Abstract Maize is considered the third most important grain crop in the world due to its economic, food and industrial interest. Throughout its phenology this crop is attacked by pests and diseases, which could have adverse effects on production. In order to control these problems, conventional management is generally used, causing ecological imbalances. For this reason, it is necessary to consider sustainable alternatives based on the knowledge of beneficial entomofauna. This research aimed to conduct a prospective analysis of the coccinelides associated with maize cultivation in the canton of Santa Ana, Ecuador. For this purpose, the coccinelides present under two different conditions were evaluated; with and without insecticide application. Five sampling techniques were used according to the research protocol and taxonomic classification was carried out. The data were interpreted using descriptive statistics, in addition, alpha and beta diversity was assessed. In the study, 297 individuals were found, gathered to: 1 order,1 family, 13 genera and 11 species. The greatest abundance was found in undisturbed conditions, determining that the most efficient trapping technique for their capture was the use of chromatic traps. This type of research is important to derive biological control programs in economically important crops.

Resumen El maíz es considerado el tercer cultivo de grano más importante del mundo debido a su interés económico, alimentario e industrial. A lo largo de su fenología este cultivo es atacado por plagas y enfermedades, que pueden generar efectos adversos sobre la producción. Para el control de estos problemas, generalmente se acude al manejo convencional, los cuales ocasionan desequilibrios ecológicos. Por esta razón, es necesario considerar alternativas sostenibles fundamentadas en el conocimiento de la entomofauna benéfica. Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo realizar un análisis prospectivo de los coccinélidos asociados al cultivo de maíz en el cantón Santa Ana, Ecuador. Para su efecto, se evaluaron los coccinélidos presentes en dos condiciones distintas: con y sin aplicación de insecticida. Se utilizaron cinco técnicas de muestreo, de acuerdo con el protocolo de investigación, y se procedió con la clasificación taxonómica. Los datos fueron interpretados mediante estadística descriptiva; además, se valoró la diversidad alfa y beta. En el estudio se encontraron 297 individuos, congregados a: 1 orden,1 familia, 13 géneros y 11 especies. La mayor abundancia se presentó en condiciones no intervenidas, determinándose que la técnica de trampeo más eficiente para su captura fueron las trampas cromáticas. Este tipo de investigación es importante para derivar programas de control biológico en cultivos de importancia económica.

Abstract Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important source of energy in the human diet; and, in Nicaragua, it constitutes a substantial component of the population's diet. The present study was exploratory, and aimed to determine the diversity of arthropods associated with rice cultivation in the municipality of Sébaco, an intensive rice production region, in the 2022-2023 agricultural cycle. Production systems with extensions over 100 hectares, where equal agronomic and phytosanitary management was used, were selected. For entomofauna monitoring, ten points were randomly selected in each production system, and at each point, and 20 double zigzag passes with entomological nets were used at each point. The number of individuals per order and family was quantified. For the diversity analysis, they were grouped according to their feeding habits. Abundance and richness information was analyzed using descriptive analysis, analysis of variance, and Shannon Weaver and Simpson's diversity index. Seven orders, 13 families, and 16 genera were found, most of them of the phytophagous habit. The highest abundance corresponded to the species T. orizicolus Muir (n = 46,663), reported in the reproductive and maturation phases. Likewise, Hydrellia sp (n = 5,229) presented the largest populations in the vegetative phase. Among the beneficial organisms, siders (n = 1,523) and Atrichopogum sp (n = 419) stood out. Diversity indices were low both in the production systems and in the different phenological phases of the crop.

Resumen El cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) representa una fuente de energía de importancia en la dieta humana, y en Nicaragua constituye un sustancial componente de la dieta de la población. El presente estudio fue exploratorio y tuvo como objetivo determinar la diversidad de artrópodos asociada al cultivo de arroz en el municipio de Sébaco, en el ciclo agrícola 2022-2023, una región intensiva en la producción de arroz. Se seleccionaron sistemas productivos con extensiones mayores a 100 hectáreas, en donde se empleó igual manejo agronómico y fitosanitario. Para el monitoreo de la entomofauna, en cada sistema productivo se seleccionaron diez puntos al azar y en cada punto se emplearon 20 pases dobles en forma de zig-zag con red entomológica. Se cuantifico el número de individuos por orden y familia; para el análisis de diversidad se agruparon por sus hábitos alimenticios. La información de la abundancia y riqueza se analizó mediante estudio descriptivo, análisis de varianza e índice de diversidad de Shannon Weaver y Simpson. Se encontraron siete órdenes, 13 familias y 16 géneros, la mayoría del hábito fitófago. La mayor abundancia correspondió a la especie T. orizicolus Muir (n=46.663), reportada en la fase reproductiva y maduración. Así mismo, Hydrellia sp (n=5.229), presentó las mayores poblaciones en la fase vegetativa. Dentro de los organismos benéficos sobresalieron las arañas (n=1.523) y Atrichopogum sp (n=419). Los índices de diversidad fueron bajos tanto en los sistemas productivos como en las diferentes fases fenológicas del cultivo.

Abstract The complexity of the agroecosystem can also be assessed by the different land uses in the system and the surroundings, being a relevant way to assess the heterogeneity of the landscape and the effects on the community of interest, in this case, entomofauna. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify how the use of soil in the surroundings of Chilean lettuce horticultural systems, in the Coquimbo Region, alters the entomological community of the crop. Insect sampling was conducted (February 2021 to March 2022) using yellow pan traps. Two sites will be sampled on each of the seven studied lettuce crops. Land use and land cover classes were defined: Forests, water bodies, shrub vegetation, grasslands, barren lands, impermeable surfaces, and urban areas. After land use and land cover classification, buffers of 500 to 5,000 m were created around each data collection point. For data analysis, the percentages of land use of different classes were compared with the ecological attributes: Abundance of insects, abundance of insect pests, richness of entomological families and types of oral apparatus (licker-sucker, mandible, picker-sucker, and sucker). Land uses at different distances from horticultural systems affected the entomological community. interest case entomofauna Thus Region crop February 202 2022 traps crops defined Forests bodies vegetation grasslands lands surfaces areas classification 50 5000 5 000 5,00 point analysis attributes insects pests lickersucker, lickersucker licker sucker, sucker (licker-sucker mandible pickersucker, pickersucker picker picker-sucker sucker. . sucker) 20 00 5,0 2 0 5,

Resumo A complexidade do agroecossistema também pode ser avaliada pelos diferentes usos do solo no sistema e no entorno, sendo uma forma relevante de avaliar a heterogeneidade da paisagem e os efeitos na comunidade de interesse, neste caso, a entomofauna. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar como o uso do solo no entorno dos sistemas hortícolas de alface chilena, na região de Coquimbo, altera a comunidade entomológica da cultura. A amostragem de insetos foi realizada (fevereiro de 2021 a março de 2022) utilizando armadilhas amarelas. Serão amostrados dois locais em cada uma das sete culturas de alface estudadas. Foram definidas classes de uso e cobertura da terra: Florestas, corpos d'água, vegetação arbustiva, pastagens, terras áridas, superfícies impermeáveis e áreas urbanas. Após a classificação do uso e cobertura do solo, foram criadas zonas tampão de 500 a 5,000 m em torno de cada ponto de recolha de dados. Para análise dos dados, foram comparados os percentuais de uso da terra das diferentes classes com os atributos ecológicos: Abundância de insetos, abundância de insetos-praga, riqueza de famílias entomológicas e tipos de aparelhos bucais (sugador-lambedor, mandíbula, sugador-colhedor e sugador). Os usos da terra em diferentes distâncias dos sistemas hortícolas afetaram a comunidade entomológica. interesse caso entomofauna Assim chilena Coquimbo cultura fevereiro 202 2022 amarelas estudadas Florestas dágua, dágua d água, água d'água arbustiva pastagens áridas urbanas 50 5000 5 000 5,00 dados ecológicos insetospraga, insetospraga praga, praga insetos-praga sugadorlambedor, sugadorlambedor sugador lambedor, lambedor (sugador-lambedor mandíbula sugadorcolhedor colhedor sugador. . sugador) 20 00 5,0 2 0 5,

ABSTRACT Forensic entomology has been developing in Brazil in recent years. In cases where traditional forensic methods cannot accurately determine the postmortem interval (PMI), entomological evidence can be crucial. In this novel study, we present the first results of the Forensic Entomology Division at Santa Catarina Scientific Police, southern Brazil, formally established in January 2022. From Jan 2022 to July 2023, minimum PMI was calculated based on entomological evidence in 34 cases. A total of 21 species of insects (16 species of Diptera belonging to 6 families and 5 species of Coleoptera belonging to 4 families) were collected from human bodies at different decomposition stages and in different types of environments. The most abundant and relevant species to estimate PMI were: Chrysomya albiceps (in 38% of the cases), followed by Hermetia illucens (18%), Oxelytrum discicolle (14%), Chrysomya megacephala (12%) and Peckia (Pantonella) intermutans (12%). Some species were reported for the first time colonizing human corpses in Santa Catarina and used for the first time to estimate minimum PMI in Brazil. Understanding the entomofauna present on a human corpse becomes an important tool in death investigations and is essential for forensic entomology applications. Our findings provide better understanding of entomological evidence from Santa Catarina State and have important implications for the advancement of forensic entomology in Brazil. years PMI, , (PMI) crucial study Police 202 2023 3 2 16 (1 environments 38 cases, cases) 18%, 18 18% (18%) 14%, 14 14% (14%) 12% 12 (12% Pantonella (Pantonella 12%. . applications (PMI 20 1 ( (18% (14% (12 (18 (14

Resumo A fauna aquática de insetos continua sendo uma ferramenta importante para a bioindicação de distúrbios ambientais, ao mesmo tempo em que mantém um sistema aquático saudável. O objetivo do estudo foi documentar e identificar a diversidade e os padrões de distribuição dos insetos aquáticos, um aspecto altamente ignorado no Catar. Seguindo os procedimentos padrão, as amostras foram coletadas em hábitats aquáticos durante o período de outubro de 2015 a maio de 2017, mensalmente. Um total de 11.287 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis ordens, foram capturados. Dípteros foram os mais abundantes, com as porcentagens de 71,01 (n = 8.015), enquanto a menor porcentagem foi observada para Coleópteros 0,04 (n = 05). Doze famílias de insetos foram identificadas, destas, cinco foram registradas sob Diptera, seguido por Hemiptera (03), enquanto Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata e Ephemeroptera foram representados por famílias únicas. Dentre as localidades selecionadas, Dipterans foram coletados em 10 estações, seguidos por Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) e Trichoptera (1), respectivamente. Entre as amostras de corpos d'água, os riachos foram os hábitats mais preferidos (n = 2.767), enquanto as piscinas de água potável foram os menos (27). Além disso, o maior índice de diversidade de Simpson de 1,48 e o menor de 0,47 foi registrado para piscina de esgoto inundada e recipientes de plástico, respectivamente, enquanto os valores de baixa uniformidade foram observados para lagoas e menos de 1 valores de diversidade de Margalef foram observados para todos os hábitats. Este estudo documenta os padrões de diversidade e distribuição de insetos aquáticos e fornece uma linha de base para os estudos futuros do Catar.

Abstract Aquatic insect fauna remains an important tool for bio indication of environmental disturbance, while maintaining a healthy aquatic system. The purpose of the study was to document and to identify the diversity and distribution patterns of aquatic insect, a highly ignored aspect from the Qatar. Following the standard procedures, the samples were collected from aquatic habitats during the period October 2015 to May 2017 on monthly basis. A total of 11,287 individuals, belonging to 6 orders were captured. Dipterans were the abundant with the percentages of 71.01 (n=8,015), while the lowest percentage was observed for Coleoptera 0.04 (n=05). Twelve insects families were identified, among these five were reported under Diptera, followed by Hemiptera (03), while Coleoptera, Tricoptera, Odonata, and Ephemeroptera were represented by single families. Among the selected localities, Dipterans were collected from 10 stations, followed by Hemiptera (9), Coleoptera (4), Odonota (4), Ephemeroptera (3) and Trichoptera (1) respectively. Among the water bodies samples, streams were the most preferred habitats (n=2,767), while drinking water pools were the least (27). Moreover, the highest Simpson diversity index of 1.48 and lowest of 0.47 was recorded for flooded sewage pool and plastic containers respectively, while the low evenness values were observed for ponds, and less than 1 Margalef’s diversity values were seen for all habitats. This study documents the patterns of the diversity and distribution of aquatic insects, and provides a baseline for the future studies from Qatar.

Resumen Introducción. Las arvenses del cultivo de caña de azúcar pueden servir como reservorios de una gran cantidad de insectos benéficos útiles para el control biológico de plagas. Objetivo. Estudiar la asociación entre insectos benéficos y arvenses presentes en bordes de cañales. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron visitas mensuales desde abril hasta diciembre del 2018, a dos sitios, El Palmar y Turrialba, dos regiones cañeras de Costa Rica. Se seleccionaron veinte puntos de muestreo al azar en donde se aspiraron todos los insectos contenidos en una estructura cuboide de 0,25 m3. Se identificaron las especies de plantas, así como las familias y morfoespecies de insectos presentes; estos últimos se clasificaron de acuerdo con su hábito alimenticio. Luego, se realizó un análisis de co-ocurrencia entre arvenses e insectos. Resultados. Se identificaron 140 especies de arvenses pertenecientes a 41 familias, 83 especies en El Palmar y 120 en Turrialba. La diversidad y riqueza de arvenses fue mayor en Turrialba. Se identificaron 13 689 artrópodos distribuidos en 137 familias; la diversidad, riqueza y abundancia en ambos sitios fue similar. Las familias Poaceae y Cicadellidae fueron identificadas con mayor frecuencia en ambas zonas. En el análisis de co-ocurrencia la arvense Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb., presentó una asociación positiva (p<0,05) con las familias de insectos depredadores Coccinellidae, Syrphidae y Dolichopodidae. La familia de insectos parasitoides Eulophidae se asoció con ocho especies de arvenses. Conclusiones. Se determinó asociación entre especies de arvenses e insectos benéficos en el cultivo de caña de azúcar, por lo que se puede asociar su papel al mantenimiento de las poblaciones de enemigos naturales para el control de plagas.

Abstract Introduction. Weeds in sugarcane crops can serve as reservoirs of a wide variety of beneficial insects that are useful for biological pest control. Objective. To study the association between beneficial insects and weeds present in sugarcane field edges. Materials and methods. Monthly visits were conducted from April to December 2018 in two sites, El Palmar and Turrialba, two sugarcane regions in Costa Rica. Twenty random sampling points were selected where all insects within a cubic structure of 0,25 m3 were aspirated. Plant species were identified, as well as the families and morphospecies of insects present; the latter were classified based on their feeding habits. Subsequently, a co-occurrence analysis between weeds and insects was performed. Results. A total of 140 species belonging to 41 families were identified, with 83 species in El Palmar and 120 in Turrialba. Weed diversity and richness was higher in Turrialba. A total of 13 689 arthropods distributed across 137 families were identified; the diversity, richness, and abundance showed similarity between both sites. The families Poaceae and Cicadellidae were the most frequently identified in both areas. In the co-occurrence analysis, the weed Kyllinga brevifolia Rottb. exhibited a positive association (p<0.05) with predator insect families such as Coccinellidae, Syrphidae, and Dolichopodidae. Additionally, the parasitoid insect family Eulophidae was associated with eight weed species. Conclusions. The study revealed an association between weed species and beneficial insects in sugarcane cultivars, suggesting their role in maintaining populations of natural enemies for pest control.

Resumen La disminución global de la biodiversidad y la contaminación, junto con el cambio climático, amenazan directamente la seguridad alimentaria y la soberanía. Las prácticas insostenibles en la agricultura industrial, incluida la introducción de insectos no nativos, agravan esta crisis ambiental. Estos pueden invadir hábitats nativos y causar pérdida de biodiversidad. Creamos una base de datos de especies de avispas parasitarias utilizadas para el control biológico en Chile, examinando el porcentaje de especies introducidas y nativas, los plazos de introducción y las interacciones con los huéspedes. Un total del 73 % de los himenópteros corresponden a especies exóticas. También identificamos casos en los que especies parasitarias nativas e introducidas comparten los mismos huéspedes, lo que podría provocar un efecto de desbordamiento. Dado el alto endemismo de Chile en su entomofauna, la introducción de especies exóticas podría tener consecuencias perjudiciales para la biodiversidad local y los ecosistemas agrícolas. La excesiva dependencia de controladores de plagas no nativos obstaculiza la utilización de especies nativas, aumentando la vulnerabilidad a las plagas adaptadas a agentes de control biológico ampliamente utilizados. Abogamos por priorizar avispas controladoras nativas para garantizar la producción agrícola sostenible en Chile, al tiempo que mitigamos los impactos negativos de las especies exóticas.

Resumen Introducción. Los pastos son la principal fuente de alimento en los sistemas ganaderos y pueden ser un nicho adecuado para insectos con funciones beneficiosas y dañinas. Objetivo. Estimar la entomofauna asociada a tres especies de pastos, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chloris gayana y Megathyrsus maximus, en condiciones del Caribe colombiano. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron diez muestreos en dos estaciones contrastantes, de baja y alta precipitación (agosto a octubre de 2018 y enero a marzo de 2019), se utilizaron tres especies forrajeras (Cenchrus ciliaris, Megathyrsus maximus, Chloris gayana), en un área de 1000 m2. Los artrópodos fueron identificados por orden y familia y tipificados por grupos funcionales. Se estimaron índices de diversidad y abundancia por pastos y estaciones, así como su correlación con el clima. Se realizó un análisis de correspondencia simple. Resultados. Se recolectaron 380 insectos de siete órdenes y 35 familias, con mayor abundancia para Hemiptera y Coleoptera. El índice de diversidad de Shannon fue más alto para todos los órdenes de C. gayana, excepto para Hemiptera en C. ciliaris. Los fitófagos se encontraron en mayor porcentaje (66,84 %), seguidos de los depredadores (27,11 %). La abundancia de insectos estuvo influenciada por la interacción entre la estación y el pasto, mostró un incremento a bajas temperaturas, excepto para M. maximus. Los pastos representaron microambientes adecuados para mantener la diversidad de insectos, los órdenes Hemiptera y Coleoptera fueron los más numerosos y representativos de los grupos funcionales fitófagos y depredadores, respectivamente. Conclusión. La entomofauna de C. gayana, C. ciliaris y M. maximus fue similar en abundancia y diversidad de insectos, sin embargo, la abundancia dependió de la influencia de la estación y de los pastos.

Abstract Introduction. Pastures are the primary source of food in livestock systems and can be a suitable niche for insects with beneficial and harmful functions. Objective. To estimate the entomofauna associated with three species of pastures, Cenchrus ciliaris, Chloris gayana, and Megathyrsus maximus, in conditions of the Colombian Caribbean. Materials and methods. Ten samplings were carried out in two contrasting periods (August to October 2018 and January to March 2019), three forage species (Cenchrus ciliaris, Megathyrsus maximus, Chloris gayana) within 1000 m2 were used. Arthropods were identified by order and family and typified by functional groups. Diversity and abundance indices by pasture and season were estimated, as well as their correlation with climate. A simple correspondence analysis was performed. Results. A total of 380 insects from 7 orders and 35 families were collected, with the greatest abundance for Hemiptera and Coleoptera. The Shannon’s diversity index was higher for all orders of C. gayana, except for Hemiptera in C. ciliaris. Phytophages were found in a higher percentage (66.84 %), followed by predators (27.11 %). Insect abundance was influenced by the interaction between season and pasture, showing an increase at low temperatures, except for M. maximus. Pastures represented adequate microenvironments to maintain the diversity of insects, the Hemiptera and Coleoptera orders being the most numerous and representative of the functional groups of phytophages and predators, respectively. Conclusion. The entomofauna of C. gayana, C. ciliaris, and M. maximus was similar in insect abundance and diversity, however, insect abundance depended on the influence of the season and pastures.

Resumen En este trabajo se determina la entomofauna benéfica asociada a especies arbóreas en escenarios de la agricultura urbana de Pinar del Río, Cuba. Entre septiembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020, se realizó un inventario florístico de la biodiversidad arbórea y se recolectaron muestras de los biorreguladores. Se inventariaron 23 especies arbóreas y 65% de ellas estuvo representado por frutales. La mayor riqueza de especies se detectó en los órdenes Diptera, Mesostigmata, Hymenoptera y Araneae. Los biorreguladores con mayor frecuencia fueron Condylostylus sp., Ocyptamus costatus y Phytoseiulus sp.; mientras que, las especies arbóreas con mayor proporción de artrópodos asociados fueron Persea americana, Citrus limon, Morinda citrifolia y Psidium guajava. Los resultados corroboran la necesidad de fomentar estratos arbóreos como reservorio de biorreguladores y profundizar en la actividad de estos organismos benéficos como alternativa para el manejo de plagas.

Abstract This work determines the beneficial entomofauna associated with tree species in urban agriculture scenarios of Pinar del Río, Cuba. Between September 2019 and March 2020, a floristic inventory of tree biodiversity was conducted and samples of bioregulators were collected. Twenty-three tree species were inventoried and 65% of them were represented by fruit trees. The greatest species richness was detected in the orders Diptera, Mesostigmata, Hymenoptera and Araneae. The most frequent bioregulators were Condylostylus sp., Ocyptamus costatus and Phytoseiulus sp.; while the tree species with the highest proportion of associated arthropods were Persea americana, Citrus limon, Morinda citrifolia and Psidium guajava. The results corroborate the need to promote tree strata as a reservoir of bioregulators and deepen the activity of these beneficial organisms as an alternative for pest management.

Abstract Weed species are eliminated from agroecosystems as they are considered reservoirs of pest organisms, ignoring the benefits they can bring, hence the importance of conducting research in this regard. The objective of the work was to evaluate the entomofauna associated with three weed species of the genus Cleome and their potential relationships with agricultural crops. Three sampling areas were selected for each species, performing a single sampling using the technique of common counts per habitat, evaluating the insect composition, the percentage of representativeness and the proportion of trophic guilds. For diversity, Species Richness, Simpson Dominance, General Diversity were taken into account and as a measure of similarity, the formation of homogeneous groups was taken into account through a multivariate analysis (CLUSTER). A total of 613 individuals were recorded, belonging to six orders, 20 families, 34 genera and 35 species. Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera were the most represented orders, while pests and pollinators were the trophic guilds with the highest proportion. The diversity values of the entomofauna, although they are within the established range, reveal diversity from low to moderate where the most dominant species have a low influence within the samples and most of them are classified as scarce. There is similarity between the different areas for the same Cleome species; however, among the three species the similarity is low. Correctly managed the entomological component is not an impediment for the conservation of these species in agroecosystems.

Resumen Las especies arvenses son eliminadas de los agroecosistemas al ser consideradas reservorios de organismos plaga ignorándose los beneficios que pueden reportar, de ahí la importancia de realizar investigaciones en este sentido. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar la entomofauna asociada a tres especies arvenses del género Cleome y sus relaciones potenciales con cultivos agrícolas. Se seleccionaron tres áreas de muestreo para cada especie, realizándose un muestreo único mediante la técnica de conteos comunes por hábitat, evaluándose la composición insectil, el porcentaje de representatividad y la proporción de gremios tróficos. De diversidad se tuvo en cuenta la Riqueza de Especies, Dominancia de Simpson, Diversidad general y como medida de similitud se tuvo en cuenta la formación de grupos homogéneos mediante un análisis multivariado (CLUSTER). Se contabilizó un total de 613 individuos, pertenecientes a seis órdenes, 20 familias, 34 géneros y 35 especies. Coleoptera, Lepidoptera e Hymenoptera fueron los órdenes más representados, en tanto, las plagas y los polinizadores fueron los gremios tróficos de mayor proporción. Los valores de diversidad de la entomofauna, aunque están dentro del rango establecido, revelan una diversidad de baja a moderada donde las especies más dominantes tienen una baja influencia dentro de las muestras y en su mayoría son clasificadas como escasas. Existe similitud entre las diferentes áreas para una misma especie de Cleome, sin embargo, entre las tres especies la similitud es baja. El manejo adecuado del componente entomológico no es un impedimento para la conservación de estas especies en los agroecosistemas.

ABSTRACT Entomofauna associated with decaying cadavers may be useful in criminal investigation, either through the development of immature insects of interest or through entomological succession in corpses. These factors may vary if the insects are exposed to toxic substances that can modify the insect's developmental cycle, as well as its own occurrence, which would imply significant changes in the results of any investigation. However, there are few studies on how contamination by toxic compounds can affect the action of insects on carcasses and their consequence for forensic expertise. Therefore, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that the normal visitation of flies and beetles is altered in insecticide-contaminated carcasses. The experiment was carried out in a sugarcane plantation, using pig carcasses contaminated with insecticide and the same number of carcasses without any type of contamination as a control. In all experiments, the contaminated carcasses reached the final phase of decomposition in a longer time than the uncontaminated carcasses of the control group. A total of 2.767 specimens were collected and identified, 2.103 individuals from the order Diptera and 664 from the order Coleoptera. There was a significant geometric regression adjustment during the decomposition phases only for the control group, different from the contaminated carcasses in which this pattern did not occur. Results show that contamination by insecticide alters decomposition time and phase, altering the action of flies and beetles, affecting the abundance, composition of species as well as their activities, which can alter the data used by experts in criminal experts. investigation corpses insect s cycle occurrence However expertise Therefore insecticidecontaminated plantation experiments group 2767 2 767 2.76 identified 2103 103 2.10 66 Coleoptera occur abundance activities 276 76 2.7 210 10 2.1 6 27 7 2. 21 1

Resumo O bambu (Bambusa sp.) é uma espécie de gramínea com alto potencial de exploração de fibras, no entanto, essa matéria-prima é facilmente atacada por agentes xilófagos, como os coleópteros. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a presença de besouros associados a Bambusa sp. em Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado em um plantio de bambu, no período de agosto de 2016 a julho de 2017. Foram utilizados dois modelos de armadilhas etanólicas, o PET Santa Maria e ESALQ-84. Três famílias de coleobrocas foram observadas neste estudo: Bostrichidae, Cerambycidae e Curculionidae. Foram identificados 2,144 indivíduos, pertencentes a 19 espécies, em quatro subfamílias e 11 tribos, e Xyleborus affinis foi a espécie com maior número de indivíduos coletados. Assim, este estudo constitui-se em uma importante contribuição para o conhecimento de coleobrocas associadas a plantios de bamboo, com o registro de ocorrência de espécies, bem como contribui para o conhecimento da entomofauna associada a espécies cultivadas na Amazônia Meridional.

Abstract Bamboo (Bambusa sp.) is a grass species with high potential for exploitation, however, this raw material is easily attacked by xylophagous agents such as Coleoptera. The objective of this study is thus to analyse the presence of wood-boring beetles associated with Bambusa sp. in Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study was carried out in a bamboo plantation, from August 2016 to July 2017. Two models of ethanolic traps were used, PET Santa Maria and ESALQ-84. Three families of wood-boring beetles were observed in this study: Bostrichidae, Cerambycidae and Curculionidae. 2,144 individuals were identified, belonging to 19 species, in four subfamilies and 11 tribes, and the species Xyleborus affinis was the most frequently collected. Thus, this study constitutes an important contribution to the knowledge of coleoborers associated with bamboo plantations, with the registration of the occurrence of species, as well as contributing to the knowledge of the entomofauna associated with species cultivated in the Southern Amazon.

ABSTRACT Caloptilia stigmatella (Fabricius) is recorded for the first time as part of the flora-mining microlepidoptera in the Chapala Riviera in Jalisco, Mexico on a climbing plant identified as Serjania recemosa Schumach, a new host plant. To obtain the adults, larvae, and pupae of Caloptilia stigmatella, collections of leaves with signs of damage due to mining caused by the larvae were made, which were placed in an incubation chamber with controlled temperature and humidity. This gracilarid was originally described in England and is currently distributed throughout Europe, Asia, Canada, and the United States of America feeding on several species of the Salicaceae family, mainly the Salix spp. and Populus spp. genera. Although reports indicate that Caloptilia stigmatella shows a Holarctic distribution, there may be a migration trend towards the Neotropical zone, and despite its preference for feeding on plants of the Salicaceae family, here we find it feeding on a species of Sapindaceae

RESUMEN Se registra por primera vez a Caloptilia stigmatella (Fabricius) como parte de la entomofauna de microlepidópteros minadores de la flora en la Rivera de Chapala en Jalisco, México, sobre una planta trepadora identificada como Serjania recemosa Schumach, nueva planta hospedera. Para la obtención de los adultos, larvas y pupas de Caloptilia stigmatella, se realizaron colectas de hojas con señales de daños por minaduras causadas por las larvas, las cuales fueron colocadas en una cámara de incubación con temperatura y humedad controladas. Este gracilárido fue originalmente descrito en Inglaterra y actualmente se distribuye por toda Europa, Asia, Canadá y en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, alimentándose en varias especies de la familia Salicaceae, principalmente en los géneros Salix spp. y Populus spp. Aunque los reportes indican que Caloptilia stigmatella muestra una distribución Holártica, es posible que exista una tendencia de migración hacia la zona Neotropical y a pesar de su preferencia de alimentación por plantas de la familia Salicaceae, aquí la encontramos alimentándose de una especie de Sapindaceae.

Resumen Se analizó la composición vertical la entomofauna en tres zonas del campus de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia en Bogotá entre los años 2018 y 2020 con el fin de dar a conocer especialmente a la comunidad en general, de la riqueza faunística en este relicto de zonas verdes dentro del paisaje urbano. Para la recolección de los especímenes, se realizaron muestreos estratificados en zonas con diferentes coberturas vegetales en el campus. La entomofauna recolectada se determinó a nivel de familia, para la cual se establecieron los valores de diversidad de Brillouin (B), dominancia (D) y equitatividad de Simpson (1-D). Se evaluó la eficiencia de los muestreos por medio del estimador Chao-1, se establecieron los modelos de abundancia de los sitios de muestreo para conocer su relación con los valores de diversidad y se determinó el nivel trófico de cada uno de los grupos recolectados. Los resultados muestran que la entomofauna de la Ciudad Universitaria está caracterizada por los bajos valores de diversidad, mayores valores de riqueza y abundancia en los estratos herbáceos y por el predominio de grupos de hábitos fitófagos y polífagos.

Abstract The vertical composition of the entomofauna was analyzed in three areas of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá campus, between 2018 and 2020 in order to make known especially to the general community, the faunal richness found in this relict of green areas within the urban landscape. To collect the specimens, stratified samplings were carried out in areas with different plant covers on the university campus. The collected entomofauna was determined at the family level and the values of Brillouin diversity (B), dominance (D) and Simpson’s fairness (1-D) were established. The efficiency of the samplings was evaluated by means of the Chao-1, abundance models of the sampling sites were established to know their relationship with the diversity values and the trophic level of each of the collected groups was determined. Results show that the entomofauna of the Ciudad Universitaria is characterized by low values of diversity, higher values of richness and abundance in the herbaceous strata and by the predominance of groups with phytophagous and polyphagous habits.

RESUMEN Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el desarrollo morfológico y el ciclo biológico de Luffa cylindrica, en diferentes tipos de fertilización (polvo basáltico y NPK), así como identificar la entomofauna visitante. Fue realizado en Canoinhas/SC, en un área de 450 m², organizado en nueve camas: tres con polvo de basalto, tres con NPK y tres sin fertilización (testigo). Las evaluaciones se realizaron quincenalmente, midiendo las variables: número de semillas germinadas, altura de la planta (cm), largo y ancho de hojas y flores (cm), largo del fruto (cm), número de flores y frutos y la presencia o ausencia de frutos dañados y, finalmente, la recolección de insectos visitantes. La especie germinó a los 60 días, sus hojas pueden alcanzar 18,67 cm de largo y 16,72 cm de ancho; 10 flores midiendo en promedio 6,67 cm y 11 frutos de 24,50 cm de largo. Hubo mayor eficiencia del polvo de basalto para altura de planta y número de frutos dañados. Para el número de flores, largo y ancho de flores, el NPK demostró ser más eficiente, en las demás variables no hubo diferencia significativa. De esta forma, el polvo de basalto es una alternativa sostenible para la fertilización, evitando los productos convencionales.

ABSTRACT This research aimed to analyze the morphological development and biological cycle of Luffa cylindrica, in different types of fertilization (basalt powder and NPK), as well as to identify the visiting entomofauna. Research was made in Canoinhas, Santa Catarina State, in a 450 m² area, held in nine flowerbeds: three with basalt powder, three with NPK and three with no fertilization (control test). Evaluations were carried out fortnightly, and variables tested were: number of germinated seeds, plant height (cm), leaves and flowers length and width (cm), fruits length (cm), number of flowers and fruits, damaged fruits (presence or absence) and, finally, collection of visiting insects. The species germinated at 60 days, its leaves can reach 18.67 cm long and 16.72 cm wide; 10 flowers, measuring on average 6.67 cm, and 11 fruits with 24.50 cm in length. Basalt powder efficiency was higher for plant height and number of damaged fruits. For flowers number, length and width of flowers, NPK was more efficient, in the other variables there was no significant difference. Thus, basalt powder is a sustainable fertilizer alternative, avoiding conventional products.