Abstract The use of syntactic groups (nominal, verbal, etc.) which, through their repetition, acquire an intensifying value is frequent in any type of discourse and even more so in political discourse. In the two issues analyzed in this article, such repetitions assume simultaneously, together with the most proper function, that of highlighting, several others. In the first of these, the intensifying value is added to the capacity of the syntactic group to initiate a new discursive act; this will facilitate, on the one hand, the fluency of the discourse and, on the other, greater intelligibility by making explicit, through duplication, the antecedent term. In the second issue, the intensification expressed by the reiterated fragment is combined with its condition of closing the act or statement, which greatly enhances the message. We have made use of a corpus that is formed by the speeches issued by the leaders of the four most important parties in Spain during the motion of censure of President Mariano Rajoy, on May 31 and June 1, 2018.

Resumen El empleo de grupos sintácticos (nominales, verbales, etc.) que, mediante su repetición, adquieren un valor intensificador es frecuente en cualquier tipo de discurso y con mayor fuerza en el político. En las dos cuestiones que analizamos en este artículo, tales repeticiones asumen simultáneamente, junto a la función más propia, la de relieve, otras varias. En la primera de ellas, al valor intensificador se suma la capacidad del grupo sintáctico para iniciar un nuevo acto discursivo; con ello, se va a facilitar, por un lado, la fluidez del discurso y, por otro, una mayor inteligibilidad al hacer explícito, mediante la duplicación, el término antecedente. En la segunda cuestión tratada, a la intensificación que se expresa por el fragmento reiterado, se une su condición de cierre del acto o enunciado, lo que potencia en gran manera el mensaje. Nos hemos valido de un corpus que está formado por los discursos emitidos por los líderes de los cuatro partidos más importantes en España durante la moción de censura al presidente Mariano Rajoy, el 31 de mayo y el 1 de junio de 2018.

Abstract In Costa Rica, there are significant challenges regarding wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the management of municipal wastewater in Costa Rica, with emphasis on the technological profile, the use of anaerobic systems, and the recovery of generated by-products. A mixed approach was used, combining secondary information from databases, expert consultations, and participatory workshops. It was found that most existing systems work with activated sludge and direct discharge to receiving bodies. Additionally, significant gaps were identified for the implementation of anaerobic systems for wastewater treatment. From a technical standpoint, the lack of training and confidence in designing and operating these systems was noted, along with the relevance of controlling the treatment of emerging contaminants. From an economic standpoint, the lack of financial sustainability of projects, low capacity for user payment, and lack of incentives or tiered tariff systems were identified. Within institutional gaps, the main issue was the need for clearer sectoral leadership and avoiding duplication of functions. All the above requires robust and clear regulations that allow for innovation in the systems to be implemented. Finally, it was found that, for the circular economy principle to become a reality, cultural change is required, and the paradigm that wastewater is only meant for disposal must be changed.

Resumen En Costa Rica, existen grandes desafíos en materia de tratamiento de aguas residuales. Este trabajo evaluó la gestión de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica, dando énfasis al perfil tecnológico, al uso de sistemas anaeróbicos y a la recuperación de los subproductos generados. Se consideró un abordaje mixto, combinando información secundaria de bases de datos, consultas a expertos y talleres participativos. Se logró evidenciar que la mayoría de los sistemas que existen trabaja con lodos activados y con vertido directo a cuerpo receptor. Además, se evidenciaron brechas importantes para la implementación de los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, en especial para los sistemas anaeróbicos. Desde el punto de vista técnico, se identificó la falta de capacitación y de confianza en diseñarlos y operarlos, aunado a la relevancia de controlar el tratamiento de contaminantes emergentes; desde el punto de vista económico, se apunta hacia la falta de sostenibilidad financiera de los proyectos y poca capacidad de pago de los usuarios, falta de incentivos o de sistemas tarifarios escalonados; dentro de las brechas institucionales, la principal es la necesidad de tener una rectoría más clara del sector y evitar la duplicidad de funciones. Se demostró que lo anterior requiere ir ligado de una normativa robusta y clara, que permita la innovación en los sistemas a implementar. Finalmente, se pudo detectar que, para que el principio de economía circular sea una realidad, se requiere trabajar en un cambio cultural y en romper el paradigma de que las aguas residuales solo sirven para desecharlas.

Abstract We present two cases of multiple anatomical variations of the renal and gonadal vessels. The first case presented duplication of the renal vein and the presence of an accessory renal artery. However, the most interesting fact, in this case, was that the right gonadal vein emptied into the inferior right renal vein instead of ending in the inferior vena cava as would typically be the case. In the second case, we also found an accessory renal artery and the right gonadal vein emptied at the exact junction between the right renal vein and the inferior vena cava. Clinicians and surgeons should be familiar with anatomical variations to provide an accurate diagnosis during preoperative studies and to avoid surprises in abdominal surgical procedures. vessels However fact procedures

Resumo Este estudo apresenta dois casos de variação anatômica múltipla de vasos renais e gonadais. O primeiro caso apresentou uma duplicação da veia renal e a presença de uma artéria renal acessória. Porém, o fato mais interessante nesse caso foi a veia gonadal direita desembocar na veia renal direita inferior em vez de terminar na veia cava inferior, como seria o normal. No segundo caso, além de também encontrarmos uma artéria renal acessória, a veia gonadal direita desembocava no exato ponto de junção entre a veia renal direita e a veia cava inferior. Clínicos e cirurgiões devem estar familiarizados com a presença de possíveis variações dos vasos renais e gonadais, sendo um conhecimento imprescindível para obter um diagnóstico mais preciso e para evitar surpresas em procedimentos cirúrgicos abdominais. gonadais acessória Porém normal abdominais

Abstract Background Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are considered high-level evidence to support a decision on therapeutic interventions, and their methodological quality is essential to provide reliable and applicable results. Objective This meta-epidemiological study aimed to map and critically appraise systematic reviews assessing treatments for vesiculobullous skin diseases. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search strategy on MEDLINE (via Pubmed) in December 2022 without restrictions to find systematic reviews evaluating pharmacological interventions for vesiculobullous skin diseases. The methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool, and additional information was extracted. We identified nine systematic reviews published between 2002 and 2021, seven assessing pemphigus. Results According to the AMSTAR-2 tool, 55.6% were classified as critically low quality, 22.2% as moderate quality, 11.1% as low and 11.1% as high quality. No review assessed the certainty of the evidence (GRADE); 86% of pemphigus reviews had at least two overlapping RCTs. There were some limitations regarding methodological flaws and the AMSTAR-2 tool use Conclusions These findings reveal a frail methodological quality of systematic reviews about vesiculobullous diseases treatment that may impact the results. Therefore, methodological rigor is mandatory for future systematic reviews to avoid duplication of effort and increase the certainty of the evidence supporting decision-making. RCTs (RCTs highlevel level results metaepidemiological meta epidemiological via Pubmed 202 AMSTAR2 AMSTAR 2 AMSTAR- extracted 200 2021 556 55 6 55.6 222 22 22.2 111 11 1 11.1 GRADE (GRADE) 86 Therefore decisionmaking. decisionmaking making. making decision-making 20 5 55. 22. 11. (GRADE 8

ABSTRACT Fixed implant-supported complete maxillary dentures aim to rehabilitate aesthetic, phonetic, and functional aspects of edentulous arches. A previous prosthetic preparation without a flange in the anterior sector makes it possible to evaluate the labial support and the existing space for the future prosthesis. Thus, it allows the most appropriate choice of the type of rehabilitation and surgical technique. However, follow-up studies have shown that when proceeding this way, problems in the posterior sector are still occurring, such as the lack of vertical space for an adequate bar design and concave internal designs, which make access to hygiene difficult. Faced with the problem, the aim of this study is to report a clinical case in which the previous prosthetic preparation included the removal of the flange also from the posterior sector during the teeth try-in and the duplication of this assembly in a transparent multifunctional guide that allowed the visualization of the amount of bone removal needed. The osteotomy, performed before the installation of the implants, provided enough space for the bar, acrylic, and prefabricated denture teeth in the prosthesis that was installed, an important fact considering that this is an area with greater chewing efforts. It also allowed for correct internal design in the prosthesis, which will ensure access to correct hygiene. Based on the analysis of the rehabilitated case, it seems fair to conclude that the total removal of the buccal flange at the time of testing the wax try-in of the teeth and its duplication is a differential in the approach of cases and should always be adopted to ensure a lower margin of error and greater longevity in the proposed rehabilitative treatment. implantsupported implant supported aesthetic phonetic arches Thus technique However followup follow up way occurring designs difficult problem tryin try needed osteotomy implants acrylic installed efforts treatment

RESUMO Próteses totais fixas implantossuportadas objetivam reabilitar arcos edêntulos nos aspectos estético, fonético e funcional. Um preparo protético prévio sem flange no setor anterior permite avaliar o suporte labial e o espaço presente para a futura prótese, auxilinado na escolha do tipo de reabilitação e da técnica cirúrgica mais adequada. No entanto, estudos de acompanhamento tem mostrado que ao proceder dessa maneira ainda estão ocorrendo problemas no setor posterior, como falta de espaço vertical para um desenho adequado da barra e desenhos internos côncavos, que dificultam o acesso à higienização. Frente ao problema, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso clínico no qual o preparo protético prévio incluiu a remoção do flange também do setor posterior durante a prova dos dentes e a duplicação dessa montagem em um guia multifuncional transparente permitindo a visualização da quantidade de remoção óssea necessária. A osteotomia, realizada antes da instalação dos implantes, proporcionou espaço suficiente para a barra, acrílico e dentes de estoque na prótese que foi instalada, fato importante considerando ser essa uma zona com maiores esforços mastigatórios. Também permitiu a confecção de desenho interno correto na prótese, que garantirá o acesso para correta higiene. Com base na análise do caso reabilitado, parece lícito concluir que a remoção total do flange vestibular no momento da prova dos dentes em cera e sua duplicação é um diferencial na abordagem dos casos e que deveria sempre ser adotada para garantir menor margem de erros e maior longevidade no tratamento reabilitador proposto. estético funcional adequada entanto côncavos higienização problema necessária osteotomia implantes instalada mastigatórios higiene reabilitado proposto

Resumo As proteínas do tipo germin (GLPs) desempenham um papel importante contra vários estresses. O genoma de Vitis vinifera L. contém 7 GLPs; muitos deles são funcionalmente inexplorados. No entanto, a análise computacional pode fornecer informações importantes sobre sua função. Atualmente, as propriedades físico-químicas, localização subcelular, arquitetura de domínio, estruturas 3D, sítios de N-glicosilação e fosforilação e estudos filogenéticos dos VvGLPs foram conduzidos usando as ferramentas computacionais mais recentes. Suas funções foram previstas usando a ferramenta Search para recuperação de genes/proteínas em interação (STRING) e servidores Blast2Go. A maioria dos VvGLPs são extracelulares (43%) na natureza, mas também mostraram expressão periplasmática (29%), na membrana plasmática (14%) e específica para mitocôndrias ou cloroplastos (14%). A análise funcional previu atividades enzimáticas únicas para essas proteínas, incluindo terpeno sintase, isoprenoide sintase, lipoxigenase, fosfato permease, receptor quinase e hidrolases geralmente mediadas por cátion Mn +. VvGLPs mostraram similaridade na estrutura geral, forma e posição do domínio cupin. Funcionalmente, os VvGLPs controlam e regulam a produção de metabólitos secundários para lidar com vários estresses. Filogeneticamente, VvGLP1, -3, -4, -5 e VvGLP7 mostraram maior similaridade devido à duplicação, enquanto VvGLP2 e VvGLP6 revelaram uma relação distante. A análise do promotor revelou a presença de diversos elementos cis-reguladores, entre os quais CAAT box, MYB, MYC, sem nome-4, sendo comum a todos eles. A análise ajudará a utilizar VvGLPs e seus promotores em programas alimentares futuros, desenvolvendo cultivares resistentes contra vários estresses bióticos (Erysiphe necator e no oídio, etc.) e abióticos (sal, seca, calor, estresse hídrico, etc.).

Abstract Germin-like proteins (GLPs) play an important role against various stresses. Vitis vinifera L. genome contains 7 GLPs; many of them are functionally unexplored. However, the computational analysis may provide important new insight into their function. Currently, physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, domain architectures, 3D structures, N-glycosylation & phosphorylation sites, and phylogeney of the VvGLPs were investigated using the latest computational tools. Their functions were predicted using the Search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) and Blast2Go servers. Most of the VvGLPs were extracellular (43%) in nature but also showed periplasmic (29%), plasma membrane (14%), and mitochondrial- or chloroplast-specific (14%) expression. The functional analysis predicted unique enzymatic activities for these proteins including terpene synthase, isoprenoid synthase, lipoxygenase, phosphate permease, receptor kinase, and hydrolases generally mediated by Mn+ cation. VvGLPs showed similarity in the overall structure, shape, and position of the cupin domain. Functionally, VvGLPs control and regulate the production of secondary metabolites to cope with various stresses. Phylogenetically VvGLP1, -3, -4, -5, and VvGLP7 showed greater similarity due to duplication while VvGLP2 and VvGLP6 revealed a distant relationship. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of diverse cis-regulatory elements among which CAAT box, MYB, MYC, unnamed-4 were common to all of them. The analysis will help to utilize VvGLPs and their promoters in future food programs by developing resistant cultivars against various biotic (Erysiphe necator and in Powdery Mildew etc.) and abiotic (Salt, drought, heat, dehydration, etc.) stresses.

SUMMARY Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome (CS). Pediatric patients with PPNAD typically have unusual skin lesions and slow growth with unknown causes. We present a case of a female Chinese patient with PPNAD caused by the germline PRKACA gene copy number gain of chromosome 19. The patient initially presented with kidney stones, short stature, and obesity. After further testing, it was discovered that the patient had diabetes, mild hypertension, low bone mass, a low ACTH level, and hypercortisolemia, and neither the low-dose or high-dose dexamethasone suppression test was able to inhibit hematuric cortisol, which paradoxically increased. PPNAD was pathologically diagnosed after unilateral adrenalectomy. Chromosome microarrays and whole exon sequencing analyses of the peripheral blood, as well as testing of sectioned adrenal tissue, showed a rise in the copy number of the duplication-containing PRKACA gene on chromosome 19p13.13p13.12, a de novo but not heritable gene defect that causes disease. The clinical signs and symptoms supported the diagnosis of Carney complex (CNC). One significant mechanism of CNC pathogenesis may be the rise in germline PRKACA copy number of chromosome 19. When assessing PPNAD patients for CNC, the possibility of PRKACA gene amplification should be considered. The effect of PRKACA gene amplification on the clinical manifestations of CNC needs to be confirmed by more cases. (PPNAD ACTHindependent independent Cushings Cushing s CS. CS . (CS) 19 stones stature obesity diabetes hypertension mass level hypercortisolemia lowdose dose highdose high cortisol increased adrenalectomy blood tissue duplicationcontaining duplication containing 19p1313p1312 pp 19p13 13p13 12 p 19p13.13p13.12 CNC. (CNC) considered cases (CS 1 19p1313p131 19p1 13p1 19p13.13p13.1 (CNC 19p1313p13 19p 13p 19p13.13p13. 19p1313p1 19p13.13p13 19p1313p 19p13.13p1 19p13.13p

ABSTRACT The article discusses which philosophical tools are indispensable and fundamental for understanding the meaning of technology in modern times. It focuses on the debate about artificial intelligence “replacing thought”. It provides philosophical criteria for evaluating the rupture between humanism and technology and possible interpretative and analytical choices about human cognition and the possibility of its duplication by machines. It raises ethical and legal issues in the current debates involving Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy, in the sense of the need to regulate the use of artificial intelligence ethically and legally, considering the human perspective of its use and the impacts on humanity. It ponders whether a philosophy of reconstruction of the world will emerge based on technological standards or whether it will look to the humanist tradition to develop an interpretation, given that relations between humans and machines are still unclear. times replacing thought. thought . thought” Philosophy legally humanity interpretation unclear

RESUMO O artigo discute quais ferramentas filosóficas são indispensáveis e fundamentais para a compreensão do significado da tecnologia nos tempos modernos. Centra-se no debate sobre a inteligência artificial “substituindo o pensamento”. Fornece critérios filosóficos para avaliar a ruptura entre humanismo e tecnologia e possíveis escolhas interpretativas e analíticas sobre a cognição humana e a possibilidade de sua duplicação por máquinas. Levanta questões éticas e jurídicas nos debates atuais envolvendo Inteligência Artificial e Filosofia, no sentido da necessidade de regulamentar o uso da inteligência artificial de forma ética e legal, considerando a perspectiva humana de seu uso e os impactos para a humanidade. Pondera se surgirá uma filosofia de reconstrução do mundo baseada em padrões tecnológicos ou se recorrerá à tradição humanista para desenvolver uma interpretação, dado que as relações entre humanos e máquinas ainda não são claras. modernos Centrase Centra substituindo pensamento. pensamento . pensamento” Filosofia legal humanidade interpretação claras

BACKGROUND: Informational continuity ensures that all health and psychosocial information of the pregnant women is available at all encounters with healthcare providers. The World Health Organization recognised that ineffective informational continuity during birth contributed to fragmented care and duplication of services, which ultimately influenced the morbidity and mortality rates of the pregnant women AIM: The aim of this study was to delve into the midwives' experiences on informational continuity approaches that enable effective care coordination during birth within the primary health care setting SETTING: The study setting was two maternity obstetric units (MOUs) in the Western Cape, South Africa METHODS: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was used. Participants were recruited by using purposive sampling. Interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed RESULTS: Three themes emerged from the findings. Theme one: adequate sharing of information with women during the intrapartum period. Theme two: efficient transition of information among midwives and other healthcare providers during the intrapartum period. Theme three: challenges to informational continuity during the intrapartum period CONCLUSION: Communication with the women as well as with other healthcare providers during birth was effective. However, with minimal challenges, informational continuity was effectuated through communication among the midwives, the pregnant women and other healthcare providers CONTRIBUTION: Informational continuity approaches among the midwives, with the women and between healthcare facilities are a prerequisite to ensure continuity of care and care coordination during birth

The proliferation of online dating scams or fraud has presented a significant threat to users of online dating platforms globally. Scammers misrepresent themselves as would-be lovers, usually employing false identities, in order to defraud unsuspecting victims of large sums of money. Not only do romance scammers cause great financial harm to their victims, but also often leave victims with long-term psychological scars. As both the common law and the Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 address instances of fraud, both may potentially be employed to address the issue of online dating fraud. The State may charge an accused with both offences, but a conviction based on both would probably constitute a duplication of convictions. The offence of cyber fraud under the Cybercrimes Act may however be more onerous to prove, owing to the particular way that cyber fraud must be committed under section 8. A conviction based on the Cybercrimes Act may, however, be more attractive to the State as certain minimum sentences apply, depending on the amount defrauded, whether the accused was a law enforcement officer, whether someone was in charge of or had access to the data belonging to others, and whether the offence was committed in concert with others.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The polymerase chain reaction requires several procedures and controls to ensure the quality of the study. Quality control must be performed on the reverse transcript in order to determine the effectiveness of the process and move to the next step. It is checked with the amplification of a normal gene, which is interpreted by electrophoresis. Due to difficulties in importing reagents, it was proposed to replace this step with the identification of the tyrosine kinase 3 gene, which in acute myeloid leukemia can be affected by an internal tandem duplication type mutation. Objective: To evaluate whether the biomarker internal tandem duplication of the tyrosine kinase 3 gene is useful as a control of the reverse transcription process within the polymerase chain reaction technique for molecular studies. Methods: 235 bone marrow aspirate samples from hematological patients were analyzed in the molecular biology laboratory of the Institute of Hematology and Immunology between June 2017 and June 2019. Results: 85.53% presented only one band in capillary electrophoresis, corresponding to the wild-type allele, and in the rest, the normal band and the band corresponding to the mutated allele were observed. Thus, the presence of cDNA was verified in all samples. Conclusions: The substitution of the control based on a normal gene, by the biomarker internal tandem duplication of the tyrosine kinase 3 gene, within the polymerase chain reaction technique, is possible and, moreover, useful as part of the laboratory protocol for the study of patients with oncohematological diseases.

RESUMEN Introducción: La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa requiere de varios procedimientos y controles para garantizar la eficacia del estudio. Se debe realizar un control de calidad a la reverso transcripción con el fin de determinar la efectividad del proceso y pasar a la siguiente etapa. Se comprueba con la amplificación de un gen normal, que se interpreta mediante electroforesis. Por dificultades en la importación de reactivos, se propuso sustituir este paso por la identificación del gen de la tirosina quinasa 3, que en la leucemia mieloide aguda puede afectarse por una mutación del tipo duplicación interna en tándem. Objetivo: Evaluar si el biomarcador duplicación interna en tándem del gen de la tirosina quinasa 3 es útil como control del proceso de reverso transcripción dentro de la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para los estudios moleculares. Métodos: Se analizaron 235 muestras de aspirado medular de pacientes hematológicos, en el laboratorio de biología molecular del Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología entre junio de 2017 y junio de 2019. Resultados: El 85,53 % presentó solo una banda en la electroforesis capilar, correspondiente al alelo salvaje, y en el resto se observaron la banda normal y la correspondiente al alelo mutado. De esta forma, se comprobó la presencia de ADN complementario en todas las muestras. Conclusiones: La sustitución del control basado en un gen normal, por el biomarcador duplicación interna en tándem del gen de la tirosina quinasa 3 dentro de la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, se realiza como parte del protocolo de laboratorio para el estudio de pacientes con enfermedades oncohematológicas.

BACKGROUND: Informational continuity (IC) is one of the four approaches that enables integrated people-centered health services. IC enables the availability of all health and psychosocial information of the pregnant women at all health encounters. World Health Organization (WHO) recognised that ineffective IC results in fragmented health care and duplication of services. Hence, IC may assist in the reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality AIM: The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of skilled birth attendants (SBAs) with IC during the antenatal period. SETTING: Three primary healthcare centers in Maseru district, Lesotho. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was used with purposive sampling to choose nine participants. RESULTS: Four themes emerged; Theme one: SBAs and pregnant women information communication, theme two: Information communication between the SBAs, theme three: information collection during ANC and theme four: guidelines used during ANC to standardise care. Several challenges regarding information communication form the sources of information, transition of information, information between caregivers and women which demonstrated the frustration between the women and the SBAs during ANC leading to ineffective care coordination. CONCLUSION: Enabling IC during ANC enables effective data collection from the sources of information, transition of information during care giving within and between health facilities. CONTRIBUTION: Effective informational continuity enables effective care coordination in ANC in Lesotho.

Abstract We present the case of a patient with venous throm boembolic disease and contraindication to anticoagu lation, where the incidental finding of a duplication of the inferior vena cava was made. This observation determined the need to implant two embolic protection filters. Although this vascular anomaly is rarely present, it is important to keep this possibility in mind to ensure that proper protection is provided when inferior vena cava filters are implanted.

Resumen Se presenta el caso de un paciente con enferme dad tromboembólica venosa y contraindicación de anticoagulación en el cual se halló incidentalmente una duplicación de vena cava inferior, situación que determinó la necesidad del implante de dos filtros de protección embólica. Si bien esta anomalía vascular es de escasa presentación, es importante tener presente esta posibilidad para asegurarse de brindar una co rrecta protección a la hora del implante de filtros de vena cava inferior.

Abstract The notions of desert, sea, horizon, and that of duplication play a substantial importance in Mohamed El Morabet's El invierno de los jilgueros. The four motifs manage to design and arrange a subtle geometry of dichotomous tensions that structure the narrative composure of the novel. This article is intended as an approximation of the manifestations that such motifs take, with the purpose of proposing an interpretative reading of the meaning that they acquire within the work. The main objective is to show the mechanisms of articulation of those motives that are weaving in the narrative plot a pertinent and discreet cartography of dualities and symmetries, in order to polarize the global meaning of the text of the novel..

Resumen Las nociones de desierto, mar, horizonte y doble desempeñan una importancia sustancial en El invierno de los jilgueros de Mohamed El Morabet. Los cuatro motivos logran diseñar y disponer una sutil geometría de tensiones dicotómicas que vertebran la compostura narrativa de la novela. El presente artículo se propone acercar las manifestaciones que cobran tales motivos, con el fin de presentar una lectura interpretativa del significado que adquieren dentro de la obra. El objetivo principal es dar cuenta de los mecanismos de articulación de esos motivos que van urdiendo en la trama narrativa una atinada y discreta cartografía de dualidades y simetrías, de cara a polarizar el sentido global del texto novelístico.

Abstract Let G be a graph of order n, A(G) its adjacency matrix and D(G) the diagonal matrix of degrees of G. In 2017, for every α in [0, 1], Nikiforov defined the matrix Aα(G) = αD(G) + (1 − α)A(G). In this paper, we investigate the Aα-spectrum of graphs obtained from the duplicate and corona operations. As an application of our results, we provide conditions for the construction of some pairs of non isomorphic Aα-cospectral graphs.