Abstract Purpose: To identify the challenges faced by nanomedicine in Mexico, according to the opinion of experts in the field. Methodological design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Mexican researchers in the field of nanomedicine. The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Interviews were both online and face-to-face. The information was processed with ATLAS.ti software. Results: Challenges were identified in different areas: financing, social benefit, human resources, infrastructure, nanotoxicology, patenting, preclinical and clinical research, academia-industry linkage, regulation, scientific policy and multidisciplinary work. Research limitations: Interviews included researchers only. It would be necessary to interview other agents involved in the nanomedicine chain of value, such as entrepreneurs and health sector managers. Findings: The main challenges facing nanomedical research in Mexico are the following: reduced funding, research with little impact on society, lack of specific educational programs in nanomedicine, low patenting activity, weak links between academia and industry, and lack of regulation. Some proposals to address these challenges are analyzed in this paper.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar los desafíos que enfrenta la investigación en nanomedicina en México según la opinión de expertos en la materia. Diseño metodológico: Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a investigadores mexicanos del área de nanomedicina. Los entrevistados fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo intencional. Las entrevistas se llevaron a cabo de manera presencial y a distancia. El procesamiento de la información se realizó con el software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: Se identificaron desafíos en distintos rubros: financiamiento, beneficio social, recursos humanos, infraestructura, nanotoxicología, patentamiento, investigación preclínica y clínica, vinculación academia-industria, regulación, política científica y trabajo multidisciplinario. Limitaciones de la investigación: Las entrevistas se realizaron únicamente a investigadores. Sería necesario entrevistar a otros agentes involucrados en la cadena de valor de la nanomedicina tales como empresarios y funcionarios del sector salud. Hallazgos: Los principales desafíos que enfrenta la investigación nanomédica en México son el financiamiento reducido, investigaciones con poca incidencia en la sociedad, inexistencia de programas educativos específicos en nanomedicina, escaso patentamiento, nula vinculación con empresas y falta de regulación. Algunas propuestas para encarar estos desafíos se analizan en el presente trabajo.

RESUMEN Programa de Apoyo a los Estudiantes Argentinos (PROG.R.ES.AR) es una política direccionada a jóvenes de hogares desfavorecidos Esta transferencia monetaria condicionada, por población alcanzada y esfuerzo fiscal, constituye la principal iniciativa en Argentina hacia el segmento y una de las más relevantes en América Latina. Este trabajo identifica y sigue en el tiempo a sus beneficiarios, con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto del programa por medio de indicadores laborales, así como de logros educativos. Se utilizaron las metodologías de diferencias en diferencias y de regresión discontinua. Los resultados no permiten dar cuenta de un impacto significativo en las tasas de actividad y empleo de los beneficiarios del programa, ni de una mejora en el logro educativo.

ABSTRACT Programa de Apoyo a los Estudiantes Argentinos (PROG.R.ES.AR) is a conditional cash transfer targeted to students from disadvantaged households. This program intends to tackle youth disparities encouraging youth’s human capital investments to improve labor profiles. In terms of population reach and fiscal effort, PROG.R.ES.AR is the main policy aimed at young people in Argentina and one of the most relevant in Latin America. This work identifies and tracks its beneficiaries over time, in order to evaluate the impact of the program through labor indicators as well as educational achievements. Difference-in-difference and discontinuous regression methodologies were used. The results do not allow us to account for a significant impact on the activity and employment rates of the program’s beneficiaries, nor for an improvement in educational achievement

Abstract In 2017, Decree 1421 was issued in Colombia, according to which all schools in the country were to welcome students with disabilities and offer them quality opportunities for their entry, permanence and graduation. The Ministry of Education (MEN, 2017a) gave a deadline of five years for this policy to be implemented in the national territory, counted from its approval. The objective of this research is to characterize the pedagogical practices, knowledge and institutional conditions (pedagogical and administrative type) in which a sample of Colombian teachers work, six years after the decree was issued. For this purpose, a transectional non-experimental quantitative design was used and a scale was applied to 249 teachers of early childhood education, elementary school, junior high school and vocational middle school. Based on the findings obtained, it can be concluded that there is a positive change in the pedagogical practices and knowledge of those teachers who have training in inclusion and who work in private schools that receive students with these life trajectories. Even so, the institutional conditions of the teachers surveyed still do not respond to inclusive institutional projects. Since, at the time of writing this paper, we did not find other similar studies in the country, these results are discussed in the light of international research on the subject and in the framework of national policy, and allow extrapolating the challenges faced by the Colombian educational system in welcoming students with disabilities.

Resumen En 2017 se expidió en Colombia el decreto 1421, según el cual todas las escuelas del país debían acoger estudiantes con discapacidad y ofrecerles oportunidades de calidad para su ingreso, permanencia y egreso. El Ministerio de Educación dio un plazo de cinco años, contados a partir de su aprobación, para que esta política se implementara en todo el territorio nacional. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar las prácticas pedagógicas, los conocimientos y las condiciones institucionales (de tipo pedagógico-administrativo), en las que labora una muestra de docentes colombianos, seis años después de expedido el decreto. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo no experimental transeccional y la aplicación de una escala a 249 maestros y maestras de distintos niveles educativos. Con base en los hallazgos obtenidos, puede concluirse que hay un cambio positivo en las prácticas pedagógicas y los conocimientos de aquellos docentes que cuentan con formación en inclusión y que laboran en colegios que acogen alumnado con estas trayectorias de vida. Aun así, las condiciones institucionales del profesorado encuestado todavía no responden a proyectos inclusivos. Estos resultados se discuten a la luz de los retos que enfrenta el sistema educativo colombiano en pro de atender alumnado con discapacidad.

Resumen: Este estudio examina cómo se aprovechó la Copa Mundial de la FIFA Qatar 2022 como herramienta educativa en las escuelas de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Utilizando una metodología exploratoria mixta, se analizó primero la integración del sitio web Golazo. El mundial en la escuela en el currículo escolar, a través de una revisión documental de las actividades publicadas en la plataforma por 97 escuelas primarias. Estas actividades reflejan una transversalidad de materias, con el evento mundialista incorporado en el aprendizaje de ciencias naturales, sociales, matemáticas, entre otras. En la segunda fase del estudio, se emplearon entrevistas semiestructuradas con veinte docentes de Bahía Blanca para captar sus percepciones sobre el impacto del Mundial en la dinámica educativa. Los hallazgos revelan que el Mundial no solo generó un aumento significativo en el interés de los estudiantes, sino que también facilitó un enfoque pedagógico más integrador y motivador. Este enfoque permitió a los docentes utilizar el evento como un pivote para la enseñanza de diversas competencias y valores, lo que destaca la efectividad del fútbol como herramienta educativa transversal.

Resumo: Este estudo examina como a Copa do Mundo de Futebol Catar 2022 foi utilizada como ferramenta educativa nas escolas da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Utilizando uma metodologia exploratória mista, analisou-se primeiro a integração do siteGolazo.El mundial en la escuelano currículo escolar, por meio de uma revisão documental das atividades publicadas na plataforma por 97 escolas primárias. Essas atividades refletem uma transversalidade de matérias, com o evento mundialista incorporado no aprendizado de ciências naturais, sociais, matemática, entre outras. Na segunda fase do estudo, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte docentes de Bahía Blanca para captar suas percepções sobre o impacto da Copa do Mundo na dinâmica educativa. Os resultados revelam que a Copa do Mundo não apenas gerou um aumento significativo no interesse dos alunos, mas também facilitou uma abordagem pedagógica mais integradora e motivadora. Essa abordagem permitiu que os docentes utilizassem o evento como um pivô para o ensino de diversas competências e valores, destacando a eficácia do futebol como ferramenta educativa transversal.

Abstract: This study examines how the Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup was utilized as an educational tool in schools across the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Using a mixed exploratory methodology, the research first analyzed the integration of the website Golazo. El mundial en la escuela into the school curriculum through a documentary review of activities published on the platform by 97 primary schools. These activities reflect a cross-disciplinary approach, with the World Cup incorporated into the teaching of natural sciences, social studies, mathematics, and other subjects. In the second phase of the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty teachers from Bahía Blanca to gather their perceptions of the World Cup's impact on educational dynamics. The findings reveal that the World Cup not only significantly increased student engagement but also facilitated a more integrative and motivating pedagogical approach. This approach allowed teachers to use the event as a pivot for teaching various skills and values, highlighting the effectiveness of soccer as a cross-cutting educational tool.

Abstract The meanings that people construct about concepts influence public policy; therefore, identifying them is significant for achieving a successful implementation process. In Mexico, the obligation of public officials to mainstream the gender perspective (GP) coexists and comes into tension with social debates surrounding the GP and its growing disapproval by conservative groups. The objective of the study was to understand and analyze the social representations (SR) of the gender perspective (GP) among teachers during the 2017-2018 school year in three public primary schools in León, Guanajuato, as well as its influence on the application of the GP in the school environment. The methodological design was qualitative and based on feminist theory and SR theory. Group interviews were conducted with 21 teachers from 1st, 4th, and 6th grades. Findings suggest that the SR held by teachers about the GP do not lead to actions that result in a correct application of the GP because their way of meaning gender and the GP lacks adequate information and is based on notions acquired from colloquial and media use. This poses an obstacle to achieving substantive equality in the educational field and is a consequence of a broader problem where the concept of gender has been trivialized, causing a theoretical and practical issue that needs further analysis.

Resumen Los significados que las personas construyen sobre los conceptos influyen en la política pública, por lo tanto, identificarlos es significativo para lograr un proceso de implementación exitoso. En México, la obligación que tiene el funcionariado público de transversalizar la perspectiva de género (PG) coexiste y entra en tensión con los debates sociales en torno a la PG y su creciente desprestigio por parte de grupos conservadores. El objetivo del estudio fue conocer y analizar las representaciones sociales (RS) de la PG de docentes del ciclo escolar 2017-2018 de tres escuelas primarias públicas de León, Guanajuato, así como su influencia en la aplicación de la PG en el ámbito escolar. El diseño metodológico fue cualitativo, con base en la teoría feminista y la teoría de las RS. Se realizaron entrevistas grupales con 21 docentes de 1°, 4° y 6° de primaria. Los hallazgos sugieren que las RS que mantienen las y los docentes sobre la PG no conducen a acciones que conlleven a una aplicación correcta de la PG pues su manera de significar lo que es género y PG carece de información adecuada y está basada en nociones adquiridas de su uso coloquial y mediático. Esto supone un obstáculo para el logro de la igualdad sustantiva en el ámbito educativo y es consecuencia de un problema más amplio donde el concepto de género se ha banalizado, provocando un problema teórico y práctico que debe seguirse analizando.

Abstract: The primary objective of this research study is to assess the factors that influence student’s preference of professors. Preferring the same professor multiple times is associated with factors such as time dedicated to the subject taught by the professor in question, reason for enrollment, and preparation of classes. Through the J48 algorithm of the Weka program, the primary variables students prioritize when repeatedly selecting the same professor are predicted. Training with 50% of the data and validating with the remaining 50% achieve this prediction with effectiveness greater than 83%. The results show that the most influential variables are: 1) the professor did everything possible for students to learn, 2) depth of learning, 3) pleasant work style, 4) preparation of classes, 5) encouragement on the topics covered, and 6) endeavors to help students learn. It is concluded that identifying these variables facilitates the design of educational policies focused on students and professors.

Resumen: El principal objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar los factores que influyen en los estudiantes para preferir un docente. Preferir varias veces un mismo docente está asociado con factores como el tiempo dedicado a la asignatura impartida por el profesor en cuestión, el motivo de la inscripción y la preparación de clases. Por medio del algoritmo J48 del programa Weka, se predicen las principales variables que priorizan los estudiantes al preferir un mismo docente varias veces. Entrenando con el 50% de los datos y validando con el 50% restante, se logra realizar esta predicción con una efectividad superior al 83%. Los resultados muestran que las variables más influyentes son: 1) hizo lo posible porque aprendiera, 2) aprender con profundidad, 3) trabajar agradablemente, 4) preparación de clases, 5) motivar temas tratados y 6) preocuparse porque aprendan. Se concluye que la identificación de estas variables facilita el diseño de políticas educativas enfocadas en los estudiantes y los docentes.

Abstract: The purpose of this research lies in evaluating the current state of higher university education about bioethics studies in the faculties of health sciences in the Peruvian territory. The methodological design adopts a descriptive level with a mixed approach that is divided into two stages: The first consists of a qualitative theoretical-analytical-rational analysis, followed by a subsequent empirical analysis with a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach. The main discoveries refer to the existence of nineteen licensed public universities in Peru that offer the Human Medicine degree. However, it was found that the Bioethics course is only available in nine of these institutions. In summary, it can be affirmed that in the educational programs of careers related to health sciences, attempts are made to address ethical principles from different perspectives, for example, through courses on general ethics or deontology. However, this strategy is not considered adequate. In addition, it is imperative to promote an educational policy within the faculties of health sciences that mandates the mandatory inclusion of a bioethics course in the curricula of health sciences programs.

Resumen: El propósito de esta investigación es evaluar el estado actual de la educación universitaria superior en relación con los estudios de Bioética en las facultades de ciencias de la salud en el territorio peruano. El diseño metodológico adopta un nivel descriptivo con enfoque mixto dividido en dos etapas: la primera consistió en un análisis teórico analítico-racional cualitativo, seguido de un análisis empírico posterior con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Los principales descubrimientos se refieren a la existencia de diecinueve universidades públicas licenciadas en el Perú que ofrecen la carrera de Medicina Humana. Sin embargo, se constató que el curso de Bioética sólo está disponible en nueve de estas instituciones. En resumen, se puede afirmar que en los programas educativos de las carreras relacionadas con ciencias de la salud se intenta abordar los principios éticos desde perspectivas distintas, por ejemplo, a través de cursos de ética general o deontología. No obstante, esta estrategia no es considerada adecuada, por lo que es imperativo promover una política educativa dentro de las facultades de ciencias de la salud que ordene la inclusión obligatoria de un curso de Bioética en los planes de estudio de los programas de ciencias de la salud.

Resumo: O propósito dessa investigação é avaliar o estado atual da educação universitária superior em relação aos estudos de bioética nas faculdades de ciências da saúde no Peru. O desenho metodológico adotou um nível descritivo com enfoque misto que se dividiu em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu em uma análise teórica analítico-racional qualitativa, seguida de uma análise empírica posterior com enfoque quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. Os principais achados se referem à existência de dezenove universidades públicas licenciadas no Perú que oferecem a carreira de Medicina Humana. Sem dúvida, constatou-se que o curso de Bioética só se encontra disponível em nove destas instituições. Em resumo, pode-se afirmar que nos programas educativos das carreiras relacionadas com ciências da saúde tenta-se abordar os princípios éticos a partir de diferentes perspectivas, por exemplo, através de cursos de ética geral ou deontologia. Apesar disso, essa estratégia não é considerada adequada. Além disso, é imperativo promover uma política educativa dentro das faculdades de ciências da saúde que determine a inclusão obrigatória de um curso de bioética nos planos de estudo dos programas de ciências da saúde.

This article addresses teachers' emotional responses to educational reforms and changes as identified in their metaphoric narratives. Therefore, it reflects the policy impacts on teachers' practice and professional well-being. An analysis of narratives extracted from semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis (Badal, 2018) sought to reveal the representations of teachers' emotions as expressed through their use of metaphors in their discussions of the educational reform known as CAPS. Although that 2018 study did not investigate the teachers' metaphor usage, noticing their prevalence provided an opportunity to advance the research by analysing the metaphors used by the participants. Drawing on the framework of conceptual metaphors in research on educational change, this study generates insights into how teachers' metaphors can serve as windows into their emotional responses amidst the backdrop of structural and systemic oppression. It further recommends that teachers reclaim their voices amidst the tumultuous torrents of educational reform. The findings also contribute to the scholarly discourse on educational practice and policy.

En los últimos cincuenta años, la tecnología de la información se ha integrado gradualmente en el sistema educativo brasileño. Esta integración pasó por varias fases y programas, cada uno con sus propios objetivos y desafíos. Desde el Decreto N° 84.067 de 1979, que estableció la Política Nacional de Tecnologías de la Información, hasta la creación de ProInfo en 1997 y la Política de Innovación en Educación Conectada (PIEC) en 2023, ha habido importantes avances, pero también dificultades en la implementación efectiva de estos. políticas. Este estudo busca comprender las políticas públicas enfocadas en tecnologías de la información en un contexto histórico, explorando su evolución dentro de la educación brasileña y destacando iniciativas y programas que moldearon la inserción de las tecnologías digitales en la enseñanza. Para la construcción de este artículo se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, con investigación bibliográfica. Con esta historia, fue posible construir una línea de tiempo interactiva que presenta las políticas públicas diseñadas en Brasil para la informatización de las escuelas y la formación de profesores, culminando con la enseñanza de la informática, actualmente propuesta para las escuelas de educación básica brasileñas, en el Currículo Base Común Nacional y su Complemento.

Nos últimos cinquenta anos, a informática tem sido gradualmente integrada ao sistema educacional brasileiro. Essa integração passou por várias fases e programas, cada um com suas metas e desafios. Desde o Decreto nº 84.067 em 1979, que instituiu a Política Nacional de Informática, até a criação do ProInfo em 1997 e a Política de Inovação Educação Conectada (PIEC) em 2023, houve progressos significativos, mas também dificuldades na implementação eficaz dessas políticas. Este estudo busca compreender em um contexto histórico as políticas públicas voltadas para a informática, explorando a sua evolução no âmbito da educação brasileira, e destacando iniciativas e programas que moldaram  a inserção de tecnologias digitais no ensino. Para a construção deste artigo, foi adotada uma abordagem qualitativa, com pesquisa bibliográfica. Com esse histórico, foi possível construir uma linha do tempo interativa que apresenta as políticas públicas concebidas no Brasil para a informatização das escolas e formação de professores, culminando no ensino da computação, proposto atualmente para as escolas de educação básica brasileiras, na Base Nacional Comum Curricular e seu Complemento.

Over the past fifty years, computer science has been gradually integrated into the Brazilian education system. This integration has gone through several phases and programs, each with its own goals and challenges. Since Decree No. 84,067 in 1979, which established the National Computer Science Policy, to the creation of ProInfo in 1997 and the Connected Education Innovation Policy (PIEC) in 2023, there has been significant progress, but also difficulties in the effective implementation of these policies. This study seeks to understand public policies aimed at computer science in a historical context, exploring their evolution within the scope of Brazilian education, and highlighting initiatives and programs that shaped the insertion of digital technologies in teaching. To construct this article, a qualitative approach was adopted, with bibliographical research. With this history, it was possible to build an interactive timeline that presents the public policies designed in Brazil for the computerization of schools and teacher training, culminating in the teaching of computer science, currently proposed for Brazilian basic education schools, in the National Common Curricular Base and its Complement.

O debate acadêmico sobre internacionalização do ensino superior, acumulado nas últimas três décadas, discorre sobre estratégias de políticas científicas de universidades e governos no intuito de galgarem melhores posições em rankings universitários. No Brasil, a internacionalização está bastante vinculada à Avaliação dos Programas de Pós-graduação (CAPES), sendo um dos principais indicadores, meta fundamental para o desenvolvimento científico e excelência do ensino superior do país. Esta pesquisa realiza uma análise cientométrica da produção do conhecimento sobre o tema a partir de 251 teses e dissertações, defendidas entre 2013-2022, com o objetivo de responder: a) quais os temas predominantes nessas produções e como eles dialogam entre si? b) Como essa produção se comporta em suas dimensões geográfica, institucional e de campo de conhecimento? Como resultados, constatamos que a produção se destaca nas áreas de Educação e Administração, com concentração na região sul. Tematicamente, é significativa a ênfase na avaliação da ciência e dos programas de pós-graduação, a dimensão estudantil em programas de mobilidade internacional, além de aspectos relativos ao ensino. A análise de rede bimodal (áreas e palavras) nos permite indicar a evidência de pelo menos quatro agendas de pesquisa: (i) Políticas educacionais e de ensino, com ênfase para a pós-graduação, (ii) Gestão e planejamento do ensino e das IES, (iii) Língua estrangeira e colonialidade, e (iv) Políticas governamentais, regulação e produção acadêmica.

The academic debate about internationalization of higher education, which has accumulated over the last three decades, discusses the scientific policy strategies of universities and governments in order to achieve better positions in university rankings. In Brazil, internationalization is linked to the Evaluation of Postgraduate Programmes (CAPES), which is one of the main indicators, and is a fundamental goal for scientific development and excellence in higher education in the country. This research conducts a scientometric analysis of the production of knowledge on the subject from 251 theses and dissertations defended between 2013-2022, with the aim of answering: a) what are the predominant themes in these productions and how do they dialogue with each other? b) How does this production behave in its geographical, institutional and field of knowledge dimensions? We found that the production stands out in the areas of Education and Administration, with a concentration in the southern region. Thematically, there is a significant emphasis on the evaluation of science and postgraduate programs, the student dimension in international mobility programs, and aspects related to teaching. In addition, the bimodal network analysis (areas and words) allows us to point to evidence of at least four research agendas: (i) Educational and teaching policies, with an emphasis on postgraduate level, (ii) Management and planning of teaching and HEIs, (iii) Foreign language and coloniality, and (iv) Government policies, regulation and academic production.

The objective of this work is to present the preliminary results of a study that aims to investigate the consequences of the implementation of the educational itineraries in the public system on the experience of teaching and learning of faculty and students. To achieve this, we conducted qualitative research with field observation work in a full-time school in Campinas-SP and semistructured interviews with the faculty and students. The interviews were analyzed from the perspective of Content Analysis, which resulted in thematic categories, with the following most frequent themes: strategies, affections, time, university entrance exam, relation to conventional classes and methodology among the faculty; and of affections, relation to conventional classes, university entrance exam and relevance of the teacher among the students. These themes point to the perception of the deepening of inequality brought by the itineraries, to the distancing between the expectations and interests of the school community and the policy and to the centrality of the faculty work in the process of curriculum adaptation.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa que busca investigar as consequências da implementação dos itinerários formativos na rede pública para a experiência de ensino e aprendizagem de docentes e estudantes. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com trabalho de observação de campo em uma escola de tempo integral de Campinas-SP, além de entrevistas semiestruturadas com docentes e estudantes. As entrevistas foram analisadas sob a perspectiva da Análise de Conteúdo que resultou em categorias temáticas, constatando-se a maior frequência dos temas: estratégias, afetos, tempo, vestibular, relação com as disciplinas tradicionais e metodologia entre as docentes; e afetos, relação com as disciplinas tradicionais, vestibular e relevância do professor entre as estudantes. Essas temáticas apontam para a percepção do aprofundamento da desigualdade proporcionada pelos itinerários, para o distanciamento entre as expectativas e interesses da comunidade escolar e a política e para a centralidade do trabalho docente no processo de tradução do currículo.

Abstract: This article analyzes the statements, expressed through their documents, on teacher professionalization of three international organizations: the Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture; the Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture-Unesco and the Inter American Development Bank. The purpose was to identify their explicit and implicit stances on this issue, in the understanding that their discourses, policies and practices of teacher professionalization are part of the processes of production of the social in general and particularly of the educational field. A content analysis of the selected documents was carried out from a critical point of view to the discourse. The results show that a hybrid position on professionalization prevails, although mostly characterized by a teacher-school managerial approach. The conclusions invite us to consider hybridism as a predominant feature of policy-oriented documents addressed to multiple audiences and contexts.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza los discursos, a través de sus documentos, sobre profesionalización docente de tres organismos internacionales: Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura; Oficina Regional de Educación para América Latina y el Caribe-Unesco y Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. El objetivo fue identificar sus posiciones explícitas e implícitas en esta temática, entendiendo que sus discursos, políticas y prácticas de profesionalización docente forman parte de los procesos de producción de lo social en general y del campo educativo en particular. Se realizó un análisis de contenido de los documentos seleccionados desde una aproximación crítica al discurso. Los resultados muestran que predomina una posición híbrida respecto de la profesionalización, aunque mayormente caracterizada por la gestión del profesorado-escuela. Las conclusiones invitan a pensar sobre el hibridismo como rasgo predominante de los documentos orientados a la política y dirigidos a múltiples audiencias y contextos.

Abstract: This article presents an analysis of the National Education and Memory Program as a public policy implemented in Argentina to teach the recent past of state terrorism in the realm of educational. As a result of the debates in the field of social memory studies and the particular features of this policy, four tensions surrounding its implementation emerged: the formation of the work team, the tension between institutionality and militancy, and between public policies on memory and civil society, and the debates on representation. This is a systematic analysis of the original stage of a central policy within the universe of reparation policies in Argentina, and the first of its kind. It views the state through a theoretical-methodological lens as a complex actor embroiled in disputes over the meaning of the past.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un análisis del Programa Nacional Educación y Memoria como política pública implementada en Argentina para la transmisión del pasado reciente de terrorismo de Estado en el ámbito educativo. A la luz de los debates abiertos en el campo de estudios de la memoria social y de las particularidades de esta política, se reponen cuatro tensiones observadas en su implementación: la conformación del equipo de trabajo, la tensión entre institucionalidad y militancia, la tensión entre políticas públicas de memoria y sociedad civil, y los debates sobre la representación. Se trata de un análisis sistemático sobre la etapa originaria de una política central dentro del universo de políticas reparatorias en Argentina que no cuenta con antecedentes en el campo, y que adopta una perspectiva teórico-metodológica para pensar al Estado como un actor complejo inmerso dentro de las disputas por el sentido del pasado.

ABSTRACT Using data from the 2020 higher education admission process, this article analyzes the distributive behavior of the special quotas of a Chilean socio-educational inclusion policy. Several indicators have been created to profile both the demand and the programmatic offer that adheres to this initiative. The results show that the allocation of special quotas is neither homogeneous nor random; the higher the elitism, academic profile and socioeconomic characteristics of a program's enrollment, the lower its number of vacancies for special admission. Likewise, special quotas increase in programs with low levels of demand and that concentrate students with low performance in admission tests. The conclusions discuss whether the contribution of the most prestigious programs make to social inclusion is more symbolic than real, as well as the configuration of a logic of instrumental use of special admission in programs with low demand.

RESUMEN Utilizando datos del proceso de admisión a la educación superior en 2020, este artículo analiza el comportamiento distributivo de los cupos especiales de una política de inclusión socioeducativa chilena. Se crearon distintos indicadores para perfilar tanto la demanda como la oferta programática que adhiere a esta iniciativa. Los resultados evidencian que la asignación de cupos especiales no es homogénea ni azarosa; conforme mayor es la elitización, perfil académico y atributos socioeconómicos de la matrícula de un programa, menor es su cantidad de vacantes para admisión especial. Asimismo, los cupos especiales aumentan en carreras con bajos niveles de demanda y que concentran estudiantes con bajo desempeño en pruebas de admisión. Las conclusiones discuten si la contribución que los programas de mayor prestigio hacen a la inclusión social es más simbólica que real, así como la configuración de una lógica de uso instrumental de la admisión especial en programas de baja demanda.

The research discussed in this article explores the experiences of special needs educators teaching the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) to diverse learners in a Cape Town special school. This study delves into how six teachers positioned themselves within the school's discourses and culture, employing an interpretive approach and drawing on theoretical frameworks such as Lefebvre's theory of spatial production, Bourdieu's concept of habitus, and Nespor's ideas related to bodies in space. The results highlighted the impact of the school's institutional culture, influenced by class, race, and age, on the teachers' personal and professional socialisation experiences. The research for this article focused on the real-life encounters of special needs educators handling diverse students in a Cape Town school, while implementing the CAPS curriculum. The study investigated how six teachers positioned themselves in relation to the prevailing discourses and culture of the school by taking an interpretivist approach and drawing on Lefebvre's theory of the creation of space, Bourdieu's (1977) idea of habitus, and Nespor's (1997) theory regarding bodies in space. The results showed that the institutional culture of the school, which was moulded by concerns of class, colour, and age, had a substantial impact on the socialisation processes of the teachers on a personal and professional level. These teachers were able to reposition themselves in relation to the institutional culture and to establish their professional identities based on their individualised ways of acting and living in the school. The study's conclusions have consequences for teacher education and policy development, highlighting the necessity of viewing these instructors as a result of the uneven South African educational system rather than as a homogenous group.