Resumen: Este estudio examina cómo se aprovechó la Copa Mundial de la FIFA Qatar 2022 como herramienta educativa en las escuelas de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Utilizando una metodología exploratoria mixta, se analizó primero la integración del sitio web Golazo. El mundial en la escuela en el currículo escolar, a través de una revisión documental de las actividades publicadas en la plataforma por 97 escuelas primarias. Estas actividades reflejan una transversalidad de materias, con el evento mundialista incorporado en el aprendizaje de ciencias naturales, sociales, matemáticas, entre otras. En la segunda fase del estudio, se emplearon entrevistas semiestructuradas con veinte docentes de Bahía Blanca para captar sus percepciones sobre el impacto del Mundial en la dinámica educativa. Los hallazgos revelan que el Mundial no solo generó un aumento significativo en el interés de los estudiantes, sino que también facilitó un enfoque pedagógico más integrador y motivador. Este enfoque permitió a los docentes utilizar el evento como un pivote para la enseñanza de diversas competencias y valores, lo que destaca la efectividad del fútbol como herramienta educativa transversal.

Resumo: Este estudo examina como a Copa do Mundo de Futebol Catar 2022 foi utilizada como ferramenta educativa nas escolas da província de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Utilizando uma metodologia exploratória mista, analisou-se primeiro a integração do siteGolazo.El mundial en la escuelano currículo escolar, por meio de uma revisão documental das atividades publicadas na plataforma por 97 escolas primárias. Essas atividades refletem uma transversalidade de matérias, com o evento mundialista incorporado no aprendizado de ciências naturais, sociais, matemática, entre outras. Na segunda fase do estudo, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com vinte docentes de Bahía Blanca para captar suas percepções sobre o impacto da Copa do Mundo na dinâmica educativa. Os resultados revelam que a Copa do Mundo não apenas gerou um aumento significativo no interesse dos alunos, mas também facilitou uma abordagem pedagógica mais integradora e motivadora. Essa abordagem permitiu que os docentes utilizassem o evento como um pivô para o ensino de diversas competências e valores, destacando a eficácia do futebol como ferramenta educativa transversal.

Abstract: This study examines how the Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup was utilized as an educational tool in schools across the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Using a mixed exploratory methodology, the research first analyzed the integration of the website Golazo. El mundial en la escuela into the school curriculum through a documentary review of activities published on the platform by 97 primary schools. These activities reflect a cross-disciplinary approach, with the World Cup incorporated into the teaching of natural sciences, social studies, mathematics, and other subjects. In the second phase of the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty teachers from Bahía Blanca to gather their perceptions of the World Cup's impact on educational dynamics. The findings reveal that the World Cup not only significantly increased student engagement but also facilitated a more integrative and motivating pedagogical approach. This approach allowed teachers to use the event as a pivot for teaching various skills and values, highlighting the effectiveness of soccer as a cross-cutting educational tool.

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine the level of satisfaction among patients attending the postgraduate clinics at the University of Costa Rica during 2022 using the Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire. The research included the entire population of patients and/or legal guardians who received dental care in the postgraduate clinics of pediatric dentistry and prosthodontics at the School of Dentistry between August and October 2022. A questionnaire consisting of Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire items and sociodemographic variables was applied. Descriptive statistics were performed to establish the absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendency, and variability, depending on the nature of the variables. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the data’s conformity to a normal distribution. Questionnaire and sociodemographic variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test and the Kruskal-Wallis Test. The response rate was 54.1%, with 95% of the participants expressing satisfaction or high satisfaction with the dental services received. Statistically significant differences were observed in some of the domains concerning sociodemographic variables: between the educational level and pain management (p=0.022) and between the frequency of dental visits and availability (p=0.008). Additionally, a statistically significant difference was observed among postgraduate categories in the domain of quality (p=0.038). This study concludes that patients attending the postgraduate clinics of prosthodontic and pediatric dentistry at the School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, are generally satisfied with the care they receive.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes que asisten a las clínicas de posgrado en la Universidad de Costa Rica utilizando el cuestionario Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire durante 2022.La investigación se realizó con toda la población de pacientes y/o tutores legales que recibieron atención dental en las clínicas de postgrado de odontopediatría y prostodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología entre agosto y octubre de 2022. Se aplicó un cuestionario con preguntas del Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire y variables sociodemográficas. Se realizó estadística descriptiva para establecer la frecuencia absoluta y relativa, así como medidas de tendencia central y variabilidad, según la naturaleza de las variables. La prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov se utilizó en la evaluación de la conformidad de los datos para la distribución normal. Las relaciones entre las puntuaciones obtenidas del Dental Satisfaction Questionnaire y las variables sociodemográficas fueron analizadas mediante el Test U de Mann-Whitney y el Test de Kruskal-Wallis. La tasa de respuesta fue de 54,1%; el 95% de los participantes estuvieron satisfechos o muy satisfechos con el servicio odontológico recibido. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en algunos de los dominios y las variables sociodemográficas: entre el nivel educativo y el manejo del dolor (p=0.022) y entre la frecuencia de visitas al dentista y la disponibilidad (p=0.008). Adicionalmente, se observó una diferencia estadística entre los posgrados en el dominio de calidad (p=0.038). Los pacientes que son atendidos en el servicio odontológico de las clínicas posgrados de prostodoncia y odontopediatría de la Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Costa Rica están satisfechos con la atención recibida.

Abstract This article shares the teacher training experience developed during the year 2023. The proposal consists of an Athenaeum for teachers of Geography and Social Sciences in secondary and tertiary education. From recovering the current educational context focused on the needs and requirements that the secondary level demands, theoretical - practical classes are developed in which we discuss concerns, critical knots, pending challenges, which require thinking with others to build collaboratively powerful teaching and learning. In this sense, as specific training educators, we designed the device with the purpose of inviting reflection on teaching practices, to position ourselves through action in the search for possible alternatives in the face of educational emergencies. Encouraging us to ask ourselves questions, hypothesize results from a creative perspective, recognizing everyday situations of “doing and being at school” are part of the transformations that we imagine to improve and empower ourselves in our professional work.

Resumo Este artigo compartilha a experiência de formação de professores desenvolvida durante o ano de 2023. A proposta consiste em um Ateneu para professores de Geografia e Ciências Sociais do ensino médio e superior. A partir da recuperação do contexto educativo atual centrado nas necessidades e exigências que o nível secundário exige, desenvolvem-se aulas teórico-práticas nas quais discutimos preocupações, nós críticos, desafios pendentes, que exigem pensar com os outros para construir um ensino e uma aprendizagem colaborativamente potentes. Nesse sentido, como educadores de formação específica, desenhamos o dispositivo com o propósito de convidar à reflexão sobre as práticas docentes, para nos posicionarmos por meio da ação na busca de alternativas possíveis diante das emergências educacionais. Encorajar-nos a questionar-nos, a levantar hipóteses de resultados numa perspectiva criativa, a reconhecer situações quotidianas de “fazer e estar na escola” fazem parte das transformações que imaginamos para melhorar e capacitar-nos no nosso trabalho profissional.

Resumen Este artículo comparte la experiencia de formación docente desarrollada durante el año 2023. La propuesta consiste en un ateneo destinado a docentes de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales de la educación secundaria y terciaria. A partir de recuperar el contexto actual educativo, focalizado en las necesidades y requerimientos que el nivel secundario demanda, se desarrollan clases teórico-prácticas en las cuales se dialoga acerca de preocupaciones, nudos críticos y desafíos pendientes, que requieren de pensarnos con otras/os para construir colaborativamente enseñanzas y aprendizajes potentes. En este sentido, como educadoras de la formación específica, diseñamos el dispositivo con el propósito de invitar a la reflexión de las prácticas docentes, para posicionarnos desde la acción en la búsqueda de alternativas posibles ante las emergencias educativas. Animarnos a hacernos preguntas, hipotetizar resultados desde la mirada creativa y reconocer situaciones cotidianas del “hacer y estar en la escuela” forman parte de las transformaciones que nos imaginamos para mejorar y potenciarnos en nuestra tarea profesional.

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal constituye causa de muerte en la población mundial. El objetivo del trabajo es exponer los resultados del proyecto de investigación Intervención psicosocial para la prevención, manejo y tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal en Camagüey. Método: El estudio es del tipo Investigación+Desarrollo. Se gestionó en el Centro de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey y desde la Consulta provincial de atención a los pacientes con cáncer colorrectal se extendió al nivel primario, entre abril de 2020 y abril de 2023. La muestra constituida por 50 pacientes diagnosticados en la consulta provincial de Coloproctología del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech y sus familiares y 60 integrantes del Grupo Básico de Trabajo del Policlínico Docente José Martí Pérez. Resultados: Contribuyó al conocimiento del modo en que incide el cáncer colorrectal en la población de la provincia y sobre las relaciones entre las atenciones primaria y secundaria. Se implementaron acciones con enfoque psicosocial, se establecieron relaciones interinstitucionales entre las entidades participantes. Se elevó la cultura del paciente y sus familiares y la formación posgraduada de profesionales. La investigación generó el sistema de estrategias. Discusión: Se constató la correspondencia de los resultados con los de investigadores del mundo y de Cuba, en lo cual destaca el trabajo con la comunidad y la superación profesional para lograr la prevención.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The cancer colorrectal constitutes cause of death in the world population. The objective of the work is to expose the results of the project of investigation Intervention psicosocial for the prevention, handling and treatment of the cancer colorrectal in Camagüey. Method: The study is of the type Investigación+Desarrollo. It was negotiated in the Center of Development of the Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health, of the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey and from the provincial Consultation of attention to the patients with cancer colorrectal extended at the primary level, between April of 2020 and April of 2023. The sample constituted by 50 patients diagnosed in the provincial consultation of Coloproctología of the University Hospital Manuel Ascunce Domenech and their relatives; and 60 members of the Basic Group of Work of the Educational Policlínico José Martí Pérez. Results: It contributed to the knowledge in the way in that it impacts the cancer colorrectal in the population of the county and envelope the relationships among the primary and secondary attentions. Actions were implemented with focus psicosocial, relationships interinstitucional settled down among the participant entities. He/she rose the patient's culture and their relatives and the formation posgraduate of professionals. The investigation generated the system of strategies. Discussion: The correspondence of the results was verified with those of investigators of the world and of Cuba, in that which highlights the work with the community and the professional overcoming to achieve the prevention.

RESUMEN Ante la creciente demanda de profesionales altamente capacitados, este trabajo denominado Coherencia y Pertinencia de un Programa de Maestría en Ciencias de la Educación, a través de un diseño metodológico mixto y trasversal, analizó la coherencia entre diseño, implementación y desarrollo de un programa de una maestría con énfasis en diseño curricular en una universidad de gestión pública y su pertinencia para la formación profesional mediante la revisión de los documentos curriculares, de una encuesta y entrevistas a diferentes actores de la comunidad universitaria. Los resultados indican una alta coherencia entre las fases del proceso curricular y su pertinencia para los fines de la formación del profesional, e indican la existencia de una estructura programática sólida, sin embargo, se identificó una brecha en el desarrollo del plano actitudinal lo que sugiere la necesidad de fortalecer este aspecto en futuros diseños curriculares.

ABSTRACT Given the growing demand for highly trained professionals, this work called Coherence and Relevance of a Master's Program in Educational Sciences, through a mixed and transversal methodological design, analyzed the coherence between design, implementation and development of a program of a master's degree with emphasis on curricular design in a public management university and its relevance for professional training through the review of curricular documents, a survey and interviews with different actors in the university community. The results indicate a high coherence between the phases of the curricular process and their relevance for the purposes of professional training, and indicate the existence of a solid programmatic structure, however, a gap was identified in the development of the attitudinal plane, which suggests the need to strengthen this aspect in future curricular designs.

Abstract The following work has as a general objective to demonstrate, through the witness case of the activity of the Reference Service of the Library of the Faculty of Humanities and Educational Sciences of the National University of La Plata, of how good practice and management can support a library institution in a crisis situation. For this, statistical data on the use of the service from 2017 to 2023 will be used and will be subjected to quantitative and qualitative comparison. It is argued that among the aspects that contributed to sustaining and increasing the Reference Service during the COVID-19 global health crisis are management decisions and the good response of staff.

Resumen El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo general demostrar, mediante el caso testigo de la actividad del Servicio de Referencia de la Biblioteca de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, de qué manera una buena praxis y gestión del mismo puede apoyar a una institución bibliotecaria en una situación de crisis. Para esto se emplearán los datos estadísticos de uso del servicio de los años 2017 al 2023 y se someterán a comparación cuantitativa y cualitativa. Se argumenta que entre los aspectos que contribuyeron a sostener y acrecentar el Servicio de Referencia durante la crisis sanitaria mundial del COVID-19 se encuentran las decisiones de gestión y la buena respuesta del personal.

Abstract: A central debate in contemporary Latin American social sciences revolves around the enduring presence of colonial patterns, practices, and forms of domination in research methodologies and the subjective framing of societal issues. However, decolonizing initiatives are emerging, concurrently, to challenge the ways coloniality has been entwined with the expansion of capital in the 21st century. This introductory article explores the key debates surrounding colonial persistence and decolonization within the social sciences. The dossier employs a methodology centered on documentary analysis and participatory social and political reflection, particularly through experimental approaches. The articles reviewed reveal that colonial persistence and decolonization are inherently dialectical, contradictory, and conflict-ridden, manifesting across diverse social, cultural, economic, and political domains. The uniqueness of this thematic issue lies in its ability to weave together a theoretical and conceptual discourse on symbolic and imaginary aspects within culture, spanning anthropological, legal, and educational dimensions. The analysis underscores that these issues are pluralistic and deeply intertwined with struggles over land and natural resources, enriching interdisciplinary understanding of the complex dialectical relationships between social, anthropological, economic, and political factors, alongside the aesthetics of cultural practices.

Resumo: Atualmente, um dos principais debates nas ciências sociais da América Latina refere-se ao fato de que ainda existem padrões, práticas e componentes da dominação colonial nas formas de fazer pesquisa e de pensar subjetivamente sobre problemas e sujeitos nas sociedades. Contudo, há também tentativas descolonizadoras que questionam as maneiras pelas quais a colonialidade tem sido articulada com a expansão do capital no século 21. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo introdutório é abordar os debates centrais sobre a persistência colonial e a descolonização nas ciências sociais. Este dossiê é conduzido por meio do uso de uma metodologia centrada na análise documental e em reflexões sociais e políticas participativas na experimentação. A revisão dos artigos levou à conclusão de que a persistência colonial e a descolonização são dialéticas, contraditórias e conflitantes; elas se expressam nas várias esferas sociais, culturais, econômicas e políticas dos territórios. Portanto, a originalidade deste número temático está no fato de que ele consegue reunir uma discussão teórica e conceitual sobre questões simbólicas do imaginário na cultura, tanto antropológicas quanto jurídicas e educacionais. Fica claro que, nas lutas pela terra e pelos recursos naturais, esses problemas existem, são plurais e permitem o enriquecimento de um conhecimento interdisciplinar sobre as relações dialéticas sociais, antropológicas, econômicas e políticas com aspectos das artes do fazer estético nas culturas.

Resumen: En la actualidad, uno de los debates principales en las ciencias sociales que se desarrollan en América Latina es que todavía existen patrones, prácticas y componentes de dominación colonial en las formas de hacer investigaciones y pensar subjetivamente los problemas y sujetos en las sociedades. Pero, también, hay intentos descolonizadores que cuestionan las maneras en que la colonialidad se ha articulado con la expansión del capital en el siglo XXI. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo introductorio es realizar un acercamiento a los debates centrales de la persistencia colonial y la descolonización en las ciencias sociales. Este dosier se aborda mediante el uso de una metodología centrada en el análisis documental y reflexiones sociales y políticas participativas en la experimentación. La revisión de los artículos llevó a concluir que la persistencia colonial y la descolonización son dialécticas, contradictorias y conflictivas; se expresan en los diversos ámbitos sociales, culturales, económicos y políticos en los territorios. Por lo tanto, la originalidad de este número temático reside en que se logra conjuntar una discusión teórica y conceptual sobre problemáticas simbólicas de lo imaginario en la cultura, tanto antropológicas como jurídicas y educativas. Queda claro que en las luchas por la tierra y los recursos naturales estas problemáticas existen, son plurales y permiten enriquecer un conocimiento interdisciplinario sobre relaciones dialécticas sociales antropológicas, económicas y políticas con aspectos de artes del hacer estético en las culturas.

The utilisation of online platform Blackboard Learn for Teaching and Learning (T & L) has become an essential and obligatory component of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This study research aims to examine the difficulties and potential of its implementation at a Historically Disadvantaged Institution (HDI) like University of Limpopo (UL), with a focus on the Bachelor of Arts (BA) programme in Criminology and Psychology (Crim & Psych) as guided by University of Limpopo Faculty of Humanities Multimodal Teaching and Learning Plan (UL FHMTLP). This qualitative study employed an empirical research design, selecting Twelve (12) permanent Academics/Lecturers from the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at UL for interview purposes. The verbatim responses from the interviews were analysed to identify the key themes and sub-themes of the study using the inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) method. This study revealed that there is a lack of utilisation of Blackboard Learn at UL, as well as ineffective adaptation of current strategies and UL FHMTLP implementations. Many Lecturers still depend on contact T & L and the use of Blackboard Learn to connect the operations of this programme is currently unsuccessful. Recommendations consist of regular training and refreshment courses on the application of this technology, such as the Learning Management System (LMS) provided by the Information and Communications Technology [ICT]-electronic-(e)-Learning Unit. This could potentially facilitate collaborations between Natural Sciences (Technology - Blackboard Learn) and Human Sciences (Crim & Psych) to generate new knowledge, while also clearly providing the advantages of technology utilisation for T & L at UL. This kind of innovation could accommodate "economical, educational, technical, and social transformations" to address the mentioned challenges and opportunities, while making contributions to the field of professorship, with a focus on the South African Future Professors Programme (FPP) Phase 2 Cohort 1 2022-2023, utilising Blackboard Learn for T & L in a HDI to outline the existing challenges and possibilities.

Abstract: The purpose of this research lies in evaluating the current state of higher university education about bioethics studies in the faculties of health sciences in the Peruvian territory. The methodological design adopts a descriptive level with a mixed approach that is divided into two stages: The first consists of a qualitative theoretical-analytical-rational analysis, followed by a subsequent empirical analysis with a quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach. The main discoveries refer to the existence of nineteen licensed public universities in Peru that offer the Human Medicine degree. However, it was found that the Bioethics course is only available in nine of these institutions. In summary, it can be affirmed that in the educational programs of careers related to health sciences, attempts are made to address ethical principles from different perspectives, for example, through courses on general ethics or deontology. However, this strategy is not considered adequate. In addition, it is imperative to promote an educational policy within the faculties of health sciences that mandates the mandatory inclusion of a bioethics course in the curricula of health sciences programs.

Resumen: El propósito de esta investigación es evaluar el estado actual de la educación universitaria superior en relación con los estudios de Bioética en las facultades de ciencias de la salud en el territorio peruano. El diseño metodológico adopta un nivel descriptivo con enfoque mixto dividido en dos etapas: la primera consistió en un análisis teórico analítico-racional cualitativo, seguido de un análisis empírico posterior con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Los principales descubrimientos se refieren a la existencia de diecinueve universidades públicas licenciadas en el Perú que ofrecen la carrera de Medicina Humana. Sin embargo, se constató que el curso de Bioética sólo está disponible en nueve de estas instituciones. En resumen, se puede afirmar que en los programas educativos de las carreras relacionadas con ciencias de la salud se intenta abordar los principios éticos desde perspectivas distintas, por ejemplo, a través de cursos de ética general o deontología. No obstante, esta estrategia no es considerada adecuada, por lo que es imperativo promover una política educativa dentro de las facultades de ciencias de la salud que ordene la inclusión obligatoria de un curso de Bioética en los planes de estudio de los programas de ciencias de la salud.

Resumo: O propósito dessa investigação é avaliar o estado atual da educação universitária superior em relação aos estudos de bioética nas faculdades de ciências da saúde no Peru. O desenho metodológico adotou um nível descritivo com enfoque misto que se dividiu em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu em uma análise teórica analítico-racional qualitativa, seguida de uma análise empírica posterior com enfoque quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. Os principais achados se referem à existência de dezenove universidades públicas licenciadas no Perú que oferecem a carreira de Medicina Humana. Sem dúvida, constatou-se que o curso de Bioética só se encontra disponível em nove destas instituições. Em resumo, pode-se afirmar que nos programas educativos das carreiras relacionadas com ciências da saúde tenta-se abordar os princípios éticos a partir de diferentes perspectivas, por exemplo, através de cursos de ética geral ou deontologia. Apesar disso, essa estratégia não é considerada adequada. Além disso, é imperativo promover uma política educativa dentro das faculdades de ciências da saúde que determine a inclusão obrigatória de um curso de bioética nos planos de estudo dos programas de ciências da saúde.

BACKGROUND: Students' perceptions of the educational methodology are valuable for improving the quality of the educational environment. However, there is limited literature on students' perceptions of lectures and peer-assisted learning (PAL) within the School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences OBJECTIVES: To determine the perceptions of allied health students across different study levels regarding the effectiveness of lectures and PAL as educational strategies METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 213 Allied Health students from levels 200 to 400 at the University of Ghana. Data were collected using an adopted perceptions questionnaire. Perceptions of lectures and PAL were analysed using means and mean percentages. A one-way ANOVA test was performed to compare differences in perceptions among students at various study levels, while the independent sample t-test was used to compare differences in perceptions between male and female students RESULTS: PAL had the highest mean scores, with a global rating of 4.1 (standard deviation (SD) 0.8) compared with 3.5 (SD 0.8) for lectures (p<0.00). There were no differences in perceptions about lectures and PAL among levels 200 to 400 students. Female students had a more positive perception of PAL, while both male and female students had the same positive perceptions about lectures CONCLUSIONS: Students generally had positive perceptions about lectures and PAL; however, PAL was acknowledged as an alternative that provides students with active educational experiences. PAL may be incorporated into the standard curriculum alongside lectures

Abstract Qualitative research has traditionally relied on specific methodologies for data collection, with interviews being the predominant and preferred approach. Vast quantities of information have been published regarding traditional mechanisms for collecting qualitative data, but few studies have addressed more unconventional mechanisms such as body mapping. This is a distinctive technique commonly used in health sciences. It offers a versatile alternative that encourages participant creativity, reflexivity, and protagonism. It was adapted for use in an educational study with the aim of eliciting participants' constructivist experiences and emotions related to a particular social phenomenon. It was used as part of a descriptive case study which employed two other triangulation techniques, namely semi-structured virtual interviews, and document collection. After the researchers’ reflective processes, it was concluded that body mapping represented an ideal means to facilitate the data collection process. The primary objective of the study, grounded in qualitative research, was to explore the perceptions of five primary English teachers in the Sarapiquí Regional Directorate of Education in Costa Rica regarding the return to in-person education amid the COVID-19 public health crisis. For the body mapping technique, three participants engaged in a face-to-face session, structured into seven phases: map outlining, reflections on distance education, reflections on combined education, reflections on in-person education, finalization of body maps, testimony giving, and concluding reflections on the technique. Although the focus was on in-person education (2022), the distance and combined modalities (2020-2021) were used to activate participants’ prior knowledge and to provide context for the study. This paper demonstrates the procedure followed in applying the body mapping technique for qualitative data collection in a study on the perspective and experiences of teachers, and highlights the valuable insights gained through its use.

Resumen La etnoeducación permite avanzar hacia la interculturalidad, reconociendo las diversidades de culturas con que cuenta el estado colombiano; sin embargo, no se evidencia una ruta formativa clara como proyecto social que reivindique el saber de las comunidades y que permita fortalecer los procesos de identidad cultural necesarios para la pervivencia de los Pueblos Originarios. El objetivo del trabajo es responder si la etnoeducación aporta a la promoción del desarrollo sustentable desde el acto pedagógico de los Pueblos Originarios. Para lograrlo se hizo una revisión literaria de las publicaciones más citadas de los años 2017 a 2021 en las bases de datos Scopus, Web Of Science y Dimensions, seleccionadas por el idioma inglés, español y las palabras clave indexadas en el diccionario Tesauros de la UNESCO. En el análisis de la producción científica se utilizaron las herramientas Cienciométricas RStudio-Cloud, Bibliometrix y el método de Tree of Science (ToS). Asimismo, se manipuló los softwares VOSviewer y Gephi para identificar las subáreas de investigación y generar la red de conocimiento. El trabajo permitió marcar la evolución de la producción científica anual con 1.124 documento científicos, el mapa temático con tópicos emergentes relacionados a pedagogía, docencia, cultura, conocimientos ancestrales y la red de conocimiento forjada por los autores más importantes para este trabajo. Como conclusión principal se identificó que los procesos educativos deben surgir desde las comunidades étnicas, los cuales buscan transmitir las prácticas ancestrales, impulsar la sustentabilidad, educar al ser sin adaptarlo a doctrinas y modelos educativos desarrollistas.

Abstract Ethno-education allows advancing towards interculturality, recognizing the diversity of cultures in Colombia; however, there is no evidence of a clear formative route as a social project that vindicates the knowledge of the communities and allows strengthening the processes of cultural identity necessary for the survival of the Indigenous Peoples. The objective of this work is to answer whether ethno-education contributes to the promotion of sustainable development from the pedagogical act of the Indigenous Peoples. For this, a literature review was carried out from the most cited publications from the years 2017 to 2021 in the Scopus, Web of Science and Dimensions databases, selected by the English language, Spanish and the keywords indexed in the UNESCO Thesauri dictionary. In the analysis of scientific production, the scientometric tools RStudio-Cloud, Bibliometrix and the Tree of Science (ToS) method were used. The VOSviewer and Gephi software were also used to identify the research subareas and generate the knowledge network. The work allowed marking the evolution of the annual scientific production with 1,127 scientific documents, the thematic map with emerging topics related to pedagogy, teaching, culture, ancestral knowledge, and the knowledge network forged by the most important authors for this work. As a main conclusion, it was identified that the educational processes should arise from the heart of the ethnic communities, which seek to transmit ancestral practices, promote sustainability, educate the being without adapting it to developmentalist doctrines and educational models.

Abstract Violence against women is a serious public health problem, with a marked social and economic impact. The objective of this article is to synthesize the theories that explain violence against women, contributing, from a theoretical perspective, to the understanding of risk factors. The research is basic and descriptive; the analytical-synthetic method was used to establish the essential elements of the information collected and formalize conclusions in this regard. The search for bibliographic sources was carried out in the Google Scholar database. Theories such as the cycle of violence, traumatic union, paradoxical punishment, battered women, among others, are presented. In addition, the importance of factors such as poverty, victimization, dysfunctional families, ineffective educational and judicial systems is recognized. Risk factors for gender violence were identified according to the different theoretical positions analyzed. The conclusions recognize the conduct of a significant amount of research on violence against women in the context of the pandemic. The proposal of theoretical foundations for each of the risk factors was made, which contributes to future research, especially in the Latin American space. It is considered that theories must be understood within the very dynamics that this phenomenon presents, focused on the variety of criteria, elements, variables, causes, consequences, conditions, etc.

Resumen La violencia contra la mujer constituye un grave problema de salud pública, con un marcado impacto social y económico. El objetivo de este artículo es sintetizar las teorías que explican la violencia contra la mujer, contribuyendo desde una perspectiva teórica a la comprensión los factores de riesgo. La investigación es básica y descriptiva; el método analítico-sintético se utilizó para establecer los elementos esenciales de la información recopilada y formalizar conclusiones al respecto. Se efectuó la búsqueda de fuentes bibliográficas en la base de datos Google Scholar. Se presentan teorías como el ciclo de la violencia, la unión traumática, el castigo paradójico, la mujer maltratada, entre otras. Además, se reconoce la importancia de factores como la pobreza, la victimización, familias disfuncionales, sistemas educativos y judiciales poco efectivos. Se identificaron los factores de riesgo para la violencia de género según las distintas posiciones teóricas analizadas. Las conclusiones reconocen la realización de una cantidad importante de investigaciones sobre violencia contra la mujer en el contexto de la pandemia. Se realizó la propuesta de fundamentos teóricos para cada uno de los factores de riesgo, lo que contribuye para futuras investigaciones, sobre todo en el espacio latinoamericano. Se considera que las teorías deben comprenderse dentro de la propia dinámica que presenta este fenómeno, centrados en la variedad de criterios, elementos, variables, causas, consecuencias, condiciones, etc.

RESUMEN Introducción: La preparación metodológica de directivos académicos de la Disciplina Principal Integradora Estomatología Integral es esencial para lograr un proceso docente educativo de calidad, al contribuir con la formación integral de los egresados. Objetivo: Diseñar un instrumento para evaluar la preparación metodológica de los directivos académicos de la Disciplina Principal Integradora Estomatología Integral Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional descriptiva transversal en la Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, de enero a mayo de 2023. Para el diseño del instrumento se seleccionaron dimensiones e indicadores según criterios pedagógicos, metodológicos investigativos y gerenciales; la propuesta se sometió a consideración de un grupo de expertos, que cumplieron los requisitos de inclusión y la evaluaron a través de una escala de Likert con tres alternativas: muy de acuerdo, de acuerdo y en desacuerdo. Se emplearon métodos teóricos: análisis y síntesis, inducción y deducción; empírico: revisión documental, y estadístico: porcentaje como medida de resumen. Resultados: El instrumento propuesto contó con tres dimensiones y 18 indicadores. De los expertos 61,1 % estuvieron muy de acuerdo con la propuesta. Conclusiones: El instrumento diseñado para evaluar la preparación metodológica de los directivos académicos de la Disciplina Principal Integradora Estomatología Integral es útil, novedoso, de fácil aplicación, que obtuvo valoración de muy de acuerdo en más de la mitad de los expertos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The methodological preparation of academic directive of the Main Integrative Discipline Integral Stomatology is essential to achieve an educational process with quality, when contributing the integral formation of the graduate. Objective: To design an instrument for the evaluation of the methodological preparation of the academic directive of the Main Integrative Discipline Integral Stomatology. Methods: A descriptive, traverse, observational study was carried out in the Stomatology Faculty, University of Medical Sciences of Santiago from Cuba, from January to May 2023. For the design of the instrument dimensions and indicators were selected according to pedagogic, methodological investigative and managerial approaches; the proposal underwent consideration of a group of experts that completed the inclusion requirements and evaluated it through a Likert scale with three alternatives: very good agreement, in agreement and in disagreement. Theoretical: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction; empiric: documental revision, and statistical: percentage like summary measure methods were used. Results: The instrument proposed had three dimensions and 18 indicators; 61,1 % of the experts was very of agreement with the proposal. Conclusions: The instrument designed to evaluate the methodological preparation of the academic directive of the Main Integrative Discipline Integral Stomatology is useful, novel, of easy application, that obtained an evaluation of very good agreement in more than half of the experts.

RESUMEN El estudio del Estado del Arte para las investigaciones en Ciencias Pedagógicas o Ciencias de la Educación, es una temática con carencia de sistematización e implementación consensuada, al interior de la academia cubana, no así en otros países de Latinoamérica como México, Colombia y Perú. No obstante, los aportes visibilizados en estos países, redundan en qué es y significa esta herramienta, sus alcances y posturas tanto epistemológicas como metodológicas, para dejar una fisura en cuáles son los indicadores para medir la calidad de su construcción de manera consciente, al lograr se implemente en la formación académica de posgrado; y por consiguiente la construcción de informes de investigación de Maestría y Doctorado. Por ello, el autor dentro de la sección de Epistemología Pedagógica del Centro Latinoamericano de Estudios en Epistemología Pedagógica, aporta una Matriz de evaluación del Estado del Arte, que bajo un procedimiento matemático básico, establece con enfoque mixto, la posibilidad de dicha medición, sustentada en indicadores universalizados, con alcance crítico valorativo. La matriz aportada, no solo es de provecho para los procesos de construcción de informes de investigación, sino que su valor trasciende este marco para ser herramienta de utilidad por miembros de tribunales, plantas académicas, oponentes y tutores.

ABSTRACT The study of the State of the Art for research in Pedagogical Sciences or Educational Sciences is a topic with a lack of systematization and consensual implementation, within the Cuban academy, unlike in other Latin American countries such as Mexico, Colombia and Peru. However, the contributions made visible in these countries reflect what this tool is and means, its scope and both epistemological and methodological positions, to leave a gap in what the indicators are to measure the quality of its construction in a conscious manner, by achieving is implemented in postgraduate academic training; and consequently, the construction of Master's and Doctoral research reports. For this reason, the author, within the Pedagogical Epistemology section of the Latin American Center for Studies in Pedagogical Epistemology, provides an evaluation matrix of the State of the Art, which under a basic mathematical procedure, establishes with a mixed approach, the possibility of said measurement, supported in universalized indicators, with critical evaluative scope. The matrix provided is not only useful for the processes of constructing research reports, but its value transcends this framework to be a useful tool for members of tribunals, academic staff, opponents and tutors.