Abstract (Introduction): Bycatch and discards are a socio-environmental concern that threatens the sustainability of marine life and fishing grounds. Approaches to this problem have focused on biological and/or ecological aspects. We considered it necessary to explore the problem from the social dimension and for this purpose we explored social representations. (Objective): The aim of this study is to explore the social representations of bycatch and discards in a group of businessmen and workers in the capture stage of the Argentine industrial fishing activity. We ask how they evaluate bycatch and fishing discards, what are their causes and if they observe possible solutions. (Methodology): Within the framework of a project of the Federal Fishing Council, we conducted focus groups with businessmen, business chambers, SOMU workers and captains of the industrial fishing activity. (Results): The results of the focus groups conducted in 2021 reveal three main causes of this problem. First, the lack of reliable data on actual discard levels raises concerns about sustainability and overfishing. Second, the low utilization of selectivity devices is attributed to their operational inefficiency and possible labour barriers. Finally, economic and organizational pressures, such as company profitability and workers’ salaries, justify the discard of non-target species, exacerbating the problem. (Conclusions): The work contributes to an understanding of the main reasons for bycatch and discards, which is essential to advance solutions. We understand that solutions are not simple and involve a sincere debate among stakeholders.

Resumen (Introducción): Las capturas incidentales y los descartes pesqueros son una preocupación socioambiental que amenaza la sostenibilidad de la vida marina y de los caladeros. Los abordajes a esta problemática estuvieron centrados en aspectos biológicos y ecológicos. Consideramos necesario explorar la problemática desde la dimensión social y para ello, exploramos las representaciones sociales. (Objetivo): El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las representaciones sobre capturas incidentales y descartes pesqueros en un grupo de empresarios y trabajadores de la etapa de captura de la actividad pesquera industrial argentina, específicamente, cómo evalúan este problema, sus causas y posibles soluciones. (Metodología): En el marco de un proyecto del Consejo Federal Pesquero, se realizaron grupos focales con seis cámaras empresariales y personal jerárquico de empresas asociadas, así como trabajadores del SOMU y capitanes que operan en alta mar. (Resultados): Los resultados de los grupos focales realizados en 2021 revelaron tres principales causas de dicha problemática. Primero, la falta de datos confiables sobre los niveles reales de descarte genera preocupaciones sobre la sostenibilidad y la sobreexplotación. Segundo, la escasa utilización de dispositivos de selectividad se atribuye a su ineficacia operativa y a posibles barreras laborales. Finalmente, las presiones económicas y organizacionales, como la rentabilidad de las empresas y los salarios de los trabajadores, justifican el descarte, exacerbando el problema. (Conclusiones): El trabajo aporta a un entendimiento sobre las razones de la captura incidental y los descarte, esencial para avanzar en soluciones. Entendemos que las soluciones no son simples e implican un sincero debate entre actores.

Abstract (Introduction): Within the framework of the present capitalist system, human beings have become an important polluting agent. Current production and consumption processes do not consider the existence of finite natural resources and a planet incapable of treating the waste that the prevailing way of life generates. Given these circumstances, the study of non-linear models is of interest, which make a more rational use of the waste that the productive activity generates, favoring recycling mechanisms. The phenomenon of recycling becomes particularly relevant in the case of electrical and electronic devices, whose ability to be degraded and metabolized by planet Earth is extremely difficult. (Objective): Evaluate the feasibility of installing and starting a recycling plant for electrical and electronics items in the town of Bahía Blanca (Argentina), during 2021. (Methodology): The conventional method for evaluating investment projects was used, considering technical, legal and economic aspects. (Results): The project is not acceptable according to the profitability intended by the investor. The possibility of financing was also included, which made the project even less profitable, and the sensitivity of the results was measured, finding that the price should be 1.48 % higher than that used in the analysis. (Conclusions): Other alternatives must be explored to make this proposal profitable from an economic and financial point of view.

Resumen (Introducción): En el marco del sistema capitalista vigente, el ser humano se ha transformado en un agente significativo de contaminación. Las dinámicas productivas y de consumo actuales no contemplan la existencia de recursos naturales finitos y de un planeta incapaz de procesar los desperdicios que el modo de vida habitual genera. Dadas estas circunstancias, cobra interés el estudio de modelos no lineales, que hagan un uso más racional de los residuos derivados de la actividad productiva, los cuales favorezcan mecanismos de reciclaje. El fenómeno del reciclaje se vuelve, en particular, relevante para el caso de los artefactos eléctricos y electrónicos; la capacidad del planeta Tierra para degradarlos y metabolizarlos resulta sumamente difícil. (Objetivo): Evaluar la factibilidad de la instalación y puesta en marcha de una planta recicladora de artículos eléctricos y electrónicos en la localidad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), durante el 2021. (Metodología): Se utilizó la metodología convencional de evaluación de proyectos de inversión, considerando aspectos técnicos, legales y económicos. (Resultados): El proyecto no es aceptable según la rentabilidad pretendida por el inversor. También se incluyó la posibilidad de un financiamiento, lo que hizo que el plan fuera menos rentable aún, y se midió la sensibilidad de los resultados: se halló que el precio debiera ser 1.48 % superior al utilizado en el análisis. (Conclusiones): Se deben explorar otras alternativas para lograr que el proyecto sea rentable desde el punto de vista económico-financiero.

Abstract (Introduction): The search for techniques and methods for managing sludge generated during wastewater treatment is necessary to ensure sustainable sanitation in the medium term in Latin America. An interesting approach involves converting sludge into a biosolid usable in agriculture through alkaline sanitization. (Objective): We evaluated this technique’s efficacy and economic and environmental viability for obtaining an agriculturally usable type A biosolid from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. (Methodology): To this end, the efficacy in reducing microbiological parameters was experimentally tested at the laboratory scale using quicklime, for anaerobic and aerobic WWTP sludge. The experimental results fed a benefit/cost analysis model and a life cycle assessment. (Results): It was confirmed that applying a 40 % lime dose allowed the obtention of a type A biosolid with non-detectable concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms, which remained in that condition for more than 30 days. Additionally, the benefit/cost and life cycle analyses concluded that this option would be more attractive than sludge disposal in a landfill, due to the corresponding savings in chemical compounds (fertilizers, agricultural lime). (Conclusions): Therefore, alkaline sanitization can be considered suitable for WWTP sludge management. Its application on a larger scale should be further investigated in the country and the Latin-American region, considering the risk associated to the presence of heavy metals too.

Resumen (Introducción): La búsqueda de técnicas y modelos de gestión del lodo generado durante el tratamiento de las aguas residuales es necesaria para garantizar un saneamiento sostenible a mediano plazo en América Latina. Una vía interesante consiste en convertir el lodo en un biosólido aprovechable en la agricultura por medio de la higienización alcalina. (Objetivo): Se evaluó la eficacia y la viabilidad económica y ambiental de esta técnica para la obtención de un biosólido tipo A aprovechable en la agricultura a partir de lodo de planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) ordinaria. (Metodología): Para ello se probó experimentalmente en escala de laboratorio la eficacia en el decaimiento de parámetros microbiológicos higienizados con cal viva, usando lodo anaeróbico y aeróbico de PTAR. Los resultados experimentales alimentaron un modelo de análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida. (Resultados): Pudo corroborarse que la aplicación de dosis de cal de 40 % permitió obtener un biosólido tipo A con concentraciones de microorganismos patógenos no detectables, lo cual se mantuvo en esa condición por más de 30 días. Además, el análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida permitieron concluir que esta opción sería más atractiva que la disposición del lodo en un relleno sanitario, debido al ahorro correspondiente en compuestos químicos (fertilizantes o cal agrícola) derivado de su aprovechamiento. (Conclusiones): Por lo tanto, la técnica de higienización alcalina puede considerarse como adecuada para la gestión del lodo de PTAR y su aplicación a mayor escala debe investigarse en mayor detalle en el país y la región latinoamericana, considerando también el riesgo de presencia de metales pesados en este subproducto.

Abstract This study uses a historical-comparative method to examine the impacts of the four international economic crises that occurred until 2019 on the United States, Germany, and Brazil, focusing primarily on their effects on the political regime and the post-2008 period. The selected countries had different authoritarian experiences, either in the distant past or more recently. The State is conceptualized along three dimensions: political regime, decision-making apparatus, and the structure of political domination supported by coalitions. The argument is that the respective international critical junctures tend to impact this three-dimensionality, making it easier to observe their variations and continuities. Three hypotheses are formulated and corroborated regarding these crises: they tend to increase or decrease the levels of democracy or autocracy in regimes or change them; autocratization depends on a pro-business power balance that subordinates workers; the democratic commitment of actors operates against autocratization. This study’s contribution to the literature lies in the approach to processes of autocratization and democratization, which are investigated here through the impacts of international economic crises on States. Critical junctures shed light on key components of the mutability of the Leviathan. It investigates the political regime through the political economy of the relationships between the State, markets, and social classes, not exclusively through political-institutional variables. Mechanisms of intersection between the political-institutional sphere and economic and social structures and actors are analyzed. These mechanisms impact the three-dimensionality of the State, leading to changes in the regime or within the regime. historicalcomparative historical comparative 201 States Germany Brazil post2008 post 2008 post-200 period experiences recently dimensions decisionmaking decision apparatus coalitions threedimensionality, threedimensionality dimensionality, dimensionality continuities them probusiness pro business workers studys s democratization Leviathan markets classes politicalinstitutional institutional variables analyzed 20 post200 200 post-20 2 post20 post-2 post2 post-

Résumé Par la méthode historique-comparative, cet article aborde les impacts, sur les États-Unis, l’Allemagne et le Brésil, des quatre crises économiques internationales survenues jusqu’en 2019, en se concentrant principalement sur leurs effets sur le régime politique et le post-2008. Les pays sélectionnés ont eu des expériences autoritaires distinctes, anciennes ou actuelles. Je conceptualise l’État de manière tridimensionnelle : régime politique, appareil décisionnel et structure de domination politique appuyée sur des coalitions. J’argumente que les conjonctures internationales critiques ont tendance à avoir un impact sur cette tridimensionalité, facilitant l’observation de ses variations et continuités. Je formule et corrobore trois hypothèses sur ces crises : elles ont tendance à augmenter ou diminuer les niveaux de démocratie ou d’autocratie des régimes ou à les changer ; la réponse autocratisante dépend d’une relation de forces pro-entreprises, subordonnant les travailleurs ; l’engagement démocratique des acteurs s’oppose à l’autocratisation. La contribution à la littérature réside dans la manière d’aborder les processus d’autocratisation et de démocratisation, ici étudiés à travers les impacts des crises économiques internationales sur les États. Les conjonctures critiques éclairent les composants clés de la mutabilité du Léviathan. On examine le régime politique par la politique économique des relations entre l’État, les marchés et les classes sociales, et non exclusivement par les variables politico-institutionnelles. On analyse les mécanismes d’intersection de la sphère et des acteurs politico-institutionnels avec les structures et acteurs économiques et sociaux, qui, impactant la tridimensionalité de l’État, entraînent des changements de régime ou dans le régime. historiquecomparative, historiquecomparative historique comparative, comparative historique-comparative ÉtatsUnis, ÉtatsUnis États Unis, Unis États-Unis lAllemagne l Allemagne Brésil jusquen jusqu 2019 post2008. post2008 post 2008. 2008 post-2008 distinctes actuelles lÉtat État coalitions Jargumente J argumente lobservation observation continuités dautocratie d autocratie dune une proentreprises, proentreprises pro entreprises, entreprises pro-entreprises lengagement engagement soppose s oppose lautocratisation. lautocratisation autocratisation. autocratisation l’autocratisation daborder aborder dautocratisation démocratisation Léviathan lÉtat, État, sociales politicoinstitutionnelles. politicoinstitutionnelles politico institutionnelles. institutionnelles politico-institutionnelles dintersection intersection politicoinstitutionnels institutionnels sociaux qui 201 post200 200 post-200 20 post20 post-20 2 post2 post-2 post-

Resumo Aborda-se, pelo método histórico-comparativo, impactos, nos Estados dos EUA, Alemanha e Brasil, das quatro crises econômicas internacionais ocorridas até 2019, focando-se, principalmente, em seus efeitos no regime político e no pós-2008. Os países selecionados tiveram distintas experiências autoritárias, remotas ou atuais. Conceituo o Estado tridimensionalmente: regime político, aparato decisor e estrutura de dominação política escorada em coalizões. Argumento que as respectivas conjunturas críticas internacionais tendem a impactar nesta sua tridimensionalidade, facilitando a observação de suas variações e continuidades. Formulo e corroboro três hipóteses sobre essas crises: elas tendem a aumentar ou diminuir os níveis de democracia ou autocracia dos regimes ou a mudá-los; a resposta autocratizante depende de uma relação de forças pró-empresarial, que subordine os trabalhadores; o compromisso democrático dos atores opera contra a autocratização. A contribuição com a literatura está no modo de abordagem dos processos de autocratização e democratização, aqui investigados pelos impactos das crises econômicas internacionais nos Estados. As conjunturas críticas iluminam componentes-chave da mutabilidade do Leviatã. Investiga-se o regime político pela economia política das relações entre Estado, mercados e classes sociais, e não exclusivamente pelas variáveis político-institucionais. Analisam-se mecanismos de intersecção da esfera e dos atores político-institucionais com as estruturas e atores econômicos e sociais, que, impactando na tridimensionalidade do Estado, ensejam mudanças de regime ou no regime. Abordase, Abordase Aborda se, se Aborda-se históricocomparativo, históricocomparativo histórico comparativo, comparativo histórico-comparativo EUA Brasil 2019 focandose, focandose focando focando-se principalmente pós2008. pós2008 pós 2008. 2008 pós-2008 autoritárias atuais tridimensionalmente coalizões continuidades mudálos mudá los mudá-los próempresarial, próempresarial pró empresarial, empresarial pró-empresarial trabalhadores democratização componenteschave componentes chave Leviatã Investigase Investiga sociais políticoinstitucionais. políticoinstitucionais institucionais. institucionais Analisamse Analisam 201 pós200 200 pós-200 20 pós20 pós-20 2 pós2 pós-2 pós-

Resumen Por medio del método histórico comparativo, se abordan los impactos en los Estados de Estados Unidos, Alemania y Brasil, de las cuatro crisis económicas internacionales que han ocurrido hasta 2019, enfocándose, principalmente, en sus efectos en el régimen político y en el periodo posterior a 2008. Los países seleccionados tuvieron distintas experiencias autoritarias, antiguas o actuales. Defino al Estado de una forma tridimensional: régimen político, aparato decisor y estructura de dominación política respaldada en coaliciones. Argumento que las respectivas coyunturas críticas internacionales tienden a impactar esta tridimensionalidad, facilitando la observación de sus variaciones y continuidades. Así, formulo y corroboro tres hipótesis sobre esas crisis: tienden a aumentar o disminuir los niveles de democracia o autocracia de los regímenes o a cambiarlos; la respuesta autocratizante depende de una relación de fuerzas proempresarial que subordina a los trabajadores; y el compromiso democrático de los actores opera contra la autocratización. La contribución a la literatura se relaciona con el modo de abordar los procesos de autocratización y democratización aquí investigados por los impactos de las crisis económicas internacionales en los Estados. Las coyunturas críticas vislumbran componentes clave de la mutabilidad del Leviatán. Se investiga el régimen político a partir de la economía política de las relaciones entre Estado, mercados y clases sociales, y no exclusivamente por las variables político-institucionales. Se analizan mecanismos de intersección de la esfera y de los actores político-institucionales con las estructuras y actores económicos y sociales, que, impactando en la tridimensionalidad del Estado, implican cambios de régimen o en el régimen. comparativo Unidos Brasil 2019 enfocándose principalmente 2008 autoritarias actuales tridimensional coaliciones continuidades Así cambiarlos trabajadores Leviatán sociales políticoinstitucionales. políticoinstitucionales institucionales. institucionales 201 200 20 2

Abstract This article aims to investigate a unique path in the reception and translation of Antonio Gramsci’s ideas in Brazil. This work attempts to reconstruct Fernando Henrique Cardoso’s political thought during the Brazilian military dictatorship and democratic transition (1964-1988), focusing on his interpretation and use of Antonio Gramsci’s ideas to analyze state formation, social classes and politics in Brazil. The paper argues that the Gramscian concepts are central to Cardoso’s political thought in three phases of Gramscian refraction: (i) between 1964 and 1974, in the thesis of the Brazilian bourgeoisie’s dependent hegemony; (ii) between 1974 and 1983, in the argument of the Brazilian state as the “Modern Prince” as a concept for the analysis of the agrarian-industrial-military coalition in the post-1964 period; and (iii) from 1983 to 1988, in the definition of the Brazilian economic and military elites’ behavior as a authoritarian-scletortic transformism in the face of the pressures for the democratization of the political regime. Cardoso’s uses of Gramscian concepts are creative at all these moments. That is, the Brazilian thinker draws on Gramscian concepts to create his own lexicon to employ in the analysis of Brazilian politics. The article therefore explores not only the reception, but also the translation of Gramsci’s ideas in Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Gramscis Gramsci s Brazil Cardosos Cardoso 19641988, 19641988 1988 , (1964-1988) formation refraction i (i 196 bourgeoisies bourgeoisie hegemony ii (ii 197 Modern Prince agrarianindustrialmilitary agrarian industrial post1964 post post-196 period iii (iii 198 elites authoritarianscletortic authoritarian scletortic regime moments is 1964198 (1964-1988 19 post196 post-19 196419 (1964-198 1 post19 post-1 19641 (1964-19 post1 post- (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Résumé L’article vise à étudier un parcours unique de réception et de traduction des idées d’Antonio Gramsci au Brésil. Ce travail vise à reconstruire la pensée politique de Fernando Henrique Cardoso pendant la dictature militaire et la transition démocratique brésilienne (1964-1988), en prenant comme fil conducteur l’interprétation et l’utilisation par l’auteur des idées d’Antonio Gramsci au fil du temps pour analyser la formation de l’État, des classes sociales et de la politique au Brésil. Le texte développe l’hypothèse de la centralité des concepts gramsciens dans la pensée de Cardoso en trois phases de réfraction gramscienne : (i) entre 1964 et 1974, dans la thèse de l’hégémonie dépendante de la bourgeoisie au Brésil, (ii) entre 1974 et 1983, dans la défense de l’État brésilien en tant que « Prince modern » comme catégorie d’analyse de la coalition agraire-industrielle-militaire dans la période post-1964, et (iii) de 1983 à 1988, dans la formulation du transformisme autoritaire-éclairées comme comportement des élites économiques et militaires brésiliennes face à la pression pour la démocratisation du régime. L’utilisation par Cardoso des concepts gramsciens est créative à tous ces moments. En d’autres termes, le penseur brésilien s’inspire des concepts gramsciens pour créer son propre lexique d’analyse de la politique brésilienne. L’article explore donc non seulement la réception, mais aussi la traduction des idées de Gramsci chez Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Larticle L article dAntonio d Antonio Brésil 19641988, 19641988 1988 , (1964-1988) linterprétation l interprétation lutilisation utilisation lauteur auteur lÉtat, lÉtat État, État lhypothèse hypothèse i (i 196 lhégémonie hégémonie ii (ii 197 danalyse analyse agraireindustriellemilitaire agraire industrielle post1964, post1964 post 1964, post-1964 iii (iii 198 autoritaireéclairées autoritaire éclairées régime Lutilisation moments dautres autres termes sinspire s inspire 1964198 (1964-1988 19 post196 post-196 196419 (1964-198 1 post19 post-19 19641 (1964-19 post1 post-1 (1964-1 post- (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo investigar um percurso singular de recepção e tradução das ideias de Antonio Gramsci no Brasil. Este trabalho visa reconstruir o pensamento político de Fernando Henrique Cardoso durante a ditadura militar e a transição democrática brasileira (1964-1988) tomando como fio condutor a interpretação e uso que esse autor faz das ideias de Antonio Gramsci ao longo do tempo para a análise da formação do Estado, das classes sociais e da política no Brasil. O texto desenvolve a hipótese da centralidade dos conceitos gramscianos no pensamento de Cardoso em três fases de refração gramsciana: i) entre 1964 e 1974, na tese da hegemonia dependente da burguesia no Brasil, ii) entre 1974 e 1983, na defesa do Estado brasileiro como “Príncipe Moderno” enquanto categoria para análise da coalizão agrário-industrial-militar no pós-1964, e iii) de 1983 a 1988, na formulação do transformismo autoritário-esclarecido como comportamento das elites econômicas e militares brasileiras diante da pressão pela democratização do regime. Os usos dos conceitos gramscianos em Cardoso são criativos em todos esses momentos. Isto é, o pensador brasileiro se inspira nos conceitos gramscianos para criar seu próprio léxico a ser utilizado na análise da política brasileira. O artigo explora, portanto, não apenas a recepção, mas também a tradução das ideias de Gramsci em Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Brasil 19641988 1988 (1964-1988 gramsciana i 196 ii 197 Príncipe Moderno agrárioindustrialmilitar agrário industrial pós1964, pós1964 pós 1964, pós-1964 iii 198 autoritárioesclarecido autoritário esclarecido regime momentos é explora portanto 1964198 (1964-198 19 pós196 pós-196 196419 (1964-19 1 pós19 pós-19 19641 (1964-1 pós1 pós-1 (1964- pós- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Resumen El artículo pretende investigar una trayectoria singular de recepción y traducción de las ideas de Antonio Gramsci en Brasil. Este artículo pretende reconstruir el pensamiento político de Fernando Henrique Cardoso durante la dictadura militar y la transición democrática brasileña (1964-1988), tomando como hilo conductor la interpretación y el uso que el autor hizo de las ideas de Antonio Gramsci a lo largo del tiempo para analizar la formación del Estado, las clases sociales y la política en Brasil. El texto desarrolla la hipótesis de la centralidad de los conceptos gramscianos en el pensamiento de Cardoso en tres fases de refracción gramsciana: (i) entre 1964 y 1974, en la tesis de la hegemonía dependiente de la burguesía en Brasil, (ii) entre 1974 y 1983, en la defensa del Estado brasileño como “Príncipe Moderno” como categoría de análisis de la coalición agrario-industrial-militar en el período posterior a 1964, y (iii) entre 1983 y 1988, en la formulación del transformismo autoritario-esclarecido como comportamiento de las élites económicas y militares brasileñas frente a la presión por la democratización del régimen. El uso que Cardoso hace de los conceptos gramscianos es creativo en todos estos momentos. En otras palabras, el pensador brasileño se inspira en los conceptos gramscianos para crear su propio léxico de análisis de la política brasileña. El artículo explora, por tanto, no sólo la recepción, sino también la traducción de las ideas de Gramsci en Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Brasil 19641988, 19641988 1988 , (1964-1988) gramsciana i (i 196 ii (ii 197 Príncipe Moderno agrarioindustrialmilitar agrario industrial iii (iii 198 autoritarioesclarecido autoritario esclarecido régimen momentos palabras explora tanto 1964198 (1964-1988 19 196419 (1964-198 1 19641 (1964-19 (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Abstract The end of World War II marks a set of major transformations in Brazilian social thought. Racial and eugenic theories rapidly lose ground to interpretations of cultural and economic nature. This article examines part of these transformations through the perspectives on Japanese immigration to Brazil by two intellectuals with important parliamentary roles: the psychiatrist-eugenicist Pacheco e Silva and the sociologist Gilberto Freyre. Japanese immigration was the subject of intense debate in the 1930s and 1940s, even prompting restrictive or prohibitive amendments in the 1934 and 1946 constitutions. This study analyzes the parliamentary activities of both intellectuals over this period and demonstrates the influence of their respective social thoughts on their political endeavors. This article also examines the transformations that took place in the 1950s, including shifts in Pacheco e Silva’s thinking, a greater influence of Freyre’s ideas, and a reconfiguration of the role of Japanese immigration in parliamentary discourse. thought nature roles psychiatristeugenicist psychiatrist eugenicist Freyre s 1940s 193 194 constitutions endeavors 1950s Silvas thinking Freyres ideas discourse 19 1

Résumé La fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale marque un ensemble de grandes transformations dans la pensée sociale brésilienne. Les théories raciales et eugéniques perdent rapidement leur force face aux interprétations d’ordre culturel et économique. Dans ce travail, une partie de ces transformations est racontée à partir des interprétations sur l’immigration japonaise au Brésil de deux intellectuels ayant une influence marquante au Parlement : le psychiatre-eugéniste Pacheco e Silva et le sociologue Gilberto Freyre. L’immigration japonaise a été au centre d’un débat intense dans les années 1930 et 1940, suscitant même des amendements restrictifs ou prohibitifs dans les Constitutions de 1934 et 1946. Cette étude analyse l’activité parlementaire des deux intellectuels pendant cette période, observe les influences de leurs pensées sociales sur leur activité politique, examine également les transformations qui ont lieu dans les années 1950, avec des changements dans la pensée de Pacheco e Silva, une plus grande influence de la pensée de Freyre et une redéfinition de la place de l’immigration japonaise dans le débat parlementaire. brésilienne dordre d ordre économique travail limmigration l immigration psychiatreeugéniste psychiatre eugéniste Limmigration L dun 193 1940 1946 lactivité période politique 1950 19 194 195 1

Resumo O final da Segunda Guerra Mundial marca um conjunto de grandes transformações no pensamento social brasileiro. As teorias raciais e eugênicas vão perdendo rapidamente força frente às interpretações de cunho cultural e econômico. Neste trabalho, conta-se parte dessas transformações a partir das interpretações sobre a imigração japonesa no Brasil em dois intelectuais de marcante atuação parlamentar: o psiquiatra-eugenista Pacheco e Silva e o sociólogo Gilberto Freyre. A imigração japonesa foi foco de intenso debate nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, merecendo até mesmo emendas restritivas ou proibitivas nas Constituintes de 1934 e 1946. Este estudo analisa a atuação parlamentar dos dois intelectuais nesse período, observando as influências de seus pensamentos sociais em sua atividade política. O artigo examina, ainda, as transformações que ocorrem na década de 1950, com mudanças no pensamento de Pacheco e Silva, maior influência do pensamento de Freyre e um redesenho do lugar da imigração japonesa no debate parlamentar. brasileiro econômico trabalho contase conta se psiquiatraeugenista psiquiatra eugenista 193 1940 1946 período política examina ainda 1950 19 194 195 1

Resumen El final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial marcó un conjunto de grandes transformaciones en el pensamiento social brasilero. Las teorías raciales y eugenésicas van perdiendo fuerza rápidamente frente a las interpretaciones de cuño cultural y económico. En este trabajo, se da cuenta de parte de esas transformaciones a partir de las interpretaciones sobre la inmigración japonesa en Brasil de dos intelectuales con un importante desempeño parlamentario: el psiquiatra-eugenista Pacheco e Silva y el sociólogo Gilberto Freyre. La inmigración japonesa fue foco de intenso debate en las décadas de 1930 y 1940, e incluso fue merecedora de enmiendas restrictivas o prohibitivas en las Constituyentes de 1934 y 1946. Este estudio, analiza la acción parlamentaria de los dos intelectuales en ese periodo, observando las influencias de sus pensamientos sociales en su actividad política y examinando, también, las transformaciones que ocurrieron en la década de 1950, con cambios en el pensamiento de Pacheco e Silva, principal influencia del pensamiento de Freyre, y el rediseño del lugar dado a la inmigración japonesa en el debate parlamentario. brasilero económico trabajo parlamentario psiquiatraeugenista psiquiatra eugenista Freyre 193 1940 1946 estudio periodo examinando también 1950 19 194 195 1

Abstract This comment criticizes the reproduction of the mistaken belief that mainstream economics is equal to neoclassical economics and that the latter, in turn, is equal to (neo)liberal economics. The rejection of those equalities turns the relations among mainstream, orthodox and heterodox economics more difficult. The comment also claims that the Brazilian case is different from the American one, since several economic ideas marginalized in the United States have both prestige and influence in the Brazilian academy, which makes the concept of mainstream economics itself more ambiguous. All that implies many divergences regarding the recent article by Francisco Marques (2024). Other differences are pointed out regarding the use of math, statistics and econometry, as well as interdisciplinarity. The result is a more complex view of the economics academy in the United States and mainly in Brazil. The comment also identifies and corrects the main distortions in the translation that Marques made of a relatively long excerpt of Dequech (2018). latter turn neoliberal neo liberal difficult one ambiguous 2024. 2024 . (2024) math econometry interdisciplinarity Brazil 2018. 2018 (2018) 202 (2024 201 (2018 20 (202 (201 2 (20 (2 (

Résumé Ce commentaire critique la reproduction de la croyance erronée selon laquelle l’économie mainstream est identique à l’économie néoclassique et celle-ci, à son tour, est identique à l’économie (néo)libérale. Le rejet de ces égalités complique les relations entre l’économie mainstream, orthodoxe et hétérodoxe. Le commentaire soutient également que le cas du Brésil diffère de celui des États-Unis, car plusieurs idées économiques marginalisées aux États-Unis jouissent de prestige et d’influence dans le milieu académique brésilien, ce qui rend le concept même d’économie mainstream plus ambigu. Tout cela implique plusieurs divergences par rapport à l’article récent de Francisco Marques (2024). D’autres différences sont soulignées en ce qui concerne l’utilisation des mathématiques, de la statistique et de l’économétrie, ainsi que l’interdisciplinarité. Le résultat est une vision plus complexe de l’académie économique aux États-Unis et surtout au Brésil. Le commentaire identifie également et corrige les principales distorsions dans la traduction que Marques fait d’un passage relativement long de Dequech (2018). léconomie l économie celleci, celleci celle ci, ci celle-ci tour néolibérale. néolibérale néo libérale. libérale (néo)libérale hétérodoxe ÉtatsUnis, ÉtatsUnis États Unis, Unis dinfluence d influence brésilien déconomie ambigu larticle article 2024. 2024 . (2024) Dautres D autres lutilisation utilisation mathématiques léconométrie, léconométrie économétrie, économétrie l’économétrie linterdisciplinarité. linterdisciplinarité interdisciplinarité. interdisciplinarité l’interdisciplinarité lacadémie académie dun un 2018. 2018 (2018) 202 (2024 201 (2018 20 (202 (201 2 (20 (2 (

Resumo Este comentário critica a reprodução da crença equivocada de que a economia mainstream é igual à economia neoclássica e de que esta, por sua vez, é igual à economia (neo)liberal. A rejeição dessas igualdades complica as relações entre economia mainstream, ortodoxa e heterodoxa. O comentário argumenta também que o caso do Brasil é diferente do americano, pois várias ideias econômicas que são marginalizadas nos Estados Unidos têm prestígio e influência na academia brasileira, o que torna o próprio conceito de economia mainstream mais ambíguo. Tudo isso implica várias divergências em relação ao artigo recente de Francisco Marques (2024). Outras diferenças são apontadas no que se refere ao uso de matemática, estatística e econometria e à interdisciplinaridade. O resultado é uma visão mais complexa da academia de economia nos Estados Unidos e sobretudo no Brasil. O comentário também identifica e corrige as principais distorções na tradução que Marques faz de um trecho relativamente longo de Dequech (2018). esta vez neoliberal. neoliberal neo liberal. liberal (neo)liberal heterodoxa americano brasileira ambíguo 2024. 2024 . (2024) matemática interdisciplinaridade 2018. 2018 (2018) 202 (2024 201 (2018 20 (202 (201 2 (20 (2 (

Resumen Este comentario critica la reproducción de la creencia errónea de que la economía mainstream es igual a la economía neoclásica y que la economía neoclásica es igual a la economía (neo)liberal. El rechazo de estas igualdades complica las relaciones entre la economía mainstream, ortodoxa y heterodoxa. El comentario también argumenta que el caso de Brasil es diferente al de EE.UU., ya que varias ideas económicas marginadas en EE.UU. tienen prestigio e influencia en el mundo académico brasileño, lo que hace que el propio concepto de economía mainstream sea más ambiguo. Todo ello implica varias divergencias con respecto al reciente artículo de Francisco Marques (2024). Otras diferencias son señaladas acerca del uso de las matemáticas, la estadística y la econometría, así como de la interdisciplinaridad. El resultado es una visión más compleja del mundo académico económico en Estados Unidos y, sobre todo, en Brasil. El comentario también identifica y corrige las principales distorsiones en la traducción de Marques de un extracto relativamente largo de Dequech (2018). neoliberal. neoliberal neo liberal. liberal (neo)liberal heterodoxa EEUU EE UU EE.UU brasileño ambiguo 2024. 2024 . (2024) matemáticas econometría interdisciplinaridad todo 2018. 2018 (2018) 202 (2024 201 (2018 20 (202 (201 2 (20 (2 (

Abstract This article takes a cross-disciplinary approach to numbers and maps to demonstrate the performative power that emerges from their technopolitical intersections, such as the concept of population density and regional delineation of territory. Applied to the Brazilian context, this combined analysis sheds light on aspects related to the construction of State authority and its power to create categories of people and places. To do so, this paper examines trends that bring statistics and cartography together in the Brazilian Empire, indicating a common status for maps and numbers as descriptive instruments of sovereign power, including their modes of use and conditions for producing and validating truth. Subsequently, it addresses the factors leading to the growing importance of numbers and maps for collective action and the production of shared identities. Drawing on references from the sociology of quantification, this paper focuses on the emergence of statistical cartography and the increasing regionalization of official data between the 1920s and 1940s – linked to a new way of defining Brazilian identity, organizing territory, and managing population. It concludes that quantifying is also visualizing demographic and economic quantities in a coherent and unitary spatiality, once stabilized by conventions of equivalence. crossdisciplinary cross disciplinary intersections territory context places so Empire truth Subsequently identities quantification s identity spatiality equivalence

Résumé Cet article a pour but de démontrer la pertinence de l´approche transversale des chiffres et des cartes afin de mettre en évidence le pouvoir performatif qui se dégage de leurs intersections tecnhopolitiques telles que le concept de densité de population et la régionalisation du territoire. Appliquée au Brésil, l´étude croisée met en lumière des aspects du processus de construction de l´État, de la centralisation de l´autorité politique et de la création de nouvelles catégories de personnes et d´espaces de gouvernement. Pour ce faire, les tendances qui ont rapproché la statistique et la cartographie au cours de l´Empire brésilien y sont annalysées, en comprenant leur rôle en tant qu´instruments descriptifs du pouvoir souverain. De même, l´article aborde les circonstances qui conduissent à l´importance croissante des chiffres et des cartes comme une référente commune pour l´action collective et la production d´identités sociales. Basé sur le cadre de la sociologie de la quantification, l´article s´intéresse à l´émergence de la cartographie statistique et la régionalisation croissante des données officielles entre les années 1920 et 1940, liée à une nouvelle façon de definir la «brésilité », d´ordonner le territoire et de gouverner la population. On conclut que quantifier, c´est aussi visualiser et imaginer des grandeurs démographiques et économiques dans une spatialité cohérente et unitaire une fois stabilisée par des conventions d´équivalence. lapproche l approche Brésil létude étude lÉtat État l´État lautorité autorité despaces d espaces gouvernement faire lEmpire Empire annalysées quinstruments qu instruments souverain même larticle limportance importance laction action didentités identités sociales quantification sintéresse s intéresse lémergence émergence 192 1940 brésilité » dordonner ordonner quantifier cest c est déquivalence équivalence d´équivalence 19 194 1

Resumo Este artigo realiza uma abordagem cruzada de números e mapas de modo a evidenciar o poder performativo que emerge de suas interseções tecnopolíticas, como o conceito de densidade populacional e o recorte regional do território. Aplicada ao caso brasileiro, a análise combinada ilumina aspectos relativos à construção da autoridade do Estado e seu poder de criar categorias de pessoas e lugares. Para tanto, examinamos as tendências que aproximam a estatística da cartografia no Brasil Império e que indicam um estatuto comum a mapas e números enquanto instrumentos descritivos do poder soberano, como suas modalidades de uso, e suas condições de produção e validação da verdade. Na sequência, abordamos os fatores que levam à crescente importância dos números e dos mapas para a ação coletiva e para a produção de identidades compartilhadas. Com base nas referências da sociologia da quantificação, enfocamos a emergência da cartografia estatística e a crescente regionalização dos dados oficiais, entre as décadas de 1920 e 1940, ligadas a um novo modo de definir a brasilidade, ordenar o território e gerir a população. Concluímos que quantificar é também visualizar quantidades demográficas e econômicas em uma espacialidade coerente e unitária, uma vez estabilizada por convenções de equivalência. tecnopolíticas brasileiro lugares tanto soberano uso verdade sequência compartilhadas quantificação oficiais 192 1940 brasilidade população unitária equivalência 19 194 1

Resumen Este artículo realiza un abordaje cruzado de números y mapas con el fin de evidenciar el poder performativo que emerge de sus intersecciones tecnopolíticas, como el concepto de densidad poblacional y el recorte regional del territorio. Aplicado al caso brasilero, el análisis combinado ilustra aspectos relativos a la construcción de la autoridad del Estado y su poder de crear categorías de personas y lugares. Para ese propósito, examinamos las tendencias que aproximan la estadística de la cartografía en Brasil Imperio y que indican un estatuto común a mapas y números como instrumentos descriptivos del poder soberano, sus modalidades de uso y sus condiciones de producción y validación de la verdad. Luego, abordamos los factores que conducen a la creciente importancia de los números y de los mapas para la acción colectiva y para la producción de identidades compartidas. Con base en las referencias de la sociología de la cuantificación, nos enfocamos en la emergencia de la cartografía estadística y en la creciente regionalización de los datos oficiales entre las décadas de 1920 y 1940, vinculadas a un nuevo modo de definir la “brasilidad”, ordenar el territorio y administrar la población. Concluimos que cuantificar es también visualizar cantidades demográficas y económicas en una espacialidad coherente y unitaria, una vez estabilizada por convenciones de equivalencia. tecnopolíticas brasilero lugares propósito soberano verdad Luego compartidas cuantificación 192 1940 brasilidad, brasilidad , “brasilidad” población unitaria equivalencia 19 194 “brasilidad 1

The recycle and utilization of expired drugs is a challenge for many countries at present. The employment of expired drugs as green corrosion inhibitors is expected to address both drug recycling and corrosion prevention issues, with significant economic and environmental value. Herein, the individually and combination corrosion inhibition performance of expired amoxicillin (AMC) and penicillin V potassium tablets (PVP) for lowcarbon steel in 20% acetic acid solution containing 600 mg L-1 chloride ion are evaluated by electrochemistry and weight loss method. Both the AMC and PVP present the mixed-type corrosion inhibitors mainly affect the cathode process when used individually. The optimum inhibition efficiency is 61.22% (AMC) and 79.21% (PVP), which all appear in 5.0 × 10-3 mol L-1. The AMC and PVP are adsorbed on the steel surface by mixed physisorption and chemisorption, which are consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The corrosion inhibition rate drops sharply when AMC and PVP are combined use with a close mole ratio. But a small amount of PVP significantly enhance the corrosion inhibition effect of AMC, the corrosion inhibition rate from 61.22 to 79.72%. The corrosion inhibition rate of AMC and PVP combination inhibitor decreased with the increase of temperature. issues value Herein (AMC (PVP 20 60 L1 L 1 L- method mixedtype type 6122 61 22 7921 79 21 79.21 PVP, , 50 5 0 5. 103 10 3 10- L1. 1. chemisorption isotherm ratio 61.2 7972 72 79.72% temperature 2 6 612 792 7 79.2 61. 797 79.72 79. 79.7

ABSTRACT Moringa oleifera Lam. is an arboreal forest species of great economic potential, adapted to the climatic conditions of the Brazilian semi-arid region, whose multiplication is mainly by seeds. Rapid viability and vigor tests help in the choice of lots. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of the pH of exudate and primary root protrusion tests in the evaluation of viability and vigor, respectively. Two seed lots were initially evaluated for moisture content, germination, first count, germination speed index, seedling length, seedling dry mass and electrical conductivity. For the pH of exudate test, phenolphthalein (1%) and sodium carbonate (2 and 4 g L-1) solutions were prepared, with three soaking periods (1, 3 and 5 h) and three temperatures (25, 30 and 35 °C). Exudate solution in strong to light pink color indicated viable seeds, whereas very light pink color to colorless indicated non-viable seeds. The primary root protrusion test was performed under 25, 30 and 35 °C, evaluating the primary root protrusion of at least 2 mm, every 12 h until 196 h. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates. pH of exudate test with 1 h of soaking at 25 or 30 °C with 2 g L-1 sodium carbonate solution was promising, but further studies are needed before it is indicated as routine use for the species. Primary root protrusion test is efficient and can be conducted at 35 °C with evaluation after 48 h. Lam potential semiarid semi arid region seeds Thus respectively content count index length conductivity 1% (1% ( L1 L prepared 1, (1 (25 °C. C . °C) nonviable non mm 19 randomized replicates L- promising

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors in adolescents. Methods: A representative sample of 1020 adolescents participated in the study. The variables such as bullying, health risk behaviors (tobacco, drugs, alcohol, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, level of physical activity, and sleep), and economic status were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using binary logistic regression and ordinal, gross, and adjusted logistic regression (p<0.05). Results: Victims of bullying were more likely to smoke (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.28–2.40), consume alcohol (OR1.43; 95%CI 1.05–1.94), have worse sleep quality (OR 1.94; 95%CI 1.28–2.91), and more sedentary behavior (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.08–1.89) than those who were not bullied. However, victims were more likely to have high levels of physical activity than their non-bullied peers (OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.22–2.27). Conclusions: Bullying victimization was associated with an increased predisposition for the adoption of health risk behaviors. Interestingly, victims were also more prone to participate in physical activity. Objective Methods 102 tobacco, tobacco (tobacco drugs use sleep, , sleep) selfreported self reported questionnaires 95 95CI CI (95%CI ordinal gross p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05) Results OR 1.75 175 1 75 1.28–2.40, 128240 1.28–2.40 28 2 40 1.28–2.40) OR1.43 OR143 OR1 43 (OR1.43 1.05–1.94, 105194 1.05–1.94 94 1.05–1.94) 1.94 194 1.28–2.91, 128291 1.28–2.91 91 1.28–2.91) 1.43 143 1.08–1.89 108189 08 89 bullied However nonbullied non 1.66 166 66 1.22–2.27. 122227 1.22–2.27 22 27 1.22–2.27) Conclusions Interestingly 10 9 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 1.7 17 7 12824 1.28–2.4 4 OR1.4 OR14 (OR1.4 10519 1.05–1.9 1.9 19 12829 1.28–2.9 1.4 14 1.08–1.8 10818 8 1.6 16 6 12222 1.22–2.2 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 1. 1282 1.28–2. OR1. (OR1. 1051 1.05–1. 1.08–1. 1081 1222 1.22–2. p<0 (p<0. 128 1.28–2 (OR1 105 1.05–1 1.08–1 108 122 1.22–2 p< (p<0 12 1.28– 1.05– 1.08– 1.22– (p< 1.28 1.05 1.08 1.22 (p 1.2 1.0

RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar a associação entre vitimização por bullying e comportamentos de risco à saúde em adolescentes. Métodos: Uma amostra representativa de 1.020 adolescentes participou do estudo. As variáveis bullying, comportamentos de risco à saúde (tabaco, drogas, álcool, comportamento sedentário, uso de smartphone, nível de atividade física, sono) e situação econômica foram avaliadas por meio de questionários autorreportados. Razões de chance com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram obtidas por meio de regressão logística binária e regressão logística ordinal, bruta e ajustada (p<0,05). Resultados: As vítimas de bullying apresentaram maior probabilidade de fumar (OR 1,75; IC95% 1,28–2,40), consumir álcool (OR 1,43; IC95% 1,05–1,94), ter pior qualidade de sono (OR 1,94; IC95% 1,28–2,91) e apresentar mais comportamento sedentário (OR 1,43; IC95% 1,08–1,89) do que aqueles que não sofreram bullying. No entanto, as vítimas eram mais propensas a ter níveis elevados de atividade física do que os seus pares não vítimas de bullying (OR 1,66; IC95% 1,22–2,27). Conclusões: A vitimização por bullying esteve associada ao aumento da predisposição para a adoção de comportamentos de risco à saúde. Curiosamente, as vítimas também eram mais propensas a participar de atividades físicas. Objetivo Métodos 1020 1 020 1.02 estudo tabaco, tabaco (tabaco drogas smartphone autorreportados 95 IC95 IC (IC95% ordinal p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . 0 05 (p<0,05) Resultados OR 1,75 175 75 1,28–2,40, 128240 1,28–2,40 , 28 2 40 1,28–2,40) 1,43 143 43 1,05–1,94, 105194 1,05–1,94 94 1,05–1,94) 1,94 194 1,28–2,91 128291 91 1,08–1,89 108189 08 89 entanto 1,66 166 66 1,22–2,27. 122227 1,22–2,27 22 27 1,22–2,27) Conclusões Curiosamente físicas 102 02 1.0 9 IC9 (IC95 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 1,7 17 7 12824 1,28–2,4 4 1,4 14 10519 1,05–1,9 1,9 19 1,28–2,9 12829 1,08–1,8 10818 8 1,6 16 6 12222 1,22–2,2 10 1. (IC9 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 1, 1282 1,28–2, 1051 1,05–1, 1,08–1, 1081 1222 1,22–2, (IC p<0 (p<0, 128 1,28–2 105 1,05–1 1,08–1 108 122 1,22–2 p< (p<0 12 1,28– 1,05– 1,08– 1,22– (p< 1,28 1,05 1,08 1,22 (p 1,2 1,0

This paper elucidates the inseparable connection between the pursuit of a more ecologically sustainable society and the quest for socioeconomic justice. It also demonstrates why Unconditional Basic Income (UBI) is an effective policy to act on both fronts. First, the corresponding theory on environmental and socioeconomic oppression sheds light on the argument that both types of domination stem from the same historical process and are inherently interconnected. Addressing one without considering the other is essentially flawed; they are both features and consequences of present society. Acknowledging the historical debt owed to vulnerable economic classes and developing countries is imperative. Green republicanism could potentially establish a theoretical foundation for social-ecological thinking. Defining freedom as non-domination and applying this concept to nature are essential prerequisites for overcoming socioeconomic and environmental oppression. UBI is presented and discussed theoretically as a strong solution to address these two challenges. It serves not only as a means to facilitate the transition to a post-productivist society, transforming labor relations, but also as a catalyst for the development of circular economies and more sustainable occupations. Additionally, the basic income policy implemented in the city of Maricá, Brazil, is cited as empirical evidence showcasing the environmental and socioeconomic values of UBI. justice (UBI fronts First interconnected flawed imperative socialecological social ecological thinking nondomination non challenges postproductivist post productivist relations occupations Additionally Maricá Brazil

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a profound impact on global health and socio-economic conditions. To date, various vaccines have been administered worldwide in an effort to curb the spread of the virus. Despite vaccination efforts, there have been complications. Existing antiviral drugs have shown limited effectiveness, prompting the use of computational methods to understand the dynamics of the virus and develop suitable treatments. The current study focuses on using biocompatible para-sulfonato-calix[4]arenes to dock against two key proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase, and helicase. Docking results indicate a strong binding affinity of these compounds to the target proteins, with higher scores compared to commonly used medications. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation validates the docking results, showing stable protein-ligand complexes over time. The compounds are also screened for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties and toxicity, suggesting their potential as lead candidates for inhibiting the virus’s key proteins. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies are recommended to confirm these findings. COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 pandemic SARSCoV2, SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV , (SARS-CoV-2) socioeconomic socio economic conditions date efforts complications effectiveness treatments parasulfonatocalix4arenes parasulfonatocalixarenes para sulfonato calix 4 arenes 2, SARS-CoV-2 RNAdependent dependent polymerase helicase medications MD (MD proteinligand protein ligand time absorption distribution metabolism toxicity viruss s However findings COVID1 1 (COVID-1 (SARS-CoV-2 parasulfonatocalix SARS-CoV- (COVID- (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV (COVID (SARS-CoV

Abstract: This article presents the application of the Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) method, enhanced with specifically tuned parameters using the Taguchi method, for optimizing bridge and viaduct designs. Unlike conventional approaches, the optimization in this study encompasses the entire structure rather than focusing solely on the deck. This approach is illustrated through case studies on two viaducts located in Atalaia and Mandaguaçu along the BR-376 highway in Paraná, Brazil. In Atalaia, the optimized solutions achieved reductions in construction costs by 10.5% to 22.7%, CO2 emissions by 8.9% to 21.2%, and extended the design service life by 24.0% to 540.7%. Similarly, in Mandaguaçu, the optimizations resulted in cost reductions ranging from 9.1% to 23.2%, decreases in CO2 emissions from 12.7% to 23.5%, and increases in the design service life by up to 540.7%. The study also revealed consistent patterns between the degrees of freedom and objective functions; specifically, larger cross-sectional dimensions tended to lower costs, while smaller dimensions were associated with reduced CO2 emissions. These findings illustrate the real-world performance improvements afforded by the optimization process, which not only reduces the global cost per year of service compared to the original designs but also enhances economic and environmental performance, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of MOPSO in structural optimization for sustainable infrastructure development. Abstract (MOPSO method approaches deck BR376 BR 376 BR-37 Paraná Brazil 105 10 5 10.5 227 22 7 22.7% CO 89 8 9 8.9 212 21 2 21.2% 240 24 0 24.0 5407 540 540.7% Similarly 91 1 9.1 232 23 23.2% 127 12 12.7 235 23.5% functions crosssectional cross sectional realworld real world process development BR37 37 BR-3 10. 22.7 8. 21.2 24. 54 540.7 9. 23.2 12. 23.5 BR3 3 BR- 22. 21. 540. 23.

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta a aplicação do método de Otimização por Enxame de Partículas com Múltiplos Objetivos (Multiple Objective Particle Swarm Optimization, MOPSO), aprimorado com parâmetros especificamente ajustados pelo método de Taguchi, para a otimização de projetos de pontes e viadutos. Diferente das abordagens convencionais, a otimização neste estudo engloba toda a estrutura, em vez de se concentrar apenas no tabuleiro. Essa abordagem é ilustrada por meio de estudos de caso em dois viadutos localizados em Atalaia e Mandaguaçu ao longo da rodovia BR-376 no Paraná, Brasil. Em Atalaia, as soluções otimizadas alcançaram reduções nos custos de construção de 10,5% a 22,7%, emissões de CO2 de 8,9% a 21,2%, e estenderam a vida útil do projeto de 24,0% a 540,7%. De forma similar, em Mandaguaçu, as otimizações resultaram em reduções de custo de 9,1% a 23,2%, diminuição das emissões de CO2 de 12,7% a 23,5%, e aumentos na vida útil do projeto de até 540,7%. O estudo também revelou padrões consistentes entre os graus de liberdade e as funções objetivas; especificamente, dimensões transversais maiores tendiam a reduzir custos, enquanto dimensões menores estavam associadas a reduções nas emissões de CO2. Esses achados ilustram as melhorias de desempenho no mundo real proporcionadas pelo processo de otimização, que não apenas reduz o custo global por ano de serviço em comparação com os projetos originais, mas também aprimora o desempenho econômico e ambiental, demonstrando assim a eficácia do MOPSO na otimização estrutural para o desenvolvimento de infraestruturas mais sustentáveis. Resumo Multiple Optimization MOPSO, , MOPSO) Taguchi convencionais estrutura tabuleiro BR376 BR 376 BR-37 Paraná Brasil 105 10 5 10,5 227 22 7 22,7% CO 89 8 9 8,9 212 21 2 21,2% 240 24 0 24,0 5407 540 540,7% similar 91 1 9,1 232 23 23,2% 127 12 12,7 235 23,5% objetivas originais ambiental sustentáveis BR37 37 BR-3 10, 22,7 8, 21,2 24, 54 540,7 9, 23,2 12, 23,5 BR3 3 BR- 22, 21, 540, 23,

ABSTRACT Enhancing soil fertility in vegetable cultivation presents challenges, notably using green manure from spontaneous species in the Caatinga biome, such as roostertree (Calotropis procera [Ait.] R. Br.). This study aimed to evaluate and optimize the physical and economic efficiencies of monocropped arugula, as influenced by varying amounts of roostertree biomass. We employed a randomized block design with seven treatments and five replications. Treatments involved different quantities of C. procera biomass (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 t ha-1 on a dry basis), along with two additional treatments in each block: a control (no fertilization) and one with mineral fertilization. The "Cultivada" arugula cultivar was fertilized for maximum productive efficiency using 63.31 t ha-1 of C. procera dry biomass, yielding 8.45 t ha-1. The highest optimized agroeconomic efficiency, reflecting a net income of BRL 111,007.64 per hectare, was achieved with 59.26 t ha-1 of C. procera dry biomass. The return rate was BRL 4.65 for every real investment, with a profitability index of 77.38%. Thus, using C. procera biomass as green manure is a viable technology for arugula producers in semi -arid regions. challenges biome Calotropis Ait. Ait [Ait. R Br.. Br Br. . Br.) replications C 20, 20 (20 40 60 80 10 ha1 ha 1 ha- basis, basis , basis) no fertilization Cultivada "Cultivada 6331 63 31 63.3 845 8 45 8.4 ha1. 1. 11100764 111 007 64 111,007.6 hectare 5926 59 26 59.2 465 4 65 4.6 investment 7738 77 38 77.38% Thus arid regions [Ait 2 (2 6 633 3 63. 84 8. 1110076 11 00 111,007. 592 5 59. 46 4. 773 7 77.38 ( 111007 0 111,007 77.3 11100 111,00 77. 1110 111,0 111,

RESUMO O aumento da fertilidade do solo no cultivo de hortaliças apresenta desafios, notadamente usando adubo verde de espécies espontâneas do bioma Caatinga, como a flor-de-seda (Calotropis procera [Ait.] R. Br.). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e otimizar as eficiências física e econômica da rúcula em monocultivo, influenciadas por quantidades variáveis de biomassa de flor-de-seda. Um delineamento em blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos e cinco repetições foi utilizado. Os tratamentos consistiram de diferentes quantidades de biomassa de C. procera (20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 t ha-1 em base seca), juntamente com dois tratamentos adicionais em cada bloco: um controle (sem fertilização) e um com fertilização mineral. A cultivar de rúcula "Cultivada" foi adubada para máxima eficiência produtiva usando 63,31 t ha-1 de biomassa seca de C. procera, rendendo 8,45 t ha-1. A maior eficiência agroeconômica otimizada, refletindo uma renda líquida de R$ 111.007,64 por hectare, foi alcançada com 59,26 t ha-1 de biomassa seca de C. procera. A taxa de retorno foi de R$ 4,65 para cada real investido, com um índice de rentabilidade de 77,38%. Assim, utilizar biomassa de C. procera como adubo verde é uma tecnologia viável para produtores de rúcula em regiões semiáridas. desafios Caatinga flordeseda flor seda Calotropis Ait. Ait [Ait. R Br.. Br Br. . Br.) monocultivo flordeseda. seda. utilizado C 20, 20 (20 40 60 8 10 ha1 ha 1 ha- seca, , seca) bloco sem mineral Cultivada "Cultivada 6331 63 31 63,3 845 45 8,4 ha1. 1. otimizada 11100764 111 007 64 111.007,6 hectare 5926 59 26 59,2 465 4 65 4,6 investido 7738 77 38 77,38% Assim semiáridas [Ait 2 (2 6 633 3 63, 84 8, 1110076 11 00 111.007, 592 5 59, 46 4, 773 7 77,38 ( 111007 0 111.007 77,3 11100 111.00 77, 1110 111.0 111.