RESUMEN El artículo que se presenta considera las insuficiencias teórico-metodológicas en la formación de sentidos históricos que limitan el modo de actuación del profesor de historia en el cumplimiento de las funciones docente-metodológica, educativa y de investigación-superación. Revela las relaciones esenciales entre la formación de vivencias históricas y del pensamiento histórico inherente a los sentidos históricos. La metodología utilizada es cuali-cuantitativa, se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y matemáticos que permitieron constatar la factibilidad y pertinencia de la propuesta.

ABSTRACT The presented article considers the theoretical-methodological inadequacies in the formation of historical meanings that limit the way of acting of the history teacher in the fulfillment of the teaching-methodological, educational and research-supervision functions. It reveals the essential relationships between the formation of historical experiences and historical thinking inherent to historical senses. The methodology used is qualitative-quantitative, theoretical, empirical and mathematical methods were used to verify the feasibility and relevance of the proposal.

RESUMEN Toda comunidad educativa debe estar fortalecida en su ambiente laboral para ser modelo de los escolares a quienes presta servicio, por eso, la presente investigación diseñó y validó la efectividad de un programa psico-axiológico centrado en los valores morales para fortalecer el clima laboral en una institución educativa privada del norte peruano. Se observó y diagnosticó el estado del clima laboral en la institución mediante Escala Clima Laboral de Sonia Palma, luego se diseñó y aplicó en cuatro talleres el programa psico axiológico a la totalidad de los docentes, durante cuatro meses. La investigación fue de tipo cuasi experimental, bajo diseño de pre y postest con un solo grupo. Se concluyó la efectividad del programa psico-axiológico tras el análisis de resultados al mejorarse significativamente los cinco factores de la escala mencionada: Realización Personal, Involucramiento laboral, Supervisión y Comunicación.

ABSTRACT Every educational community should be strengthened in its work environment in order to be a model for the schoolchildren it serves. Therefore, this research designed and validated the effectiveness of a psycho-axiological program focused on moral values to strengthen the work environment in a private educational institution in northern Peru. The state of the work environment in the institution was observed and diagnosed by means of Sonia Palma's Work Environment Scale, then the psycho-axiological program was designed and applied in four workshops to all teachers during four months. The research was of a quasi-experimental type, under a pre- and post-test design with a single group. The effectiveness of the psycho-axiological program was concluded after the analysis of the results by significantly improving the five factors of the mentioned scale: Personal Accomplishment, Work Involvement, Supervision and Communication.

RESUMEN Introducción: la dirección de salud exige nuevas formas de actuación profesional en las instituciones de salud cubana que garanticen los cambios necesarios para su desarrollo sostenible. Objetivo: diseñar un curso que contribuya a mejorar el desempeño de los cuadros de la atención primaria de salud a partir del trabajo con sus reservas. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo, educativa, entre julio 2023 a diciembre 2023, que culminó con el diseño del curso de superación sobre dirección en salud para reservas de cuadro de la atención primaria. La población incluyó a las 96 reservas de cuadro pertenecientes a la Dirección General de Salud del municipio. Para la selección de la muestra se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional, finalmente resultó constituida por 34 reservas. La fiabilidad se obtuvo calculando el Alfa de Cronbach, en el Programa SPSS para Windows versión 28. Resultados: se identificaron las necesidades de aprendizaje de las reservas de cuadro sobre la base de las cuales se diseñó un curso compuesto por dieciséis temas, con un enfoque activo y participativo, a través de diferentes formas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, con énfasis en el uso del trabajo grupal. Se validó el curso por criterios de expertos. Conclusiones: las reservas de cuadro de la Atención Primaria de Salud presentan conocimientos insuficientes acerca de la dirección en salud proponiéndose un curso de posgrado que contribuya a mejorar el desempeño de los cuadros.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the health management demands new forms of professional action in Cuban health institutions that guarantee the changes necessary for their sustainable development. Objective: design a course that contributes to improving the performance of primary health care staff based on working with their reserves. Methods: an educational development research was conducted from July 2023 to December 2023, which culminated in the design of a training course on health management for primary care cadre reserves. The population included the 96 cadre reserves belonging to the General Directorate of Health of the municipality. For the selection of the sample, a non-probabilistic purposive sampling was carried out, and it finally consisted of 34 reserves. Reliability was obtained by calculating Cronbach's alpha in SPSS for Windows version 28. Results: the learning needs of the cadre reserves were identified on the basis of which a course composed of sixteen topics was designed, with an active and participatory approach, through different forms of teaching-learning, with emphasis on the use of work group. The course was validated by expert criteria. Conclusions: the reserves of Primary Health Care cadres have insufficient knowledge about health management and a postgraduate course is proposed to contribute to improve the performance of the cadres.

Academic supervision is essential for developing students' careers and educational advancement. The systematic review approach was chosen for the methodology of this study. It has been observed in the literature that there are positive and negative experiences between supervisees and their supervisors. This led to the research gap in the study, which stated that supervisors and their supervisees are inadequately prepared for their roles. The study addressed these gaps through a systematic review of the article sub-topics. The conceptual model was adopted for this article, and it articulates how supervisors can exhibit their dispositional qualities. Additionally, this article recommends enhancing creative and innovative research to intensify a sense of autonomy and periodically updating research instructions on actualising the vision and mission statements of Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). The study further recommends that training initiatives for supervisors should be encouraged in HEIs through academic research groups, among others.

Resumen: Los esfuerzos de profesionalización para los consejeros escolares a través de la educación profesional, que se refuerzan con la supervisión durante el proceso educativo, tienen como objetivo mejorar su competencia clínica y multicultural, lo cual es esencial para proporcionar servicios de orientación y consejería en las escuelas. Utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo y la escala de resultados de supervisión analizada con el modelo de Rasch, este estudio examinó la supervisión realizada por supervisores universitarios y de campo de los consejeros en prácticas. Los resultados mostraron que la supervisión estaba en la categoría moderada en el desarrollo de competencias. Sin embargo, un análisis más detallado reveló variaciones en el nivel de dificultad para la concordancia de ítems basados en las perspectivas de los supervisores. El estudio también destacó desafíos para lograr resultados óptimos de supervisión, incluyendo el tiempo limitado de prácticas. Aunque este estudio proporciona perspectivas importantes sobre los resultados de la supervisión, limitaciones como el uso de un enfoque cuantitativo pueden captar solo parcialmente la complejidad del proceso de supervisión. Las recomendaciones para investigaciones futuras incluyen el uso de métodos cualitativos, la exploración de otros factores que revelen resultados de la supervisión y la investigación del impacto de la duración de las prácticas en el desarrollo de la competencia de los consejeros.

Abstract: Professionalization efforts for school counselors through professional education, which are strengthened by supervision during the educational process, aim to improve their clinical and multicultural competence, which is essential in providing guidance and counseling services in schools. Using a quantitative approach and the Supervision Outcome Scale analyzed using the Rasch model, this study examined supervision conducted by university and field supervisors of internship counselors. The results showed that supervision outcomes were in the moderate category in competency development. However, a closer look revealed variations in the level of difficulty of item agreement based on supervisors' perspectives. The study also highlighted challenges in achieving maximum supervision outcomes, including limited internship time. While this study provides important insights into supervision outcomes, limitations such as using a quantitative approach may only partially capture the complexity of the supervision process. Recommendations for future research include using qualitative methods, exploring other factors that reveal supervision outcomes, and researching the impact of internship duration on counselor competency development.

Resumo: Os esforços de profissionalização para conselheiros escolares por meio da educação profissional, que são fortalecidos com a supervisão durante o processo educativo, visam melhorar a competência clínica e multicultural, o que é essencial na prestação de serviços de orientação e aconselhamento nas escolas. Utilizando uma abordagem quantitativa e a escala de resultados de supervisão analisada com o modelo de Rasch, este estudo examinou a supervisão realizada por supervisores universitários e de campo para conselheiros em estágio. Os resultados mostraram que os resultados da supervisão estavam na categoria moderada no desenvolvimento de competências. No entanto, uma análise mais detalhada revelou variações no nível de dificuldade de concordância dos itens com base nas perspectivas dos supervisores. O estudo também destacou desafios na obtenção de resultados ótimos de supervisão, incluindo o tempo limitado de estágio. Embora este estudo forneça conclusões importantes sobre os resultados da supervisão, limitações, como o uso de uma abordagem quantitativa, podem capturar apenas parcialmente a complexidade do processo de supervisão. Recomendações para pesquisas futuras incluem o uso de métodos qualitativos, explorar outros fatores que revelem resultados de supervisão e pesquisar o impacto da duração do estágio no desenvolvimento da competência dos conselheiros.

Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze lived experiences of technical-pedagogical advice in basic education in a state in southeastern Mexico. The advisors are school supervision personnel responsible for accompanying teachers in their educational improvement processes. The methodology employed is qualitative and takes up elements of phenomenology to access a deep understanding of the human experience of the daily life of the incarnated person, located in a sociocultural and historical context, in which they live in a meaningful way. The analysis is guided by Giorgi's (2009) proposal, in which narrative plays a relevant role as a fundamental path by which people organize the world. The analysis obtained four types of counseling intervention: counseling as a search for meaning, advice as resignification and transformation, advice as innovation, and advice as redemption. Thus, depending on the advisor's relationship with the teaching staff and the purposes and direction he gives to his work, he will use different strategies. However, the different types of intervention have a vision close to school effectiveness in common. It can be questioned, then, about the need to redefine the advice from a critical approach, which takes the right to education and educational inclusion as a framework. However, such conclusions must consider the study's limitations, such as that the advisors were the key informants.

Resumen El objetivo del artículo es analizar experiencias vividas de asesoría técnico-pedagógica, en educación básica en un estado del sureste mexicano. Los asesores forman parte del personal de las supervisiones escolares, responsables de acompañar a los docentes en sus procesos de mejora educativa. La metodología es cualitativa y retoma elementos de la fenomenología para acceder a la comprensión profunda de la experiencia humana, a la vida cotidiana de la persona encarnada, situada en un contexto sociocultural e histórico, el cual vive de manera significativa. El análisis se orienta por la propuesta de Giorgi (2009), en el que la narrativa cobra un papel relevante, en tanto camino fundamental por el que las personas organizamos el mundo. Del análisis se obtuvieron cuatro tipos de intervención asesora: asesoría como búsqueda de sentido, asesoría como resignificación y transformación, asesoría como innovación, y asesoría como redención. Así, conforme la relación que el asesor tenga con el personal docente, los propósitos y dirección que dé a su trabajo, utilizará estrategias distintas. No obstante, los diferentes tipos de intervención tienen en común una visión cercana a la eficacia escolar. Se puede cuestionar, entonces, por la necesidad de resignificar la asesoría desde un enfoque crítico, que tome como marco el derecho a la educación y la inclusión educativa. Aunque, tales conclusiones deben considerar las limitantes del estudio, como que los asesores hayan sido los informantes clave.

Resumo O objetivo é analisar experiências vividas de assessoria técnico-pedagógica na educação básica em um estado do sudeste do México. Os orientadores são funcionários da supervisão escolar, responsáveis por acompanhar os professores em seus processos de melhoria educacional. A metodologia é qualitativa e utiliza elementos da fenomenologia para acessar uma compreensão profunda da experiência humana, do cotidiano da pessoa encarnada, situada em um contexto sociocultural e histórico, que vive de forma significativa. A análise é orientada pela proposta de Giorgi (2009), em que a narrativa assume um papel relevante, como caminho fundamental pelo qual as pessoas organizam o mundo. Da análise obtiveram-se quatro tipos de intervenção de aconselhamento: aconselhamento como busca de sentido; assessoria como ressignificação e transformação; conselho como inovação e conselho como redenção. Assim, dependendo da relação que o orientador mantém com o corpo docente, dos propósitos e do direcionamento que dá ao seu trabalho, ele utilizará diferentes estratégias. Contudo, os diferentes tipos de intervenção têm em comum uma visão próxima da eficácia escolar. Pode-se questionar, então, sobre a necessidade de redefinir o aconselhamento a partir de uma abordagem crítica, que tenha como marco o direito à educação e à inclusão educacional. Porém, tais conclusões devem considerar as limitações do estudo, como a de que os orientadores foram os informantes-chave.

RESUMEN Este artículo intercambia reflexiones acerca de la construcción de la pasantía obligatoria curricular en el campo de la Psicología Escolar/Educacional en una perspectiva crítica. La pasantía es un momento privilegiado de la formación, por acercar teoría y práctica, en dirección a la praxis crítica, aspecto central en ese abordaje psicológico. Visando conocer de qué forma ha sido construida la experiencia de pasantía y supervisión en el área, se realizaron entrevistas con un supervisor de pasantía que actúa en una Universidad Pública da Piauí, dada la relevancia de su actuación y militancia, buscando comprender: las concepciones y prácticas desarrolladas por el supervisor; los atravesamientos ético-políticos que surgen de la experiencia de pasantía y supervisión; y los elementos de criticidad que marcan tal experiencia. El artículo pone de relieve las estrategias de organización de la pasantía, el papel de la supervisión y los desafíos vivenciados en la relación alumno en formación-escuela-supervisor. Esperamos contribuir con la reflexión acerca de los desafíos implicados en la construcción de pasantías tuteladas en el área de Psicología Escolar y Educacional en una perspectiva crítica, en el campo y en los encuentros de supervisión. EscolarEducacional crítica formación práctica psicológico Piauí militancia comprender éticopolíticos ético políticos formaciónescuelasupervisor. formaciónescuelasupervisor escuela supervisor. formación-escuela-supervisor

ABSTRACT This article shares reflections about the construction of mandatory curricular internship in the field of School and Educational Psychology from a critical perspective. The internship is a privileged moment in training, as it brings theory and practice closer together, towards critical praxis, a central aspect of this psychological approach. In order to know how the experience of internship and supervision in the area has been constructed, interviews were conducted with an internship supervisor who works at a Public University of Piauí, given the relevance of his work and militancy, seeking to understand: the concepts and practices developed by the supervisor; the ethical-political crossings that emerge from the internship and supervision experience; and the elements of criticality that mark such an experience. The article focuses on internship organization strategies, the role of supervision and the challenges experienced in the relationship between interns-school-supervisor. We hope to contribute to reflection on the challenges involved in building supervised internships in the area of School and Educational Psychology from a critical perspective, both in the field and in supervisory meetings. perspective training together praxis approach constructed Piauí militancy understand ethicalpolitical ethical political strategies internsschoolsupervisor. internsschoolsupervisor interns school supervisor. interns-school-supervisor meetings

RESUMO Este artigo partilha reflexões acerca da construção do estágio obrigatório curricular no campo da Psicologia Escolar/Educacional em uma perspectiva crítica. O estágio é um momento privilegiado da formação, por aproximar teoria e prática, em direção à práxis crítica, aspecto central nessa abordagem psicológica. Visando conhecer como tem sido construída a experiência de estágio e supervisão na área, foram realizadas entrevistas com um supervisor de estágio que atua em uma Universidade Pública do Piauí, dada a relevância de sua atuação e militância, buscando compreender: as concepções e práticas desenvolvidas pelo supervisor; os atravessamentos ético-políticos que emergem da experiência de estágio e supervisão; e os elementos de criticidade que marcam tal experiência. O artigo põe em foco as estratégias de organização do estágio, o papel da supervisão e os desafios vivenciados na relação estagiários-escola-supervisor. Esperamos contribuir com a reflexão acerca dos desafios implicados na construção de estágios supervisionados na área de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional em uma perspectiva crítica, tanto no campo, quanto nos encontros de supervisão. EscolarEducacional crítica formação prática psicológica Piauí militância compreender éticopolíticos ético políticos estagiáriosescolasupervisor. estagiáriosescolasupervisor estagiários escola supervisor. estagiários-escola-supervisor

Abstract: This research, characterized as a state of the art, aimed to map and describe the academic production on the teaching of biological evolution developed in Brazil between 1991 and 2021. We found 266 publications in three databases: the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, the CAPES Bank of Theses and Dissertations, and the Science Teaching Documentation Center at Unicamp, including 213 masters and 53 doctoral theses. The analysis included the following descriptors: year of defense, academic rank, geographic distribution, institutions of origin, postgraduate programs, authorship, supervision, educational levels and modalities, and thematic focuses. The study offers an overview of dissertation and thesis development over three decades in the national context, highlighting institutional foundations and academic production trends. Abstract research art 199 2021 26 databases Dissertations Unicamp 21 5 theses descriptors defense rank distribution origin programs authorship supervision modalities focuses context trends 19 202 2 1 20

Resumo: Esta pesquisa, caracterizada como Estado da Arte, teve o objetivo de mapear e descrever a produção acadêmica sobre o ensino de evolução biológica desenvolvida no Brasil no período de 1991 a 2021. Por meio da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), do Banco de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES e do Centro de Documentação em Ensino de Ciências (CEDOC) da Unicamp, foram identificados 266 trabalhos, constituídos por 213 dissertações de mestrado e 53 teses de doutorado. Estes estudos foram examinados de acordo com os descritores: ano de defesa, titulação acadêmica, distribuição geográfica, instituições de origem, programas de pós-graduação, autoria, orientação, níveis educacionais e modalidades de ensino, e focos temáticos. Os resultados apresentam as características da base institucional e as principais tendências que sustentam a produção acadêmica neste tema, visando propiciar o panorama das três décadas no qual as dissertações e teses vêm se desenvolvendo no contexto nacional. Resumo pesquisa Arte 199 2021 BDTD, BDTD , (BDTD) CEDOC (CEDOC Unicamp 26 trabalhos 21 5 doutorado descritores defesa geográfica origem pósgraduação, pósgraduação pós graduação, graduação pós-graduação autoria orientação temáticos tema nacional 19 202 (BDTD 2 1 20

BACKGROUND: Clinical training, supervision and practice are the most important aspects of health profession education, including optometry. Institutions implore various methods for students to gain access, exposure and experience in different clinical environments, away from their normal academic settings AIM: This review aimed to investigate studies and related documentary evidence to determine existing standards and methods for educational institutions in conducting optometry clinical training at the external sites SETTING: The electronic databases - ProQuest One, Scopus, EBSCOhost, Sabinet, Science Direct and Google Scholar - were searched systematically for studies on the implementation of workplace clinical training of undergraduate optometry students METHODS: The study followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) systematic review methodology and a systematic search of various electronic databases was conducted for studies on implementation of workplace clinical training. Of the 450 full-text studies searched, 13 studies were found to be reputable sources of evidence and were included in this systematic review RESULTS: Four themes relating to student clinical training emerged, namely, clinical training approaches implemented, expected minimum standards at the training sites, clinical training environment wherein students and supervisors find themselves and clinical competence of the supervisors and students. They encompass important factors to consider in the planning and provision of quality, efficient and effective student clinical supervision at the external training facilities CONCLUSION: There is a dearth of scholarly studies to guide clinical training of optometry training within the public health sector. However, more studies are undertaken in other health disciplines, and they provide generic guidelines, which can be adapted for optometry CONTRIBUTION: The article highlights the need for further studies in optometry student clinical training, focussing on programme designs and standardisation of clinical training in multi-institutional, low-income contexts

Like many Sub-Saharan countries, Angola struggles with a shortage of trained health professionals, especially for primary care. In 2021, the Angolan Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Angolan Medical Council launched the National Program for the Expansion of Family Medicine as a long-term strategy for the provision, fixation and training of family physicians in community health centres. Of the 425 residents 411 (96.7%) who entered the programme in 2021 will get their diplomas in the following months and will be certified as family physicians. Three main aspects make this National Programme unique in the Angolan context: (1) the common effort and engagement of the Ministry of Health with the Angolan Medical Council and local health authorities in designing and implementing this programme; (2) decentralisation of the training sites, with residents in all 18 provinces, including in rural areas and (3) using community health centres as the main site of practice and training. Despite this undeniable success, many educational improvements must be made, such as expanding the use of new educational resources, methodologies and assessment tools, so that aspects related to knowledge, practical skills and professional attitudes can be better assessed. Moreover, the programme must invest in faculty development courses aiming to create the next generation of preceptors, so that all residents can have in every rotation one preceptor or tutor responsible for the supervision of their clinical activities, case discussions and sharing their clinical duties, both at community health centres and municipal hospitals.

Stellenbosch University embarked on a renewal of its MBChB programme guided by an updated set of core values developed by the multidisciplinary curriculum task team. These values acknowledged the important role of (among others) context and generalism in the development of our graduates as doctors of the future for South Africa. This report describes the overall direction of the renewed curriculum focusing on two of the innovative educational methods for Family Medicine and Primary Health Care training that enabled us to respond to these considerations. These innovations provide students with both early longitudinal clinical experience (now approximately 72 h per year for each of the first 3 years) and a final longitudinal capstone experience (36 weeks) outside the central tertiary teaching hospital. While the final year experience will run for the first time in 2027 (the first year launched in 2022), the initial experience has got off to a good start with students expressing the value that it brings to their integrated, holistic learning and their identity formation aligned with the mission statement of this renewed curriculum. These two curricular innovations were designed on sound educational principles, utilising contextually appropriate research and by aligning with the goals of the healthcare system in which our students would be trained. The first has created opportunities for students to develop a professional identity that is informed by a substantial and longitudinal primary healthcare experience. CONTRIBUTION: The intention is to consolidate this in their final district-based experience under the supervision of specialist family physicians and generalist doctors

Malaysia has been actively striving to establish itself as an international education hub, and has successfully attracted a significant influx of Chinese international students pursuing their doctoral degrees. However, doubts persist regarding the quality of Malaysia's higher education and the employability of its graduates, particularly when viewed through the lens of stakeholders in China's labour market. This research sought to address these concerns by delving into the essential graduate attributes highly regarded by Chinese doctoral students enrolled in Malaysian universities and identifying aspects of Malaysian higher education that might influence students' employability. Employing a qualitative approach, the research underscores the significance of various types of capital, with a considerable emphasis on human capital, encompassing academic qualifications, research competence, and English proficiency. Additionally, it sheds light on the pivotal role of quality research supervision, the availability of continuous training opportunities and psychological support within the programme, and the degree of collaboration between Malaysian universities and Chinese industry as factors critically impacting the participants' perceived employability. These findings aim to offer essential guidance for educational institutions and policymakers in aligning academic programmes with the evolving demands of the global labour market.

BACKGROUND: Labour pain is associated with detrimental maternal and foetal physical and psychological effects. Labour analgesia is a basic right for all women and labour epidural analgesia has been accepted as the gold standard for providing such, with reported improvement in patient satisfaction. In South Africa, studies have shown that labour epidural rates are low. At an academic hospital in Johannesburg, a 24-h labour epidural service combined with an awareness campaign and educational programme (LEAP) was initiated with the aim of improving labour epidural rates. Results showed a short-lived uptake with a subsequent decline. OBJECTIVES: This study explored the experiences of labour ward nursing staff regarding the labour epidural service at this academic hospital including perceived limitations and possible recommendations regarding improving service provision. METHOD: A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study was conducted. Purposive sampling was used with semistructured, audio-recorded individual interviews, thematic analysis was performed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase approach. RESULTS: The key theme is required education and supervision of epidural insertion (see page 3), management of childbirth and challenges related to epidural service provision. CONCLUSION: A positive sentiment was expressed by the participants; however, deficiencies in the service such as shortages of experienced personnel, work constraints and insufficient training may be affecting service sustainability. Further studies are recommended to form guidance towards the development and implementation of interventions to improve service delivery. CONTRIBUTION: Provision of continual training and increased staffing of healthcare personnel will help improve the sustainability of the labour epidural service.

Resumo As práticas pedagógicas supervisionadas apresentam um grande potencial para melhorar a qualidade dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. Considerando as amplas possibilidades que oferecem, o presente trabalho tem como finalidade analisar as práticas pedagógicas supervisionadas de várias estudantes inscritas no Mestrado em Ensino do 1º e do 2º CEB, na vertente de História e Geografia de Portugal, implementado na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESELx). Procura, ainda, avaliar as diferentes fases que compõem o ciclo da supervisão, tendo em conta o papel relevante de cada uma delas na avaliação da prática docente. A metodologia de recolha e análise de dados é de natureza qualitativa, utilizando a observação não participante nos contextos de sala de aula, e a análise de conteúdo de vários documentos, entre os quais se destaca o Plano de Intervenção Educativa concebido pelas estudantes. Entre os resultados, reconhece-se a relevância de criar espaços contínuos de reflexão e diálogo com o estudante/estagiário, os quais favorecem o questionamento e a melhoria, tanto da atividade do supervisor como das competências do futuro professor. Por outro lado, identificam-se possibilidades de melhoria em relação à mobilização de competências específicas da educação histórica e geográfica. Mais concretamente, no que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de questionamento e problematização da realidade, que promovam análises críticas e reflexivas, orientadas para a sua transformação.

Résumé Les pratiques pédagogiques supervisées ont un grand potentiel pour améliorer la qualité des processus d'enseignement et d'apprentissage. Compte tenu des vastes possibilités qu'ils offrent, le présent travail vise à analyser les pratiques pédagogiques supervisées de plusieurs étudiants du Master en enseignement des 1er et 2ème CEB, dans le domaine de l'histoire et de la géographie du Portugal, à l'École Supérieure d'Éducation de l'Institut Polytechnique de Lisbonne (ESELx). Plus, il vise à évaluer les différentes phases qui composent le cycle de supervision, et mis en évidence le rôle pertinent de chacune d’elles dans l'évaluation de la pratique enseignante. A cette fin, nous avons utilisé une méthodologie qualitative, en recourant à l'observation non participante dans des contextes de classe, et l'analyse de contenu de divers documents, en mettant l’accent sur le projet d'intervention éducative, conçu par chaque étudiant. Parmi les résultats, la pertinence de créer des espaces continus de réflexion et de dialogue avec l’étudient est reconnue, ce qui favorise le questionnement et l'amélioration tant de l'activité du superviseur que des compétences des futurs maitres. D'autre part, il y a des possibilités d'amélioration en ce qui concerne la mobilisation des compétences spécifiques de l'enseignement de l'histoire et de la géographie. Plus précisément, en ce qui concerne le développement de stratégies de questionnement et de problématisation de la réalité, qui favorisent les analyses critiques et réflexives visant à leur transformation.

Resumen Las prácticas pedagógicas supervisadas poseen un gran potencial para mejorar la calidad los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Considerando las amplias oportunidades que ofrece, el presente trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar las prácticas pedagógicas supervisadas de varias alumnas adscritas al Máster de Historia y Geografía de Portugal en el 2º Ciclo de Educación Básica, impartido en la Escola Superior de Educação del Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESELx). Asimismo, persigue valorar las distintas fases que componen el ciclo de supervisión, considerando el papel relevante de cada una de ellas en la evaluación del ejercicio docente. Para ello, se emplea una metodología cualitativa, utilizando la observación no participante en el contexto de aula y el análisis de contenido de varios documentos, entre los que destaca el Plan de Intervención Educativa diseñado por los estudiantes. Entre los resultados, se reconoce la relevancia de crear espacios continuos de reflexión y diálogo con el practicante, los cuales favorecen el cuestionamiento y el perfeccionamiento tanto de las labores del supervisor como de las competencias del aprendiz. Por otro lado, se manifiestan posibilidades de mejora en relación con la movilización de competencias específicas de educación histórica y geográfica. Concretamente, en lo relativo al desarrollo de estrategias de cuestionamiento y problematización de la realidad, que promuevan análisis críticos y reflexivos orientados a su transformación.

Abstract The supervised teaching practices Supervised Pedagogical Practices have great potential to improve the quality of teaching and learning processes. Considering the wide possibilities they offer, the present work aims to analyse the supervised pedagogical practices of several students of the Master's in Teaching of the 1st and 2nd CEB, in the area of History and Geography of Portugal, at the Lisbon Higher School of Education of the Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon (ESELx). In addition, it seeks to assess the different phases that make up the supervision cycle, taking into account the relevant role of each of them in the evaluation of teaching practice. For this, we employed a qualitative methodology, using non-participant observation in classroom contexts, and content analysis of various documents, with emphasis on the Educational Intervention Project, designed by each student. Among the results, the relevance of creating continuous spaces for reflection and dialogue with the trainee is recognized, which favors the questioning and improvement of both the supervisor's activity and the student's skills. On the other hand, there are possibilities for improvement in what concerns the mobilization of specific competences of historical and geographical education. More specifically, with regard to the development of strategies for questioning and problematizing reality, which promote critical and reflective analysis, oriented towards change.

Resumo: Este artigo recupera a perspectiva dos supervisores escolares sobre os regulamentos acadêmicos produzidos no contexto da pandemia para acompanhar e sustentar as trajetórias escolares no nível secundário. Em particular, examina os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre as interpretações e traduções feitas por um grupo de supervisores com relação a esses regulamentos e as condições que, de sua perspectiva, dificultam sua recepção e apropriação por parte de diretores e professores de escolas secundárias. Os dados empíricos são provenientes de entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito supervisores que trabalham em diferentes regiões educacionais da Província de Chaco (Argentina). As entrevistas foram realizadas entre março e junho de 2021, durante o período de distanciamento social, preventivo e obrigatório (DISPO). O estudo mostra que, dentro da burocracia educacional, os supervisores de nível secundário são atores-chave, pois, a partir da tradução dos regulamentos acadêmicos, avaliam modos de trabalho com as equipes diretivas para orientá-las na interpretação desses regulamentos e na transmissão que poderiam propor às suas escolas e professores

Resumen: Este artículo recupera la mirada de los supervisores escolares en torno a las regulaciones académicas que se produjeron en el contexto de pandemia para acompañar y sostener las trayectorias escolares en el nivel secundario. En particular, examina resultados de investigación referidos a las interpretaciones y traducciones realizadas por un grupo de supervisores respecto de tales normativas y las condiciones que, desde su perspectiva, obstaculizan su recepción y apropiación por parte de directivos y docentes de escuelas secundarias. Los datos empíricos proceden de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a ocho supervisores que se desempeñan en diferentes regiones educativas de la provincia del Chaco (Argentina). Estas se efectuaron entre los meses de marzo y junio de 2021, durante el período de distanciamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (DISPO). El trabajo da cuenta de que, dentro de la burocracia educativa, los supervisores del nivel secundario se constituyen en actores clave, dado que a partir de un trabajo de traducción de las normativas académicas evalúan modos de trabajo con los equipos directivos para orientarlos en la interpretación que realizan de estas normativas y en la transmisión que podrían plantear hacia sus escuelas y docentes

Abstract: This article explores the perspective of school supervisors regarding the academic regulations that emerged in the context of the pandemic to support and sustain secondary school trajectories. Specifically, it examines research findings related to the interpretations and translations made by a group of supervisors regarding these regulations and the conditions that, from their viewpoint, hinder their reception and adoption by school principals and teachers in secondary schools. The empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with eight supervisors working in different educational regions of the Province of Chaco, Argentina. These interviews took place between March and June 2021, during the period of social distancing and mandatory preventive measures (DISPO). The study highlights that within the educational bureaucracy, secondary school supervisors play a pivotal role. They engage in the translation of academic regulations and assess ways of working with school leadership teams to guide them in their interpretation of these regulations and in the communication they could facilitate to their schools and teachers.