broad 5 (5 lobe 6 (6) 61 6. 76 7 7. mm 200 ( (6 20

ABSTRACT A new species of Americabaetis Kluge, 1992 is described based on nymphs and subimagos from Itatiaia National Park, close to the border of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The new species can be differentiated from the remaining species of the genus based on the following combination of characteristics: (1) frontal keel present, (2) right mandible with angle between incisors and mola obtuse, (3) paraglossa nearly twice longer than wide, (4) fore femur with 40-42 long, apically acute, simple setae in outer margin, (5) gills grayish with pigmented tracheation, (6) distinctive abdominal color pattern (two white posterolateral spots on abdominal terga IV and VII, white medial band running along abdominal terga, and lateral margins washed with brown), (7) posterior margin of abdominal terga with triangular spines, and (8) paraproct marginally with 12-14 spines. Given the development of the labial palp segment III, shape of the apex of the lingua, and robustness of the body, the new species is somewhat similar to A. labiosus and A. titthion. It can be readily distinguished from A. titthion by the absence of meso and metasternal projections and by the shape of spines on the posterior margin of abdominal terga (triangular on the new species, blunt on A. titthion). The main differences between the new species and A. labiosus are the paraglossa length/width ratio (2.3x in the new species, 2.5x in A. labiosus), the relative length of the maxillary palp (longer than galea-lacinia in the new species versus subequal in A. labiosus), as well as pigmentation of tracheae on gills (which is absent in A. labiosus). The abdominal color pattern of A. itatiaia sp. nov. is also very distinctive in relation to A. labiosus and A. titthion. Kluge 199 Park Janeiro Brazil characteristics 1 (1 present 2 (2 obtuse 3 (3 wide 4 (4 4042 40 42 40-4 long acute 5 (5 tracheation 6 (6 two VII brown, brown , brown) 7 (7 8 (8 1214 12 14 12-1 III lingua body . titthion) lengthwidth width 2.3x 23x x 3x 25x 5x labiosus, labiosus) galealacinia galea lacinia which labiosus. sp nov 19 ( 404 40- 121 12-

ABSTRACT Despite the growing number of studies on mayflies (Ephemeroptera), especially in terms of description of new species and distributional records, the knowledge generated remains scattered across specialized literature. This dispersion poses a challenge for non-specialists, such as ecologists, hindering their ability to promote studies and conservation actions. In order to fill this gap, we are launching EphemBrazil: an online database focusing on the distribution of mayflies in Brazil. The main objectives of this platform are to compile a dataset of distributional information for the valid species of Ephemeroptera in Brazil, provide open access to this dataset through an interactive and easily updated website, and offer dynamic distributional maps for species, genera, and families of Brazilian mayflies. EphemBrazil aims to facilitate the retrieval and access of distributional and basic taxonomic information for the order. Ephemeroptera, , (Ephemeroptera) records literature nonspecialists, nonspecialists non specialists, specialists non-specialists ecologists actions gap Brazil website genera (Ephemeroptera

Abstract: Aim We evaluated the effects of native vegetation and agricultural activities on functional characteristics of aquatic insects’ assemblages in Atlantic Forest streams southern Brazil. Methods We collected information on land uses, riparian zone structural characteristics, and limnological variables of ten streams to characterize their environmental quality. In the same streams, we collected aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) and determined their functional characteristics (e.g. food habits, mobility, shape, and body size). The information for each trait category was quantified using a fuzzy code technique. To test the environmental conditions on aquatic insect functional attributes, we used an RLQ analysis. Results In our study, only five environmental variables showed variation in streams (temperature, pH, DO, native vegetation, and agriculture use). We collected a total of 2591 organisms distributed in 21 EPT genera. We observed that the functional attributes of EPT formed distinct groups in relation to the stream categories defined by the measured environmental variables. We observed that shredders and larger and flattened organisms were associated with natural streams. These attributes were associated with the genera Phylloicus, Anacroneuria, Tupiperla, and Farrodes. On the other hand, we observed greater proportions of scrapers, with spherical bodies and shelter builders in streams impacted by agriculture. The most frequent genera in these streams were Itaura, Wormaldia and Helicopsyche. Conclusions The modification of natural landscapes by agricultural areas caused significant functional changes in the aquatic invertebrate communities. Since aquatic insects participate effectively in ecological processes, alterations in the functional characteristics of these communities can cause changes in the streams’ functioning. Abstract Brazil uses quality Ephemeroptera, Ephemeroptera (Ephemeroptera Plecoptera Trichoptera e.g. eg e g (e.g habits mobility shape size. size . size) technique analysis study temperature, temperature (temperature pH DO use. use use) 259 2 Phylloicus Anacroneuria Tupiperla Farrodes hand scrapers Itaura Helicopsyche processes functioning e.g 25

Resumo: Objetivo Neste estudo avaliamos os efeitos da vegetação nativa e atividades agrícolas sobre as características funcionais de assembleias de insetos aquáticos em riachos de Mata Atlântica, sul do Brasil. Métodos Coletamos informações sobre usos do solo, características estruturais da zona ripária e variáveis limnológicas de dez córregos para caracterizar sua qualidade ambiental. Nos mesmos riachos coletamos insetos aquáticos (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera) e determinamos as características funcionais (e.g., hábitos alimentares, mobilidade, forma, tamanho do corpo). A informação para cada categoria de característica foi quantificada usando uma técnica de código fuzzy. Para testar as condições ambientais nos atributos funcionais de insetos aquáticos, utilizamos uma análise RLQ. Resultados Em nosso estudo, apenas cinco variáveis ambientais apresentaram variação entre os riachos (temperatura, pH, DO, vegetação nativa, uso agrícola). Coletamos um total de 2591 organismos distribuídos em 21 gêneros das ordens EPT. Observamos que os atributos funcionais do EPT formaram grupos distintos em relação às categorias de riachos definidas pelas medidas das variáveis ambientais. Observamos que fragmentadores e organismos maiores e achatados estiveram associados a riachos naturais. Esses atributos foram associados aos gêneros Phylloicus, Anacroneuria, Tupiperla e Farrodes. Por outro lado, em riachos impactados pela agricultura, observamos maiores proporções de raspadores, com corpos esféricos e construtores de abrigos. Nesses riachos, os gêneros mais frequentes foram Itaura, Wormaldia e Helicopsyche. Conclusões A modificação das paisagens naturais por áreas agrícolas causou mudanças funcionais significativas nas comunidades de invertebrados aquáticos. Como os insetos aquáticos participam efetivamente dos processos ecológicos, alterações nas características funcionais dessas comunidades podem causar mudanças no funcionamento dos riachos. Resumo Atlântica Brasil solo ambiental Ephemeroptera, Ephemeroptera (Ephemeroptera Trichoptera e.g., eg g (e.g. alimentares mobilidade forma corpo. corpo . corpo) fuzzy RLQ temperatura, temperatura (temperatura pH DO agrícola. agrícola agrícola) 259 2 Phylloicus Anacroneuria Farrodes lado agricultura raspadores abrigos Itaura Helicopsyche ecológicos e.g. (e.g 25 e.g