Abstract Introduction: The nursing area should perform a comprehensive assessment of adolescents and young people to be able to have an early intervention in the risk habits of this part of the population. Objective: Know how the consumption of energy drinks affects the mental health of adolescents and young adults. Methodology: Systematic review using selected reports for systematic reviews and PRISMA meta-analysis, searching Web Of Science, Medline, Scopus and Pubmed databases with descriptors such as energy drinks, mental health, young adult and adolescent. The inclusion criteria included articles published between 2017 and 2022, in Spanish, English or Portuguese, in the population aged 13 to 25, excluding secondary research, editorials, letters to the editor and expert opinions, not available in full text. Identifying 372 articles, leaving a sample of 10 for analysis and methodological evaluation using CASPe guidelines. Data used were duly referenced, respecting and identifying their authors. Results: The majority were studies using cross-sectional design. Frequent consumption of energy drinks increased levels of anxiety, depression, aggression and suicidal risk, with male adolescents being more affected. Conclusions: Although there was evidence of a relationship between energy drink consumption and mental health risks, most of the research used cross-sectional designs, so it was not possible to determine causality or direction of effect. In order to study the effect of energy drink consumption in depth, longitudinal studies and interventions are required since consumption is frequent and mental health problems are on the rise.

Abstrato Introdução: A área de enfermagem deve realizar uma avaliação abrangente dos adolescentes e jovens para poder intervir precocemente nos hábitos de risco dessa parcela da população. . Objetivo: Conhecer como o consumo de bebidas energéticas afeta a saúde mental de adolescentes e adultos jovens. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática usando relatórios selecionados para revisões sistemáticas e meta-análise PRISMA, pesquisando nos bancos de dados Web Of Science, Medline, Scopus e Pubmed com descritores como bebidas energéticas, saúde mental, adultos jovens e adolescentes. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados entre 2017 e 2022, em espanhol, inglês ou português, na população de 13 a 25 anos, excluindo pesquisas secundárias, editoriais, cartas ao editor ou opiniões de especialistas, não disponíveis em texto completo. Identificando 372 artigos, restando uma amostra de 10 para análise e avaliação metodológica utilizando as diretrizes do CASPe. Os dados utilizados foram devidamente referenciados, respeitando e identificando seus autores. Resultados: A maioria era de estudos com desenho transversal. O consumo frequente de bebidas energéticas aumentou os níveis de ansiedade, depressão, agressão e risco de suicídio, sendo os adolescentes do sexo masculino os mais afetados. Conclusões: Embora houvesse evidências de uma relação entre o consumo de bebidas energéticas e os riscos à saúde mental, a maioria das pesquisas utilizou desenhos transversais, de modo que não foi possível determinar a causalidade ou a direção do efeito. Para estudar o efeito do consumo de bebidas energéticas em profundidade, são necessários estudos longitudinais e intervenções, já que o consumo é frequente e os problemas de saúde mental estão aumentando.

Resumen Introducción: Enfermería debe realizar una valoración integral de adolescentes y jóvenes para poder intervenir en forma temprana sobre hábitos de riesgo. Objetivo: Conocer cómo afecta el consumo de bebidas energéticas en la salud mental de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Metodología: Revisión sistemática empleando informes preferidos para revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis PRISMA, realizando búsqueda en bases de datos Web Of Science, Medline, Scopus y Pubmed con descriptores bebidas energéticas, salud mental, adulto joven y adolescente, los criterios de inclusión fueron; artículos publicados entre 2017 y 2022, en idioma español, inglés o portugués, en población de 13 a 25 años, excluyendo investigaciones secundarias, editoriales, cartas al editor u opiniones de expertos, no disponibles en texto completo. Identificando 372 artículos, quedando una muestra de 10 para análisis y evaluación metodológica mediante pautas CASPe. Los datos utilizados fueron debidamente referenciados, respetando e identificando a sus autores. Resultados: La mayoría fueron estudios con diseño transversal, el ser consumidor frecuente de bebidas energéticas aumentó niveles de ansiedad, depresión, agresividad y riesgo suicida, siendo más afectados los adolescentes de género masculino. Conclusiones: Si bien se evidenció relación entre consumo de bebidas energéticas y riesgos para la salud mental, la mayoría de las investigaciones utilizaron diseños transversales, por lo cual no fue posible determinar causalidad o dirección del efecto. Se requieren estudios longitudinales e intervenciónes para estudiar con profundidad el consumo de bebidas energizantes, debido a que el consumo es frecuente y los problemas de salud mental van en aumento.

Abstract During the Inka period, the populations from the Calchaquí valleys engaged in economies where the production, distribution, and consumption of goods occurred on both family and community levels, and within the larger framework of an imperial political economy, in which activities and services were subordinated to a hierarchical social integration in a previously non-existent structure. This differential participation can be evidenced through various material remains and may be observed at multiple scales. We argue that the preparation and consumption of food and drink materialize different types of social relationships and provide a valuable line of evidence for examining the two spheres of economic participation. In this paper, we carry out an initial exploration of this issue by studying organic residues preserved in six ceramic vessels from the archaeological sites of Tolombón, Pukará, and Tambo de Angastaco (Salta, Argentina) employing gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Additionally, 22 current food species from the study area were analyzed to create a more accurate comparative reference collection than those currently available. The results suggest different uses for the ceramic morphological types analyzed in the contexts of domestic and state-scale food practices in these settlements.

Resumen Durante el período Inka las poblaciones de los valles Calchaquíes participaron en economías donde la producción, distribución y consumo de bienes se dio tanto a escala familiar y/o comunitaria como en el marco de una economía política imperial, en que las actividades y servicios estuvieron supeditados a una integración social jerárquica dentro de una estructura previamente inexistente. Esta participación diferencial puede observarse a través de diversas materialidades y a diferentes escalas. Aquí partimos del supuesto que la preparación y consumo de comida y bebida materializan diferentes tipos de relaciones sociales y constituyen una línea de evidencia a través de la cual podemos observar estas dos esferas de participación. En este trabajo realizamos un primer acercamiento al problema a través del estudio de residuos orgánicos preservados en seis vasijas cerámicas procedentes de los sitios arqueológicos de Tolombón y Pukará y Tambo de Angastaco (Salta, Argentina) aplicando cromatografía gaseosa acoplada a espectrometría de masa. Asimismo, se analizaron 22 especies alimenticias actuales de la zona de estudio a fin de contar con una colección de referencia comparativa más adecuada que las disponibles actualmente. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que existió una variabilidad de usos para los distintos tipos morfológicos cerámicos analizados en contextos de prácticas alimentarias a escala doméstica y estatal en los asentamientos investigados.

ABSTRACT Due to the diversification of dairy products developed in the state of Falcón, the introduction of a fermented dairy product derived from yogurt combined with Aloe vera gel, a traditional crop of the region, is novel due to its nutritional properties and health benefits. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of a dairy drink with fermented aloe according to current regulations. Important authors such as Tamime and Robinson 1, Morillo and Toyo 2, Méndez and Romero 3 were taken as references. Product elaboration runs were carried out on a laboratory scale, in order to establish the adequate proportions of the fruity Aloe gel by mixing fruit pulp, sugar and Aloe gel, the most accepted being the 1:1:1 ratio. The physicochemical and microbiological characterization of the raw material and the finished product was carried out using the COVENIN standards and organoleptic tests to untrained judges to ensure the acceptance of the product, from which a fermented milk drink was obtained with the addition of 50 % gel of Fruity Aloe with a pH of 4,51; a titratable acidity of 0,837 % lactic acid; 3,64 % fat and 12,92 % non-fat solids. Regarding the microbiological quality, few yeasts and the absence of coliform bacteria were found, which complies with the physicochemical and microbiological requirements demanded by the regulations, allowing the obtaining of a quality product suitable for human consumption based on natural raw materials.

RESUMEN Debido a la diversificación de los productos de origen lácteo desarrollados en el estado Falcón, la introducción de un producto lácteo fermentado derivado del yogurt combinado con gel de Aloe vera, cultivo tradicional de la región, es novedoso por sus propiedades alimenticias y beneficios a la salud. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad de una bebida láctea fermentada con gel de Aloe frutado según la normativa vigente. Se tomaron como referencias importantes autores como Tamime y Robinson, (1) Morillo y Toyo, (2) Méndez y Romero. (3) Se realizaron corridas de elaboración del producto a escala de laboratorio, a fin de establecer las proporciones adecuadas del gel de Aloe frutado mezclando pulpa de fruta, azúcar y gel de Aloe, siendo la más aceptada la proporción 1:1:1. Se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica y microbiológica de la materia prima y del producto terminado mediante las normas COVENIN y pruebas organolépticas a 10 jueces no entrenados para asegurar la aceptación del producto, de donde se obtuvo una bebida láctea fermentada con la adición de 50 % de gel de Aloe frutado con un pH de 4,51; una acidez titulable de 0,837 % de ácido láctico; 3,64 % de grasa y 12,92 % de sólidos no grasos. Respecto a la calidad microbiológica se encontraron levaduras escasas y ausencia de bacterias coliformes, con lo cual se cumple con los requisitos fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos exigidos por la normativa, permitiendo la obtención de un producto de calidad apto para el consumo humano a base de materias primas naturales.

RESUMO Objetivo. Analisar diferenças sociodemográficas em termos de conhecimento, compreensão, uso e efeito da rotulagem nutricional entre adolescentes mexicanos e chilenos. Métodos. Foram realizadas pesquisas on-line entre adolescentes de 10 a 17 anos ao longo de 2019 (n=2631). Os participantes relataram que conheciam, compreendiam e usavam as tabelas de informação nutricional e a rotulagem frontal de embalagens específicas de seus respectivos países (Chile: rotulagem de advertência; México: valores diários de referência). Além disso, os participantes relataram sua percepção sobre a saudabilidade de um suco de fruta adoçado depois de ver uma de seis versões diferentes de rotulagem frontal (controle sem rótulo, Health Star Rating, rótulos de advertência, valores diários de referência, semáforo nutricional ou Nutri-Score) durante uma tarefa experimental. Resultados. Um maior conhecimento autodeclarado sobre nutrição foi associado a maior conhecimento, compreensão e uso de tabelas de informação nutricional e rotulagem frontal, com exceção do uso de rótulos de advertência. Os rótulos de advertência foram o tipo de rotulagem frontal mais efetivo para reduzir a percepção de saudabilidade do suco de fruta adoçado em comparação com o controle sem rótulo e outros tipos de rotulagem frontal. No Chile, o efeito dos valores diários de referência variou de acordo com a renda, enquanto no México o Nutri-Score variou de acordo com a idade. Conclusões. Os resultados sugerem que o conhecimento, a compreensão, o uso e o impacto da rotulagem nutricional variam de acordo com fatores demográficos, favorecendo uma renda mais alta e conhecimento sobre nutrição. Apesar disso, é provável que os rótulos de advertência tenham um impacto positivo sobre o conhecimento e os comportamentos relativos à nutrição entre adolescentes mexicanos e chilenos, independentemente do grupo sociodemográfico a que pertencem.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Examinar las diferencias sociodemográficas por lo que respecta al conocimiento, la comprensión, el uso y el efecto de las etiquetas nutricionales en adolescentes de México y Chile. Métodos. En el 2019 se efectuó una encuesta en línea en adolescentes (10 a 17 años) (n=2631). Los participantes indicaron su conocimiento, comprensión y uso de los cuadros de información nutricional y los etiquetados frontales específicos de los empaques de su país (en el caso de Chile, las etiquetas de advertencia, y en el de México, las guías diarias de alimentación (GDA). Asimismo, se llevó a cabo un experimento en el que los participantes indicaron su percepción de lo saludable que era una bebida de fruta azucarada después de ver una de sus seis versiones con diferentes etiquetas frontales en los envases (control sin etiqueta, calificación de producto saludable mediante estrellas Health Star, etiquetas de advertencia, GDA, colores del semáforo, o sistema Nutri-Score). Resultados. El autorreporte de un mayor conocimiento sobre nutrición por parte de los participantes se asoció a un mayor conocimiento, comprensión y uso de los cuadros de información nutricional y los sistemas de etiquetado frontal, excepto en el caso del uso de las etiquetas de advertencia. Las etiquetas de advertencia fueron el sistema de etiquetado frontal más eficaz para reducir la percepción saludable del producto con respecto a la bebida de fruta azucarada, en comparación con la ausencia de etiqueta y el resto de los etiquetados frontales. En Chile, el efecto de las GDA variaba en función de la adecuación del ingreso, mientras que en México el efecto del Nutri-Score difería según la edad. Conclusiones. Los resultados sugieren que el conocimiento, el uso, la comprensión y el efecto de las etiquetas nutricionales difieren entre los distintos grupos demográficos, de tal manera que son más favorables en las personas con mayores ingresos y conocimientos de nutrición. A pesar de esto, es probable que las etiquetas de advertencia tengan un impacto positivo sobre los conocimientos y los comportamientos relacionados con la nutrición en los adolescentes de México y Chile, con independencia de los grupos sociodemográficos de los que forman parte.

ABSTRACT Objective. To examine sociodemographic differences in the awareness, understanding, use and effect of nutrition labels among Mexican and Chilean youth. Methods. Online surveys among youth (10-17 years) were obtained in 2019 (n=2631). Participants reported their awareness, understanding, and use of their country-specific nutrition facts tables (NFT) and front-of-pack labels (FOPL) (Chile: warning labels [WLs]; Mexico: guideline daily amounts [GDA]). Additionally, participants reported their perceived healthfulness of a sweetened fruit drink after viewing one of six versions of it with different FOPL (no-label control, Health Star Rating, WLs, GDAs, Traffic Light, or Nutri-Score) during an experimental task. Results. Higher self-reported nutrition knowledge was associated with higher NFT and FOPL awareness, understanding, and use, except for WL use. WLs were the most effective FOPL in decreasing the perceived healthfulness of the sweetened fruit drink compared to a no-label condition and other FOP labels. In Chile, the effect of GDA differed by income adequacy, while in Mexico Nutri-Score differed by age. Conclusions. Results suggest that nutrition label awareness, use, understanding, and impact differ across demographics, favoring higher income and nutrition knowledge. Despite this, WLs are likely to have a positive impact on nutrition-related knowledge and behaviors among Mexican and Chilean youth, independently of their socio-demographic groups.

Abstract Natural compounds are possible alternatives for wound treatment, including Ilex paraguariensis, a plant with several pharmacological actions already reported, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and healing activities. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a technological and scientific mapping of Ilex paraguariensis used for healing and/or analgesic purposes. Technological prospection was carried out in the Questel-Orbit system, while the scientific research was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. The terms “Ilex paraguariensis”, “Yerba-mate”, “Painkiller”, “Analgesic”, “Wound”, “Healing”, and “Scar” were combined using Boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. The technological prospection resulted in 164 patents found initially. After sorting the abstracts, five patents were read entirely, of which three were selected. Such selected patents report using Ilex paraguariensis for analgesics, wound healing, personal care, and pharmaceutical applications. In addition, the scientific research showed a small number of studies aimed at using Ilex paraguariensis for healing and/or analgesic purposes. Among the 26 articles initially found, only 5 met the inclusion requirements. Scientific studies demonstrate that Ilex paraguariensis is used as an extract or drink, presenting promising results regarding analgesia, inflammation, and wound healing, using in vitro or in vivo models. Despite the potential of Ilex paraguariensis in skin wound therapy, our study demonstrates that few patents and scientific studies explore Ilex paraguariensis for this purpose. This fact may be an incentive for the development of further studies employing Ilex paraguariensis in cutaneous wound management and the pain associated with them. treatment reported antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, inflammatory anti-inflammatory antibacterial antioxidant activities Therefore andor purposes QuestelOrbit Questel Orbit system PubMed Science databases , paraguariensis” Yerbamate, Yerbamate Yerba mate “Yerba-mate” Painkiller, Painkiller “Painkiller” Analgesic, Analgesic “Analgesic” Wound, Wound “Wound” Healing, Healing “Healing” Scar “Scar OR “OR AND. AND . “AND” 16 abstracts entirely analgesics care applications addition 2 requirements drink analgesia inflammation models therapy purpose them “Yerba-mate “Painkiller “Analgesic “Wound “Healing “AND 1

Abstract Tea is identified as the second most consumed drink in the world, and its frequent intake is related to several benefits to human health, considering its antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, diuretic, calming, and above all, antioxidant effects. These effects are often associated with the action of the phenolic compounds contained in these infusions. In Brazil, among the most consumed infusions are the teas of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.), anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), and green/black tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Therefore, said popularity is the reason why the mentioned species were chosen to be evaluated on inflammatory enzymes. The activity of phospholipases A2 was reduced by more than 25% after treatment with black tea and yerba mate. The most significant inhibition of protease activity was observed after incubation with black tea (40.74%), green tea (31.48%) and yerba mate (25.93%). Infusions of black and green tea reduced hemolysis in semisolid and liquid media, and for the latter, reductions of up to 50% of hemolytic activity were observed, indicating an anti-inflammatory potential of the samples. Plasma incubations with green tea, black tea and lemon balm and subsequent addition of venom (1:10 ratio; tea:PBS, v:v) prolonged the coagulation time of citrated plasma by approximately twice compared to the positive control. All controls with pure tea had a thrombolytic character, in higher proportions than the venom control, especially chamomile (273.55% dissolution). Phenolic compounds derived from phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins are identified as the main agents that promote the biological effects observed in this study. This is mainly due to their anti-catalytic properties exerted on inflammatory enzymes and as chelating agents of enzymatic co-factors. The evaluated teas showed potential for nutraceutical use, thus pointing to the possibility of use as an adjuvant in the treatment of diseases linked to hemostasis. world health antimutagenic anticarcinogenic antimicrobial antiinflammatory, antiinflammatory anti inflammatory, antihistamine diuretic calming all Brazil Matricaria L., L L. , L.) Cymbopogon D.C. DC D C (D.C. Stapf, Stapf Stapf) Melissa Pimpinella Ilex A St.Hil, StHil St. Hil St St.-Hil) Mentha greenblack Camellia L.. . Therefore 25 40.74%, 4074 40.74% 40 74 (40.74%) 31.48% 3148 31 48 (31.48% 25.93%. 2593 25.93% 93 (25.93%) media latter 50 samples 110 1 10 (1:1 ratio teaPBS, teaPBS PBS, PBS tea:PBS vv v v:v control character 273.55% 27355 273 55 (273.55 dissolution. dissolution dissolution) acids flavonoids study anticatalytic catalytic cofactors. cofactors co factors. factors co-factors hemostasis D.C (D.C St.Hil St.-Hil 2 407 40.74 4 7 (40.74% 31.48 314 3 (31.48 259 25.93 9 (25.93% 5 11 (1: 273.55 2735 27 (273.5 40.7 (40.74 31.4 (31.4 25.9 (25.93 (1 273.5 (273. 40. (40.7 31. (31. 25. (25.9 ( 273. (273 (40. (31 (25. (27 (40 (3 (25 (2 (4

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Infantile colic has a multifactorial etiology. Recent studies have suggested that probiotics may be effective in its management. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the Actiregularis strain (5×106 cfu\ml) included in maternal nutrition on gastrointestinal problems, growth development, and breastfeeding outcomes in infantile colic. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in the neonatal outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital in Turkey. METHODS: A probiotic drink containing the Actiregularis (5×106 cfu\ml) strain was added to the diet of mothers in the probiotics group once daily for 15 consecutive days. Data were collected for each infant’s 0th (birth), 1st, 4th, and 6th months. RESULTS: Infants whose mothers were administered Actiregularis for 15 days had decreased crying intensity (P = 0.000). When the difference in breastfeeding rates between the groups was significant at the 4th and 6th months (P = 0.044; P = 0.035). There was no difference in anthropometric values except the babies’ weights at the 6th month. (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Infants treated with Actiregularis, which was added to their mothers’ diet for 15 days, showed a decrease in the frequency of crying, and the difference in breastfeeding rates between the groups was significant at the 4th and 6th months. There was no difference in anthropometric values except the babies’ weights at the 6th month. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT04374955 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/). BACKGROUND etiology management OBJECTIVE 5×106 5106 5 106 (5×10 cfu\ml cfuml cfu ml problems development SETTING Turkey METHODS 1 infants infant s th birth, birth , (birth) 1st st RESULTS 0.000. 0000 0.000 . 0 000 0.000) 0.044 0044 044 0.035. 0035 0.035 035 0.035) babies month 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) CONCLUSION REGISTRATION NCT NCT0437495 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/. httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2show httpsclinicaltrialsgovctshow https //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ clinicaltrials gov ct2 show ct (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/) 5×10 510 10 (5×1 (birth 0.00 00 0.04 004 04 003 0.03 03 NCT043749 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ httpsclinicaltrialsgovct clinicaltrialsgovct2show clinicaltrialsgovctshow //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ 5×1 51 (5× 0.0 NCT04374 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show clinicaltrialsgovct (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show 5× (5 0. NCT0437 ( NCT043 NCT04 NCT0

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar os fatores associados ao policonsumo de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas, entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos. Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (2019). A variável desfecho foi o relato de consumo das três substâncias nos últimos 30 dias. As variáveis independentes foram agrupadas em quatro blocos: características sociodemográficas; contexto familiar; situações estressoras; aspectos comportamentais. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis com p<0,05. A prevalência de policonsumo em adolescentes escolares foi 3,3%. No modelo final, sexo masculino, morar na região Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, faltar a escola sem permissão, pais não saberem o que fazem no tempo livre, ter pais fumantes, sofrer agressão física pelos pais, sentir que a vida não vale a pena ser vivida, experimentar bebida alcoólica e drogas ilícitas antes dos 13 anos, ter amigos que bebem bebida alcoólica, fumam e usam drogas na sua presença permaneceram associados ao desfecho. Os dados mostram alta prevalência de policonsumo de três substâncias entre adolescentes e sua associação a fatores sociodemográficos, familiares, comportamentais e a eventos estressantes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with concurrent alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among Brazilian schoolchildren aged 13-17. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 National School-Based Health Survey. The outcome was use of the three substances during the last 30 days. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was carried out with independent variables grouped into four blocks: sociodemographic characteristics; family context; behavioral aspects; and stressors. Variables with p<0.05 were retained in the final model. The prevalence of concurrent substance use was 3.3%. Being male, living in the Midwest, South and Southeast, skipping school without parent permission, parents not knowing what their children do in their free time, having parents who smoke, having experienced physical aggression from parents, feeling that life is not worth living, trying drinking and illicit drugs before the age of 13, and having friends who drink alcohol, smoke and use drugs in their presence remained associated with the outcome in the final model. The findings reveal high prevalence of concurrent alcohol, cigarette and illicit drug use among adolescents and that poly use is associated with sociodemographic, family, and behavioral factors and stressors.

Abstract To evaluate the effect of acidic challenge on erosion depth and topographic characteristics of different materials used as occlusal sealants. Two hundred specimens of five sealant materials (Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, Fuji II, Equia and Clinpro) and forty bovine teeth enamel samples (control) were prepared and exposed to acidic challenge. The specimens were immersed in four different solutions (orange juice, coke drink, citric acid or distilled water) under mildly shaken conditions for 3 days. The erosion depth profiles were measured using a profilometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test was performed to evaluate the interactions. Sealant material and acidic challenge had significant effects on erosion depth. Among the materials, Fuji II presented the highest mean of erosion depth after immersion in orange juice, coke drink, and citric acid. All materials groups presented higher erosion depth values after immersion in the citric acid solution, except Clinpro. Bovine enamel presented higher erosion depth values compared to all materials when submitted to erosive challenge. Sealant materials submitted to the acidic challenge presented different degrees of erosion and topographic modification; however, they are less susceptible to erosion than bovine teeth enamel. sealants IX Molar Clinpro control (control juice drink water days SEM. SEM . (SEM) Twoway way posthoc post hoc interactions solution modification however (SEM

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with concurrent alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among Brazilian schoolchildren aged 13-17. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 National School-Based Health Survey. The outcome was use of the three substances during the last 30 days. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was carried out with independent variables grouped into four blocks: sociodemographic characteristics; family context; behavioral aspects; and stressors. Variables with p<0.05 were retained in the final model. The prevalence of concurrent substance use was 3.3%. Being male, living in the Midwest, South and Southeast, skipping school without parent permission, parents not knowing what their children do in their free time, having parents who smoke, having experienced physical aggression from parents, feeling that life is not worth living, trying drinking and illicit drugs before the age of 13, and having friends who drink alcohol, smoke and use drugs in their presence remained associated with the outcome in the final model. The findings reveal high prevalence of concurrent alcohol, cigarette and illicit drug use among adolescents and that poly use is associated with sociodemographic, family, and behavioral factors and stressors. alcohol 1317. 1317 13 17. 17 13-17 crosssectional cross sectional 201 SchoolBased School Based Survey 3 days blocks characteristics context aspects stressors p005 p 0 05 p<0.0 model 33 3.3% male Midwest Southeast permission time 131 1 13-1 20 p00 p<0. 3.3 13- 2 p0 p<0 3. p<

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar os fatores associados ao policonsumo de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas, entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos. Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (2019). A variável desfecho foi o relato de consumo das três substâncias nos últimos 30 dias. As variáveis independentes foram agrupadas em quatro blocos: características sociodemográficas; contexto familiar; situações estressoras; aspectos comportamentais. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis com p<0,05. A prevalência de policonsumo em adolescentes escolares foi 3,3%. No modelo final, sexo masculino, morar na região Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, faltar a escola sem permissão, pais não saberem o que fazem no tempo livre, ter pais fumantes, sofrer agressão física pelos pais, sentir que a vida não vale a pena ser vivida, experimentar bebida alcoólica e drogas ilícitas antes dos 13 anos, ter amigos que bebem bebida alcoólica, fumam e usam drogas na sua presença permaneceram associados ao desfecho. Os dados mostram alta prevalência de policonsumo de três substâncias entre adolescentes e sua associação a fatores sociodemográficos, familiares, comportamentais e a eventos estressantes. Objetivouse Objetivou se álcool 1 anos transversal 2019. 2019 . (2019) 3 dias blocos sociodemográficas familiar estressoras hierarquizada p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 33 3,3% masculino CentroOeste, CentroOeste Centro Oeste, Oeste Centro-Oeste Sudeste permissão livre fumantes vivida sociodemográficos familiares estressantes 201 (2019 p00 p<0,0 3,3 20 (201 p0 p<0, 3, 2 (20 p<0 (2 p< (

RESUMEN El mezcal es una bebida espirituosa de profundo valor histórico y cultural. La mayor parte de la producción se obtiene artesanalmente en comunidades rurales e indígenas de Oaxaca, en México, donde el trabajo de las familias es fundamental. Este artículo analiza las relaciones de género, clase y etnicidad en la historia de una familia zapoteca dedicada a la producción de mezcal en San Baltazar Guelavila, Oaxaca. Los métodos utilizados fueron desde historia oral, cuestionarios, talleres, hasta entrevistas que dieron lugar a una genealogía familiar. Identificandose cinco épocas en la producción de mezcal a lo largo del siglo XX que ilustran el proceso de apropiación de productos de pueblos originarios por parte del Estado y el capital. La desigualdad de género se expresa en la invisibilidad de los aportes femeninos, el feminicidio y el acceso diferenciado de las mujeres a recursos productivos y oportunidades educativas. Se concluye resaltando la necesidad de analizar a la cultura del mezcal desde la perspectiva de interseccionalidad de género.

ABSTRACT Mezcal is a spirit drink of profound historical and cultural value. Most of the production is handcrafted in rural and indigenous communities of Oaxaca, Mexico, where family labor is fundamental. This article analyzes gender, class and ethnicity relations in the history of a Zapotec family dedicated to mezcal production in San Baltazar Guelavila, Oaxaca. The methods used ranged from oral history, questionnaires, workshops, to interviews that resulted in a family genealogy. Five epochs in the production of mezcal throughout the 20th century were identified, which illustrate the process of appropriation of products from native peoples by the State and capital. Gender inequality is expressed in the invisibility of women’s contributions, femicide and the differentiated access of women to productive resources and educational opportunities. We conclude by highlighting the need to analyze mezcal culture from the perspective of gender intersectionality.

Energy drinks are nonalcoholic beverages whose main ingredients are sugar, taurine, and caffeine. The consumption of energy drinks is increasing worldwide, but only a few conflicting studies have investigated the vascular effects of energy drinks in young adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate microvascular reactivity before and after energy drinks consumption in young healthy male volunteers. This was a cross-sectional prospective study. Microvascular reactivity signals were evaluated in the skin of the forearm using laser speckle contrast imaging with acetylcholine (ACh) iontophoresis before and 90 and 180 min after the randomized consumption of one ED or the same volume of water (control), followed by a postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) test. Thirty-two volunteers were evaluated (age: 25.4±4.3 years). Energy drink consumption prevented the rest-induced reduction in cutaneous vascular conductance over time that was observed in the control group. In the control group, there were significant reductions in microvascular vasodilation at 90 and 180 min compared to baseline (P=0.004), but this was not the case in the energy drink group (P=0.76). Our results demonstrated that the reduction in microvascular conductance associated with prolonged immobility can be prevented by the consumption of one energy drink, highlighting the vasodilator effects of this beverage in young individuals at rest. The between-study variability in terms of the brand of energy drinks and the ingested volume, as well as the method of vascular evaluation and the inclusion criteria, may explain the discrepancies among previous studies on the vascular effects of energy drinks. sugar taurine caffeine worldwide adults crosssectional cross sectional ACh (ACh 9 18 control, , (control) PORH (PORH test Thirtytwo Thirty two age (age 25443 25 4 3 25.4±4. years. years . years) restinduced rest induced P=0.004, P0004 P P=0.004 0 004 (P=0.004) P=0.76. P076 P=0.76 76 (P=0.76) betweenstudy between criteria 1 (control 2544 2 25.4±4 P000 P=0.00 00 (P=0.004 P07 P=0.7 7 (P=0.76 254 25.4± P00 P=0.0 (P=0.00 P0 P=0. (P=0.7 25.4 (P=0.0 P=0 (P=0. 25. P= (P=0 (P= (P

Abstract Symbiotic fermented kinds of milk are products with probiotic microorganisms and a simultaneous prebiotic effect. The presence of fibers or oligosaccharides causes it. This work aimed to evaluate and model fermented milk beverage production with probiotic microorganisms and in situ Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) synthesis. GOS enzymatic production was maximized through the mathematical model, and finally, the mathematical prediction was experimentally validated. For this purpose, the enzymatic kinetics of GOS production from Aspergillus oryzae β-galactosidase enzyme was experimentally evaluated for different initial lactose concentrations (30%, 35%, and 40% w/v) and enzyme/lactose ratio (R: 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%). In addition, the fermentative kinetics of lactic acid and biomass production were evaluated using the probiotic strain Lactobacillus acidophilus. The parameters correlation for both models was then performed. A unified model determined the process conditions that maximize GOS concentration in the fermented milk beverage. According to the model, the operating values that maximized the GOS production were 40% of initial lactose, R: 0.15%, 20 min of enzymatic reaction, and 17 h of fermentative reaction. The final fermented milk drink showed a GOS content of 2.9 g/portion of 200 g, guaranteeing the recommended daily values of the prebiotic with the consumption of two servings. effect it (GOS synthesis finally validated purpose βgalactosidase β galactosidase 30%, 30 (30% 35 35% 40 w/v wv w v enzymelactose R (R 02 0 2 0.2% 04 4 0.4% 0.6%. 06 0.6% . 6 0.6%) addition acidophilus performed 015 15 0.15% reaction 1 29 9 2. gportion g portion servings 30% 3 (30 0.2 0.4 0.6 01 0.15 (3 0. 0.1 (

Abstract Using Amazonian fruits to flavor kombuchas is a promising proposal, as it adds nutritional value to the drink. This work sought to develop kombucha flavored with Amazonian fruits and evaluate the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of the formulations. Three kombucha formulations were prepared using green tea (Camellia sinensis) and three Amazonian fruits: cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum), tapereba (Spondias lutea L.) and bacuri (Platonia insignis). Kombucha fermentations were evaluated before and after the insertion of nectars through the analysis of phenolic compounds, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity. Analyzes of pH, total sugars, acetic acid, ethanol, and microbiological characterization of final formulations were also carried out. For the first fermentation, were found values of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of 30.60 ± 0.93 mg EAG/L and 295.02 ± 5.59 µmol ET/mL, and the formulation with tapereba showed the highest values for total phenolic compounds (34.92 ± 12.25 mg EAG/L), antioxidant capacity (320.57 ± 9.53 µmol ET/mL) and vitamin C (198.25 mg/100g). Thus, the formulations developed had a crucial nutritional appeal to stimulate consumption by the population, in addition to enabling the valorization and addition of commercial value to the Amazonian fruits used. proposal drink Camellia sinensis Theobroma grandiflorum, grandiflorum , grandiflorum) Spondias L. L Platonia insignis. insignis . insignis) pH sugars acid ethanol out fermentation 3060 30 60 30.6 093 0 93 0.9 EAGL EAG 29502 295 02 295.0 559 5 59 5.5 ETmL ET mL ET/mL 34.92 3492 34 92 (34.9 1225 12 25 12.2 EAG/L, EAG/L) 320.57 32057 320 57 (320.5 953 9 53 9.5 198.25 19825 198 (198.2 mg/100g. mg100g mgg mg/100g 100g g mg/100g) Thus population used 306 3 6 30. 09 0. 2950 29 295. 55 5. 34.9 349 (34. 122 1 2 12. 320.5 3205 32 (320. 95 9. 198.2 1982 19 (198. 34. (34 320. (320 198. (198 (3 (32 (19 ( (1

Abstract Tartrazine (Tz) is a widely used synthetic food colorant that has raised health concerns due to its potential adverse effects. Developing sensitive and reliable methods for Tz detection in food products is crucial for ensuring consumer safety. In this study, Sr-doped ZnO nanoparticles with varying doping levels (0–7 mol%) were synthesized by mechanical milling and applied as an electrochemical sensor for detecting Tz in sports drinks. The ZnO-Sr modified carbon paste electrode (CPE), with an optimal Sr doping level of 5 mol%, exhibited the best sensing performance under optimized conditions of pH 7.0 and an accumulation time of 180 s. The sensor demonstrated a linear range from 1 to 1000 μM, a detection limit of 0.3 μM, and a sensitivity of 0.38 μA/μM for Tz identification. This performance surpasses that of many previously reported electrochemical Tz sensors. The ZnO-Sr modified CPE showed good reproducibility (RSD 3.2%), long-term stability (91.2% current retention after one month), and high selectivity against common interferents. The sensor’s practical applicability was validated by determining Tz in commercial sports drink samples, with results in good agreement with a standard UV-Vis spectrophotometric method (relative errors < 5%). Recovery tests (97.2–103.5%) further confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the proposed sensor. This work presents a simple, sensitive, and reliable approach for monitoring Tz levels in food products, addressing important food safety and human health concerns. (Tz effects study Srdoped doped 0–7 07 0 7 (0– mol% mol drinks ZnOSr CPE, , (CPE) 70 7. 18 s 100 μM 03 3 0. 038 38 μAμM μA identification sensors RSD 3.2%, 32 3.2% 2 3.2%) longterm long term 91.2% 912 91 (91.2 month, month month) interferents samples UVVis UV Vis relative 5%. 5% . 5%) 97.2–103.5% 9721035 97 103 (97.2–103.5% simple 0– (0 (CPE 10 3.2 91.2 9 (91. 97.2–103.5 972103 (97.2–103.5 ( 3. 91. (91 97.2–103. 97210 (97.2–103. (9 97.2–103 9721 (97.2–103 97.2–10 972 (97.2–10 97.2–1 (97.2–1 97.2– (97.2– 97.2 (97.2 97. (97. (97