Abstract While early studies on electoral strategies argue that Brazilian system encourages “personal vote” and the creation of geographically located electoral strongholds, latest studies show that the most effective electoral strategy is vote dispersion. According to the contextual perspective, people vote for candidates whose political messages they have access to and who correspond to the demands of the places where they live. Based on the construction of a database regarding the legislative elections from 2010 to 2018 we seek to interpret the results found using this perspective. Starting from the hypothesis of a vote ruled by the way information is diffused in space, we find that most candidates have their strongest vote in their municipality’s electoral domicile, that those with only municipal experience show a voting pattern consistent with the “friends and neighbors” effect, and that there is a party coordination in the formation of candidate lists.Keywords: localism; electoral concentration; electoral strategies; electoral behaviour; electoral geography. personal strongholds dispersion perspective live 201 space municipalitys municipality s domicile friends neighbors effect lists.Keywords listsKeywords lists Keywords localism concentration behaviour geography 20 2

Resumen Mientras que los primeros estudios sobre estrategias electorales sostenían que el sistema adoptado en Brasil fomenta el “voto personal” y la creación de bastiones electorales geográficamente localizados, estudios más recientes demuestran que la estrategia electoral más eficaz es la dispersión de los votos. Según la perspectiva contextual, las personas votan a candidatos a cuyos mensajes políticos tienen acceso y que corresponden a las exigencias de los lugares donde viven. A partir de la construcción de una base de datos sobre las elecciones legislativas de 2010 a 2018, tratamos de interpretar los resultados encontrados desde esta perspectiva. Partiendo de la hipótesis de que el voto se rige por la forma en que se difunde la información en el espacio, comprobamos que la mayoría de los candidatos obtienen el mayor número de votos en su domicilio electoral declarado, que los que sólo tienen experiencia municipal muestran un patrón de voto coherente con el efecto “amigos y vecinos” y que existe una coordinación partidista en la formación de las listas. personal localizados contextual viven 201 2018 espacio declarado amigos vecinos listas 20 2

Résumé Alors que les premières études sur les stratégies électorales soutiennent que le système adopté au Brésil encourage le “vote personnel” et la création de bastions électoraux géographiquement localisés, des études plus récentes montrent que la stratégie électorale la plus efficace est la dispersion des votes. Selon la perspective contextuelle, les électeurs votent pour les candidats dont ils ont accès aux messages politiques et qui correspondent aux demandes des lieux où ils vivent. En construisant une base de données sur les élections législatives de 2010 à 2018, nous cherchons à interpréter les résultats trouvés en utilisant cette perspective. Partant de l’hypothèse d’un vote régi par la manière dont les informations sont diffusées dans l’espace, nous constatons que la plupart des candidats obtiennent leur plus grand nombre de votes dans leur domicile électoral déclaré, que ceux ayant seulement une expérience municipale présentent un schéma de vote cohérent avec l’effet “amis et voisins” et qu’il existe une coordination partisane dans la formation des listes. personnel localisés contextuelle vivent 201 2018 lhypothèse l hypothèse dun d lespace, lespace espace, espace l’espace déclaré leffet effet amis voisins quil qu il listes 20 2

Resumo Enquanto os primeiros estudos sobre estratégias eleitorais argumentam que o sistema adotado no Brasil incentiva o “voto pessoal” e a criação de redutos eleitorais geograficamente localizados, estudos mais recentes demonstram que a estratégia eleitoral mais efetiva é a dispersão dos votos. Segundo a perspectiva contextual, as pessoas votam nos candidatos a cujas mensagens políticas têm acesso e que correspondem às demandas dos lugares onde vivem. A partir da construção de um banco de dados sobre as eleições legislativas de 2010 a 2018, buscamos interpretar os resultados encontrados utilizando essa perspectiva. Partindo da hipótese de uma votação regida pela forma como as informações são difundidas no espaço, encontramos que a maioria dos candidatos tem sua maior votação no seu domicílio eleitoral declarado, que os com apenas experiência municipal apresentam um padrão de votação condizente com o efeito de “amigos e vizinhos” e que existe uma coordenação partidária na formação das listas. voto pessoal localizados votos contextual vivem 201 2018 espaço declarado amigos vizinhos listas 20 2

Abstract This study investigated the effect of dolomitic lime incorporation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of metakaolin-based geopolymers activated by alkaline solution. Five geopolymer mixtures were prepared with the addition of 0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% dolomitic lime. The microstructure of the geopolymers was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD). The compressive strength of the mixtures ranged between 53.2 and 63.0 MPa after 28 days of ambient curing. SEM/EDS analyses showed that the main phases formed were the N-A-S-H gel together with the C-A-S-H and N-M-A-S-H gels in the mixtures with dolomitic lime. In summary, the results showed that the incorporation of dolomitic lime can significantly improve the microstructure and properties of geopolymers. metakaolinbased metakaolin based solution 00 0 0.0% 25 2 5 2.5% 50 5.0% 75 7 7.5% 100 10 10.0 SEM, SEM , (SEM) energydispersive energy dispersive Xray X ray EDS, EDS (EDS) XRD. XRD . (XRD) 532 53 53. 630 63 63. curing SEMEDS NASH N A S H CASH C NMASH M summary 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 1 10. (SEM (EDS (XRD 6 0. 2. 5. 7.

Resumo Este estudo investigou o efeito da incorporação de cal dolomítica na microestrutura e nas propriedades mecânicas de geopolímeros à base de metacaulim ativados por solução alcalina. Foram preparadas cinco misturas de geopolímeros com adição de 0,0%, 2,5%, 5,0%, 7,5% e 10,0% de cal dolomítica. A microestrutura dos geopolímeros foi avaliada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios X (EDS) e análises de difração de raios X (DRX). A resistência à compressão das misturas variou entre 53,2 e 63,0 MPa após 28 dias de cura ambiente. As análises SEM/EDS mostraram que as principais fases formadas foram o gel N-A-S-H juntamente com os géis C-A-S-H e N-M-A-S-H nas misturas com cal dolomítica. Em resumo, os resultados mostraram que a incorporação de cal dolomítica pode melhorar significativamente a microestrutura e as propriedades dos geopolímeros. alcalina 00 0 0,0% 25 2 5 2,5% 50 5,0% 75 7 7,5 100 10 10,0 MEV, MEV , (MEV) EDS (EDS DRX. DRX . (DRX) 532 53 53, 630 63 63, ambiente SEMEDS SEM NASH N S H CASH C NMASH M resumo 0,0 2,5 5,0 7, 1 10, (MEV (DRX 6 0, 2, 5,

EFFECT OF LIQUID SWINE WASTEWATER DOSES ON PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN A CERRADO OXISOL. The addition of organic residues enhances soil and plant organic matter and nutrient content. To gauge the impact of varying liquid swine waste (LSW) levels on soil, we studied changes in a clayey Oxisol’s physical, chemical, and electrochemical traits from the Cerrado. LSW doses (0, 50, 150, 450, 600 m3 ha−1) were applied to the 0-0.20 m layer in a randomized design with three replicates. Post a 30-day incubation at 60% field capacity, the soil underwent mineralogical, physical (clay dispersed in water - CDW), chemical (sodium adsorption ratio - SAR, cation exchange capacity - CEC, base saturation - V%), and electrochemical (pH in H2O and KCl, ApH, point of zero charge - PZC, point of zero salt effect - PZSE, surface electric potential - iµo, and electrical conductivity - EC) analyses. The levels of exchangeable Ca, K, Mg, Na, and available P increased with increasing LSW doses. Increasing LSW doses in the soil led to an increase in EC, but soil salinization was not observed at the highest dose. With the application of LSW doses, there was a decrease in pH, ApH, PZSE, and an increase in CEC, PZC and ψo. Despite the increase in ψo, low clay dispersibility was observed. PHYSICAL OXISOL content (LSW Oxisols Oxisol s Cerrado 0, 0 (0 50 150 450 60 ha−1 ha1 ha 1 00.20 0020 0.20 20 0-0.2 replicates 30day day 30 mineralogical CDW, CDW , CDW) sodium SAR CEC V%, V V% V%) pH HO H O KCl ApH PZSE iµo EC analyses Ca K Mg Na dose ψo ( 5 15 45 6 ha− 00 00.2 002 020 0.2 2 0-0. 3 4 00. 02 0. 0-0 0-

Assessing the dynamics of pollutants in the environment is a very complex challenge, primarily because of the large number of variables involved. Thus, in addition to processes that depend on the physicochemical properties of the pollutant and the main characteristics of the contaminated environment, there are less obvious phenomena that also influence the dynamics of pollutants, such as colloid-mediated transport. The objective of this work is to elucidate the main characteristics of this process and its influence on the transport of pollutants through the soil, taking glyphosate as an example. Although this pollutant is strongly retained by soil components, its presence in groundwater is quite frequent, often due to this facilitated transport by colloids. challenge involved Thus colloidmediated colloid mediated example components frequent colloids

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) is a method of choice for factorial design studies of environmental impacts on plant metabolomes and can be used to quantitatively carry out this comparative analysis. The impacts of seven mixture design extractor systems made up of ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane and their 1:1 binary and 1:1:1 ternary solvents for several replicate experiments (n = 3, 4, 5) were assessed using ASCA models determined from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), near-infrared (NIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements on yerba mate leaf extracts. This analysis considered two-factor effects: secondary sexual dimorphism (male and female plants) and cultivation systems (monoculture and agroforestry), as well as their interaction effect. The three binary solvents were found to be more efficient extractor systems for all four detectors as they found 83 main and interaction effects significant at or above the 95% confidence level compared with only 47 for the pure solvent extracts. Binary solvent extracts resulted in averages between 44.04 and 86.61% for the ASCA total effect variances compared with 40.62 to 71.07% for pure extractors. Of the 60 significant effects found for experiments with 5 repetitions 53 or 88% were obtained with only triplicate determinations. The choice of spectroscopic technique and solvent system have large impacts on metabolomic analysis results. ANOVAsimultaneous ANOVA simultaneous (ASCA ethanol dichloromethane 11 1 1: 111 1:1: n 3 4 Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR, FTIR , (FTIR) nearinfrared near NIR, NIR (NIR) UVVis UV Vis twofactor two factor male plants monoculture agroforestry, agroforestry agroforestry) 8 95 4404 44 04 44.0 8661 86 61 86.61 4062 40 62 40.6 7107 71 07 71.07 extractors 6 88 determinations results (FTIR (NIR 9 440 0 44. 866 86.6 406 40. 710 7 71.0 86. 71.

In the water/triethanolamine/ethanol system, TiCl4 aqueous solution is used as the precursor to regulate the conversion rate of TiCl4 by changing the reaction temperature, water volume, pH value, and ethanol amount. The experiment uses a single-factor method to investigate the dynamic relationship between Ti4+ concentration and time under various factors, thereby achieving controllable TiO2 production. The experimental results showed that under a single factor, the conversion rate showed a trend of first steep and then slow growth within 180 min. After 180 min, the conversion rate tended to stabilize. Considering various factors, it was found that VTiCl4:VC6H15NO3:VH2O:VC2H5OH = 1:6:15:30, pH = 7, reaction time at room temperature was 4 h, and the hydrolysis effect was good. The final conversion rate was 90.46%, and the hydrolysis reaction conforms to the first-order reaction equation. Kinetic parameters: pre-factor (A) = 0.107, activation energy (Ea) = 4488.65 J mol-1. watertriethanolamineethanol triethanolamine system TiCl volume value amount singlefactor factor Ti4 Ti factors TiO production 18 min stabilize VTiCl4VC6H15NO3VH2OVC2H5OH VTiClVCHNOVHOVCHOH VTiCl4 VC6H15NO3 VH2O VC2H5OH VTiCl VC H NO VH O OH 161530, 161530 1 6 15 30, 30 1:6:15:30 7 h good 9046 90 46 90.46% firstorder order equation parameters prefactor pre A (A 0107 0 107 0.107 Ea (Ea 448865 4488 65 4488.6 mol1. mol1 mol 1. mol-1 OVC VCHNO VC6H15NO VHO VCHOH 16153 3 1:6:15:3 904 9 90.46 010 10 0.10 44886 448 4488. mol- 1615 1:6:15: 90.4 01 0.1 44 161 1:6:15 90. 0. 16 1:6:1 1:6: 1:6 1:

ABSTRACT: The study of genotypic relationships between drought tolerance indices and agronomic traits of interest in wheat breeding is useful for designing selection strategies. The objective of this research was to investigate the cause-and-effect relationships between agronomic traits and drought tolerance indices through the analysis of canonical correlations. Two trials (control and stress) were conducted in winter 2020 in Viçosa, MG, Brazil. The traits evaluated were: (days for heading, plant height, mass and number of grains per spike, mass of one hundred grains, and grain yield). Grain yield data from the control and stress conditions were used to construct five drought tolerance indices. The data were subjected to mixed model analysis for estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values (REML/BLUP), and then the genotypic values were used to calculate the correlation coefficients between the traits. Two groups of traits were established for the study of canonical correlations, the first group consisting of agronomic traits and the second by drought tolerance indices. There was a significant genotype effect for all evaluated traits. The canonical pairs were significant, which indicated the existence of dependence between the groups. Days to heading trait can be used in the indirect selection of wheat genotypes for drought tolerance. ABSTRACT strategies causeandeffect cause correlations 202 Viçosa MG Brazil days height spike yield. . yield) REML/BLUP, REMLBLUP REML/BLUP , REML BLUP (REML/BLUP) 20 (REML/BLUP 2

RESUMO: O estudo das relações genotípicas entre índices de tolerância à seca e caracteres agronômicos de interesse no melhoramento de trigo é útil para traçar estratégias de seleção. Objetivou-se com este trabalho investigar as relações de causa e efeito entre características agronômicas e índices de tolerância à seca via análise de correlações canônicas. Dois ensaios (controle e estresse) foram conduzidos no inverno de 2020 em Viçosa, MG, Brasil. Foram avaliados os caracteres (dias para o espigamento, altura da planta, massa e número de grãos por espiga, massa de cem grãos e rendimento de grãos). Os dados de produtividade dos ensaios de controle e estresse foram utilizados para construir cinco índices de tolerância à seca. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de modelos mistos para estimação dos parâmetros genéticos e predição dos valores genotípicos (REML/BLUP), em seguida, os valores genotípicos foram utilizados para calcular os coeficientes de correlação entre os caracteres. Dois grupos de caracteres foram estabelecidos para o estudo das correlações canônicas, sendo o primeiro grupo constituído pelas variáveis agronômicas e o segundo pelos índices de tolerância à seca. Houve efeito significativo de genótipo para todas as características avaliadas. Os pares canônicos foram significativos, o que indicou a existência de dependência entre os grupos. O caráter dias para o espigamento pode ser utilizado na seleção indireta de genótipos de trigo para tolerância à seca. RESUMO Objetivouse Objetivou se canônicas 202 Viçosa MG Brasil planta espiga grãos. . grãos) REML/BLUP, REMLBLUP REML/BLUP , REML BLUP (REML/BLUP) seguida avaliadas significativos 20 (REML/BLUP 2

ABSTRACT There is great interest in varieties with greater competitive ability against weeds. This can be facilitated by path analysis, which involves the statistical evaluation and interpretation of the relationship between yield and its components. In this analysis, the occurrence of multicollinearity results in inconsistent estimates of the coefficients, and overestimates of the direct effects of the explanatory variables on the response variable. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics with the greatest direct effect on pod yield and green and dry bean yields in traditional cowpea varieties, evaluated in competition with weeds in two experiments. In addition, the presence of multicollinearity was investigated in the analyses. In Experiment-1, twelve varieties with the highest bean yields in a preliminary evaluation were assessed in a randomized block design with five replications. In Experiment-2, six varieties, selected in the preliminary evaluation, were assessed using two methods of weed management: three of the most productive and three of the least productive. Randomized blocks and split plots were used, with five replications. Multicollinearity, indicated by the number of conditions and the variance inflation values, was greater in Experiment-2. In the six cases under study (three yields x two experiments), the number of pods per plant had the greatest direct effect on yield. analysis components coefficients variable experiments addition analyses Experiment1, Experiment1 Experiment 1, 1 Experiment-1 replications Experiment2, Experiment2 2, 2 Experiment-2 management used Multicollinearity values Experiment2. 2. experiments, , experiments) Experiment-

ABSTRACT Due to the importance of grain production, and the need to work the soil under limited moisture, the aim of this study was to develop computer software to predict the tractive capacity of wheeled tractors for two types of tyre, the effect of different inflation pressures and levels of soil moisture. A mathematical model was developed to predict the tractive capacity of a 4 x 2 AFT tractor. Software was developed and tested by comparing the computational data with those from tests of a working tractor in the field. The parameters under evaluation were drawbar force and front and rear drive wheel slip. At both moisture levels, the bias tyres had the lowest front to rear slip ratio at the lower pressure; the ratios were similar when equipped with radial tyres. The bias tyres show maximum force at a slip ratio of 1.09 at the higher pressure and 1.03 at the lower, while for the radial tyres the ratio was 1.05 at the higher pressure and 1.07 at the lower. Software was developed to process data from the model, with the results used for estimating the tractive force of the tractor. The tractive force was overestimated by the model, which needs further adjustment for direct application in the field. production tyre field 109 1 09 1.0 103 03 105 05 107 07 10 0 1.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the response of the melon accessions MR1 and C14 to gamma radiation in terms of germination and morphology.The melon accessions came from the germplasm collection of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-arid Region, and were submitted to five doses of gamma radiation (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 Gy) in four replications, each comprising 25 seeds, at the Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture of the University of São Paulo. The seeds were grown in a greenhouse at UFERSA employing a completely randomised design. The germination potential, rate and index were evaluated during the first stage of the trial. During the second stage, the germinated plants were transplanted into eight-litre buckets containing substrate and sand, in four replications of 15 plants each. The inflorescence, leaf blade and fruit were evaluated. The IMAGE J image analysis software was used to obtain the leaf and fruit data. The germination potential varied for the gamma-ray doses being tested, while the germination rate and index were not affected; phenotypic variations were seen in the leaves. The gamma-ray doses had no effect on the germination process. MR C C1 morphologyThe morphology Semiarid Semi arid Region 0, 0 (0 100 200 300 40 Gy 2 Paulo design trial eightlitre eight litre sand 1 inflorescence data gammaray ray tested affected leaves process ( 10 20 30 4 3

Novel nanocomposites synthesized with pollen grain, as a precursor, were tested for CO2 adsorption performance. The pollen-derived carbons were obtained by direct calcination (PC), calcination followed by KOH-chemical activation (PCKOH), and MgO incorporation using high-energy ball-milling (PC-MgO and PCKOH-MgO). All the as-prepared materials were texturally, morphologically and structurally characterized by N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); CO2 adsorption/desorption was measured by thermogravimetry. The four materials were able to adsorb CO2 at 30 ºC and 1 bar, but PCKOH-MgO, with the high surface area (12.4 m2 g-1), total pore volume of (0.13 cm3 g-1) and microporosity, was the best (2.06 mmol g-1 and percentage of adsorption (Qad) = 9.06%, at 1 bar). This result is due to the synergic effect of both synthesis methods. Neither temperature (from 30 to 100 ºC), nor pressure (from 1 to 15 bar), improved the adsorption process of PCKOH-MgO. CO2 desorption times at 300 ºC were 47 min for PCKOH-MgO and 30 min for the other adsorbents, showing the possibility of cycling. Based on the obtained results, the PCKOH-MgO activated carbon nanocomposite stands as a promising adsorbent to be potentially used for industrial CO2 capture applications and to contribute to long-term solutions to avoid dangerous climate-change and reduce CO2 emissions. grain precursor CO performance pollenderived derived PC, PC , (PC) KOHchemical KOH chemical PCKOH, PCKOH (PCKOH) highenergy energy ballmilling ball milling PCMgO PCKOHMgO. PCKOHMgO . PCKOH-MgO) asprepared prepared texturally N physisorption SEMEDS SEM EDS (SEM-EDS Xray X ray XRD (XRD) adsorptiondesorption thermogravimetry 3 bar PCKOHMgO, MgO, 12.4 124 12 4 (12. m g1, g1 g 0.13 013 0 13 (0.1 cm microporosity 2.06 206 2 06 (2.0 g- Qad (Qad 906 9 9.06% bar. bar) methods from 10 ºC, ºC) MgO. adsorbents cycling results longterm long term climatechange climate change emissions (PC (PCKOH (XRD 12. (12 0.1 01 (0. 2.0 20 (2. 90 9.06 (1 0. (0 2. (2 9.0 ( 9.

ABSTRACT: Based on the data of China’s overseas arable land investment in 47 countries along the “Belt and Road”, the Tobit model is used to analyze the effects of cultural distance and friendship cities on the production rates of contracted arable land in China’s overseas arable land investment. This study provided theoretical basis and empirical support for promoting China’s agricultural “going abroad” and improving the production rates of contracted arable land in China’s overseas arable land investment. The results show that differences in cultural distance, power distance and the degree of uncertainty avoidance have significant positive effects on the production rates of contracted arable land in China’s overseas arable land investment, and differences in individualism have a significant negative effect on the production rates. Friendship city has a positive but insignificant effect on the production rates, meanwhile, it also weaken the positive impact of cultural distance on production rates of contracted arable land in China’s overseas arable land investment. The proportion of joint ventures with host country, the economic level and institutional environment of the host country will all have an impact on the production rates. Finally, recommendations are proposed to promote the production rates of contracted arable land, such as focusing on the positive role of cultural distance, establishing friendship cities, and investing host countries with high potential precisely. ABSTRACT Chinas China s 4 Belt Road, Road , Road” going abroad meanwhile Finally precisely

RESUMO: Com base nos dados do investimento da China em terras aráveis no exterior em 47 países ao longo do “Cinturão e Rota”, o modelo Tobit é utilizado para analisar os efeitos da distância cultural e das cidades amigas nas taxas de produção de terras aráveis contratadas no investimento da China em terras aráveis no exterior. Os resultados mostram que as diferenças na distância cultural, na distância de poder e no grau de prevenção de incertezas têm efeitos positivos significativos sobre as taxas de produção de terras aráveis contratadas no investimento em terras aráveis no exterior da China, e as diferenças no individualismo têm um efeito negativo significativo sobre as taxas de produção. As cidades amigas têm um efeito positivo, mas insignificante, sobre as taxas de produção, enquanto estas podem enfraquecer o impacto positivo da distância cultural sobre as taxas de produção de terras aráveis contratadas no investimento em terras aráveis no exterior da China. A proporção de investimento cooperativo entre a China e o país anfitrião, o nível econômico e o ambiente institucional do país anfitrião terão um impacto sobre as taxas de produção. Por fim, são propostas recomendações para promover as taxas de produção das terras aráveis contratadas, tais como a concentração no papel positivo da distância cultural, a criação de cidades da amizade e o investimento em países de acolhimento com elevado potencial. RESUMO 4 Cinturão Rota, Rota , Rota” insignificante fim potencial

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effect of upper eyelid ptosis repairwith Muller muscle-conjunctival resection on meibomian gland function and ocular surface parameters. Methods: Thirty-eight patients who underwent ptosis repair with Muller muscle-conjunctival resection were retrospectively reviewed. Meibomian gland loss, Ocular Surface Disease Index OXFORD score, meiboscore, and noninvasive keratograph break-up time were measured preoperatively and at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months postoperatively. Results: Noninvasive keratograph break-up time values decreased significantly at 1st and 3rd months postoperatively compared to the preoperative level, but were similar to the preoperative level at 6th months postoperatively (p<0.001 and p=0.628, respectively). Ocular surface disease index, OXFORD score, meibomian gland loss, and meiboscore values increased significantly in the 1st and 3rd postoperative months compared to the preoperative period, but these values decreased to preoperative levels in the 6th postoperative month (p<0.001 and p>0.05, respectively). Conclusion: There is a transient deterioration in meibography findings and OSDI score in the early postoperative period afterMuller muscle-conjunctival resection. Patients undergoing Muller muscle-conjunctival resection may require topical lubricants, especially in the first 3 postoperative months. Purpose muscleconjunctival muscle conjunctival parameters Methods Thirtyeight Thirty eight reviewed loss breakup break up st rd th Results p<0.001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0.00 p0628 628 p=0.628 respectively. respectively . respectively) index p005 05 p>0.05 Conclusion lubricants p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.0 p062 62 p=0.62 p00 p>0.0 p<0.0 (p<0. p06 6 p=0.6 p0 p>0. p<0. (p<0 p=0. p>0 p<0 (p< p=0 p> p< (p p=

RESUMO O pimentão, cultura de importância nutricional, destaca-se por seu valor de vitamina C. Diante da necessidade de práticas agrícolas sustentáveis, o estudo explorou o uso de biocarvões derivados de resíduos regionais como alternativa na cultura de pimentão. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de biocarvões provenientes de cama de frango, fibra de coco e palha de arroz, nas características biométricas e físico-químicas de frutos de pimentão verde, na produção de frutos por planta e na produtividade. A pesquisa foi conduzida em campo no delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 × 3 + 1, referentes a cinco doses de biocarvão (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 t ha-1) e três tipos de biocarvão (fibra de coco, cama de aviário e palha de arroz) com quatro repetições, mais um tratamento adicional (adubação mineral). Foram avaliadas variáveis biométricas (comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos, espessura da casca, número de frutos, massa do fruto) e físico-químicas dos frutos (sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, pH, vitamina C e teor de cinzas), produção e produtividade dos frutos. A produção de frutos de pimentão verde não foi influenciada pelos biocarvões, porém as doses de biocarvões influenciaram todas as variáveis analisadas com exceção da espessura da casca. Os teores de vitamina C e de sólidos solúveis foram maiores nos tratamentos com biocarvões e menores com adubação mineral. A maior influência na acidificação dos frutos foi com o biocarvão produzido com palha de arroz. nutricional destacase destaca se sustentáveis contexto objetivouse objetivou frango arroz físicoquímicas físico químicas casualizados 1 0, 0 (0 6 ha1 ha ha-1 repetições mineral . mineral) comprimento casca fruto titulável pH cinzas, cinzas , cinzas) ( ha-

ABSTRACT Bell pepper, a crop of nutritional importance, stands out for its vitamin C content. Given the need for sustainable agricultural practices, the present study explored the use of biochars derived from regional waste as an alternative in bell pepper cultivation. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of biochars from poultry litter, coconut fiber, and rice straw on the biometric and physicochemical characteristics of bell pepper fruits, on fruit production per plant and on fruit yield. The experiment was performed in the field in a randomized block design, in a 5 × 3 + 1 factorial scheme, referring to five doses of biochar (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 t ha-1) and three types of biochar (coconut fiber, poultry litter, and rice straw) with four repetitions, plus an additional treatment (mineral fertilization). Biometric variables (fruit length and diameter, skin thickness, number of fruits, fruit mass) and physicochemical variables of the fruits (soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, vitamin C, and ash content), production and yield of the fruits were evaluated. The production of bell pepper fruits was not influenced by biochars, but the doses of biochars influenced all variables analyzed with the exception of skin thickness. Vitamin C and soluble solids contents were higher in treatments with biochar and lower with mineral fertilizer. Biochar produced from rice straw had the greatest influence on fruit acidification. importance content practices cultivation context litter fiber design scheme 0, 0 (0 6 9 ha1 ha ha-1 repetitions fertilization. fertilization . fertilization) diameter thickness mass acidity pH content, , content) evaluated fertilizer acidification ( ha-

Over the last two decades, metabolomics has emerged as a pivotal tool in multidisciplinary research, providing invaluable insights into metabolome modulations and finding applications across various scientific domains, including medicine and agronomy. Nonetheless, the absence of standardized procedures in sample preparation, data acquisition, and documentation of data quality presents a significant challenge. This review underscores the critical importance of quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) in untargeted metabolomics, advocating for the establishment of agreed-upon QA/QC reporting standards within the scientific community. We discuss the requisite quality controls at various stages of untargeted metabolomics studies, encompassing blank samples, pooled samples, and the utilization of external quality control samples. Methods for assessing accuracy, reproducibility, and identifying/correcting batch effects are addressed. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on standardizing the description of QA/QC data in scientific publications and repositories to foster reproducibility and transparency. We recommend the publication of QC data alongside studies in appropriate databases to facilitate data comparison and sharing among researchers, thereby enhancing the quality of untargeted metabolomics research. In summary, implementing standardized QA/QC data reporting, along with promoting best practices within the untargeted metabolomics community, is crucial for improving result quality and credibility and advancing research utilizing this powerful technique. decades domains agronomy Nonetheless preparation acquisition challenge QAQC QA (QA/QC agreedupon agreed upon community samples accuracy identifyingcorrecting identifying correcting addressed Furthermore transparency researchers summary technique