Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on food security worldwide. Colombian farmers were adversely affected by prolonged periods of lockdown, disruptions in the agricultural supply chain, increased poverty levels, and heightened socioeconomic uncertainty. The objective of this study is to evaluate the perceptions of pea producers with regard to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, and ex-ante (2019) and ex-post (2020-2022) diagnostic analysis was conducted in the south of Nariño. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 35 farmers, four key informants, and three focus groups. A sentiment analysis (text mining) was conducted to process sensitive information on environmental, economic, and intrinsic aspects of the productive system. The results revealed that participants maintained constant levels of happiness and confidence across the two-time periods. However, in the period subsequent to the pandemic, higher levels of anger and sadness were reported, attributed to effects of the pandemic itself and the inherent challenges associated with pea cultivation. The implementation of confinement measures resulted in an increase in feelings of uncertainty and sadness, in addition too the emergence of challenges in fieldwork context. Moreover, the increased production costs were attributed to the greater demand for agricultural inputs and labour in 2020. However, in 2022, the increased the price paid per kilogram of pea grains helped mitigate the adverse impact of the pandemic. The study concludes that the econ economic uncertainty introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic affected crop profitability. Nevertheless, small-scale farmers exhibited remarkable resilience and adaptability, allowing them to persist in growing and selling their pea harvest.

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la seguridad alimentaria en todo el mundo. El agricultor colombiano se vio afectado por bloqueos prolongados, interrupciones en la cadena de suministro agrícola, mayores niveles de pobreza y una mayor incertidumbre socioeconómica. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la percepción de los productores de arveja sobre el COVID-19, realiza un diagnóstico ex ante (2019) y ex post (2020-2022) en el sur de Nariño. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 35 agricultores, 4 informantes clave y 3 grupos focales. A través de un análisis de sentimiento (Text Mining) se procesó información sensible sobre aspectos ambientales, económicos e intrínsecos del sistema productivo. Los resultados revelaron que los participantes mantuvieron niveles constantes de felicidad y confianza durante dos períodos de tiempo. Sin embargo, en el período posterior a la COVID-19, se informaron niveles más altos de ira y tristeza, atribuidos a los efectos de la pandemia y los desafíos inherentes asociados con el cultivo de arvejas o guisantes. Las medidas de confinamiento intensificaron los sentimientos de incertidumbre y tristeza, además de desafíos en el trabajo de campo. Asimismo, atribuyeron el aumento de los costos de producción a la mayor demanda de insumos agrícolas y mano de obra en 2020. Sin embargo, en 2022, el aumento del precio pagado por kilogramo de granos de arvejas ayudó a mitigar el impacto adverso de la pandemia. El estudio concluye que la COVID-19 introdujo incertidumbre económica en la región y, en consecuencia, afectó la rentabilidad de los cultivos. Sin embargo, los pequeños agricultores mostraron una notable resiliencia y adaptabilidad, lo que les permitió persistir en el cultivo y venta de su cosecha de guisantes.

Abstract (Introduction): The search for techniques and methods for managing sludge generated during wastewater treatment is necessary to ensure sustainable sanitation in the medium term in Latin America. An interesting approach involves converting sludge into a biosolid usable in agriculture through alkaline sanitization. (Objective): We evaluated this technique’s efficacy and economic and environmental viability for obtaining an agriculturally usable type A biosolid from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. (Methodology): To this end, the efficacy in reducing microbiological parameters was experimentally tested at the laboratory scale using quicklime, for anaerobic and aerobic WWTP sludge. The experimental results fed a benefit/cost analysis model and a life cycle assessment. (Results): It was confirmed that applying a 40 % lime dose allowed the obtention of a type A biosolid with non-detectable concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms, which remained in that condition for more than 30 days. Additionally, the benefit/cost and life cycle analyses concluded that this option would be more attractive than sludge disposal in a landfill, due to the corresponding savings in chemical compounds (fertilizers, agricultural lime). (Conclusions): Therefore, alkaline sanitization can be considered suitable for WWTP sludge management. Its application on a larger scale should be further investigated in the country and the Latin-American region, considering the risk associated to the presence of heavy metals too.

Resumen (Introducción): La búsqueda de técnicas y modelos de gestión del lodo generado durante el tratamiento de las aguas residuales es necesaria para garantizar un saneamiento sostenible a mediano plazo en América Latina. Una vía interesante consiste en convertir el lodo en un biosólido aprovechable en la agricultura por medio de la higienización alcalina. (Objetivo): Se evaluó la eficacia y la viabilidad económica y ambiental de esta técnica para la obtención de un biosólido tipo A aprovechable en la agricultura a partir de lodo de planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) ordinaria. (Metodología): Para ello se probó experimentalmente en escala de laboratorio la eficacia en el decaimiento de parámetros microbiológicos higienizados con cal viva, usando lodo anaeróbico y aeróbico de PTAR. Los resultados experimentales alimentaron un modelo de análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida. (Resultados): Pudo corroborarse que la aplicación de dosis de cal de 40 % permitió obtener un biosólido tipo A con concentraciones de microorganismos patógenos no detectables, lo cual se mantuvo en esa condición por más de 30 días. Además, el análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida permitieron concluir que esta opción sería más atractiva que la disposición del lodo en un relleno sanitario, debido al ahorro correspondiente en compuestos químicos (fertilizantes o cal agrícola) derivado de su aprovechamiento. (Conclusiones): Por lo tanto, la técnica de higienización alcalina puede considerarse como adecuada para la gestión del lodo de PTAR y su aplicación a mayor escala debe investigarse en mayor detalle en el país y la región latinoamericana, considerando también el riesgo de presencia de metales pesados en este subproducto.

Abstract In Colombia, public policies aimed at the youth population were structured under the framework of social, economic, and cultural rights established by the national constitution of 1991, which allowed for broadening perspectives regarding the role of this age group and its life cycle. In this article, I focus on public policies aimed at youth in Colombia between 1992 and 2022, especially in relation to youth employment, which constitutes the case study. The analysis seeks to contrast theoretical patterns regarding the role of young people with the role assigned to them in public policy, examining national development plans, documents from the National Council for Economic and Social Policy (CONPES, in Spanish), and employment programs, to demonstrate changes and advances towards the recognition of their rights. It is concluded that the governmental structure implemented for the development of these policies, as well as their respective programs, have limited the continuity and progression of youth rights, as a vision prevails in which youth is understood as a transitional stage and family and individual resources determine to a great extent the effective enjoyment of rights.

Resumen En Colombia, las políticas públicas orientadas a la población joven se estructuraron bajo el marco de los derechos sociales, económicos y culturales establecido por la Constitución Política aprobada en el año 1991, lo que permitió ampliar la perspectiva sobre el rol de este grupo etario y de su ciclo de vida. En el presente artículo me enfoco en las políticas públicas dirigidas a la juventud en Colombia entre 1992 y 2022, ahondando especialmente en lo relacionado al empleo juvenil, el cual constituye el caso de estudio. El análisis busca contrastar los patrones teóricos sobre el papel de los y las jóvenes con el rol que se les asigna en la política pública, examinando los planes de desarrollo nacional, los documentos publicados por el Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social (CONPES) y los programas de empleo, con el fin de evidenciar los cambios y la evolución hacia el reconocimiento de sus derechos. Se concluye que la estructura gubernamental implementada para el desarrollo de estas políticas, al igual que sus respectivos programas, han limitado la continuidad y la progresión de los derechos juveniles, pues prevale una visión donde se entiende a la juventud como una etapa de transición en la que los recursos familiares e individuales determinan en gran medida el goce efectivo de sus derechos.

Abstract This article explores the meanings of masculinities among university students in the city of Temuco, Araucanía region, in Chile, considering that students at this level of education constitute a sector that is questioning the values in their education, including representations of traditional gender relations. Hegemonic masculinities and masculinities closer to gender equity, which may be in transformation - especially among young people, stand out in the review of literature on masculinities in Latin America. Our research approach was qualitative, with an intentional sampling; 10 interviews and two focus groups were carried out. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the information collected. The results obtained, in agreement with the literature, reflect such mandates as the protection of women; professional and economic success; and virility, associated with the active heterosexual man. By contrast, we also find accounts of young university students who question traditional mandates and who believe in the equality of gender roles, redefining what it means to be men today. This indicates the coexistence of traditional and transforming masculinities among the university students who participated in the study.

Resumen En este artículo se exploran los significados de las masculinidades de universitarios en la ciudad de Temuco, región La Araucanía en Chile, considerando que los estudiantes con este nivel de formación constituyen un segmento que cuestiona los valores presentes en su educación, incluyendo las representaciones de las relaciones de género tradicionales. De acuerdo con la revisión de la literatura sobre masculinidades en América Latina, se destaca la presencia de masculinidades hegemónicas y de masculinidades más cercanas a la equidad de género que pueden estar en transformación, especialmente entre los jóvenes. El acercamiento a esta realidad se llevó a cabo a través de una metodología cualitativa, con un muestreo intencionado; se aplicaron 10 entrevistas y dos grupos focales. Para analizar la información recogida se utilizó el análisis de contenido cualitativo. Los resultados obtenidos, en concordancia con la literatura consultada, destacan mandatos como la protección de las mujeres, el éxito profesional y económico y la virilidad asociada al hombre heterosexual activo. Por otro lado, se encuentran relatos de jóvenes universitarios que cuestionan los mandatos tradicionales y que creen en la igualdad de roles de género, redefiniendo lo que significa ser hombres en la actualidad. Esto evidencia la coexistencia de masculinidades tradicionales y en transformación entre los universitarios que participaron en el estudio.

Resumo Introdução: O início da terapia renal substitutiva (TRS) de modo não planejado em portadores de doença renal crônica (DRC) é situação frequente mundialmente. Nesse cenário, a diálise peritoneal (DP) tem se evidenciado como opção terapêutica em comparação à hemodiálise (HD). Na TRS planejada, os custos da DP são inferiores aos da HD, porém a literatura carece dessas análises quando o início é urgente. Objetivo: Avaliar clínica e economicamente, na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a estratégia de iniciar TRS não planejada por HD e DP em pacientes durante seu primeiro ano de terapia. Metodologia: Estudo quase experimental com análise de custo-efetividade a partir de dados primários de pacientes incidentes em TRS, em horizonte temporal de doze meses, por intenção de tratamento. A coleta de dados ocorreu de maneira prospectiva, diretamente dos prontuários médicos, computando dados de utilização de terapia dialítica, medicações de alto custo, procedimentos em acessos dialíticos e eventos ocorridos, com estimativa de custos pelos valores repassados pelo SUS. Na análise econômica, foi proposta a aplicação de método de bootstrapping e construção de gráficos. Resultados: No fim de um ano, não houve diferenças entre custos e efetividade ao iniciar a TRS de maneira não planejada por DP e HD. Conclusão: Iniciar TRS por DP é opção semelhante a iniciar por HD em pacientes com necessidade de métodos não planejados. A mínima necessidade de investimento inicial para criação de vagas de DP é fator que a fortalece como política de saúde pública para expansão da TRS em países em desenvolvimento.

Abstract Introduction: Unplanned initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is a common situation worldwide. In this scenario, peritoneal dialysis (PD) has emerged as a therapeutic option compared to hemodialysis (HD). In planned RRT, the costs of PD are lower than those of HD; however, the literature lacks such analyses when initiation is urgent. Objective: To clinically and economically evaluate, from the perspective of the Unified Health System (SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde), the strategy of initiating unplanned RRT using HD or PD in patients during their first year of therapy. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study with cost-effectiveness analysis based on primary data from incident patients on RRT, over a twelve-month follow-up period, using the intention-to-treat approach. Data collection occurred prospectively, directly from medical records, computing data on the use of dialysis therapy, high-cost medications, procedures in dialysis accesses and recorded events. Costs were estimated using the amounts reimbursed by the SUS. In the economic analysis, the application of the bootstrap method and the construction of graphical representations were proposed. Results: At the end of one year, there were no differences between costs and effectiveness when initiating unplanned RRT using either PD or HD. Conclusion: Starting RRT with PD is a similar option to starting with HD in patients requiring unplanned methods. The minimal initial investment required to establish PD slots makes it a strong option as a public health policy for expanding RRT in developing countries.

Résumé Cet article a pour but de démontrer la pertinence de l´approche transversale des chiffres et des cartes afin de mettre en évidence le pouvoir performatif qui se dégage de leurs intersections tecnhopolitiques telles que le concept de densité de population et la régionalisation du territoire. Appliquée au Brésil, l´étude croisée met en lumière des aspects du processus de construction de l´État, de la centralisation de l´autorité politique et de la création de nouvelles catégories de personnes et d´espaces de gouvernement. Pour ce faire, les tendances qui ont rapproché la statistique et la cartographie au cours de l´Empire brésilien y sont annalysées, en comprenant leur rôle en tant qu´instruments descriptifs du pouvoir souverain. De même, l´article aborde les circonstances qui conduissent à l´importance croissante des chiffres et des cartes comme une référente commune pour l´action collective et la production d´identités sociales. Basé sur le cadre de la sociologie de la quantification, l´article s´intéresse à l´émergence de la cartographie statistique et la régionalisation croissante des données officielles entre les années 1920 et 1940, liée à une nouvelle façon de definir la «brésilité », d´ordonner le territoire et de gouverner la population. On conclut que quantifier, c´est aussi visualiser et imaginer des grandeurs démographiques et économiques dans une spatialité cohérente et unitaire une fois stabilisée par des conventions d´équivalence. lapproche l approche Brésil létude étude lÉtat État l´État lautorité autorité despaces d espaces gouvernement faire lEmpire Empire annalysées quinstruments qu instruments souverain même larticle limportance importance laction action didentités identités sociales quantification sintéresse s intéresse lémergence émergence 192 1940 brésilité » dordonner ordonner quantifier cest c est déquivalence équivalence d´équivalence 19 194 1

Abstract This article takes a cross-disciplinary approach to numbers and maps to demonstrate the performative power that emerges from their technopolitical intersections, such as the concept of population density and regional delineation of territory. Applied to the Brazilian context, this combined analysis sheds light on aspects related to the construction of State authority and its power to create categories of people and places. To do so, this paper examines trends that bring statistics and cartography together in the Brazilian Empire, indicating a common status for maps and numbers as descriptive instruments of sovereign power, including their modes of use and conditions for producing and validating truth. Subsequently, it addresses the factors leading to the growing importance of numbers and maps for collective action and the production of shared identities. Drawing on references from the sociology of quantification, this paper focuses on the emergence of statistical cartography and the increasing regionalization of official data between the 1920s and 1940s – linked to a new way of defining Brazilian identity, organizing territory, and managing population. It concludes that quantifying is also visualizing demographic and economic quantities in a coherent and unitary spatiality, once stabilized by conventions of equivalence. crossdisciplinary cross disciplinary intersections territory context places so Empire truth Subsequently identities quantification s identity spatiality equivalence

Resumo Este artigo realiza uma abordagem cruzada de números e mapas de modo a evidenciar o poder performativo que emerge de suas interseções tecnopolíticas, como o conceito de densidade populacional e o recorte regional do território. Aplicada ao caso brasileiro, a análise combinada ilumina aspectos relativos à construção da autoridade do Estado e seu poder de criar categorias de pessoas e lugares. Para tanto, examinamos as tendências que aproximam a estatística da cartografia no Brasil Império e que indicam um estatuto comum a mapas e números enquanto instrumentos descritivos do poder soberano, como suas modalidades de uso, e suas condições de produção e validação da verdade. Na sequência, abordamos os fatores que levam à crescente importância dos números e dos mapas para a ação coletiva e para a produção de identidades compartilhadas. Com base nas referências da sociologia da quantificação, enfocamos a emergência da cartografia estatística e a crescente regionalização dos dados oficiais, entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940, ligadas a um novo modo de definir a brasilidade, ordenar o território e gerir a população. Concluímos que quantificar é também visualizar quantidades demográficas e econômicas em uma espacialidade coerente e unitária, uma vez estabilizada por convenções de equivalência. tecnopolíticas brasileiro lugares tanto soberano uso verdade sequência compartilhadas quantificação oficiais 192 1940 brasilidade população unitária equivalência 19 194 1

Resumen Este artículo realiza un abordaje cruzado de números y mapas con el fin de evidenciar el poder performativo que emerge de sus intersecciones tecnopolíticas, como el concepto de densidad poblacional y el recorte regional del territorio. Aplicado al caso brasilero, el análisis combinado ilustra aspectos relativos a la construcción de la autoridad del Estado y su poder de crear categorías de personas y lugares. Para ese propósito, examinamos las tendencias que aproximan la estadística de la cartografía en Brasil Imperio y que indican un estatuto común a mapas y números como instrumentos descriptivos del poder soberano, sus modalidades de uso y sus condiciones de producción y validación de la verdad. Luego, abordamos los factores que conducen a la creciente importancia de los números y de los mapas para la acción colectiva y para la producción de identidades compartidas. Con base en las referencias de la sociología de la cuantificación, nos enfocamos en la emergencia de la cartografía estadística y en la creciente regionalización de los datos oficiales entre las décadas de 1920 y 1940, vinculadas a un nuevo modo de definir la “brasilidad”, ordenar el territorio y administrar la población. Concluimos que cuantificar es también visualizar cantidades demográficas y económicas en una espacialidad coherente y unitaria, una vez estabilizada por convenciones de equivalencia. tecnopolíticas brasilero lugares propósito soberano verdad Luego compartidas cuantificación 192 1940 brasilidad, brasilidad , “brasilidad” población unitaria equivalencia 19 194 “brasilidad 1

Résumé L’article vise à étudier un parcours unique de réception et de traduction des idées d’Antonio Gramsci au Brésil. Ce travail vise à reconstruire la pensée politique de Fernando Henrique Cardoso pendant la dictature militaire et la transition démocratique brésilienne (1964-1988), en prenant comme fil conducteur l’interprétation et l’utilisation par l’auteur des idées d’Antonio Gramsci au fil du temps pour analyser la formation de l’État, des classes sociales et de la politique au Brésil. Le texte développe l’hypothèse de la centralité des concepts gramsciens dans la pensée de Cardoso en trois phases de réfraction gramscienne : (i) entre 1964 et 1974, dans la thèse de l’hégémonie dépendante de la bourgeoisie au Brésil, (ii) entre 1974 et 1983, dans la défense de l’État brésilien en tant que « Prince modern » comme catégorie d’analyse de la coalition agraire-industrielle-militaire dans la période post-1964, et (iii) de 1983 à 1988, dans la formulation du transformisme autoritaire-éclairées comme comportement des élites économiques et militaires brésiliennes face à la pression pour la démocratisation du régime. L’utilisation par Cardoso des concepts gramsciens est créative à tous ces moments. En d’autres termes, le penseur brésilien s’inspire des concepts gramsciens pour créer son propre lexique d’analyse de la politique brésilienne. L’article explore donc non seulement la réception, mais aussi la traduction des idées de Gramsci chez Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Larticle L article dAntonio d Antonio Brésil 19641988, 19641988 1988 , (1964-1988) linterprétation l interprétation lutilisation utilisation lauteur auteur lÉtat, lÉtat État, État lhypothèse hypothèse i (i 196 lhégémonie hégémonie ii (ii 197 danalyse analyse agraireindustriellemilitaire agraire industrielle post1964, post1964 post 1964, post-1964 iii (iii 198 autoritaireéclairées autoritaire éclairées régime Lutilisation moments dautres autres termes sinspire s inspire 1964198 (1964-1988 19 post196 post-196 196419 (1964-198 1 post19 post-19 19641 (1964-19 post1 post-1 (1964-1 post- (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Abstract This article aims to investigate a unique path in the reception and translation of Antonio Gramsci’s ideas in Brazil. This work attempts to reconstruct Fernando Henrique Cardoso’s political thought during the Brazilian military dictatorship and democratic transition (1964-1988), focusing on his interpretation and use of Antonio Gramsci’s ideas to analyze state formation, social classes and politics in Brazil. The paper argues that the Gramscian concepts are central to Cardoso’s political thought in three phases of Gramscian refraction: (i) between 1964 and 1974, in the thesis of the Brazilian bourgeoisie’s dependent hegemony; (ii) between 1974 and 1983, in the argument of the Brazilian state as the “Modern Prince” as a concept for the analysis of the agrarian-industrial-military coalition in the post-1964 period; and (iii) from 1983 to 1988, in the definition of the Brazilian economic and military elites’ behavior as a authoritarian-scletortic transformism in the face of the pressures for the democratization of the political regime. Cardoso’s uses of Gramscian concepts are creative at all these moments. That is, the Brazilian thinker draws on Gramscian concepts to create his own lexicon to employ in the analysis of Brazilian politics. The article therefore explores not only the reception, but also the translation of Gramsci’s ideas in Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Gramscis Gramsci s Brazil Cardosos Cardoso 19641988, 19641988 1988 , (1964-1988) formation refraction i (i 196 bourgeoisies bourgeoisie hegemony ii (ii 197 Modern Prince agrarianindustrialmilitary agrarian industrial post1964 post post-196 period iii (iii 198 elites authoritarianscletortic authoritarian scletortic regime moments is 1964198 (1964-1988 19 post196 post-19 196419 (1964-198 1 post19 post-1 19641 (1964-19 post1 post- (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo investigar um percurso singular de recepção e tradução das ideias de Antonio Gramsci no Brasil. Este trabalho visa reconstruir o pensamento político de Fernando Henrique Cardoso durante a ditadura militar e a transição democrática brasileira (1964-1988) tomando como fio condutor a interpretação e uso que esse autor faz das ideias de Antonio Gramsci ao longo do tempo para a análise da formação do Estado, das classes sociais e da política no Brasil. O texto desenvolve a hipótese da centralidade dos conceitos gramscianos no pensamento de Cardoso em três fases de refração gramsciana: i) entre 1964 e 1974, na tese da hegemonia dependente da burguesia no Brasil, ii) entre 1974 e 1983, na defesa do Estado brasileiro como “Príncipe Moderno” enquanto categoria para análise da coalizão agrário-industrial-militar no pós-1964, e iii) de 1983 a 1988, na formulação do transformismo autoritário-esclarecido como comportamento das elites econômicas e militares brasileiras diante da pressão pela democratização do regime. Os usos dos conceitos gramscianos em Cardoso são criativos em todos esses momentos. Isto é, o pensador brasileiro se inspira nos conceitos gramscianos para criar seu próprio léxico a ser utilizado na análise da política brasileira. O artigo explora, portanto, não apenas a recepção, mas também a tradução das ideias de Gramsci em Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Brasil 19641988 1988 (1964-1988 gramsciana i 196 ii 197 Príncipe Moderno agrárioindustrialmilitar agrário industrial pós1964, pós1964 pós 1964, pós-1964 iii 198 autoritárioesclarecido autoritário esclarecido regime momentos é explora portanto 1964198 (1964-198 19 pós196 pós-196 196419 (1964-19 1 pós19 pós-19 19641 (1964-1 pós1 pós-1 (1964- pós- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Resumen El artículo pretende investigar una trayectoria singular de recepción y traducción de las ideas de Antonio Gramsci en Brasil. Este artículo pretende reconstruir el pensamiento político de Fernando Henrique Cardoso durante la dictadura militar y la transición democrática brasileña (1964-1988), tomando como hilo conductor la interpretación y el uso que el autor hizo de las ideas de Antonio Gramsci a lo largo del tiempo para analizar la formación del Estado, las clases sociales y la política en Brasil. El texto desarrolla la hipótesis de la centralidad de los conceptos gramscianos en el pensamiento de Cardoso en tres fases de refracción gramsciana: (i) entre 1964 y 1974, en la tesis de la hegemonía dependiente de la burguesía en Brasil, (ii) entre 1974 y 1983, en la defensa del Estado brasileño como “Príncipe Moderno” como categoría de análisis de la coalición agrario-industrial-militar en el período posterior a 1964, y (iii) entre 1983 y 1988, en la formulación del transformismo autoritario-esclarecido como comportamiento de las élites económicas y militares brasileñas frente a la presión por la democratización del régimen. El uso que Cardoso hace de los conceptos gramscianos es creativo en todos estos momentos. En otras palabras, el pensador brasileño se inspira en los conceptos gramscianos para crear su propio léxico de análisis de la política brasileña. El artículo explora, por tanto, no sólo la recepción, sino también la traducción de las ideas de Gramsci en Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Brasil 19641988, 19641988 1988 , (1964-1988) gramsciana i (i 196 ii (ii 197 Príncipe Moderno agrarioindustrialmilitar agrario industrial iii (iii 198 autoritarioesclarecido autoritario esclarecido régimen momentos palabras explora tanto 1964198 (1964-1988 19 196419 (1964-198 1 19641 (1964-19 (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Abstract: The objective of this research study is to assess the professional social responsibility (PSR) of graduates in administrative, economic, and accounting sciences from Chile. An instrument is applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 137 professionals. The methodology is exploratory and a validated instrument is applied. An exploratory factor analysis is performed and statistically significant differences are examined. The results show differences according to: gender, volunteering, and social organization. Universities should implement educational policies that include the values of social responsibility while being consistent with both professional profiles and the needs of modern companies. In conclusion, the results of this research should be used by higher education institutions (HEIs) according to both the characteristics of the professional discipline and the unique requirements of the interest groups inhabiting their territories of influence.

Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la responsabilidad social profesional (RSP) de titulados en ciencias administrativas, económicas y contables en Chile. Se aplica un instrumento a una muestra no probabilística compuesta por 137 profesionales. La metodología es de carácter exploratorio y se aplica un instrumento validado. Se realiza un análisis factorial exploratorio y se examinan diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Los resultados demuestran diferencias según: sexo, voluntariado y organización social. Las universidades deben implementar políticas educativas que incluyan los valores de la responsabilidad social en consistencia con los perfiles profesionales en coherencia con las necesidades de las empresas modernas. En conclusión, los resultados de esta investigación deben ser usados por instituciones de educación superior (IES) de acuerdo a las características de la disciplina profesional y la singularidad de los requerimientos de los grupos de interés que habitan sus territorios de influencia.

Cappadocia is not only a region of Turkey with historical and touristic importance. During the cutting and processing of volcanic tuff, quarries in this region release large amounts of tuff into the environment that is viewed as waste. The release of this waste constitutes an economic loss and contributes to environmental pollution. However, through experimentation with deformation, weight per unit of volume, water absorption, uniaxial compression strength, modulus of elasticity, and point load strength index, volcanic tuff and marble dust composite materials can be produced for use in the building sector. In this study it was observed that, as the percentage of volcanic tuff dust in the mixture increased, the water absorption rate of the material increased, and uniaxial compression strength and point load strength decreased. The produced composite samples used in this study were kept for a predetermined number of times per day, and no deformation in the surface characteristics of the materials was observed. In a statistical parameter analysis, averages, variances, standard deviations, coefficients of variation, and skewness coefficients were calculated. Covariance changes between experimental parameters were also determined. In this study, two types of volcanic tuff dust, that is, yellow and red, were produced during the production of tuff-marble dust composite material. When the percentage of either type of volcanic tuff dust was increased, an increase in water absorption was observed. It was also observed that when the percentage of volcanic tuff dust was increased, uniaxial compressive strength and point load strength decreased. Furthermore, the physical and mechanical properties of the materials obtained by mixing different colored tuff powders and marble powders in different proportions were evaluated using statistical parameter analysis.

Abstract Nuclear Medicine plays an important role in the management of patients with chronic diseases, especially oncological and cardiovascular conditions. In this study, an analysis of the evolution of this field in Brazil was conducted within the framework of the Unified Health System. Retrospective analyses from 2015 to 2021 of public data were performed. Although Brazil has a considerable number of facilities, their geographical distribution is uneven. The same disparity is observed in relation to units that produce and distribute radiopharmaceuticals, limiting access for the Brazilian population, particularly to those with a half-life of less than two hours. There is a noticeable high technological dependence on foreign companies, with little or no domestic production, contributing to a deficit in the trade balance. Despite the increasing demands due to factors such as population aging and epidemiological changes, the area did not expand. It is crucial to implement social and economic policies to reduce vulnerabilities in the public healthcare system, ensure its sustainability, and promote equal and universal access to Nuclear Medicine.

Resumo A Medicina Nuclear desempenha um importante papel no manejo de pacientes com doenças crônicas, especialmente oncológicas e cardiovasculares. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma análise da evolução da área no Brasil, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises restrospectivas entre 2015 e 2021 de dados públicos. Embora o Brasil possua uma quantidade considerável de instalações, sua distribuição geográfica é desigual. A mesma disparidade é observada em relação às unidades produtoras e distribuidoras de radiofármacos, limitando o acesso da população brasileira, particularmente àqueles com meia-vida inferior a duas horas. Percebe-se a alta dependência tecnológica de empresas estrangeiras, com pouca ou nenhuma produção nacional, o que contribui para o déficit na balança comercial. Apesar das possíveis demandas crescentes sobre a área devido a fatores como o envelhecimento da população e mudanças epidemiológicas a área não se expandiu. É crucial implementar políticas sociais e econômicas voltadas à área para reduzir as vulnerabilidades do sistema de saúde, assegurar sua sustentabilidade e promover um acesso igualitário e universal aos serviços de Medicina Nuclear.

Resumen La Medicina Nuclear tiene un papel importante en el manejo de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, especialmente oncológicas y cardiovasculares. Este estudio realizó un análisis de la evolución del área en Brasil, en el ámbito del Sistema Único de Salud brasileño. Para ello, se realizaron análisis retrospectivos entre 2015 y 2021 de datos públicos. Si bien Brasil tiene un número considerable de instalaciones, su distribución geográfica es desigual. Se observa la misma disparidad respecto a las unidades productoras y distribuidoras de radiofármacos, lo que limita el acceso de la población brasileña, particularmente aquellos con vida media inferior a dos horas. Existe una alta dependencia tecnológica de empresas extranjeras, con poca o nula producción nacional, lo que contribuye al déficit de la balanza comercial. A pesar de la posible demanda creciente en el área debido a factores como el envejecimiento de la población y los cambios epidemiológicos, este campo no se ha expandido. Es crucial implementar políticas sociales y económicas enfocadas en el área para reducir las vulnerabilidades del sistema de salud, asegurar su sostenibilidad y promover el acceso igualitario y universal a los servicios de Medicina Nuclear.

Resumen La floricultura es un sector de creciente importancia a nivel mundial, contribuyendo a la generación de empleo, ingresos y a la promoción de la biodiversidad y la sostenibilidad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores que influyen en la adopción de la floricultura como cultivo alternativo en la provincia de Leoncio Prado, Perú, y evaluar su viabilidad económica. Para ello, se encuestó a 269 agricultores, analizando actitudes, aptitud de la tierra, factores socioeconómicos y ambientales. Mediante análisis descriptivo, pruebas de chi-cuadrado y regresión logística (p < 0,1) se seleccionaron los factores influyentes. Además, se emplearon múltiples algoritmos de aprendizaje automático (Árboles de Decisión, Regresión Logística, KNN, SVM, Ensemble, Redes Neuronales, Naive Bayes) con validación cruzada (k = 5) y métricas AUC para modelar la intención de adopción. Se desarrollaron escenarios incrementando la predisposición a adoptar la floricultura, y se realizó un análisis económico de ocho especies tropicales (Ginger Rojo, Anturio, Bastón del Emperador, Heliconia, Gardenia, Pico de Loro, Heliconias Golden, Maracas). Los resultados revelan que la disposición a cambiar de cultivo, la participación en campañas de sensibilización, la destinación de áreas a la conservación y el control de costos son factores clave. El modelo de redes neuronales alcanzó un AUC de 83,3% y escenarios mejorados indican que la adopción podría incrementar hasta en 11,32%. El Ginger Rojo demostró alta rentabilidad (VAN S/10428; TIR 51%; PRI 0,7 años). En conclusión, la floricultura representa una alternativa económica y ambientalmente viable que contribuye a la diversificación agrícola y a la sostenibilidad.

Abstract Floriculture is a sector of growing global importance, contributing to employment generation, income creation, and the promotion of biodiversity and sustainability. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing the adoption of floriculture as an alternative crop in the province of Leoncio Prado, Peru, and to assess its economic viability. A total of 269 farmers were surveyed, analyzing attitudes, land suitability, and socioeconomic and environmental factors. Influential factors were identified using descriptive analysis, chi-square tests, and logistic regression (p < 0.1). Additionally, multiple machine learning algorithms (Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, KNN, SVM, Ensemble, Neural Networks, Naive Bayes) with cross-validation (k = 5) and AUC metrics were employed to model adoption intentions. Scenarios were developed to increase the willingness to adopt floriculture, and an economic analysis of eight tropical species (Red Ginger, Anthurium, Emperor's Staff, Heliconia, Gardenia, Parrot's Beak, Golden Heliconias, Maracas) was conducted. The results reveal that willingness to change crops, participation in awareness campaigns, allocation of areas for conservation, and cost control are key factors. The neural network model achieved an AUC of 83.3%, and improved scenarios indicate that adoption could increase by up to 11.32%. Red Ginger demonstrated high profitability (NPV S/10428; IRR 51%; PBP 0.7 years). In conclusion, floriculture represents an economically and environmentally viable alternative that contributes to agricultural diversification and sustainability.

ABSTRACT In 1970, the Special Regulatory Zone (SRZ) zoning category was created in Peru. Its objective was to intervene in irregular settlements. Three decades later, the category underwent a transformation. Following the neoliberal turn, SRZs began to be used with a variety of ends, such as extracting land values and opening new spaces for private investment. Based on archival research and the analysis of legal documents and newspapers, this paper explores this transition. The paper addresses two central questions: How did the use of the Special Regulatory Zone zoning category change during the neoliberal turn? And what can this change tell us about broader transformations in Lima’s planning and urban governance?

RESUMEN En 1970, se creó una nueva categoría de zonificación en Perú: Zona de Reglamentación Especial (Zre). El objetivo era intervenir en asentamientos irregulares. Tres décadas después, la misma categoría había sido transformada. Tras el giro neoliberal, las Zre empezaron a ser usadas para otros fines, incluyendo extraerle valor al suelo urbano y abrir espacio para inversiones privadas. A partir de trabajo de archivo y del análisis de documentos legales y fuentes periodísticas, este artículo explora esa transición. Las preguntas que guían la investigación son dos: ¿Cómo cambió el uso de la categoría Zona de Reglamentación Especial en el contexto del giro neoliberal?, y la otra: ¿Qué nos dice este cambio sobre las transformaciones más amplias en la planificación y la economía política de la gobernanza urbana en Lima?

ABSTRACT Purpose This study investigated the association between self-perception of stuttering and self-perception of hearing, speech fluency profile, and contextual aspects in Brazilian adults who stutter. Methods Fifty-five adults who stutter (ages 18 to 58 years), speakers of Brazilian Portuguese speakers, participated in an observational study that included: (a) a clinical history survey to collect identification, sociodemographic, clinical, and assistance data; (b) the Brazil Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB); (c) a hearing self-perception questionnaire (Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale – SSQ, version 5.6); (d) self-perception of the impact of stuttering (Brazilian Portuguese version of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering – Adults – OASES-A); and (e) an assessment of speech fluency (Fluency Profile Assessment Protocol -- PAPF). Data analysis consisted of descriptive and bivariate analysis using Pearson’s chi-square, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results Most participants were classified as moderate to severe in the total classification of the impact of stuttering. There were moderate and weak negative correlations between the participants' self-perception of stuttering and self-perception of hearing. Conclusion Self-perception of auditory abilities was greater to the extent that self-perception of the impacts of stuttering on quality of life was lower.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the use of waste plastic (polyethylene and polypropylene) and foundry sand to manufacture eco-friendly paver blocks, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional materials. The project aims to address the challenges of plastic waste disposal and environmental damage caused by sand mining. Twelve paver block samples were prepared with varying proportions of plastic (30%–60%) and foundry sand, with or without coarse aggregate. The mechanical properties, including compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, and fire resistance, were tested following ASTM standards. The optimal mix, FPA-2 (40% plastic, 40% foundry sand, 20% coarse aggregate), exhibited a compressive strength of 27 N/mm2 and a flexural strength of 6.7 N/mm2, comparable to traditional paver blocks. Water absorption rates were below 7%, and the blocks met fire resistance criteria. Cost analysis revealed that plastic-based paver blocks are up to 25% cheaper than conventional ones, enhancing their economic feasibility. By repurposing waste materials, this study offers a sustainable solution for reducing natural resource dependency and mitigating environmental harm. The findings highlight the potential for plastic-based paver blocks to promote circular economy practices, maintain performance standards, and provide cost-effective alternatives for the construction industry.

The Dipteryx genus, a member of the Fabaceae family with approximately 14 species, is found in Brazil’s Amazon Rainforest, Northeast and Central regions, and Central America. Plants of this genus are used in popular medicine and contain coumarins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and fatty acids. Dipteryx lacunifera Ducke, known as “garampara” or “fava de morcego”, occurs in Brazil’s central-north region and has economic and energy value, along with antioxidant properties. For this study, ethyl acetate and ethylic ether soluble fraction of ethanol extract were subjected to chromatographic analysis leading to the isolation of two flavonoids, vitexin (1) and isoquercetin (6). In addition, analysis by electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-ITMS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS) annotated twenty-one compounds (1-21), with seventeen of these being reported for the first time in D. lacunifera. Molecular network (GNPS) analysis grouped compounds (7-21) into flavonoids-O-glucoside, flavononol-O-glucoside, flavone-C-glucoside, proanthocyanidin, flavonol, and flavonoid-O-methoxylated classes. The FEtOAc fraction demonstrated potential antioxidant activity (half maximal effective concentration (EC50) 39.50 ± 6.51 mg mL−1), suggesting it as a promising source of antioxidants. However, neither fraction exhibited inhibition of tumor cell lines tested. These findings enhance our understanding of the chemical and biological potential of the D. lacunifera species.