Abstract The use of syntactic groups (nominal, verbal, etc.) which, through their repetition, acquire an intensifying value is frequent in any type of discourse and even more so in political discourse. In the two issues analyzed in this article, such repetitions assume simultaneously, together with the most proper function, that of highlighting, several others. In the first of these, the intensifying value is added to the capacity of the syntactic group to initiate a new discursive act; this will facilitate, on the one hand, the fluency of the discourse and, on the other, greater intelligibility by making explicit, through duplication, the antecedent term. In the second issue, the intensification expressed by the reiterated fragment is combined with its condition of closing the act or statement, which greatly enhances the message. We have made use of a corpus that is formed by the speeches issued by the leaders of the four most important parties in Spain during the motion of censure of President Mariano Rajoy, on May 31 and June 1, 2018.

Resumen El empleo de grupos sintácticos (nominales, verbales, etc.) que, mediante su repetición, adquieren un valor intensificador es frecuente en cualquier tipo de discurso y con mayor fuerza en el político. En las dos cuestiones que analizamos en este artículo, tales repeticiones asumen simultáneamente, junto a la función más propia, la de relieve, otras varias. En la primera de ellas, al valor intensificador se suma la capacidad del grupo sintáctico para iniciar un nuevo acto discursivo; con ello, se va a facilitar, por un lado, la fluidez del discurso y, por otro, una mayor inteligibilidad al hacer explícito, mediante la duplicación, el término antecedente. En la segunda cuestión tratada, a la intensificación que se expresa por el fragmento reiterado, se une su condición de cierre del acto o enunciado, lo que potencia en gran manera el mensaje. Nos hemos valido de un corpus que está formado por los discursos emitidos por los líderes de los cuatro partidos más importantes en España durante la moción de censura al presidente Mariano Rajoy, el 31 de mayo y el 1 de junio de 2018.

Abstract Introduction. Gastric duplications are rare congenital entities that are diagnosed primarily in early life, and rarely in adult patients. The objective of this article was to present the case of an adult with this pathology, successfully treated by surgery. Clinical case. A 26-year-old woman with chronic epigastralgia refractory to medical management, who during upper digestive endoscopy was identified with a cystic lesion suggestive of gastro-intestinal stromal tumor, confirmed by endoscopic ultrasound. Results. A laparoscopic surgical resection assisted by endoscopy was performed, with good postoperative evolution. The anatomopathological study reported the presence of a gastric duplication cyst. Conclusions. Despite the diagnostic adjuncts currently available, this pathology represents an important diagnostic challenge that, in many cases, can only be confirmed through pathology. In asymptomatic patients, the controversy continues between observing them or taking them to surgery due to the risk of malignancy. Currently, the management of gastric duplications in adults is considered eminently surgical. Laparoscopic resections and the use of intraoperative endoscopy ensure complete resection of the lesion, preserving the greatest amount of adjacent healthy tissue and preventing gastric stenosis or deformities that affect its proper functioning.

Resumen Introducción. Las duplicaciones gástricas son entidades congénitas poco frecuentes que se diagnostican principalmente en las etapas tempranas de la vida, y rara vez en pacientes adultos. El objetivo de este artículo fue presentar el caso de un adulto con esta patología, tratado exitosamente mediante cirugía. Caso clínico. Mujer de 26 años de edad con epigastralgia crónica refractaria a manejo médico, a quien durante endoscopia digestiva superior se le identificó una lesión quística sugestiva de tumor estromal gastrointestinal, confirmada por ultrasonido endoscópico. Resultados. Se realizó una resección quirúrgica laparoscópica asistida por endoscopia, con buena evolución postoperatoria. El estudio anatomo-patológico informó la presencia de un quiste de duplicación gástrica. Conclusiones. A pesar de las ayudas diagnósticas disponibles en la actualidad, esta patología representa un reto diagnóstico importante que, en muchas ocasiones solo puede ser confirmado mediante el estudio anatomo-patológico. En paciente asintomático, continúa la controversia entre observarlo o llevarlo a cirugía, por el riesgo de malignidad. Actualmente, el manejo de las duplicaciones gástricas en adultos se considera eminentemente quirúrgico. Las resecciones laparoscópicas y el uso de endoscopia intraoperatoria permiten garantizar la resección completa de la lesión, preservando la mayor cantidad de tejido sano adyacente y previniendo estenosis o deformidades gástricas que afecten su adecuado funcionamiento.

Abstract In Costa Rica, there are significant challenges regarding wastewater treatment. This study evaluated the management of municipal wastewater in Costa Rica, with emphasis on the technological profile, the use of anaerobic systems, and the recovery of generated by-products. A mixed approach was used, combining secondary information from databases, expert consultations, and participatory workshops. It was found that most existing systems work with activated sludge and direct discharge to receiving bodies. Additionally, significant gaps were identified for the implementation of anaerobic systems for wastewater treatment. From a technical standpoint, the lack of training and confidence in designing and operating these systems was noted, along with the relevance of controlling the treatment of emerging contaminants. From an economic standpoint, the lack of financial sustainability of projects, low capacity for user payment, and lack of incentives or tiered tariff systems were identified. Within institutional gaps, the main issue was the need for clearer sectoral leadership and avoiding duplication of functions. All the above requires robust and clear regulations that allow for innovation in the systems to be implemented. Finally, it was found that, for the circular economy principle to become a reality, cultural change is required, and the paradigm that wastewater is only meant for disposal must be changed.

Resumen En Costa Rica, existen grandes desafíos en materia de tratamiento de aguas residuales. Este trabajo evaluó la gestión de aguas residuales ordinarias en Costa Rica, dando énfasis al perfil tecnológico, al uso de sistemas anaeróbicos y a la recuperación de los subproductos generados. Se consideró un abordaje mixto, combinando información secundaria de bases de datos, consultas a expertos y talleres participativos. Se logró evidenciar que la mayoría de los sistemas que existen trabaja con lodos activados y con vertido directo a cuerpo receptor. Además, se evidenciaron brechas importantes para la implementación de los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales, en especial para los sistemas anaeróbicos. Desde el punto de vista técnico, se identificó la falta de capacitación y de confianza en diseñarlos y operarlos, aunado a la relevancia de controlar el tratamiento de contaminantes emergentes; desde el punto de vista económico, se apunta hacia la falta de sostenibilidad financiera de los proyectos y poca capacidad de pago de los usuarios, falta de incentivos o de sistemas tarifarios escalonados; dentro de las brechas institucionales, la principal es la necesidad de tener una rectoría más clara del sector y evitar la duplicidad de funciones. Se demostró que lo anterior requiere ir ligado de una normativa robusta y clara, que permita la innovación en los sistemas a implementar. Finalmente, se pudo detectar que, para que el principio de economía circular sea una realidad, se requiere trabajar en un cambio cultural y en romper el paradigma de que las aguas residuales solo sirven para desecharlas.

Abstract For a graph an edge irregular total k−labeling is a labeling of the vertices and edges of with labels from the set such that any two different edges have distinct weights. The sum of the label of edge uv and the labels of vertices u and v determine the weight of the edge uv. The smallest possible k for which the graph has an edge irregular total k−labeling is called the total edge irregularity strength of We determine the exact value of the total edge irregularity strength for some cycle related graphs.

Resumo As proteínas do tipo germin (GLPs) desempenham um papel importante contra vários estresses. O genoma de Vitis vinifera L. contém 7 GLPs; muitos deles são funcionalmente inexplorados. No entanto, a análise computacional pode fornecer informações importantes sobre sua função. Atualmente, as propriedades físico-químicas, localização subcelular, arquitetura de domínio, estruturas 3D, sítios de N-glicosilação e fosforilação e estudos filogenéticos dos VvGLPs foram conduzidos usando as ferramentas computacionais mais recentes. Suas funções foram previstas usando a ferramenta Search para recuperação de genes/proteínas em interação (STRING) e servidores Blast2Go. A maioria dos VvGLPs são extracelulares (43%) na natureza, mas também mostraram expressão periplasmática (29%), na membrana plasmática (14%) e específica para mitocôndrias ou cloroplastos (14%). A análise funcional previu atividades enzimáticas únicas para essas proteínas, incluindo terpeno sintase, isoprenoide sintase, lipoxigenase, fosfato permease, receptor quinase e hidrolases geralmente mediadas por cátion Mn +. VvGLPs mostraram similaridade na estrutura geral, forma e posição do domínio cupin. Funcionalmente, os VvGLPs controlam e regulam a produção de metabólitos secundários para lidar com vários estresses. Filogeneticamente, VvGLP1, -3, -4, -5 e VvGLP7 mostraram maior similaridade devido à duplicação, enquanto VvGLP2 e VvGLP6 revelaram uma relação distante. A análise do promotor revelou a presença de diversos elementos cis-reguladores, entre os quais CAAT box, MYB, MYC, sem nome-4, sendo comum a todos eles. A análise ajudará a utilizar VvGLPs e seus promotores em programas alimentares futuros, desenvolvendo cultivares resistentes contra vários estresses bióticos (Erysiphe necator e no oídio, etc.) e abióticos (sal, seca, calor, estresse hídrico, etc.).

Abstract Germin-like proteins (GLPs) play an important role against various stresses. Vitis vinifera L. genome contains 7 GLPs; many of them are functionally unexplored. However, the computational analysis may provide important new insight into their function. Currently, physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, domain architectures, 3D structures, N-glycosylation & phosphorylation sites, and phylogeney of the VvGLPs were investigated using the latest computational tools. Their functions were predicted using the Search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins (STRING) and Blast2Go servers. Most of the VvGLPs were extracellular (43%) in nature but also showed periplasmic (29%), plasma membrane (14%), and mitochondrial- or chloroplast-specific (14%) expression. The functional analysis predicted unique enzymatic activities for these proteins including terpene synthase, isoprenoid synthase, lipoxygenase, phosphate permease, receptor kinase, and hydrolases generally mediated by Mn+ cation. VvGLPs showed similarity in the overall structure, shape, and position of the cupin domain. Functionally, VvGLPs control and regulate the production of secondary metabolites to cope with various stresses. Phylogenetically VvGLP1, -3, -4, -5, and VvGLP7 showed greater similarity due to duplication while VvGLP2 and VvGLP6 revealed a distant relationship. Promoter analysis revealed the presence of diverse cis-regulatory elements among which CAAT box, MYB, MYC, unnamed-4 were common to all of them. The analysis will help to utilize VvGLPs and their promoters in future food programs by developing resistant cultivars against various biotic (Erysiphe necator and in Powdery Mildew etc.) and abiotic (Salt, drought, heat, dehydration, etc.) stresses.

Abstract We present two cases of multiple anatomical variations of the renal and gonadal vessels. The first case presented duplication of the renal vein and the presence of an accessory renal artery. However, the most interesting fact, in this case, was that the right gonadal vein emptied into the inferior right renal vein instead of ending in the inferior vena cava as would typically be the case. In the second case, we also found an accessory renal artery and the right gonadal vein emptied at the exact junction between the right renal vein and the inferior vena cava. Clinicians and surgeons should be familiar with anatomical variations to provide an accurate diagnosis during preoperative studies and to avoid surprises in abdominal surgical procedures. vessels However fact procedures

Resumo Este estudo apresenta dois casos de variação anatômica múltipla de vasos renais e gonadais. O primeiro caso apresentou uma duplicação da veia renal e a presença de uma artéria renal acessória. Porém, o fato mais interessante nesse caso foi a veia gonadal direita desembocar na veia renal direita inferior em vez de terminar na veia cava inferior, como seria o normal. No segundo caso, além de também encontrarmos uma artéria renal acessória, a veia gonadal direita desembocava no exato ponto de junção entre a veia renal direita e a veia cava inferior. Clínicos e cirurgiões devem estar familiarizados com a presença de possíveis variações dos vasos renais e gonadais, sendo um conhecimento imprescindível para obter um diagnóstico mais preciso e para evitar surpresas em procedimentos cirúrgicos abdominais. gonadais acessória Porém normal abdominais

ABSTRACT Fixed implant-supported complete maxillary dentures aim to rehabilitate aesthetic, phonetic, and functional aspects of edentulous arches. A previous prosthetic preparation without a flange in the anterior sector makes it possible to evaluate the labial support and the existing space for the future prosthesis. Thus, it allows the most appropriate choice of the type of rehabilitation and surgical technique. However, follow-up studies have shown that when proceeding this way, problems in the posterior sector are still occurring, such as the lack of vertical space for an adequate bar design and concave internal designs, which make access to hygiene difficult. Faced with the problem, the aim of this study is to report a clinical case in which the previous prosthetic preparation included the removal of the flange also from the posterior sector during the teeth try-in and the duplication of this assembly in a transparent multifunctional guide that allowed the visualization of the amount of bone removal needed. The osteotomy, performed before the installation of the implants, provided enough space for the bar, acrylic, and prefabricated denture teeth in the prosthesis that was installed, an important fact considering that this is an area with greater chewing efforts. It also allowed for correct internal design in the prosthesis, which will ensure access to correct hygiene. Based on the analysis of the rehabilitated case, it seems fair to conclude that the total removal of the buccal flange at the time of testing the wax try-in of the teeth and its duplication is a differential in the approach of cases and should always be adopted to ensure a lower margin of error and greater longevity in the proposed rehabilitative treatment. implantsupported implant supported aesthetic phonetic arches Thus technique However followup follow up way occurring designs difficult problem tryin try needed osteotomy implants acrylic installed efforts treatment

RESUMO Próteses totais fixas implantossuportadas objetivam reabilitar arcos edêntulos nos aspectos estético, fonético e funcional. Um preparo protético prévio sem flange no setor anterior permite avaliar o suporte labial e o espaço presente para a futura prótese, auxilinado na escolha do tipo de reabilitação e da técnica cirúrgica mais adequada. No entanto, estudos de acompanhamento tem mostrado que ao proceder dessa maneira ainda estão ocorrendo problemas no setor posterior, como falta de espaço vertical para um desenho adequado da barra e desenhos internos côncavos, que dificultam o acesso à higienização. Frente ao problema, o objetivo do presente trabalho é relatar um caso clínico no qual o preparo protético prévio incluiu a remoção do flange também do setor posterior durante a prova dos dentes e a duplicação dessa montagem em um guia multifuncional transparente permitindo a visualização da quantidade de remoção óssea necessária. A osteotomia, realizada antes da instalação dos implantes, proporcionou espaço suficiente para a barra, acrílico e dentes de estoque na prótese que foi instalada, fato importante considerando ser essa uma zona com maiores esforços mastigatórios. Também permitiu a confecção de desenho interno correto na prótese, que garantirá o acesso para correta higiene. Com base na análise do caso reabilitado, parece lícito concluir que a remoção total do flange vestibular no momento da prova dos dentes em cera e sua duplicação é um diferencial na abordagem dos casos e que deveria sempre ser adotada para garantir menor margem de erros e maior longevidade no tratamento reabilitador proposto. estético funcional adequada entanto côncavos higienização problema necessária osteotomia implantes instalada mastigatórios higiene reabilitado proposto

SUMMARY Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)-independent Cushing's syndrome (CS). Pediatric patients with PPNAD typically have unusual skin lesions and slow growth with unknown causes. We present a case of a female Chinese patient with PPNAD caused by the germline PRKACA gene copy number gain of chromosome 19. The patient initially presented with kidney stones, short stature, and obesity. After further testing, it was discovered that the patient had diabetes, mild hypertension, low bone mass, a low ACTH level, and hypercortisolemia, and neither the low-dose or high-dose dexamethasone suppression test was able to inhibit hematuric cortisol, which paradoxically increased. PPNAD was pathologically diagnosed after unilateral adrenalectomy. Chromosome microarrays and whole exon sequencing analyses of the peripheral blood, as well as testing of sectioned adrenal tissue, showed a rise in the copy number of the duplication-containing PRKACA gene on chromosome 19p13.13p13.12, a de novo but not heritable gene defect that causes disease. The clinical signs and symptoms supported the diagnosis of Carney complex (CNC). One significant mechanism of CNC pathogenesis may be the rise in germline PRKACA copy number of chromosome 19. When assessing PPNAD patients for CNC, the possibility of PRKACA gene amplification should be considered. The effect of PRKACA gene amplification on the clinical manifestations of CNC needs to be confirmed by more cases. (PPNAD ACTHindependent independent Cushings Cushing s CS. CS . (CS) 19 stones stature obesity diabetes hypertension mass level hypercortisolemia lowdose dose highdose high cortisol increased adrenalectomy blood tissue duplicationcontaining duplication containing 19p1313p1312 pp 19p13 13p13 12 p 19p13.13p13.12 CNC. (CNC) considered cases (CS 1 19p1313p131 19p1 13p1 19p13.13p13.1 (CNC 19p1313p13 19p 13p 19p13.13p13. 19p1313p1 19p13.13p13 19p1313p 19p13.13p1 19p13.13p

Abstract Background Systematic reviews of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are considered high-level evidence to support a decision on therapeutic interventions, and their methodological quality is essential to provide reliable and applicable results. Objective This meta-epidemiological study aimed to map and critically appraise systematic reviews assessing treatments for vesiculobullous skin diseases. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search strategy on MEDLINE (via Pubmed) in December 2022 without restrictions to find systematic reviews evaluating pharmacological interventions for vesiculobullous skin diseases. The methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool, and additional information was extracted. We identified nine systematic reviews published between 2002 and 2021, seven assessing pemphigus. Results According to the AMSTAR-2 tool, 55.6% were classified as critically low quality, 22.2% as moderate quality, 11.1% as low and 11.1% as high quality. No review assessed the certainty of the evidence (GRADE); 86% of pemphigus reviews had at least two overlapping RCTs. There were some limitations regarding methodological flaws and the AMSTAR-2 tool use Conclusions These findings reveal a frail methodological quality of systematic reviews about vesiculobullous diseases treatment that may impact the results. Therefore, methodological rigor is mandatory for future systematic reviews to avoid duplication of effort and increase the certainty of the evidence supporting decision-making. RCTs (RCTs highlevel level results metaepidemiological meta epidemiological via Pubmed 202 AMSTAR2 AMSTAR 2 AMSTAR- extracted 200 2021 556 55 6 55.6 222 22 22.2 111 11 1 11.1 GRADE (GRADE) 86 Therefore decisionmaking. decisionmaking making. making decision-making 20 5 55. 22. 11. (GRADE 8

ABSTRACT The article discusses which philosophical tools are indispensable and fundamental for understanding the meaning of technology in modern times. It focuses on the debate about artificial intelligence “replacing thought”. It provides philosophical criteria for evaluating the rupture between humanism and technology and possible interpretative and analytical choices about human cognition and the possibility of its duplication by machines. It raises ethical and legal issues in the current debates involving Artificial Intelligence and Philosophy, in the sense of the need to regulate the use of artificial intelligence ethically and legally, considering the human perspective of its use and the impacts on humanity. It ponders whether a philosophy of reconstruction of the world will emerge based on technological standards or whether it will look to the humanist tradition to develop an interpretation, given that relations between humans and machines are still unclear. times replacing thought. thought . thought” Philosophy legally humanity interpretation unclear

RESUMO O artigo discute quais ferramentas filosóficas são indispensáveis e fundamentais para a compreensão do significado da tecnologia nos tempos modernos. Centra-se no debate sobre a inteligência artificial “substituindo o pensamento”. Fornece critérios filosóficos para avaliar a ruptura entre humanismo e tecnologia e possíveis escolhas interpretativas e analíticas sobre a cognição humana e a possibilidade de sua duplicação por máquinas. Levanta questões éticas e jurídicas nos debates atuais envolvendo Inteligência Artificial e Filosofia, no sentido da necessidade de regulamentar o uso da inteligência artificial de forma ética e legal, considerando a perspectiva humana de seu uso e os impactos para a humanidade. Pondera se surgirá uma filosofia de reconstrução do mundo baseada em padrões tecnológicos ou se recorrerá à tradição humanista para desenvolver uma interpretação, dado que as relações entre humanos e máquinas ainda não são claras. modernos Centrase Centra substituindo pensamento. pensamento . pensamento” Filosofia legal humanidade interpretação claras

RESUMEN Introducción: La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa requiere de varios procedimientos y controles para garantizar la eficacia del estudio. Se debe realizar un control de calidad a la reverso transcripción con el fin de determinar la efectividad del proceso y pasar a la siguiente etapa. Se comprueba con la amplificación de un gen normal, que se interpreta mediante electroforesis. Por dificultades en la importación de reactivos, se propuso sustituir este paso por la identificación del gen de la tirosina quinasa 3, que en la leucemia mieloide aguda puede afectarse por una mutación del tipo duplicación interna en tándem. Objetivo: Evaluar si el biomarcador duplicación interna en tándem del gen de la tirosina quinasa 3 es útil como control del proceso de reverso transcripción dentro de la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para los estudios moleculares. Métodos: Se analizaron 235 muestras de aspirado medular de pacientes hematológicos, en el laboratorio de biología molecular del Instituto de Hematología e Inmunología entre junio de 2017 y junio de 2019. Resultados: El 85,53 % presentó solo una banda en la electroforesis capilar, correspondiente al alelo salvaje, y en el resto se observaron la banda normal y la correspondiente al alelo mutado. De esta forma, se comprobó la presencia de ADN complementario en todas las muestras. Conclusiones: La sustitución del control basado en un gen normal, por el biomarcador duplicación interna en tándem del gen de la tirosina quinasa 3 dentro de la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, se realiza como parte del protocolo de laboratorio para el estudio de pacientes con enfermedades oncohematológicas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The polymerase chain reaction requires several procedures and controls to ensure the quality of the study. Quality control must be performed on the reverse transcript in order to determine the effectiveness of the process and move to the next step. It is checked with the amplification of a normal gene, which is interpreted by electrophoresis. Due to difficulties in importing reagents, it was proposed to replace this step with the identification of the tyrosine kinase 3 gene, which in acute myeloid leukemia can be affected by an internal tandem duplication type mutation. Objective: To evaluate whether the biomarker internal tandem duplication of the tyrosine kinase 3 gene is useful as a control of the reverse transcription process within the polymerase chain reaction technique for molecular studies. Methods: 235 bone marrow aspirate samples from hematological patients were analyzed in the molecular biology laboratory of the Institute of Hematology and Immunology between June 2017 and June 2019. Results: 85.53% presented only one band in capillary electrophoresis, corresponding to the wild-type allele, and in the rest, the normal band and the band corresponding to the mutated allele were observed. Thus, the presence of cDNA was verified in all samples. Conclusions: The substitution of the control based on a normal gene, by the biomarker internal tandem duplication of the tyrosine kinase 3 gene, within the polymerase chain reaction technique, is possible and, moreover, useful as part of the laboratory protocol for the study of patients with oncohematological diseases.

The proliferation of online dating scams or fraud has presented a significant threat to users of online dating platforms globally. Scammers misrepresent themselves as would-be lovers, usually employing false identities, in order to defraud unsuspecting victims of large sums of money. Not only do romance scammers cause great financial harm to their victims, but also often leave victims with long-term psychological scars. As both the common law and the Cybercrimes Act 19 of 2020 address instances of fraud, both may potentially be employed to address the issue of online dating fraud. The State may charge an accused with both offences, but a conviction based on both would probably constitute a duplication of convictions. The offence of cyber fraud under the Cybercrimes Act may however be more onerous to prove, owing to the particular way that cyber fraud must be committed under section 8. A conviction based on the Cybercrimes Act may, however, be more attractive to the State as certain minimum sentences apply, depending on the amount defrauded, whether the accused was a law enforcement officer, whether someone was in charge of or had access to the data belonging to others, and whether the offence was committed in concert with others.

ABSTRACT Day by day, the percentage of waste increased at an enormous rate due to the increase in population. Utilization of industrial waste in concrete not only prevents the duplication of natural resources but also helps to minimize waste disposal issues. One of the industrial byproducts used in geopolymer concrete is fly ash, which serves as the main source material and is highly rich in alumina and silica. In this study, Quarry rock dust is used as fine aggregate which replaces natural river sand. Recycled coarse aggregate and metal swarf was added in 50:50 proportion with respect to the volume of concrete to replace coarse aggregate. Alkaline activator solution, also called stimulator solution a combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate, is added into the concrete. Polyethylene-based superplasticizer with 1% of the volume of fly ash is mixed into the concrete to increase its workability. Coir fibers (lignocellulosic fibers) are added to the concrete in percentages range from 0.2% to 1.2% at 0.2% interval. The specimens are tested for their compressive strength, water absorption, acid attack, and sulfate attack. Fibres below 0.6% dosage produced the optimum results. day population issues silica study sand 5050 50 50:5 silicate Polyethylenebased Polyethylene based 1 workability lignocellulosic 02 0 2 0.2 12 1.2 interval strength absorption attack 06 6 0.6 results 505 5 50: 0. 1.

Abstract Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) has increased the comprehension of the mechanisms of copy number variation (CNV) formation, classification of these rearrangements, type of recurrence, and its origin, and has also been a powerful approach to identifying CNVs in individuals with intellectual disability. The aim of this study was to establish the parental origin of de novo pathogenic CNV in a cohort of patients with intellectual disability from the public health system of Goiás-Brazil. CMA was done in 76 trios and we identified 15 de novo pathogenic CNVs in 12 patients with intellectual disability. In a total of 15 de novo pathogenic CNV, 60% were derived from the maternal germline and 40% from the paternal germline. CNV flanked by low copy repeats (LCR) were identified in 46.7% and most of them were of maternal origin. No significant association was observed between paternal age and the mutation rate of de novo CNVs. The presence of high-identity LCRs increases the occurrence of CNV formation mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination and the majority of paternal CNVs are non-recurrent. The mechanism of formation of these CNV may have been by microhomology-mediated break-induced replication or non-homologous end joining. (CMA (CNV rearrangements recurrence GoiásBrazil. GoiásBrazil Goiás Brazil. Brazil Goiás-Brazil 7 1 60 40 LCR (LCR 467 46 46.7 highidentity high identity nonallelic non allelic nonrecurrent. nonrecurrent recurrent. recurrent non-recurrent microhomologymediated microhomology breakinduced break induced nonhomologous joining 6 4 46.

RESUMEN Esta investigación tiene como objetivo proponer una metodología para la construcción de la Cuenta Satélite de I+D de Ecuador. Para su construcción se utilizaron como insumo el gasto de capital en I+D, el excedente neto de operación, otros impuestos menos subsidios a la producción, el consumo de capital fijo y la duplicación con Software. La metodología se basa en dos fases i) Tratamiento de la información, y ii) construcción de la cuenta satélite; tomando en consideración las aproximaciones metodológicas de Tablas de Oferta-Utilización (TOU). La investigación contribuye al mejor entendimiento y medición de la inversión en I+D en el país, destacando que el sector de Servicios es el principal generador de I+D, seguido por el sector de manufactura, y resaltando su impacto en la formación bruta de capital. Esta contribución no solo permite identificar los sectores clave impulsando la producción de I+D, sino que también puede ser fundamental para la formulación de políticas y la toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la innovación y el crecimiento económico en Ecuador. ID I D Ecuador operación Software i información ii satélite OfertaUtilización Oferta Utilización TOU. TOU . (TOU) país manufactura (TOU

ABSTRACT The objective of this research is to propose a methodology for the construction of the R&D Satellite Account of Ecuador. For its development, inputs such as R&D capital expenditure, net operating surplus, other taxes less production subsidies, fixed capital consumption, and software duplication were utilized. The methodology is based on two phases i) Treatment of information; ii) construction of the satellite account, taking into account the methodological approaches for the construction of Supply-Use Tables (SUT). The research contributes to a better understanding and measurement of the investment in R&D in the country, highlighting that the Services sector is the main generator of R&D, followed by the manufacturing sector, and emphasizing its impact on gross capital formation. This contribution not only allows for the identification of key sectors driving R&D production but can also be crucial for policy formulation and decision-making in the field of innovation and economic growth in Ecuador. RD R D Ecuador development expenditure surplus subsidies consumption utilized i information ii SupplyUse Supply Use SUT. SUT . (SUT) country formation decisionmaking decision making (SUT