ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of using crushed Printed Circuit Board (PCB) (also known as E-waste aggregate) in concrete as a partial substitute for regular coarse aggregate (NCA). M25 grade concrete was utilized. After substituting 0%, 10%, and 15% of the natural coarse aggregates with E-waste aggregate, three combinations were still complete. Verified examples continue to focus on strength attributes, after which long-lasting characteristics such as aquatic concentration, thermal expansion, and abrasion encounter tests were carried out. Test results proved that when the replacement percentage of Electronic waste aggregate was higher significant reduction in strength properties was noticed. It is container remains credited to the reality that incorporation of E-waste aggregate slows down the hydration process that would lead to a significant loss in strength. However, it was observed that mix made with 10% and 15% E-waste aggregate shows better resistance against durability properties than control mix concrete. It was also observed that utmost care should be taken for maintaining proper workability and removal of toxic substances in E-waste aggregate for better forte and toughness properties. PCB (PCB Ewaste E NCA. NCA . (NCA) M M2 utilized 0 0% 10 15 complete attributes longlasting long lasting concentration expansion out noticed However (NCA 1

Recycling has experienced great interest over the past five years, primarily driven by its strategic economic significance and the growing scarcity of natural resources. One element that has garnered attention is indium (In), especially due to its presence in flat panel displays (FPDs), particularly in devices utilizing liquid crystal display (LCD). The goal of this research was to establish a method for extracting In from LCD. The study faced challenges related to In determination using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES), and furthermore, it proposed an optimized extraction method through design of experiments (DoE), focusing on extraction time and percentage of solid variables. Diverse sample types encompassing smartphones, monitors, and television screens were processed. Leaching was conducted utilizing a magnetic plate at 80 °C, employing a 1 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution along with 25% m v-1 of the sample. This proposed method achieved a near-complete extraction rate (100%) for In. Moreover, in-depth interviews were conducted with several stakeholders in urban mining and various sectors within Brazil. The insights gleaned from these interviews showed the absence of a consolidated market for recycling LCDs with a specific emphasis on In recovery. years resources In, , (In) FPDs, FPDs (FPDs) LCD . (LCD) ICP OES, OES OES) furthermore DoE, DoE (DoE) variables smartphones monitors processed 8 C °C L1 L L- HSO H SO H2SO 25 v1 v v- nearcomplete near complete 100% 100 (100% Moreover indepth depth Brazil recovery (In (FPDs (LCD (DoE 2 10 (100 (10 (1 (

ABSTRACT This extensive research project investigates the innovative use of electronic plastic waste, referred to as e-plastic, as an additional component in the production of concrete. This transition from an informal sector to a more structured and regulated system is vital not only for addressing the growing problem of E-waste but also for environmental preservation. To accomplish this goal, the study collected and employed waste E-plastic particles obtained from obsolete electronic devices. The research primarily concentrated on conducting a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical, durability properties and micro properties (XRD) of concrete specimens containing varying proportions of waste E-plastic, ranging from 4% to 24%. Additionally, the study introduced a modification by substituting a portion of the cement with fly ash, amounting to 10% of the total weight, with the aim of improving the overall characteristics and performance of the E-plastic-infused concrete. These experiments were carried out to gain a more holistic understanding of the concrete’s behavior, encompassing both its structural integrity and overall performance characteristics. This research significantly enhances the concrete’s workability, mechanical strength, and durability properties. eplastic, eplastic e plastic, e-plastic Ewaste E preservation goal Eplastic devices XRD (XRD Eplastic, 4 24 24% Additionally ash 10 weight Eplasticinfused infused concretes s behavior workability strength 2 1

Electronic waste (e-waste) contains toxic elements that, if not carefully disposed of, can harm the environment and human health. It is imperative that e-waste is handled in a correct, safe manner. The study engaged with two rural South African villages, Mantunzeleni and Mpeta in the Eastern Cape Province, to determine their current e-waste disposal practices and to co-design a cloud-based mobile application (app) for improved e-waste management. Twenty-six participants, 13 from each village, participated in the study. A focus group discussion with participants explored the communities' existing e-waste disposal behaviours, which were found to be harmful to the environment. Participants were then introduced to, and guided through, the co-design process, which resulted in development of a prototype cloud-based mobile app that would, if implemented, allow households to request the collection of e-waste items by the local municipality. The authors argue that, because of the co-design process, the app (if implemented by the municipality) will be well-suited to the needs of, and widely used by, the two target communities, who will feel a sense of ownership of the technological solution that they helped to create.

Resumen Las Placas de Circuitos Impresos Residuales (PCIR) tienen elementos valiosos. En los países en desarrollo, los PCIR se exportan para su tratamiento debido a la ausencia de unidades de reciclaje adecuadas, transfiriendo el alto valor agregado a los países desarrollados. Este estudio propuso un método para identificar las mejores ubicaciones para la implementación de plantas de reciclaje de PCIR considerando criterios de sostenibilidad. El método fue aplicado al caso brasileño y consistió en análisis por 11 indicadores relacionados con las tres dimensiones de sostenibilidad, criterios logísticos y geoprocesamiento. Los resultados sugirieron el estado de São Paulo (SP) como el principal centro de procesamiento de PCIR en Brasil, y São Caetano do Sul y Jundiaí como los principales municipios favorables al reciclaje de PCIR. Este estudio demostró que la logística sostenible para la recuperación de PCIR en los países en desarrollo es posible y deseable para lograr patrones más circulares. (PCIR valiosos adecuadas desarrollados sostenibilidad 1 geoprocesamiento SP (SP Brasil circulares

Abstract Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCB) are sources of valuable elements. In most developing countries, the WPCBs of formal chains are exported to treatment overseas given the absence of proper recycling plants, transferring the high-added value to developed nations. This study proposed a method to identify the best locations to implement WPCB recycling facilities considering sustainability criteria. The method was applied to the Brazilian case and consisted of state and municipal levels analysis based on 11 indicators related to the three sustainability dimensions, logistics criteria and geoprocessing tools. The results suggested São Paulo state (SP) as the main pole for WPCB processing in Brazil, with an estimated potential of WPCB generation of almost 24 t/d, and São Caetano do Sul and Jundiaí as the main favourable WPCB recycling municipalities. This study demonstrated that sustainable logistics for WPCB value recovery in developing countries is possible and desirable for achieving more circular patterns. (WPCB elements plants highadded high added nations 1 dimensions tools SP (SP Brazil 2 td t d t/d municipalities patterns

Resumo Placas de Circuito Impresso Residuais (PCIR) possuem elementos valiosos. Nos países em desenvolvimento, as PCIR são exportadas para tratamento pela ausência de recicladoras apropriadas, transferindo o alto valor agregado para os países desenvolvidos. Este estudo propôs um método para identificar os melhores locais para implantação de usinas de reciclagem de PCIR considerando critérios de sustentabilidade. O método foi aplicado ao Brasil e consistiu na análise estadual e municipal com base em 11 indicadores relacionados às dimensões da sustentabilidade, critérios logísticos e geoprocessamento. Os resultados sugeriram o estado de São Paulo (SP) como o principal polo de processamento de PCIR no Brasil, com geração estimada de quase 24 t/d, e São Caetano do Sul e Jundiaí como os principais municípios favoráveis à reciclagem de PCIR. Este estudo demonstrou que a logística sustentável para recuperação de valor das PCIR em países em desenvolvimento é possível e desejável para alcançar padrões mais circulares. (PCIR valiosos apropriadas desenvolvidos sustentabilidade 1 geoprocessamento SP (SP 2 td t d t/d circulares

PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) FOR CHEMICAL DATA EVALUATION AND HEAT MAPS PREPARATION: A TUTORIAL. This tutorial shows a step-by-step guide on handling big datasets using principal component analysis (PCA). A dataset of chemical elements’ concentration, emission spectrum, and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) of e-waste were used as examples. Five routines were proposed to apply data processing and PCA calculation focusing data from laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), EDXRF, and heat maps preparation. These routines can be used in various softwares such as MatLab, Octave, R, and Python. PCA was applied in three examples; the first was for concentrations, and the other two were for spectra. An example of heat maps assembling a hyperspectral image of a printed circuit was also described. In addition, a playlist was created on YouTube using the available examples. Therefore, with this tutorial, it may be possible to learn how to deal with a large volume of data by applying PCA. The authors hope to contribute to those researching in the area. (PCA PREPARATION TUTORIAL stepbystep step . elements concentration spectrum energydispersive energy dispersive Xray X ray EDXRF (EDXRF ewaste e waste examples laserinduced laser induced LIBS, LIBS , (LIBS) preparation MatLab Octave R Python concentrations spectra described addition Therefore area (LIBS

Abstract: This article will explain how planned and perceived obsolescence generates technological waste, better known as e-waste, which largely contributes to climate change. Likewise, it will be studied how the right to repair technology can contribute to the reduction and reuse of technology, significantly reducing e-waste. Evidence will also be shown of how the right to compensation is becoming an alternative to fight the consequences that emanate from e-waste. The efforts of companies and governments that seek to combat these effects are addressed, such as the reconditioned technology that derives from recycling centers, which also turn out to be a lucrative business. Arguments against the right to repair, such as intellectual property, difficulty of repair, and user safety, will also be explained. In this sense, the legal frameworks of the European Community and the United States of America are explored, which are contrasted with those of Mexico and Latin American countries. In this way, it is concluded that, although we are facing an unfavorable scenario, current efforts point inthe right direction.

Resumen: En el presente artículo se explicará cómo la obsolescencia programada y la percibida generan desperdicios tecnológicos, mejor conocidos como e-waste, que abonan en gran medida al cambio climático. De igual manera, se estudiará cómo es que el derecho a reparar tecnología puede contribuir con la reducción y reutilización de la tecnología, disminuyendo significativamente los e-waste. También se mostrará evidencia de cómo el derecho a la reparación se está convirtiendo en una alternativa para combatir las consecuencias que emanan de los desperdicios electrónicos. En ese sentido, se abordan los esfuerzos de empresas, organizaciones y gobiernos que buscan combatir dichos efectos, como lo es la tecnología reacondicionada que deriva de los centros de reciclaje, mismos que además resultan ser un negocio lucrativo en un mercado que comienza a crecer. También se explicarán los argumentos en contra del derecho a reparar, como lo son la seguridad de hardware, dificultad de reparación y la seguridad del usuario. Es así como se exploran los marcos legales de la Comunidad Europea y de Estados Unidos de América, los cuales contrastan con los de México y otros países latinoamericanos, o, mejor dicho, dejan en evidencia la escasez de leyes en estos países. De esta forma se concluye que, aunque estamos ante un escenario desfavorable, existen esfuerzos por parte de organizaciones, países, ciudades, comunidades e individuos que lograrán eventualmente eliminar la obsolescencia programada, combatir el sobreconsumo de recursos, modificar los modelos económicos insostenibles y revertir el cambio climático.

ABSTRACT Technological development has led to the mass production of electronic devices, which have a negative impact on human health and the environment. The disposal and replacement of devices generates a large amount of electronic waste, which contributes to the accumulation of technological waste around the world, which shows the importance of adopting measures and good practices in the management of such waste. This article presents reflections on the integral management of electronic waste, from an analytical-comparative perspective of several countries, with the purpose of making visible the tension between technological and economic development with environmental sustainability, knowing good practices adopted by Latin American countries that have implemented regulations to prevent negative impact. It is concluded that, to mitigate this damage, the participation of society is required, implement environmental education measures and the creation of specialized centers for the handling and disassembly of electronic waste.

RESUMEN El desarrollo tecnológico ha dado lugar a la producción masiva de dispositivos electrónicos, que provocan un impacto negativo en la salud humana y el medio ambiente. El desecho y reemplazo de dispositivos genera gran cantidad de basura electrónica, que contribuye a la acumulación de residuos tecnológicos alrededor del mundo, lo que evidencia la importancia de adoptar medidas y buenas prácticas en el manejo de dichos residuos. Este artículo presenta reflexiones sobre la gestión integral de basura electrónica, desde una perspectiva analítica-comparativa de varios países, con el propósito de hacer visible la tensión entre el desarrollo tecnológico y económico con la sostenibilidad ambiental, y conocer buenas prácticas adoptadas por países latinoamericanos que han implementado normativa para prevenir el impacto negativo. Se concluye que, para mitigar este daño, se requiere la participación de la sociedad, implementar medidas de educación ambiental, y la creación de centros especializados para el manejo y desmontaje de residuos electrónicos.

Waste pickers are widely acknowledged as an integral part of the formal and informal economy, diverting waste into the secondary resource economy through urban mining. Urban mining in itself is considered to be a source of livelihoods. We investigated the livelihoods of e-waste pickers through 110 surveys in Cape Town, South Africa. Waste pickers often indicated that they were engaged in the sector not by choice but by necessity, expressing that earning money is the only enjoyable aspect of their job. The results from the study substantiate that it is unlikely that waste pickers could survive on e-waste picking alone as 83.3% of reported incomes were below minimum wage, with 22.9% below the food poverty line. Thus, the majority of waste pickers collected a wide array of recyclables. We also found that the waste pickers in Cape Town engage in multiple e-waste related activities, including collection, dismantling and processing to a lesser extent. They work long hours in arduous working conditions which present multiple hazards for their health and safety. Ultimately, e-waste pickers' incomes cannot be considered commensurate with the nature of the work. Further, e-waste picking cannot be regarded to significantly contribute to livelihoods, but is rather a survivalist strategy. The survivalist nature of the work does not allow for waste pickers to move upwards in the waste value chain and benefit from greater income opportunities. Furthermore, their lack of skills prohibits waste pickers' transition to formal employment. With a lack of options, it is necessary to ensure that the waste sector provides opportunities for decent work to enable workers to lift themselves out of poverty. SIGNIFICANCE: • E-waste pickers participate in multiple activities across the e-waste value chain including collection, dismantling, processing, and repair and refurbishment. • E-waste pickers in Cape Town cannot make a living on e-waste alone, and supplement their income from collecting other recyclables. • E-waste pickers work long hours in difficult working conditions which pose a threat to their health and safety. • E-waste picking is a survivalist strategy.

Electronic waste (e-waste) recycling presents an opportunity to reclaim materials from a secondary resource and to create jobs and other economic opportunities. E-waste consists of various materials such as metals, plastics, glass, and other chemical substances. Some of these materials are hazardous if processed or disposed of improperly. Therefore, e-waste is classified as hazardous in South African law up until the hazardous components are removed. With the appropriate infrastructure and technology, a large portion of materials contained in e-waste can be reclaimed, and any adverse impacts of irresponsible management prevented. The private sector has played a proactive role in shaping the South African waste economy, and the government is taking strides to draw up enabling regulatory frameworks. Through a literature review and stakeholder engagements, this paper unpacks the organisation of the South African e-waste recycling industry. We consider whether the legal environment drives a common vision for a circular e-waste economy and probe the barriers to e-waste recycling across the value chain. The findings indicate that the development of the e-waste recycling sector in South Africa is dependent on a robust collection network and the enabling of local end-processing, refining, and manufacturing capacity. The availability and quality of input material and the development of local refining and manufacturing capacity are co-dependent and should be addressed simultaneously. SIGNIFICANCE: • E-waste recycling is an emerging industry in South Africa and the enablers and constraints for the development of this industry are still being explored. • The legislative environment with regard to e-waste recycling is evolving and needs to be continuously reviewed to assess its ability to enable/activate the development of the sector. • Local end-processing is currently limited to very small volumes of selected fractions of e-waste. The potential to activate upper levels of the e-waste value chain, such as end-processing, is important to the development of the sector.

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es revisar el contexto mundial, y especialmente el colombiano, respecto al manejo de los residuos de equipos eléctricos y electrónicos, su aprovechamiento, recuperación y los principales métodos para la extracción de metales base y preciosos de alto valor agregado. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para obtener las cantidades de residuos, sus componentes principales y los métodos de extracción de metales base y preciosos; para Colombia, se realizó un estudio de caso, en el que, mediante un proceso de hidrometalurgia aplicado a teléfonos celulares, se calcularon las cantidades de metales base y preciosos que se pueden obtener. Se encontró que solo se aprovecha el 15,5 % de los residuos electrónicos en el mundo, que los principales componentes reciclables son el hierro (Fe), el cobre (Cu), el aluminio (Al), el plomo (Pb), el níquel (Ni), la plata (Ag), el oro (Au) y el paladio (Pd), y que el uso de los residuos electrónicos como fuente de metales podría reducir el consumo de energía entre 60 % y 95 %. Para el estudio de caso en Colombia, se encontró que se podrían obtener 3,8 t/año de Cu, 3,5 t/año de Fe, 56,5 kg/año de Ag, 6 kg/año de Pd y 10 kg/año de Au. Se concluye que es viable la recuperación de metales a partir de residuos eléctricos y electrónicos y que se deben buscar alternativas para aprovecharlos debido a su potencial valor agregado.

Abstract This article aims to review the global context, and especially the Colombian context, regarding the management of waste electrical and electronic appliances, their use, recovery and the main extraction methods for high added-value base and precious metals. A literature review was carried out to obtain the quantities of residues, their main components and the extraction methods for base and precious metals; for Colombia, a case study was carried out in which, through a hydrometallurgy process applied to cellular phones, the quantities of base and precious metals that can be obtained were calculated. Only 15.5 % of e-waste in the world is recycled, the main recyclable components are iron (Fe), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), gold (Au) and palladium (Pd), and that using e-waste as a source of metals could reduce energy consumption by 60-95 %. For the case study in Colombia, it was found that 3.8 t/year of Cu, 3.5 t/year of Fe, 56.5 kg/year of Ag, 6 kg/year of Pd and 10 kg/year of Au could be obtained. The conclusion is that recovering metals from electrical and electronic waste is feasible and that alternatives should be sought to take advantage of them due to their potential added value.

Abstract: In this paper, we attempted to make an investigation to use E-waste as fractional substitution intended for coarse aggregate. The accumulation of electronic waste is a major concern in big metropolitan cities and certain tier 2 cities in which huge quantities of the order of several thousand tones is being dumped discharged and grows in an exponential haphazard manner. Bakelite waste is taken as E waste, which is heat resistant and also inert to chemical reactions obtained by crushing the outer casing of television sets. The grade of concrete which is adopted for the investigation is M25 designed by IS code method. Number of trial mixes were tried and the control mix was selected which had the compressive strength slightly more than the target strength. The coarse aggregate of the control mix was partially replace 5 to 20% by weight of coarse aggregate. After 3, 7 and 28 age curing of cube specimen, the compressive intensity was found. Similarly the 7 and 28 age tensile strength, young’s modulas, modulus of rupture be calculated by casting cylinders and prisms. The best possible quantity E-waste be added to retain the target mean strength was also determined. Through research it is bring into being that the volume of the e-waste accumulated can be reduced in a substantial manner by the above method in the field of construction and thereby protect the earth from the threatening environment.

Resumen: En este trabajo, intentamos hacer una investigación para utilizar los residuos electrónicos como sustitución fraccionada destinada a los áridos gruesos. La acumulación de residuos electrónicos es una de las principales preocupaciones en las grandes ciudades metropolitanas y en algunas ciudades de nivel 2. En estas se vierten enormes cantidades, del orden de varios miles de toneladas, que crecen de forma exponencial y desordenada. Los residuos de baquelita se toman como residuos E, que son resistentes al calor y también inertes a las reacciones químicas, obtenidos por la trituración de la carcasa exterior de los televisores. El grado de hormigón adoptado para la investigación es M25, diseñado según el método del código IS. Se probaron varias mezclas de ensayo y se seleccionó la mezcla decontrol, cuya resistencia a la compresión era ligeramente superior a la deseada. El agregado grueso de la mezcla de control se sustituyó parcialmente entre el 5 y el 20% en peso del agregado grueso. Después de 3, 7 y 28 años de curado de la muestra de cubo, se encontró la intensidad de la compresión. Asimismo, se calculó la resistencia a la tracción, el módulo de Young y el módulo de ruptura mediante la fundición de cilindros y prismas, a los 7 y 28 días de edad. También se determinó la mejor cantidad posible de residuos electrónicos para mantener la resistencia media deseada. A través de la investigación, se ha descubierto que el volumen de los residuos electrónicos acumulados puede reducirse de forma sustancial mediante el método anterior en el ámbito de la construcción y, por tanto, proteger la tierra de la amenaza del medio ambiente.

Electronic waste, also known as e-waste, is the fastest growing waste stream in South Africa, and poses a serious environmental risk if mismanaged. Through appropriate recycling processes and the recovery of raw materials such as gold and copper, e-waste creates substantial financial opportunities while conserving the environment and reducing the impact of climate change. To take advantage of this source of economic growth in South Africa, the collection of e-waste needs to be improved. This investigation explores consumer perceptions about and behaviours of e-waste recycling through a household consumer survey that was conducted with participants in the Gauteng area of South Africa. It was found that there is a general lack of consumer awareness about e-waste recycling and limited pro-recycling behaviours, both influenced by underdeveloped collection mechanisms and infrastructure. Opportunities for improving household recycling are explored by considering international collection schemes, and recommendations are made considering current local challenges.

Elektroniese rommel is die bron van rommel wat die vinnigste in Suid-Afrika toeneem. Dit hou 'n ernstige omgewingsrisiko in indien dit wanbestuur word. Deur gepaste herwinningsprosesse en die verhaling van roumateriale, soos goud en koper, bied e-rommel noemenswaardige finansiële geleenthede terwyl dit die omgewing bewaar en die impak van klimaatsverandering verminder. Suid-Afrika kan voordeel trek uit hierdie bron vir potensiële ekonomiese groei deur die insameling van e-rommel te verbeter. Verbruiker persepsies oor en gedrag jeens e-rommel herwinning word ondersoek aan die hand van 'n huishoudelike verbruikergerigte meningspeiling wat onder deelnemers in Gauteng geloods is. Daar is gevind dat n algemene tekort aan verbruikerbewustheid oor e-rommel heers met beperkte pro-herwinning gebruike. Beide hierdie aspekte word deur onderontwikkelde insamelingsmeganismes en infrastruktuur beïnvloed. Geleenthede vir die verbetering van huishoudelikeherwinning is ondersoek deur internasionale insamelingskemas te oorweeg en aanbevelings onderhewig aan plaaslike uitdagings is gevolglik gemaak.

Electronic waste such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) often contains important concentrations of precious metals such as Au and Ag, which are typically recovered using pyrometallurgical methods as a first step. Understanding the phase chemistry and distribution of precious metals in alloys is of value to the pyrometallurgist, as this gives information on phase partitioning in the furnace. In the present study we aimed at determining the contributions of different phases to the Au and Ag contained in the alloy, using a combination of mineralogical techniques. Three alloy samples were first subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to distinguish the phases present. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) was then performed to determine the compositions of the different phases. Modal phase abundance was obtained, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was then used to quantify Au and Ag in the identified phases. The Au and Ag deportments were derived from these inputs. The results show that Au and Ag partition into all identified alloy phases, but principally into Cu and Pb alloy phases. Cu-rich phases containing Sn are the major hosts of Au and Ag, with the Pb phase in one sample also being a major host. The study demonstrates the success of a combined mineralogical approach incorporating LA-ICP-MS as a method of choice for detecting low concentrations of precious metals in alloy phases, and contributes to our understanding of precious metal partitioning during smelting of waste PCBs.

RESUMO As placas de circuito impresso (PCIs) são as partes mais valiosas dos resíduos eletrônicos, pois possuem uma considerável quantidade de metais com potencial de recuperação. Processos de reciclagem com o intuito de recuperar metais de PCIs têm despertado interesse ultimamente. Contudo, uma fração destes resíduos não é completamente aproveitada e tem destino incerto, como ocorre para a fração não-metálica e o pó gerados durante os processos de recuperação de metais. O foco deste estudo foi o emprego do pó gerado nos processos de cominuição mecânica, separação granulométrica, magnética e eletrostática de PCIs controladoras e indicadoras de temperatura de câmaras frias, para obter compósitos de matriz de polipropileno (PP) com diferentes teores de pó de PCIs, 5, 10 e 20% em massa. Os materiais foram pesados, misturados, moldados por injeção e posteriormente caracterizados por ensaios de tração, dureza Shore D, espectroscopia de infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados dos ensaios de tração e dureza indicaram propriedades levemente superiores às do PP puro, exceto para a deformação na ruptura, que foi reduzido em até 2,7 vezes para a amostra com 20% de resíduo. O desenvolvimento de compósitos utilizando o pó de PCIs se mostrou viável em aplicações onde as propriedades resistência à tração, rigidez e dureza são determinantes, mesmo para um elevado teor de resíduo (20%) agregado.

ABSTRACT Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are the most valuable parts of e-waste because they have a considerable amount of metals with recovery potential. Recycling processes aimed at recovering metals from PCBs have aroused great interest recently. However, there is a fraction of this waste that is not utilized and has uncertain destination, e.g. the non-metallic fraction and the dust generated during metal recovery processes. The focus of this study was to employ the powder generated in the mechanical comminution, granulometric, magnetic and electrostatic separation processes of controller and temperature indicator PCBs of cold rooms to obtain polypropylene (PP) matrix composites with distinct PCBs powder content, 5, 10 and 20% in weight. The sample was collected during the mechanical comminution processes. The materials were weighed, mixed, injection molded and later characterized using tensile tests, Shore D hardness, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Results of the tensile and hardness tests showed properties slightly superior to pure PP, except for strain at break, which was reduced up to 2.7 times for the sample with 20% of residue. In all, the development of composites using the powder of PCBs was considered feasible for applications where tensile strength, stiffness and hardness are important, even for a large amount of residue added (20%).