Abstract Incorporating BIM in the education of professionals has become a demand and a topic of high importance for higher education. Several proposals for a curricular implementation of BIM exist. However, in most cases, they are specific to a single university or domain, do not consider academic policies or simplify practice by segmenting knowledge. This work proposes a protocol for the curricular implementation of BIM similar to the industry, considering aspects of process, technology, and policies aligned with the educational institution's mission and with existing competencies. Action research was the used method. Three actions were conducted: (1) proposition, (2) systematization and (3) application. The actions were executed in cycles incrementally, resulting in (1) guidelines, (2) supporting tools and (3) implementation plans. Two Brazilian universities participated in pilot studies of Project Construa Brasil. The pilot studies inspired a network of BIM cells that have synchronously applied curricular BIM implementation guidelines on a large scale. The guidelines proved to be generic and comprehensive, guiding the transformation with an empirical basis for the academics' decision-making. Leadership of a BIM specialist was confirmed as an essential factor of success. It is observed that even with a timid introduction of BIM competence in a limited scope of engineering solutions, the impact on the BIM maturity curriculum is significant. exist However cases domain knowledge industry process technology institutions institution s competencies method conducted 1 (1 proposition 2 (2 3 (3 application incrementally plans Brasil scale comprehensive academics decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making success solutions significant (

Resumo Incorporar o BIM na formação de profissionais tornou-se uma demanda e um tema de grande importância para o ensino superior. Existem várias propostas de implementação curricular do BIM. No entanto, na maioria dos casos, são específicos de uma única universidade oudomínio, não contemplam políticas acadêmicas ou simplificam a prática segmentando o conhecimento. Este trabalho propõe um protocolo para a implementação curricular do BIM semelhante aoda indústria, considerando aspectos de processo, tecnologia e políticas alinhados com a missão da instituição de ensino e com as competências existentes. Pesquisa-ação foi o método utilizado. Três ações foram realizadas: (1) proposição, (2) sistematização e (3) aplicação. As ações foram realizadas em ciclos de forma incremental, resultando em (1) diretrizes, (2) ferramentas de apoio e (3) planos de implementação. Duas universidades brasileiras participaram de estudos-piloto do Projeto Construa Brasil. Os estudos-piloto inspiraram uma rede de células BIM que aplicaram as diretrizes curriculares de implementação BIM em larga escala. As diretrizes mostraram-se genéricas e abrangentes, orientando a transformação com base empírica para a tomada de decisão dos acadêmicos. A facilitação de um especialista BIM foi confirmada como fator essencial de sucesso. Observa-se que, mesmo com uma tímida introdução de competências BIM em um escopo limitado de soluções de engenharia, o impacto na maturidade BIM do currículo é significativo. tornouse tornou se superior entanto casos oudomínio conhecimento indústria processo existentes Pesquisaação Pesquisa ação utilizado 1 (1 proposição 2 (2 3 (3 aplicação incremental estudospiloto estudos piloto Brasil escala mostraramse mostraram abrangentes acadêmicos sucesso Observase Observa engenharia significativo (

Instructional leadership practices in terms of defining the school mission, managing instructional programmes, and developing a positive school learning climate are significantly and positively associated with teachers' effectiveness. Such practices have also been found to be critical in promoting teacher learning and development both at school and higher education levels. The key question posed in this study was what mathematics teachers' perceptions of their principal's management of the instructional programme of their schools were. The Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale was used as a lens for evaluating teacher perceptions in the study. The study was conducted in two Quintiles 1-3 schools in the town of Kariega, Eastern Cape, South Africa where two secondary school and three primary school teachers participated. The lower socioeconomic status of the two schools under scrutiny seemed to have played a role in the teachers' perceptions of the principals' role as instructional leader. Although the principals conducted and facilitated several professional development sessions with the mathematics teachers, the principal and his assistants were not always familiar with the mathematics pedagogical content knowledge that was required to evaluate lessons at the required level. Factors such as learner discipline, lack of parental support, and socioeconomic problems surrounding the school had an impact on the principals' ability to exercise instructional leadership in their schools.

Abstract: This article reports a study documenting managerial leadership within the schoolwork in tele-secondary institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic. The approach was qualitative with case study support. An exploratory stage was carried out, with the participation of management and teaching staff from the State of Veracruz, Mexico, and another in-depth stage, which resulted in the selection of two cases. The analysis presented focuses on a school principal and the center where he works; with the support of Atlas.ti, three categories were defined: teacher well-being, closeness to the students and professional learning community. The results show that what prevailed was the physical, labor and emotional well-being of teachers; the search for permanence and learning of the students, as well as the constitution of a professional learning community. We recognized that the possibility of innovation in education emerged, even amidst the health crisis.

Resumen: Este artículo presenta un estudio que documenta el liderazgo directivo dentro del trabajo escolar en telesecundaria durante la pandemia por covid-19. El enfoque fue cualitativo con apoyo en el estudio de casos. Se desarrolló una etapa exploratoria, con participación de personal directivo y docente de Veracruz, México, y otra de profundización, que permitió la selección de dos casos. El análisis presentado se enfoca en un director y la escuela donde labora; con apoyo en Atlas.ti, se definieron tres categorías: bienestar docente, cercanía con el alumnado y comunidad profesional de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran el cuidado del bienestar físico, laboral y emocional docente; se procuró la permanencia y los aprendizajes del alumnado, así como la constitución de una comunidad profesional de aprendizaje. Se reconoció que, en medio de la crisis sanitaria, germinó la posibilidad de innovar en la educación.

RESUMEN El desempeño pedagógico del director para contribuir a la calidad de los procesos educativos en la República Dominicana ha de gestarse desde las ciencias. Desde esta perspectiva, las contradicciones que evidencia la práctica con respecto a la teoría, constituyen la génesis de este artículo. De ahí que declare como objetivo: Argumentar la coherencia que manifiesta el desempeño pedagógico del director escolar conforme a los fundamentos teóricos, metodológicos, científicos y tecnológicos que le sustentan en el contexto actual del nivel secundario en la República Dominicana. El estudio cualitativo se sustentó en el enfoque dialectico materialista para la consulta crítica de los referentes del objeto de estudio, con otros métodos del nivel teórico: Analítico sintético, Histórico-lógico, Inductivo -deductivo y Modelación. Del nivel empírico se utilizaron los siguientes: estudio documental, observación, encuesta, entrevista, prueba de desempeño y consulta a especialistas. En síntesis, la sistematización de las posiciones actuales sobre el desempeño pedagógico del director escolar en la sociedad actual y su impacto en el cumplimiento de las metas educativas, reveló el abordaje de este accionar directivo en la gestión pedagógica con una perspectiva compleja y competitiva que implica lo científico-tecnológico al potenciar la formación de un ciudadano preparado y comprometido con el futuro.

ABSTRACT The pedagogical performance of the director to contribute to the quality of educational processes in the Dominican Republic must be developed from the sciences. From this perspective, the contradictions evidenced by practice with respect to theory constitute the genesis of this article. Hence, the objective is declared: To argue the coherence that the pedagogical performance of the school director manifests in accordance with the theoretical, methodological, scientific and technological foundations that support him in the current context of the secondary level in the Dominican Republic. The qualitative study was based on the materialist dialectical approach for the critical consultation of the referents of the object of study, with other methods at the theoretical level: synthetic analytic, historical-logical, inductive-deductive and modeling. At the empirical level, the following were used: documentary study, observation, survey, interview, performance test and consultation with specialists. In summary, the systematization of current positions on the pedagogical performance of the school director in today's society and its impact on the fulfillment of educational goals, revealed the approach to this directive action in pedagogical management with a complex and competitive perspective that implies the scientific-technological by promoting the formation of a citizen prepared and committed to the future.

The high level of inequality in South Africa has widened the gap between rural and urban schools, and the performance of rural schools has been continuously declining compared to urban schools. Poor performance in rural schools is perpetuated by parents being absent from their children's education because the socio-economic conditions and their educational background do not allow them to commit their time and energy towards education. Learners are left on their own to decide their future. The disparity between rural and urban schooling was further exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. As schools were closed during lockdown, teaching and learning was suspended in rural schools, however, in urban schools teaching and learning continued through online platforms. The lockdowns gave parents an opportunity to teach, advocate, and create conducive spaces to help their children focus on learning. During lockdowns, parents were expected to act as teachers in their homes to educate their children, and therefore, school closure presented opportunities for parents to actively participate in their children's education. However, their socio-economic conditions and poor educational backgrounds continue to threaten effective parental engagement, posing a threat to the academic success of rural learners. Despite attempts by the government to introduce school governing bodies in schools as a structure to integrate schools and parents, the problem of little parental engagement remains unresolved. The purpose with this study was to empower parents in rural areas to effectively participate in their children's education.

Resumen: El presente artículo analizó las teorías de aprendizaje prevalentes en las asignaturas de inglés y liderazgo en instituciones de educación tecnológica de la ciudad de Quito, durante el período enero-mayo 2023 a través de la técnica de observación no participante. La metodología cualitativa en la que se apoyó este artículo fue la propuesta de Tranfield y Denyer que hace alusión a la revisión bibliográfica para poder sustentar las diversas teorías de aprendizaje existentes. La información obtenida fue analizada y contrastada desarrollando cuadros de comparación entre teorías de aprendizaje aplicadas en el aula; las mismas que influyen significativamente en el aprendizaje en los estudiantes de educación superior. Una vez observadas las clases y aplicadas las rúbricas, los resultados obtenidos fueron que las teorías más aplicadas han sido la constructivista, cognitivista y conectivista. Esto respondió a los temas abordados y a las actividades desarrolladas por parte de los estudiantes.

Abstract: This article examines the prevalent learning theories in English and Leadership subjects in Higher Education Institutions in Quito, from January to May 2023, through the non-participant observation technique. The qualitative methodology applied is based on the approach proposed by Tranfield and Denyer, which involves a literature review to support through the different existing learning theories. The gathered information was analyzed and compared by creating tables of comparison between the learning theories applied in the classroom, which significantly influence in the learning of higher education students. The results, obtained after observing the classes and applying rubrics, showed that the most frequently applied theories were constructivism, cognitivism, and connectivism. This choice was influenced by the topics covered and the activities carried out by the students.

Resumen: Las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales se refieren a la aplicación planificada y efectiva de habilidades de liderazgo, toma de decisiones, innovación y gestión de recursos con el fin de optimizar la dirección escolar. El objetivo del presente artículo fue analizar teóricamente las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales del personal directivo en el mejoramiento de la gestión en las instituciones educativas. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, utilizando los motores de búsqueda Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science y Google Scholar, de acuerdo con criterios de inclusión predeterminados. Los resultados permitieron seleccionar veinticinco (n=25) documentos para la revisión. El análisis bibliográfico permitió discernir analíticamente las perspectivas de los directores sobre las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales desde la gestión educativa. Se concluyó que las estrategias de habilidades gerenciales representan un pilar fundamental para el progreso y eficacia de los entornos educativos, revelándose como un factor clave para alcanzar los objetivos y políticas esenciales de las institución educativas.

Abstract: Management skills strategies refer to the planned and effective application of leadership, decision-making, innovation and resource management skills in order to optimize school direction. The objective of this article was to theoretically analyze the strategies of managerial skills of managers in the improvement of management in educational institutions. A bibliographic review was carried out, using the search engines Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science and Google Scholar, according to predetermined inclusion criteria. The results allowed to select twenty-five (n=25) documents for the review. The bibliographic analysis allowed to analytically discern the perspectives of the directors on the strategies of managerial skills from the educational management. It is concluded that management skills strategies represent a fundamental pillar for the progress and effectiveness of educational environments, revealing itself as a key factor to achieve the essential objectives and policies of educational institutions.

Resumen: En los sistemas educativos, los modelos de gestión se adaptan con la finalidad de fortalecer el sistema en su conjunto, mejorar la calidad educativa y propender al desarrollo del conocimiento. Por lo tanto, las instituciones de educación superior (IES) deben adoptar nuevos modelos de gestión que permita una administración eficiente para alcanzar sus metas. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar tres modelos de gestión: Garvin, Deming e ISO 21001:2018, mediante un enfoque analítico-sintético-deductivo. Además, se ha buscado hacer una triangulación de información que permita realizar un análisis comparativo, considerando que no existe como regla general un modelo de gestión aplicable debido a que cada institución presenta diversas características, procesos estructuración institucional propia. Por esta razón, se ha planteado una propuesta dirigida a establecer nuevas perspectivas en la gestión de instituciones de educación superior en el que se recogen las mejores prácticas y dimensiones adaptadas a los requerimientos a los que se ven abocados las IES. La propuesta se ha basado en cinco categorías del modelo: procesos, funciones, objetivos-metas, mejora continua y liderazgo, en base a la vigencia, pertinencia y adaptabilidad para las IES, considerando aspectos científicos, tecnológicos y demandas de la sociedad.

Abstract: In educational systems, management models are adapted with the aim of strengthening the system as a whole, improving educational quality and promoting the development of knowledge. Therefore, higher education institutions (HEIs) must adopt new management models that allow efficient administration to achieve their goals. The objective of this study is to analyze three management models: Garvin, Deming and ISO 21001:2018 through an analytical-synthetic-deductive approach, in addition to a triangulation of information that allows for a comparative analysis, considering that there is no general rule of thumb. applicable management model because each institution presents various characteristics, its own institutional structuring processes, which is why a proposal is proposed aimed at establishing new perspectives in the management of higher education institutions in which the best practices and dimensions adapted to the requirements to which HEIs are faced. The proposal is based on five categories of the model: processes, functions, objectives-goals, continuous improvement and leadership, based on validity, relevance and adaptability for HEIs, considering scientific, technological aspects and demands of society.

ABSTRACT To improve the quality of the educational service, changes in pedagogical direction are required. This implies the presence of committed teacher leaders who can guide the rest of the team towards the improvement of educational experiences. The objective of the research was to propose a pedagogical management model for teacher leadership in an educational institution in the state. The study, of a quantitative nature and with a non-experimental, descriptive and propositional design, involved the participation of 47 teachers, to whom a questionnaire was applied in order to evaluate their level of teacher leadership, according to the dimensions: professional development, inclusive school improvement and collaborative culture. The results indicated that 87.2% of the teachers surveyed indicated that their teaching leadership was at a medium level and a lower percentage, representing 12.8%, stated that it was at a high level. The dimensions evaluated are also at a medium level: professional development 87.2%, inclusive school improvement 78.7% and collaborative culture 85.1%. Subsequently, the theoretical foundations supporting the proposal were presented and the pedagogical management model was designed and validated by a group of experts. The conclusion of the study highlights the need to implement a pedagogical management model that encourages greater participation of teachers in various educational activities through better leadership.

RESUMEN Para mejorar la calidad del servicio educativo, se requiere implementar cambios en la dirección pedagógica. Esto implica la presencia de maestros líderes comprometidos que puedan orientar al resto del equipo hacia la mejora de las experiencias educativas. El objetivo de la investigación fue proponer un modelo de gestión pedagógica para el liderazgo docente en una institución educativa del estado. El estudio, de naturaleza cuantitativa y con un diseño no experimental, descriptivo propositivo, involucró la participación de 47 docentes; a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario con la finalidad de evaluar su nivel de liderazgo docente, de acuerdo a las dimensiones: desarrollo profesional, mejora escolar inclusiva y cultura colaborativa. Los resultados indicaron que el 87,2% de los profesores encuestados señalaron que el liderazgo docente se sitúa en un nivel medio y en un menor porcentaje, que representa el 12,8%, afirmaron estar en un nivel alto. Las dimensiones evaluadas también se encuentran en un nivel medio: desarrollo profesional 87,2%, mejora escolar inclusiva 78,7% y cultura colaborativa 85,1%. Posteriormente, se expusieron los fundamentos teóricos que respaldan la propuesta y se diseñó el modelo de gestión pedagógica, el cual fue validado por un grupo de expertos. La conclusión del estudio resalta la necesidad de implementar un modelo de gestión pedagógica que fomente una mayor participación de los docentes en diversas actividades educativas mediante un mejor liderazgo.

Abstract The present article describes the main qualities and strategies of the school´s Principal leadership in a school in the region of Ñuble, Chile. The analysis of the case study is carried out by using a qualitative methodology with an interpretative approach, by means of the conduction and analysis of 12 interviews and 1 focus group to different actors of the educational community. Based on the methodology proposed by the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP), we address the challenges posed in the context of school management, the contributions of the school management team, the integration of students coming from different social and cultural backgrounds, and the raising of achievement levels in the school. The study concludes that the qualities and strategies that characterize the school leadership evidence a successful leadership, as demonstrated by the integration of the three types of leadership: transformational, distributed, and pedagogical.

Resumo O presente artigo descreve as principais qualidades e estratégias de liderança do director em uma escola da região de Ñuble, no Chile. A análise do estudo de caso é realizado por meio de uma metodologia qualitativa com uma abordagem interpretativa, por meio da realização e análise de 12 entrevistas e um grupo focal com diferentes atores da comunidade educacional. Com base na metodologia proposta pelo International Successful School Leadership Project (ISSPP), o estudo aborda os desafios apresentados no contexto da gestão escolar, as contribuições da equipe de gestão escolar, a integração de alunos de diferentes origens sociais e culturais e o aumento dos níveis de desempenho na escola. O estudo conclui que as qualidades e estratégias que caracterizam a liderança da escola evidenciam uma liderança bem-sucedida, conforme demonstrado pela integração dos três tipos de liderança: transformacional, distribuída e pedagógica.

Resumen El presente artículo describe las principales cualidades y estrategias del liderazgo directivo de un establecimiento de la región de Ñuble, en Chile. El estudio de caso se lleva a cabo a través de una metodología cualitativa con enfoque interpretativo, por medio de la realización y análisis de 12 entrevistas y un grupo focal a distintos actores de la comunidad educativa. A partir de la metodología propuesta por el Proyecto Internacional de Dirección Exitosa (ISSPP), se abordan los retos y desafíos que se plantean en el contexto de la gestión escolar, las contribuciones del equipo directivo, la integración de estudiantes procedentes de diferentes entornos sociales, culturales y la elevación de los niveles de logros en el establecimiento. El estudio concluye que las cualidades y estrategias del liderazgo directivo del establecimiento corresponden a un liderazgo exitoso, lo que se evidencia en la integración de tres tipos de liderazgo: transformacional, distribuido y pedagógico.

The leader plays a challenging role in public organizations. The context demands specific competencies from leaders to play their role effectively and contribute to achieving institutional objectives. However, measurement instruments still need to be used to meet this context. Thus, this research aimed to create and verify the psychometric validity of an instrument for measuring leadership skills for federal educational institutions. To achieve this objective, the study of a functionalist paradigm, exploratory and descriptive character, with a quantitative approach, adopted survey research. Following approval of the project by the Research Ethics Committee, the prepared electronic questionnaire was disseminated to 1,387 permanent and active employees of a Federal Higher Education Institution. The final sample consisted of 314 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (AFE), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). AFC validated a model with 06 factors, each competence measured originated 03 factors: one related to the knowledge variables; another of skills; and, a factor of attitudes. Furthermore, the AFC confirmed the theory's three basic elements of competence. The AFEs, in turn, indicated the independence between the two competencies, clearly demonstrated by the separation of factors. The study is relevant because it presents the creation process and psychometric properties of a scale for measuring leadership competencies in public higher education.

El líder desempeña un papel desafiante en las organizaciones públicas. El contexto exige de los líderes ciertas habilidades para que puedan desempeñar su rol de manera efectiva y contribuir al logro de los objetivos institucionales, sin embargo, aún no existen instrumentos de medición que atiendan a este contexto. Así, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo crear y verificar la validez psicométrica de un instrumento para medir habilidades de liderazgo para instituciones educativas federales. Para lograr este objetivo, el estudio de un paradigma funcionalista, de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, con enfoque cuantitativo, adoptó la investigación por encuesta. Tras la aprobación del proyecto por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, el cuestionario electrónico preparado se distribuyó a 1.387 empleados permanentes y activos de una institución federal de educación superior. La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 314 encuestados. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC). AFC validó un modelo con 06 factores, cada competencia medida originó 03 factores: uno relacionado con las variables de conocimiento; otro de habilidades; y, un factor de actitudes. Además, la AFC confirmó los tres elementos básicos de competencia que aporta la teoría. Las AFE, por su parte, señalaron la independencia entre ambas competencias, claramente demostrada por la separación de factores. El estudio es relevante porque presenta el proceso de creación y propiedades psicométricas de una escala para medir habilidades de liderazgo para la educación superior pública.

O líder exerce uma função desafiadora nas organizações públicas. O contexto demanda dos líderes algumas competências para que eles possam desempenhar seu papel de forma efetiva e possam contribuir ao alcance dos objetivos institucionais, porém, ainda não há instrumentos de mensuração que atendam esse contexto. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo criar e verificar a validade psicométrica de um instrumento de mensuração das competências de liderança para instituições de ensino federais. Para atingir este objetivo, o estudo de paradigma funcionalista, caráter exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, adotou pesquisa de levantamento (survey). A partir da aprovação do projeto pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, o questionário eletrônico elaborado foi divulgado aos 1.387 servidores efetivos e ativos de uma Instituição Federal de Ensino Superior. A amostra final foi composta por 314 respondentes. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio da estatística descritiva, da Análise Fatorial Exploratória (AFE) e da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC). A AFC validou um modelo com 06 fatores, cada competência mensurada originou 03 fatores: um relativo às variáveis de conhecimento; outro das habilidades; e, um fator das atitudes. Além disso, a AFC confirmou os três elementos básicos da competência trazidos pela teoria. As AFE’s, por sua vez, indicaram a independência entre as duas competências, demonstrada de forma clara pela separação dos fatores. O estudo é relevante pois apresenta o processo de criação e as propriedades psicométricas de uma escala de mensuração de competências de liderança para o ensino superior público.

It is human nature to see the world as imperfect, because people strive towards improving existing and designing new systems. The education system is one such system which is regarded as being a challenge in South Africa, since it affects the quality of education received by every young South African. The serious nature of dysfunctionality could be attributed to the lack of competent leadership in schools. Learners' education and examination results are being impaired by inadequate teaching, dysfunctional school management, inefficient procedures and poor resources, which foster low educational standards. Leadership practices make a significant contribution to the desired outcomes of a school. Department heads are responsible for educational leadership; however, as they rarely receive leadership training, it is impossible for them to acquire the knowledge and skills to prepare them for their task as educational leaders. There is a dire need for educational leaders who could run a school professionally. The principal and staff should be professional leaders and managers capable of establishing a culture of learning and effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to establish if department heads have the required knowledge and skills to prepare them for their leadership and management role in a secondary school, how they see their competence in this regard, to identify the gaps regarding their preparation as effective educational leaders, and to submit proposals for improving the preparation of department heads for their leadership role. The research methodology was based on quantitative research strategies whereby the research question could accordingly be answered by means of a once-off cross-sectional survey obtained from a random cluster sampling of secondary schools in a district with approximately 70 schools in the Free State province. Self-designed questionnaires, which had to be completed by all the department heads at the schools, were used. A total of 186 department heads participated in the investigation. Ethical approval to conduct the research was obtained from the North-West University. Descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis were used to identify latent variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the variables involved. Hierarchical linear models were used to determine relationships among variables. The results showed that the heads of department view training and development as important, but they also indicated that they did not receive management training before their appointment in their position. Finally, suggestions are provided for improving the preparation of department heads.

Alle bestaande stelsels, waaronder onderwysstelsels, verander voortdurend. Die onderwys-stelsel is een van die stelsels in Suid-Afrika wat as 'n uitdaging gesien word, omdat dit die gehalte van onderrig beïnvloed. Die ernstige aard van disfunksionaliteit kan toegeskryf word aan die gebrek aan bevoegde leierskap in skole. Leerders se opvoeding en eksamenuitslae word benadeel deur swak onderrig, disfunksionele skoolbestuur, ondoeltreffende prosedures en swak hulpbronne, wat lae onderwysstandaarde tot gevolg het. Leierskapspraktyke lewer 'n groot bydrae tot die gewenste uitkomste van 'n skool. Departementshoofde is verantwoordelik vir onderrigleierskap, maar aangesien hulle selde leierskapsopleiding ontvang, is dit vir hulle onmoontlik om kennis en vaardighede op te doen om hulle voor te berei vir hulle taak as onderrigleiers. Daar is 'n ernstige behoefte aan onderrigleiers wat 'n skool professioneel kan bestuur. Die skoolhoof en personeel moet professionele leiers en bestuurders wees, sodat 'n kultuur van leer en effektiwiteit geskep kan word. Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om te bepaal of departementshoofde oor die nodige kennis en vaardighede beskik om die leierskap- en bestuursrol in 'n sekondêre skool te vervul, hoe departementshoofde hulle bevoegdheid in hierdie verband sien, wat die leemtes ten opsigte van die voorbereiding van departementshoofde vir hulle taak/rol as effektiewe onderrigleiers is, en om voorstelle ter verbetering van die voorbereiding van departementshoofde vir hul leierskapsrol te maak. Die navorsingsmetodologie is gebaseer op kwantitatiewe navorsingstrategieë waarvolgens die navorsingsvraag beantwoord kon word deur middel van 'n eenmalige dwarsdeursnitopname wat verkry is met behulp van ewekansige trossteekproefneming by sekondêre skole in 'n distrik in die Vrystaat. Daar is gebruik gemaak van selfontwerpte vraelyste wat deur al die departementshoofde van die betrokke skole voltooi moes word. 'n Totaal van 186 departements-hoofde het aan die ondersoek deelgeneem. Etiese goedkeuring om die studie te onderneem is van die Noordwes-Universiteit verkry. Beskrywende statistiek (frekwensies, persentasies, gemiddeldes en standaardafwykings) en eksploratiewe faktorontleding is gebruik om onderliggende latente veranderlikes te identifiseer. Cronbach se alfa-koëffisiënt is gebruik om die betroubaarheid van betrokke veranderlikes te bepaal. Hiërargiese lineêre modelle is gebruik om verbande met biografiese en demografiese veranderlikes te bepaal. In hierdie studie is bevind dat daar 'n duidelike verband tussen onderrig en leierskap is en dat die meeste van die departementshoofde kwaliteitonderrig belangrik ag en as 'n prioriteit in hul departemente sien. Die departementshoofde in hierdie studie is ook van mening dat die leiding van skoolbestuurspanne die kwaliteit van onderrig in die departement beïnvloed. Departementshoofde vir wie onderrig, leierskap en leerderprestasie belangrik is, heg ook hoë waarde aan opleiding en voorbereiding. In hierdie studie is ook bevind dat departementshoofde oor die algemeen nie bestuursopleiding ontvang het voor hul aanstelling in dié posisie nie. Sommige van die departementshoofde kon staatmaak op die kennis wat hulle opgedoen het tydens hul kollege- of universiteitsopleiding, wat hulle voorberei het vir hulle taak. 'n Klein aantal van die departementshoofde was oortuig dat hul voordiensopleiding nie van waarde was nie en dat hulle nie voorbereid was vir hul rol as beginnerdepartementshoofde nie.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this research is to analyze the pedagogical trajectory of Afro-descendant teacher Segunda Paz Copete Murillo, shedding light on her life story, confrontations, and resistance that impacted and transformed the local and regional socio-educational field in Bogotá during the second half of the 20th century Originality: We highlight the educational contributions of an Afro-descendant teacher in contexts of tension and exclusion. Method/Information Collection Strategies: This research utilizes narratives and life stories of individuals who have influenced social and pedagogical transformations through their teaching leadership. The methodology involves content analysis combined with information collection strategies such as unstructured interviews and primary sources (school texts, legislation, photographs, minutes, among others). These sources enable the description of a series of events that facilitated changes in the context where the teacher worked, focusing on indicators such as pedagogical experiences, motivations, activism, achievements, contributions, tensions, and challenges. Conclusions: This research contributes to the construction of historical-educational knowledge by exploring and documenting the life story of the teacher, providing insights into her contributions and the differences in educational contexts where she worked. The findings of the research demonstrate the influence of the trajectory of an Afro-descendant teacher in the transformation of local and regional pedagogical practices, highlighting innovative strategies and inclusive approaches.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a trajetória pedagógica da professora afro-descendente Segunda Paz Copete Murillo, tornando visível a sua história de vida, os seus confrontos e resistências, que impactaram e transformaram o campo sócio-educativo local e regional em Bogotá na segunda metade do século XX. Originalidade: Destacar as contribuições educativas de uma professora afro-descendente em contextos de tensão e exclusão. Método/estratégias coleta de dados: Esta pesquisa utiliza como metodologia os relatos e histórias de vida de sujeitos que influenciaram transformações sociais e pedagógicas através de sua liderança docente. Como método, implementa-se a análise de conteúdo articulada com estratégias de recolha de informação como entrevistas não estruturadas, fontes primárias (textos escolares, legislações, fotos, actas, entre outros), que permitem descrever uma série de acontecimentos que levaram a mudanças no contexto onde desenvolveram o seu trabalho através de indicadores como experiências pedagógicas, motivações, militância, conquistas, contributos, tensões e dificuldades. Conclusões: Contribui para a construção do conhecimento histórico-educacional ao explorar e documentar a história de vida da professora, fornecendo uma perspetiva sobre as contribuições e diferenças nos contextos educacionais onde realizou seu trabalho. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam a influência da trajetória de uma professora afrodescendente na transformação das práticas pedagógicas locais e regionais, destacando estratégias inovadoras e abordagens inclusivas.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la trayectoria pedagógica de la docente afrodescendiente Segunda Paz Copete Murillo, visibilizando su historia de vida, sus confrontaciones y resistencias, que han impactado y transformado el campo socio educativo local y regional en Bogotá, en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Originalidad: Destacar los aportes educativos de una maestra afrodescendiente en contextos de tensión y exclusión. Método/estrategias de recolección de información: Esta investigación utiliza como metodología los relatos e historias de vida de sujetos que han incidido en transformaciones sociales y pedagógicas por medio de su liderazgo docente. Como método, se implementa el análisis de contenido articulado con estrategias de recolección de información como entrevistas no estructuradas, fuentes primarias (textos escolares, legislaciones, fotos, actas, entre otros), las cuales permiten describir una serie de acontecimientos que propiciaron cambios en el contexto donde desarrolló su labor a través de indicadores como experiencias pedagógicas, motivaciones, militancias, logros, aportes, tensiones y dificultades. Conclusiones: Aporta a la construcción de conocimiento histórico-educativo al explorar y documentar la historia de vida de la docente, proporcionando una perspectiva sobre los aportes y diferencias en los contextos educativos donde desempeñó su labor. Los resultados de la investigación evidencian la influencia de la trayectoria de una maestra afrodescendiente en la transformación de prácticas pedagógicas locales y regionales, destacando estrategias innovadoras y enfoques inclusivos.

ABSTRACT: Within the framework of an inclusive paradigm, the need for co-teaching arises in order to meet the policies and educational needs of students in a regular classroom. However, these policies present difficulties in their transfer to teaching practices. This article aims to describe what are the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of co-teaching between the special education teacher and the basic education teacher in Chilean public schools. To do this, a quali-quanti mixed investigation is proposed, of a sequential explanatory type. The results indicate that the main facilitators are attitudinal aspects, collaborative work and support from management teams. Regarding the barriers, time, training and lack of personnel arise. It is concluded that the time provided by the legislation to do co-teaching would be insufficient, however, when an establishment has a leader with a focus on the pedagogical that accompanies co-teaching, that time can be managed in a way that optimizes and encourages its implementation in school.

RESUMEN: En el marco de un paradigma inclusivo, surge la necesidad de realizar codocencia con motivo de atender a las políticas educativas y a las necesidades del alumnado dentro de un aula regular. Sin embargo, estas políticas presentan dificultades en su transferencia hacia las prácticas docentes. Este artículo tiene por objetivo describir cuáles son los facilitadores y barreras para la implementación de la codocencia entre el/la profesor/a de educación especial y el/la profesor/a de educación básica en escuelas públicas chilenas. Para ello se plantea una investigación mixta cuali-cuanti, de tipo secuencial explicativa. Los resultados indican que los principales facilitadores son los aspectos actitudinales, trabajo colaborativo y apoyo de los equipos directivos con énfasis en un liderazgo pedagógico e inclusivo. Respecto de las barreras, surgen el tiempo, las capacitaciones y la falta de personal. Se concluye que el tiempo brindado por la legislación para hacer codocencia sería insuficiente, sin embargo, cuando un establecimiento cuenta con un líder con foco en lo pedagógico e inclusivo que acompaña la codocencia, ese tiempo es posible gestionarlo de manera que optimice y propicie su implementación en la escuela.

RESUMEN En el ámbito de la educación superior de la República Dominicana, se ha observado una tendencia creciente hacia la adopción de la formación por competencias. No obstante, a pesar de su reconocido potencial para alinear la formación académica con las demandas del mundo actual, su implementación ha enfrentado resistencias y desafíos significativos. Esta investigación nace de la necesidad de comprender los obstáculos y reticencias hacia este modelo pedagógico. Específicamente, identifica las percepciones sobre la implementación del enfoque por competencias, así como los factores intervinientes que afectan su desarrollo. La metodología empleada se basa en el enfoque cuantitativo, a partir de la aplicación de encuestas a docentes, directivos y estudiantes de diferentes universidades dominicanas. Los resultados indicaron que la principal barrera es la poca motivación de los docentes, seguida de la falta de capacitación específica y el déficit de liderazgo directivo. La falta de claridad en el proceso de evaluación también fue identificada como un factor relevante. En conclusión, para una adopción exitosa del enfoque basado en competencias en la República Dominicana, es imperativo abordar la formación y motivación de los docentes, fortalecer el liderazgo en las instituciones educativas y clarificar los métodos de evaluación acorde a dicho enfoque. La investigación sugiere que un compromiso a nivel nacional y una estrategia bien estructurada podrían acelerar y optimizar este proceso trascendental en el panorama educativo dominicano.

ABSTRACT In the field of higher education in the Dominican Republic, there has been a growing trend towards the adoption of competency-based training. However, despite its recognized potential to align academic training with the demands of today's world, its implementation has faced significant resistance and challenges. This research stems from the need to understand the obstacles and reluctance towards this pedagogical model. Specifically, it identifies the perceptions about the implementation of the competency-based approach, as well as the intervening factors that affect its development. The methodology used is based on the quantitative approach, from the application of surveys to teachers, managers and students from different Dominican universities. The results indicated that the main barrier is the low motivation of teachers, followed by the lack of specific training and the deficit of managerial leadership. Lack of clarity in the evaluation process was also identified as a relevant factor. In conclusion, for a successful adoption of the competency-based approach in the Dominican Republic, it is imperative to address teacher training and motivation, strengthen leadership in educational institutions, and clarify evaluation methods in line with the competency-based approach. The research suggests that a national commitment and a well-structured strategy could accelerate and optimize this transcendental process in the Dominican educational landscape.