Abstract Introduction: The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends guidelines to improve the quality of life and survival of cancer survivors, but adherence is low worldwide, and there are no data in Uruguay. Objective: To evaluate the adherence of cancer survivors in Uruguay to the five healthy behavior guidelines recommended by the ACS at the Hospital de Clínicas and the Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Materials and Methods: Observational and prospective study with 288 patients with early-stage cancer (I-III). A questionnaire on healthy habits was used. Patients were classified into low (0-2), moderate (3), and high adherence (4-5). Relationships between adherence and demographic and clinical variables were analyzed using R software. Results: A total of 288 patients were included, 15% consumed enough fruits and vegetables, 63,5% maintained a BMI <30, 32.3% achieved the recommended physical activity, 80.6% did not smoke, and 95,5% did not drink alcohol excessively. Adherence was low in 42%, moderate in 29,5%, and high in 28.5%, being higher among young people (p=0,009), women (p=0,004), patients with higher educational level (p<0,001), and those diagnosed at earlier stages (p=0.009). Conclusions: Most survivors followed the recommendations to abstain from smoking and moderate alcohol consumption, but one-third had a BMI above the recommended level, two-thirds did not reach the recommended level of physical activity, and 85% did not consume the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables. Adherence was lower in older patients, men, those with stage III cancer, and those with lower educational levels, suggesting the need for specific interventions.

Resumo Introdução: A Sociedade Americana do Câncer (ACS) recomenda diretrizes para melhorar a qualidade de vida e a sobrevida dos sobreviventes de câncer, porém a adesão é baixa a nível mundial e não existem dados no Uruguai. Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão dos sobreviventes de câncer no Uruguai às cinco diretrizes de comportamento saudável da ACS no Hospital de Clínicas e no Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional e prospectivo com 288 pacientes com câncer em estágios iniciais (I-III). Foi utilizado um questionário sobre hábitos saudáveis. Os pacientes foram classificados em baixa adesão (0-2), moderada (3) e alta adesão (4-5). Foram analisadas as relações entre a adesão e variáveis demográficas e clínicas utilizando o software R. Resultados: Foram incluídos 288 pacientes, 15% consumiram frutas e vegetais suficientes, 63,5% mantiveram um IMC <30, 32,3% alcançaram o nível recomendado de atividade física, 80,6% não fumavam e 95,5% não consumiam álcool em excesso. A adesão foi baixa em 42%, moderada em 29,5% e alta em 28,5%, sendo maior entre jovens (p=0,009), mulheres (p=0,004), pacientes com maior nível educacional (p<0,001) e em estágios iniciais (p=0,009). Conclusões: A maioria dos sobreviventes seguiu as recomendações para não fumar e moderar o consumo de álcool, mas um terço apresentou IMC superior ao recomendado, dois terços não atingiram o nível de atividade física e 85% não consumiram as frutas e vegetais recomendados. A adesão foi menor em pacientes mais velhos, homens, em estágios III e com menor nível educacional, sugerindo a necessidade de intervenções específicas.

Resumen Introducción: La Sociedad Americana del Cáncer (ACS) recomienda pautas para mejorar la calidad de vida y supervivencia de los sobrevivientes de cáncer, pero la adherencia es baja a nivel mundial y no hay datos en Uruguay. Objetivo: Evaluar la adherencia de los sobrevivientes de cáncer en Uruguay a las cinco pautas de comportamiento saludable de la ACS en el Hospital de Clínicas y el Hospital Departamental de Soriano. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional y prospectivo con 288 pacientes de cáncer precoz (I-III). Se utilizó un cuestionario sobre hábitos saludables. Los pacientes fueron clasificados en baja (0-2), moderada (3) y alta adherencia (4-5). Se analizaron relaciones entre adherencia y variables demográficas y clínicas usando el software R. Resultados: Se incluyeron 288 pacientes, 15% consumió suficientes frutas y verduras, 63,5% mantuvo un IMC <30, 32,3% logró la actividad física recomendada, 80,6% no fumaba y 95,5% no bebía alcohol en exceso. La adherencia fue baja en 42%, moderada en 29,5% y alta en 28,5%, siendo mayor entre jóvenes (p=0,009), mujeres (p=0,004), pacientes con mayor nivel educativo (p<0,001) y en estadios tempranos (p=0,009). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los sobrevivientes siguieron las recomendaciones para no fumar y moderar el consumo de alcohol, pero un tercio tenía un IMC superior al recomendado, dos tercios no alcanzaban el nivel de actividad física y el 85% no consumía las frutas y verduras recomendadas. La adherencia fue menor en pacientes mayores, hombres, con estadios III y menor nivel educativo, sugiriendo necesidad de intervenciones específicas.

Resumen: La ingeniería civil industrial es una profesión con una fuerte base científica. En Chile, se ha comenzado a innovar los planes de estudios con un currículum basado en competencias con resultados de aprendizaje. Esto ha llevado a que los cuerpos académicos también deban ajustar sus metodologías y estrategias de enseñanza con el propósito de mejorar la formación profesional. Ante esto, la sistematización pedagógica se basó en una metodología de análisis de casos con estrategias de gamificación, el objetivo fue determinar el efecto del análisis de casos, con estrategias de gamificación como enfoque didáctico para la enseñanza de conceptos de innovación, competitividad, emprendimiento y creatividad. Participaron 32 estudiantes pertenecientes a la sección B del curso Gestión de la Innovación. Se planteó una secuencia didáctica de ocho sesiones, con diversos casos representativos de la temática. Para el análisis de los desempeños se construyó y validó una rúbrica analítica y se utilizó la escala de experiencia de aprendizaje (CEQ), adaptada por Marchant, Fauré y Abricot (2016) para el contexto chileno. Dentro de los hallazgos se evidencia que el estudiantado logra satisfactoriamente los desempeños esperados para la actividad curricular al presentar dificultades en elementos genéricos de la formación. Con respecto a la experiencia formativa y las dimensiones evaluadas, el alumnado considera que la experiencia formativa contó con una docencia de calidad, las metas y objetivos propuestos fueron claros, alcanzables y los instrumentos de evaluación son apropiados. En conclusión, proponer una secuencia didáctica con una metodología activa mejora el desempeño académico y la motivación.

Resumo: A engenharia civil industrial é uma profissão com forte base científica. No Chile, os planos de estudo começaram a ser inovados com um currículo baseado em competências com resultados de aprendizagem. Isto levou a que os órgãos académicos também tivessem de ajustar as suas metodologias e estratégias de ensino com o objetivo de melhorar a formação profissional. Diante disso, a sistematização pedagógica baseou-se em uma metodologia de análise de casos com estratégias de gamificação, o objetivo foi determinar o efeito da análise de casos, com estratégias de gamificação como enfoque didático para o ensino de conceitos de inovação, competitividade, empreendedorismo e criatividade. Participaram 32 alunos pertencentes à secção B do curso de Gestão da Inovação. Foi proposta uma sequência didática de oito sessões, com diversos casos representativos da temática. Para a análise dos desempenhos, foi construída e validada uma rubrica analítica e utilizada a escala de experiência de aprendizagem (CEQ), adaptada por Marchant, Fauré e Abricot (2016) para o contexto chileno. Dentro dos achados, fica evidente que o estudantado alcança satisfatoriamente os desempenhos esperados para a atividade curricular ao apresentarem dificuldades em elementos genéricos da formação. A respeito da experiência formativa e das dimensões avaliadas, os alunos consideram que a experiência formativa incluiu uma docência de qualidade, as metas e objetivos propostos foram claros, alcançáveis e os instrumentos de avaliação são adequados. Concluindo, propor uma sequência didática com metodologia ativa melhora o desempenho acadêmico e a motivação.

Abstract: Industrial civil engineering is a profession with a very solid scientific base. In Chile, it has begun to innovate the educational curricula with a curriculum based on competencies and learning outcomes. This has led academic institutions to adapt their methodologies and teaching strategies to improve professional training. In this context, the pedagogical systematization was based on a case analysis methodology with gamification strategies. The objective was to determine the effect of case analysis with gamification strategies as a didactic approach for teaching the concepts of innovation, competitiveness, entrepreneurship and creativity. Thirty-two students from Section B of the Innovation Management course participated. A didactic sequence of eight sessions was proposed, with a number of cases that were representative of the subject matter. To analyze the results, an analytical rubric was designed and validated, using the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) adapted to the Chilean context by Marchant, Fauré and Abricot (2016). The results show, among other things, that students achieve the expected achievements for the curricular activity in a satisfactory manner when they encounter difficulties in the generic elements of the education. Regarding the formative experience and the dimensions evaluated, the students consider that the formative experience included quality teaching, that the proposed objectives were clear and achievable, and that the evaluation instruments were appropriate. In conclusion, the proposal of a didactic sequence with an active methodology improves academic performance and motivation.

Abstract Teacher professional development is a key factor in enhancing pedagogical interactions. However, implementing programs that are tailored to teachers' specific needs and teaching contexts remains challenging. This article examines a professional development program in pedagogical mediation based on action research, designed for early childhood educators in Chile. The study employed a case study design, involving nineteen teachers and six trainer educators. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and written reports, which were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings highlight four key aspects for teacher professional development: reflective chaining, video-based training, the role of the critical friend, and work within professional learning communities. These categories form a continuous action-research and reflection spiral that enhances teaching professionalism and self-awareness of practice, promoting a shift from the individual to the collective and from the simple to the complex. This approach fosters a collaborative culture of improvement, strengthening professional development and serving as a model for other programs that contribute to quality in this educational level.

Resumen El desarrollo profesional docente es un aspecto clave para mejorar las interacciones pedagógicas. No obstante, la implementación de programas adaptados a las necesidades específicas del profesorado y a sus contextos de enseñanza sigue siendo un desafío. Este artículo analiza un programa de desarrollo profesional en mediación pedagógica basado en la investigación-acción, dirigido a maestras de educación infantil en Chile. El diseño fue un estudio de caso, que consideró la participación de diecinueve educadoras y seis docentes formadores. La información se recogió mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas e informes escritos, analizados a través de un análisis temático reflexivo. Los resultados destacan cuatro aspectos clave para el desarrollo profesional docente: encadenamiento reflexivo, video-formación, rol del amigo crítico y trabajo en comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje. Las categorías analizadas configuran un espiral continuo de investigación-acción y reflexión que potencia la profesionalidad docente y la autoconciencia sobre la práctica, promoviendo un tránsito de lo individual a lo colectivo y de lo simple a lo complejo. Este enfoque fomenta una cultura colaborativa de mejora, fortaleciendo el desarrollo profesional y sirviendo como modelo para otros programas que contribuyen a la calidad de este nivel educativo.

Resumen Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Abstract Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Resumo Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Abstract The objective of this research was to verify the relationship between educational level, quality of life, functional capacity and cognitive abilities in a group of people over 60 years of age. Quantitative methodology was used, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design. A sample of 120 older people was selected through non-probabilistic sampling and divided into: people with complete or incomplete primary education, people with complete or incomplete secondary education, and people with complete or incomplete higher education. The data collection instruments were the MoCA test to evaluate cognitive functions, the ViDA questionnaire to evaluate functional capacity, and the WHOQoL to collect data on quality of life. It was confirmed through the Chi-square test that there is a relationship between the level of education and functional capacity, cognitive capacity and the physical dimension of quality of life. Using the Mann-Whitney U test, it was found that there are significant differences regarding cognitive ability in all groups. Thus, emphasis was placed on formal education as a necessary instance for healthy aging, which must be accompanied by informal education strategies.

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue constatar la relación existente entre el nivel educativo, calidad de vida, capacidad funcional y capacidades cognitivas en un grupo de personas mayores de 60 años. Se utilizó la metodología cuantitativa, con diseño no experimental, transversal, correlacional. Se seleccionó una muestra de 120 personas mayores, mediante muestreo no probabilístico y divididos en: personas con primaria completa o incompleta, personas con estudios secundarios completos o incompletos y personas con estudios de nivel superior completos o incompletos. Los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron el test MoCA para evaluar funciones cognitivas, el cuestionario ViDA para evaluar la capacidad funcional, y el WHOQoL para recoger datos sobre la calidad de vida. Se constató mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado que existe una relación entre el nivel de estudios y la capacidad funcional, la capacidad cognitiva y la dimensión física de la calidad de vida. Mediante la prueba U de Mann-Whitney se encontró que existen diferencias significativas respecto a la capacidad cognitiva en todos los grupos. Así, se hizo hincapié en la educación formal como una instancia necesaria para el envejecimiento saludable, que debe ser acompañada por estrategias de educación informal.

ABSTRACT: The dentistry career of the Universidad de La Frontera since its inception, has stood out for its emphasis on public health and prevention, experiencing several adjustments in its curriculum and identifying as main axes in the training in Dentistry: the Mention in Prevention and the Updating of National Standards in higher education. On the other hand, from the year 2023 to date, the career is in the fourth process of self-evaluation, awaiting the visit of peer evaluators and also in a process of Curricular Redesign from 2021 to the present, which is in advanced stages; both processes are aligned with the Educational Model of the UFRO. In relation to the various high impact methodologies, the career has implemented some of these in its various curricular lines, such as inverted classroom, problem-based learning, learning plus service and simulation, integrating theory and practice in the learning processes of the students of the career. In short, the importance of continually updating teaching methods and content in order to remain at the forefront of dental education is emphasized.

RESUMEN: La carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de La Frontera desde su inicio, ha destacado por su énfasis en la salud pública y la prevención, experimentando diversos ajustes en su Plan de Estudios e identificándose como ejes principales en la formación en Odontología: la Mención en Prevención y la Actualización de los Estándares nacionales en educación superior. Por otro lado, desde el año 2023 a la fecha, la carrera se encuentra en el cuarto proceso de autoevaluación, a la espera de la visita de los pares evaluadores y, además, en un proceso de Rediseño Curricular desde el año 2021 a la actualidad, el que se encuentra en etapas avanzadas; ambos procesos están alineados con el Modelo Educativo de la UFRO. En relación a las diversas metodologías de alto impacto, la carrera ha implementado algunas de estas en sus diversas líneas curriculares, tales como, aula invertida, aprendizaje basado en problemas, aprendizaje más servicio y simulación, integrando la teoría y práctica en los procesos de aprendizaje del estudiantado de la carrera. En definitiva, se destaca la importancia de actualizar continuamente los métodos y contenidos de enseñanza para mantenerse a la vanguardia en la formación odontológica.

Unconscious bias involves making decisions, interpreting situations and forming assumptions about people based on past experiences, stereotypes, ingrained thoughts and deep-seated ideas. In diverse multicultural societies, unconscious bias has been extensively studied for its impact on social inequity including access to quality healthcare. In addition, unconscious bias can influence assessment outcomes in medical practitioner training, potentially hindering advancement towards establishing a diverse health workforce. This paper reflects on perspectives on unconscious bias in postgraduate assessments utilising a South African model as an illustration. The authors propose some practical strategies to address unconscious bias in specialist training and assessment.

Abstract: This preliminary study presents the results of applying a decision method based on linear aggregation of criteria to identify safe route networks to educational centers in Alto Valle Este (Argentina), focusing on students using active mobility. Key factors such as distance, road safety, and the quality of pedestrian infrastructure are examined and georeferenced using GIS. These factors are analyzed to prioritize criteria and identify optimal route networks using Dijkstra's algorithm. Additionally, information on safe corridors proposed by the safety council for educational institutions is incorporated as constraints in the multicriteria decision method. In conclusion, the applied methodology is a robust tool for identifying safe route networks, offering greater coverage for students who rely on active transport modes to access education.

Resumen: Este estudio preliminar presenta los resultados de la aplicación de un método de decisión basado en la agregación lineal de criterios, para identificar redes de caminos seguros hacia centros educativos en el Alto Valle Este (Argentina), enfocado en estudiantes que utilizan movilidad activa. Se examinan factores clave como la distancia, la seguridad vial y la calidad de la infraestructura peatonal, georreferenciados mediante GIS. Estos factores son analizados para determinar las prioridades en los criterios e identificar las redes de recorridos óptimos, utilizando el algoritmo de Dijkstra. Además, se incorpora como restricciones en el método de decisión multicriterio, información adicional sobre corredores seguros propuestos por el consejo de seguridad de las instituciones educativas. En conclusión, la metodología aplicada es una herramienta robusta para la identificación de redes de recorridos seguros, ofreciendo una mayor cobertura para estudiantes que dependen de medios activos de transporte para acceder a la educación.

BACKGROUND: In resource-limited emergency settings, blood testing is crucial for diagnostics but can lead to financial strain and diagnostic challenges if used indiscriminately. This quality improvement project (QIP) aimed to identify commonly requested blood tests in an emergency department (ED), assess their appropriateness, and establish evidence-based guidelines for judicious use. This project was conducted during the family medicine rotation of interns at a tertiary hospital in a semi-urban area. METHODS: The Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) method was employed. Pre- and post-intervention data were collected. An educational intervention, featuring informative visual aids was implemented to help guide the medical practitioners in the unit on appropriate blood test ordering RESULTS: The intervention led to a significant 48.7% reduction in total daily blood tests ordered, with a notable decrease in full-panel requests and an increase in individual test ordering. CONCLUSION: Educational interventions, aimed at guiding blood test requests, can significantly reduce unnecessary testing. Long-term data collection is necessary to confirm sustained changes in practice. CONTRIBUTION: Our findings indicate that clear, evidence-based guidelines for the judicious use of blood tests can positively impact test ordering, particularly in resource-limited settings, and suggest opportunities for further long-term studies.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos as an educational resource about retinopathy of prematurity. Methods: Videos were sourced from YouTube using the search terms “retinopathy of prematurity” and “premature retinopathy” with the default settings. Each video was assessed on the following metrics: views, likes, dislikes, comments, upload source, country of origin, view ratio, like ratio, and video power index. The quality and reliability of the videos were evaluated by two independent researchers using the DISCERN questionnaire, the JAMA benchmarks, the Global Quality Score scale, the Health on the Net Code of Conduct, and the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients scale. Results: The study assessed 92 videos, the majority of which (42 videos, 45.7%) originated from the United States. Most of the videos focused on screening, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (61.9%). The primary contributors were medical organizations (19 videos, 20.6%), nonacademic health channels (19 videos, 20.6%), and physicians (15 videos, 16.3%). Significant differences were found between the DISCERN (p=0.003), JAMA (p=0.001), Global Quality Score (p=0.003), Health on the Net Code of Conduct (p=0.006), and Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (p=0.001) scores among different video sources. However, the key video metrics did not differ. Using the DISCERN and Global Quality Score scales, the overall YouTube video content on retinopathy of prematurity was rated as moderate in quality. Using the Health On the Net Code of Conduct and Ensuring Quality Information for Patients scales, it was rated as high quality. Strong correlations were observed between the scores on all of the scales (p<0.001). Conclusion: Videos from medical organizations and healthcare centers were of a higher quality than those from nonmedical sources. Despite the varied foci of each evaluation scale, the strong correlation between them indicates that they provide reliable and comprehensive assessments of the quality of informational content.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although multiple strategies have been suggested for evidence-based practice educational interventions, few studies have focused on the development of abilities for evidence-based practice implementation. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of evidence-based practice in higher education and understand its teaching methods. DESIGN AND SETTING: Narrative review was conducted at the Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: Narrative review included research studies that measured any type of evidence-based practice teaching method and its effectiveness. Searches included publications from inception to June 2022, conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL, ERIC, and the Cochrane Library. Two independent authors descriptively extracted and analyzed the data. The methodological quality of the studies was also analyzed. RESULTS: The results determined that 79.2% of the studies proved their effectiveness. Teaching methods varied according to the time period, format, and types of questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies demonstrated the effectiveness of the chosen teaching methods. This study shows the importance of health professionals using evidence-based practice to ensure effective patient treatment.

BACKGROUND: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common condition that can severely hinder an athlete's ability to perform and compete at their full potential and overall well-being. The emergence of self-management programmes presents a potential treatment avenue for athletes with PFPS. Self-management programmes aim to empower patients through education, symptom monitoring, tailored exercises, and gradual activity progression while respecting pain thresholds. Despite their potential benefits, limited data evaluates the effectiveness of self-management programmes specifically tailored for athletes with PFPS. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of self-management programmes in improving pain and functional ability among athletes with PFPS. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials comparing self-management interventions to other treatments or control groups for improving pain and functional ability among athletes with patellofemoral pain syndrome were included. Studies including athletes with PFPS (defined as pain persisting for >12 weeks) were eligible. Four reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. RESULTS: Three trials involving 139 participants met the eligibility criteria. Identified self-management programmes comprised exercises, mindfulness training, and educational programmes tailored to athletes. Two of the eligible studies identified found that exercise consisting of the combination of mindfulness and/or dry needling reported an enhanced recovery rate in the studied population with regards to PFPS. The other study reported no added benefit whether exercise or education was used as a modality for the self-management of PFPS. CONCLUSION: While some studies showed promising results for self-management programmes involving exercises and mindfulness in managing patellofemoral pain syndrome among athletes, the overall evidence could be more extensive and consistent. High-quality controlled trials with consistent methodology and athletic populations are needed to identify the most effective self-management approaches for patellofemoral pain syndrome in athletes.

Resumo O objetivo é analisar as tendências das iniquidades educacionais na mortalidade por câncer gástrico em adultos (25 anos ou mais), por sexo e faixa etária na Colômbia, de 1998 a 2015. Estudo ecológico de séries temporais usando estatísticas vitais colombianas e estimativas populacionais oficiais. Foram calculadas taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade (TMPI por 100.000 pessoas-ano) para câncer gástrico por nível educacional, sexo e faixa etária. Os rate ratios (RR) e o índice de desigualdades relativas (RDI) foram calculados por meio de regressão de Poisson. As mudanças ao longo do tempo no TMPI e RDI foram analisadas usando análise de joinpoint. Foram registrados 80.520 óbitos por câncer gástrico entre adultos, 60% entre homens. Maiores TMPI foram encontrados em níveis educacionais mais baixos. A desigualdade medida pelo IDR foi menor nas mulheres do que nos homens. Foram encontradas maiores desigualdades relativas em homens jovens e de meia-idade, e taxas de mortalidade mais altas e um maior aumento nas desigualdades relativas em homens mais velhos. É necessário abordar programas de saúde pública voltados para o fortalecimento da qualidade de vida das populações identificadas como estando em risco de câncer de estômago.

Resumen El objetivo es analizar las tendencias de las inequidades educativas en la mortalidad por cáncer gástrico en adultos (25 años y más), por sexo y grupo de edad en Colombia, 1998-2015. Estudio de series de tiempo ecológicas utilizando estadísticas vitales colombianas y estimaciones oficiales de población. Las tasas de mortalidad estandarizadas por edad (TMEE por 100.000 personas-año) por cáncer gástrico se calcularon por nivel educativo, sexo y grupo de edad. los rate ratios (RR) y el Índice Relativo de Inequidades (IRI) se calcularon mediante regresión de Poisson. Los cambios a lo largo del tiempo en TMEE y IRI se analizaron mediante análisis de puntos de unión. Se registraron 80.520 muertes por cáncer gástrico entre adultos, 60% entre hombres. Se encontraron TMEE más altas en niveles educativos más bajos. La desigualdad medida por el IDR fue menor para las mujeres que para los hombres. Se encontraron mayores desigualdades relativas en los hombres jóvenes y de mediana edad, y los hombres de mayor edad sufrieron mayores tasas de mortalidad y un mayor aumento de las desigualdades relativas. Es necesario abordar programas de salud pública dirigidos a fortalecer la calidad de vida de las poblaciones identificadas en riesgo de padecer cáncer de estómago.

Abstract Trends in educational inequalities in adult (25 years old and over) gastric cancer mortality by sex and age group in Colombia from 1998-2015 were analyzed. An ecological time series study was conducted using Colombian vital statistics and official population estimations. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR per 100,000 person-years) for gastric cancer were calculated separately by educational level, sex, and grouped age. A Poisson regression model was used to calculate rates ratios (RR) and the Relative Index of Inequalities (RII). The changes over time of the ASMR and RII were analyzed using a joinpoint analysis. During the study period, 80,520 deaths from gastric cancer were recorded among adults, 60% among men. Higher ASMRs were found in the lower educational levels. The inequality measured by the RII was lower among women compared to men. Young and middle-aged men suffered from the highest relative inequalities, while older men bore the toll of higher mortality rates and a greater increase in relative inequalities. It is necessary to address public health programs aimed at strengthening the quality of life of the populations identified as at risk of stomach cancer.

RESUMO A solução fundamental para o problema do entupimento do emissor é explorar o projeto ideal da estrutura do emissor e melhorar sua capacidade anti-entupimento. O objetivo da pesquisa foi selecionar a forma estrutural ideal do caminho de fluxo do emissor em sistemas de irrigação por gotejamento utilizando fontes de água de qualidade inferior, proporcionando suporte teórico para melhorar a capacidade anti-obstrução do próprio emissor e para o projeto de novos produtos de emissores. A seleção da estrutura do caminho do fluxo do emissor não tem sido conduzida com base na determinação do modelo de simulação apropriado com a condição complexa de qualidade da água. Para tanto, determinou-se o modelo de movimento interno do fluido adequado do emissor, e avaliou-se de forma abrangente o desempenho hidráulico e o desempenho anti-entupimento das cinco estruturas representativas da trajetória de fluxo no país e no exterior, e finalmente determinou-se a estrutura ótima da trajetória de fluxo do emissor. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que o modelo RNG k-ε foi o mais adequado para simular a área do fluxo no emissor por meio da análise abrangente da lacuna entre os valores simulados e os valores medidos, da precisão do cálculo e da eficiência computacional. A trajetória de fluxo fractal foi relativamente ótima para o desempenho hidráulico e para o desempenho anti-entupimento. Este estudo pode fornecer suporte teórico para melhorar a própria habilidade anti-obstrução do emissor e o projeto de novo produto de emissor. antientupimento. antientupimento anti entupimento. inferior antiobstrução obstrução emissores tanto determinouse determinou se avaliouse avaliou exterior kε k ε medidos computacional

ABSTRACT The fundamental solution to the problem of emitter clogging is to explore the optimal structure design of emitter and improve its anti-clogging ability. The research objective was to select the optimal structural form of the emitter flow path in drip irrigation systems using inferior water sources, which can provide theoretical support for improving the anti-clogging ability of the emitter itself and designing new emitter products. The selection of the flow path structure of the emitter has not been conducted on the basis of determining the appropriate simulation model with the condition of complex water quality. Therefore, the appropriate internal fluid movement model of the emitter was determined, the hydraulic performance and anti-clogging performance of the five nationally and internationally representative flow path structures were comprehensively evaluated, and finally the optimal structure of the emitter flow path was determined. The research results indicated that RNG k - ε model was the most suitable to simulate the flow field in the emitter by comprehensive analysis of the gap between simulated values and the measured values, the calculation accuracy and computational efficiency. The fractal flow path was relatively optimal for hydraulic performance and for anti-clogging performance. This study can provide theoretical support for improving the anti-clogging ability of the emitter itself and the design of the new emitter product. anticlogging anti sources products quality Therefore determined evaluated efficiency product

Resumo O presente trabalho discute a relação entre leitura e escrita a partir de três modelos teóricos centrais à sua compreensão, o modelo funcional, o modelo sociocognitivo e o modelo cognitivo compartilhado, e tem como objetivo investigativo descrever a importância do modelo cognitivo compartilhado por sua relevância à compreensão da alfabetização em acordo com as políticas educacionais brasileiras mais recentes, a saber: a Base Nacional Comum Curricular e o Compromisso Nacional Criança Alfabetizada. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza exploratória. Os resultados da análise demonstraram que há uma relação próxima entre o modelo cognitivo compartilhado e as políticas educacionais atuais, inclusive, acarretando benefícios no tocante ao ensino-aprendizagem das habilidades de ler e de escrever favoráveis à melhoria na qualidade da alfabetização, à formação docente, ao fortalecimento de conhecimentos sobre o português e ao alcance das metas das políticas educacionais previamente mencionadas.

Summary The present work discusses the relationship between reading and writing based on three theoretical models central to its understanding, the functional model, the sociocognitive model and the shared cognitive model. Moreover, this article aims to describe the importance of the shared cognitive model due to its relevance to understanding the literacy in accordance with the most recent Brazilian educational policies, namely: the National Common Curricular Base and the National Literacy Child Commitment. To this end, an exploratory bibliographical research was carried out. The results of the analysis demonstrated that there is a close relationship between the shared cogntive model and current educational policies, including benefits regarding the teaching-learning of reading and writing skills, favorable to improving the quality of literacy, teacher training, strengthening knowledge about Portuguese and achieving the goals of the previously mentioned educational policies.