Lean six sigma (LSS) is 'n belangrike besigheidstrategie vir organisasies, insluitend klein en mediumgrootte ondernemings (KMO's). Oor die jare het KMO's 'n potensieel beduidende impak op verskeie lande se bruto binnelandse produk (BBP) gehad. Die hoofdoel van hierdie navorsing is om die kritieke suksesfaktore (CSF's) vir lean six sigma (LSS) implementering in die Koninkryk van Saoedi-Arabië se KMO's te ondersoek, en om by te dra tot die ontdekking van die faktore wat lei tot besigheidsukses, verhoogde inkomste en verbeterde mededingende voordele. Die studie het 29 faktore uit vorige navorsing geïdentifiseer ten einde die suksesvolle implementering van LSS in die KMO-sektor in veral Saoedi-Arabië te lei. Die CSF's is verfyn, wat 'n gekonsolideerde lys van 14 faktore opgelewer het. 'n Hoofkomponent-analise (PCA) het vier hooffaktore geïdentifiseer: leierskapondersteuning en bestuurstruktuur, tegnologiese vermoëns, kennisverkryging, en kreatiwiteit en innovasie. Hierdie faktore kan die sukses van KMO's in Saoedi-Arabië beïnvloed deur LSS in hul besigheidsprosesse aan te neem.

Lean six sigma (LSS) is an important business strategy for organisations, including small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Over the years, SMEs have had a potentially significant impact on various countries' gross domestic product (GDP). The main purpose of this research is to investigate the critical success factors (CSFs) for lean six sigma (LSS) implementation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's SMEs, and to contribute to discovering the factors that lead to business success, increase revenue, and enhanced competitive advantages. The study identified 29 factors from previous research in order to guide the successful implementation of LSS in the SME sector in Saudi Arabia in particular. The CSFs were refined, producing a consolidated list of 14 factors. A principal components analysis (PCA) identified four main factors: leadership support and management structure, technological capabilities, knowledge acquisition, and creativity and innovation. These factors could influence the success of SMEs in Saudi Arabia by adopting LSS in their business processes.

RESUMEN Las floraciones de cianobacterias tóxicas constituyen un problema global cada vez más frecuente, debido a la eutrofización, los efectos del cambio climático y a un mayor esfuerzo de vigilancia en los ecosistemas acuáticos. En Cuba se han muestreado varios ecosistemas en la región oriental, demostrando que este riesgo existe en aguas superficiales e interiores, debido a las condiciones climáticas, principalmente en pequeños ecosistemas con grandes presiones humanas. Sin embargo, otras zonas están aún inexploradas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue implementar un protocolo de gestión de riesgos en la Laguna San Blas, debido a la presencia de cianobacterias tóxicas en el ecosistema, a raíz de un reporte comunitario, con muerte de animales domésticos y silvestres; olor desagradable y síntomas dermatológicos en humanos. Se implementó un protocolo de gestión y acciones comunitarias para minimizar el impacto de las cianobacterias tóxicas. En este pequeño reservorio eutrófico se confirmó la presencia de una floración mixta de cianobacterias toxigénicas, siendo mayoritaria Spherospermopsis torques-reginae, identificándose otras nueve especies asociadas a la producción de microcistinas, anatoxinas y/o cilindrospermopsinas. Se implementaron acciones estratégicas para contener la situación de riesgo, con la participación de la comunidad y expertos, liderados por el Laboratorio de Criminalística de Camagüey.

ABSTRACT Toxic cyanobacteria blooms are an increasingly common global problem due to eutrophication, the effects of climate change and increased surveillance efforts in aquatic ecosystems. In Cuba, several ecosystems have been analyzed in the eastern region, demonstrating that this risk occurs to surface and inland waters, due to climatic conditions, mainly in small ecosystems with great human pressures. However, other areas are still unexplored. The objective of this work was to implement a risk management protocol in the San Blas Lagoon, Camaguey, due to the presence of toxic cyanobacteria in the ecosystem, following a community report, with the death of domestic and wild animals; unpleasant odors and dermatological symptoms in humans. A management protocol and community actions were implemented to minimize the impact of toxic cyanobacteria. In this small eutrophic reservoir, the presence of a mixed bloom of toxigenic cyanobacteria was confirmed, being Spherospermopsis torques-reginae the majority, as well as other nine species associated with the production of microcystins, anatoxins and/or cylindrospermopsins were identified. Strategic actions were implemented to contain the risk situation, with the participation of the community and experts, led by the Camagüey Criminalistics Laboratory.

Resumo Quando uma edificação é demolida, a sua estrutura, unitária e planeada, é desintegrada em incontáveis fragmentos. Heterogéneos e desordenados, estes fragmentos borram os limites entre o que era privado - o espaço doméstico - e o que é público - o terreno antes ocupado. Em 2019, encontrei uma fotografia familiar entre os escombros da demolição das últimas torres do Bairro do Aleixo, no Porto. Este foi um conjunto de habitação pública construído na década de 1970 para realojar famílias da Ribeira-Barredo, deslocadas por uma reabilitação urbana. Ao longo do tempo, as cinco torres abrigaram uma população numerosa e mutável que se apropriou desse modelo de habitação até então incomum. Entre 2011 e 2019, o Aleixo foi alvo de três operações de demolição, politicamente justificadas por sua degradação estrutural e social. As duas primeiras foram implosões espetaculares e televisionadas, enquanto a última, que presenciei, foi uma lenta desconstrução que durou meses. Na fotografia, uma mulher vestida de branco posa numa varanda da Torre 1 do antigo Bairro do Aleixo. Ao fundo, paira o esqueleto fálico da Torre 4, implodida décadas depois. Quando encontrada, a fotografia, arruinada pelo tempo e pelas circunstâncias, sugeria uma afinidade conceptual com os escombros que a cercavam. Neste artigo, detenho-me sobre essa fotografia encontrada, objetivando desvelar os processos e as tensões armazenadas nesse fragmento. Recorro às relações ontológicas entre fotografia e morte, também entre fotografia e ruína, para analisar a imagem espectral desse sítio obliterado. Desenvolvo o que o encontro com ela pode indicar sobre a memória do bairro, a sua imagem pública, assim como o longo e violento processo de remoção dos seus moradores. Chego à noção de “imagem-escombro” como chave de leitura para esse vestígio quase desaparecido que afirma teimosamente a persistência de um lugar dissidente e complexo, pretensamente apagado do espaço público e suprimido da memória urbana pelas sensibilidades dominantes.

Abstract When a building is demolished, its cohesive and planned structure fractures into countless fragments. These heterogeneous and disorganised fragments blur the boundaries between what was once private - the domestic space - and what is now public - the formerly occupied land. In 2019, I stumbled upon a family photograph amidst the rubble left by the demolition of the last towers of the Bairro do Aleixo in Porto. Constructed in the 1970s, this was a public housing estate designed to accommodate families from Ribeira-Barredo who had been displaced due to urban redevelopment. Throughout the years, the five towers have hosted a sizable and fluctuating population that has adapted and made use of this previously unconventional housing model. From 2011 to 2019, Aleixo underwent three demolition operations, politically supported by arguments citing its structural and social deterioration as justification. The first two were striking implosions broadcasted on television, whereas the final demolition, which I witnessed, unfolded as a slow deconstruction spanning several months. In the photograph, the woman dressed in white poses on a balcony of Tower 1 within the old Bairro do Aleixo. In the background stands the phallic skeleton of Tower 4, which would be imploded decades later. Upon its unearthing, the photograph, weathered by time and circumstance, hinted at a conceptual connection with the debris surrounding it. In this article, my focus centres on this found photograph, aiming to unveil the processes and tensions encapsulated within this fragment. I draw on the ontological connections between photography and death, as well as between photography and ruin, to analyse the spectral image of this obliterated site. I delve into what the encounter with this image might reveal about the memory of the neighbourhood, its public image, and the extensive and violent process of displacing its residents. I reach the concept of a "rubble-image" as pivotal in interpreting this nearly vanished imprint that stubbornly affirms the persistence of a dissenting and complex place, supposedly erased from public space and suppressed from urban memory by dominant sensibilities.

Resumen Introducción: Diferentes investigaciones demuestran que la permanencia de las poblaciones migrantes en Argentina puede generar mejoras en sus condiciones de vida. El artículo se desarrolla a partir del análisis de las diversas trayectorias que tienen las mujeres migrantes, trabajadoras domésticas, cuando permanecen en el país. Objetivo: El trabajo propone reconstruir, de manera retrospectiva, los diferentes movimientos en las trayectorias de las mujeres migrantes, tanto dentro como hacia afuera del sector del trabajo doméstico. Se intentan vislumbrar las limitaciones y posibilidades del contexto local y analizar los propios sentidos que las trabajadoras le otorgan a estas circulaciones. Metodología: El artículo se basa en una investigación cualitativa que incluye 40 entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres migrantes, en AMBA y Córdoba, que son o fueron empleadas domésticas en algún momento de su trayectoria laboral. Resultados: Se reconstruyen tres formas de movilidad: la movilidad horizontal dentro del sector, las formas de salida intermitente y la salida definitiva. En cada una de ellas, el análisis se centra en la perspectiva de las propias trabajadoras. Conclusiones: Los resultados reflejan la importancia de la articulación entre trabajo doméstico remunerado y no remunerado. Asimismo, permite dar cuenta de tres cuestiones principales: en primer lugar, que salir del entorno del trabajo doméstico no siempre significa «mejorar» desde la perspectiva de las propias trabajadoras; en segundo lugar, que se puede «mejorar» siendo trabajadora doméstica; y, en tercer lugar, que existen trayectorias de movilidad social ascendente entre las mujeres migrantes trabajadoras domésticas.

Abstract Introduction: Research has shown that the permanence of the migrant population in Argentina can generate certain improvements in their living conditions. The article is developed from the analysis of the diverse trajectories that migrant women, domestic workers, have when they remain in the country. Objective: The article proposes to reconstruct, in retrospect, the different movements in the trajectories of migrant women, both inside and outside the domestic work sector. It examines the limitations and possibilities of the local context and the meanings that migrant domestic workers give to labor circulations. Methodology: The article is based on a qualitative research developed in AMBA and Córdoba, that includes 40 in-depth interviews with migrant women who are or were domestic workers at some point in their labor trajectories. Results: Three types of mobility are considered: horizontal mobility within domestic sector, intermittent inputs and outputs within the sector, and the ultimate exit. In each case, the article emphasizes the viewpoints of the workers themselves. Conclusions: The results show the importance of the linkage between paid and unpaid domestic work. It also sets out three main issues: firstly, that leaving the domestic work does not always mean «improving» from the perspective of the workers themselves; secondly, that one can «improve» by being a domestic worker; and, thirdly, that there are trajectories of upward social mobility among migrant domestic workers.

Abstract Mexico’s school enrolment in the 2021-2022 school year corresponds to 5.07 million students (5.5 % in higher technical and normal levels; 86.2 % in bachelor’s degrees; 7.2 % in specialties and master’s degrees; 1.1 % in doctorates), representing 4 % of the total national population. The article is structured on the basis of the deductive method and with a quantitative archetype; its objective is to determine the correlation between the higher education student population and economic growth and human development. It is hypothesized that higher education will contribute significantly to the achievement of these objectives, in the first instance to try to achieve economic growth, and then to gain access to economic, social, sustainable and human development. The hypothesis was confirmed that in Mexico during the period from 2010 to 2022, the highest number of higher education students can explain 82.6 % of the variations experienced in the increase of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or economic growth. It was considered that the highest levels of education in the country (doctorate and master’s degrees) would have a decisive influence on the increase in GDP (economic growth) and a better position in the Human Development Index (HDI), but it turned out that the most influential variable in the estimated linear regressions is enrolment at the bachelor’s degree.

Resumen La matrícula escolar de México en el ciclo escolar 2021-2022 corresponde a 5,07 millones de alumnos (5,5 % en nivel técnico superior y normal, 86,2 % en licenciatura, 7,2 % en especialidad y maestría, y 1,1 % en doctorado), representando el 4 % de la población total nacional. El artículo se estructura con base en el método deductivo y con un arquetipo cuantitativo, teniendo como objetivo conocer el estado de correlación existente entre el universo estudiantil de educación superior con el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo humano. Se parte de la hipótesis que la educación superior contribuirá significativamente al logro de estos objetivos, en primera instancia, para tratar de alcanzar el crecimiento económico, y después, para lograr tener acceso al desarrollo económico, social, sustentable y humano. Se confirmó la hipótesis de que, en México, durante el período de 2010 a 2022, el mayor número de alumnado de nivel superior puede explicar el 82,6 % de las variaciones experimentadas en el aumento del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) o crecimiento económico. Se consideraba que los más altos niveles de estudios en el país (doctorado y maestría) influirían de forma determinante en el incremento del PIB (crecimiento económico) y en una mejor posición del Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH), pero resultó que la variable más influyente en las regresiones lineales estimadas es la matrícula de nivel licenciatura.

Abstract The concept of vertex geography is proposed as the space in which executive mothers are simultaneously present in the domestic and work environments through the virtuality facilitated by technological devices (cell phone, computer, tablet). 16 mothers in Monterrey between 36 and 45 years old with a managerial position were interviewed to detect what the dynamics are like within the vertex geography and what are its spatial and discursive limits. The results are exposed from narratives of self-representation in this space, which allow to conclude that the use of technological devices perpetuates the double shift of the interviewees; but also, that its use defies the rule of physical closeness as the only way to exercise motherhood.

Resumen Se propone el concepto de geografía vértice como el espacio en el cual las madres ejecutivas se hacen presentes simultáneamente en los ámbitos doméstico y laboral a través de la virtualidad facilitada por dispositivos tecnológicos (celular, computadora, tableta). Se entrevistaron a 16 madres regiomontanas de 36 a 45 años, con un puesto gerencial, para detectar cómo son las dinámicas dentro de la geografía vértice y cuáles son sus límites espaciales y discursivos. Los resultados se exponen a partir de narrativas de autorrepresentación en este espacio, los cuales permiten concluir que el uso de dispositivos tecnológicos perpetúa la doble jornada de las entrevistadas; pero también que su utilización desafía la regla de la cercanía física como única vía para ejercer maternidad.

Abstract This article seeks to contribute to the debate on the social inclusion of women from popular sectors. Recovering conceptual contributions from feminist perspectives of economics and feminist geography, we seek to reflect on different collective forms of care and reproduction of life developed by women from popular sectors. We will consider how the spatial dimension and the possibility of transforming domestic and neighborhood material spaces are put into play. The analysis is based on the results of an ethnographic research carried out with members of the Argentina Trabaja and Ellas Hacen programs in Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. I will explore the links between spatiality and care through three axes: the generation of collaborative networks among women to solve child care; the development of collective forms of reproduction of life through the renovation and improvement of domestic and neighborhood spaces; and the production of community care spaces for children. My analysis seeks to contribute to the discussions regarding the promotion of social inclusion of women from popular sectors addressing the inequalities present in the current social organization of care in a situated way that considers the times and spatialities involved and the way in which the material spaces condition its development.

Resumen Este artículo pretende aportar al debate acerca de las modalidades de intervención estatal en torno a la inclusión social de mujeres de sectores populares. Se recuperan aportes conceptuales de miradas feministas de la economía y de la geografía feminista para reflexionar acerca de las conexiones entre el desarrollo de prácticas colectivas de cuidado y las espacialidades. El trabajo recoge resultados de una investigación etnográfica realizada junto a titulares de los programas Argentina Trabaja y Ellas Hacen, en el Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina. El análisis se organiza en torno a tres ejes: la generación de tramas colaborativas dirigidas a resolver el cuidado infantil; el desarrollo de formas colectivas de reproducción de la vida a través de la refacción y mejora de las casas y la producción de espacios comunitarios de cuidado infantil. Se resalta la importancia de considerar las desigualdades presentes en la actual organización social de los cuidados a la hora de proponer iniciativas dirigidas a fomentar la inclusión social de las mujeres de sectores populares, desarrollando análisis que aborden a estos cuidados de forma situada; considerando los tiempos y espacialidades involucrados y el modo en que los espacios materiales condicionan su desarrollo.

Abstract The way in which a society manages and provides the necessary care for its survival and reproduction is not gender neutral. This organization works, for the most part, due to the large amount of unpaid work carried out by women in the family sphere, thus affecting their equality, freedom, and dignity. This document identifies, first, the components that make up the current social organization of care in Latin America based on three dimensions of analysis: (a) sociocultural; (b) political and (c) economic. And, secondly, it proposes a selection of mechanisms that could contribute to transforming the components of that organization. The theoretical proposal of “implosion of care regimes” by Juliana Martínez Franzoni (2021) is taken as a starting point to propose a series of strategies that would contribute to dismantling the current social organization of care in the region. The work finds that, in an articulated way, these three analytical categories show the way in which women are held responsible as primary caregivers; certain public policies contribute to crystallizing gender roles that specialize women in care work and relegate them to the domestic world; and finally, it shows that the logic of the labor market responds, mainly, to a male provider model without family responsibilities, which contributes to maintaining and reproducing inequality against women.

Resumen La forma en la cual una sociedad gestiona y provee los cuidados necesarios para su supervivencia y reproducción no es neutral al género. Dicha organización funciona, en gran parte, debido a la enorme cantidad de trabajo no remunerado que realizan las mujeres en el ámbito familiar, afectando así su igualdad, libertad y dignidad. Este documento identifica, en primer lugar, los componentes que conforman la organización social de los cuidados en América Latina a partir de tres dimensiones de análisis: (a) sociocultural; (b) política y (c) económica. Y, en segundo lugar, propone una selección de mecanismos que podrían contribuir a transformar los componentes que conforman esa organización. Se toma como punto de partida la propuesta teórica de “implosión de los regímenes de cuidados” de Juliana Martínez Franzoni (2021) para proponer una serie de estrategias que contribuirían a desmontar la actual organización social de los cuidados en la región. El trabajo encuentra que, en forma articulada, estas tres categorías analíticas evidencian la forma bajo la cual se responsabiliza a las mujeres como cuidadoras primarias; ciertas políticas públicas contribuyen a cristalizar roles de género que especializan a las mujeres en el trabajo de cuidados y las relega al mundo doméstico; y finalmente, pone en evidencia que la lógica del mercado laboral responde, principalmente, a un modelo de hombre proveedor sin responsabilidades familiares, lo que contribuye a mantener y reproducir la desigualdad en contra de las mujeres.

Resumo: O retorno às atividades presenciais acendeu o alerta para o sedentarismo que se desenvolveu durante o período de confinamento, devido à inclinação ao conforto de permanecer no ambiente familiar. O manuscrito examina o impacto que a pandemia de Covid-19 teve nas instituições educacionais do sul do Peru. Após uma breve introdução, exploramos o medo desenvolvido em relação à interação presencial por parte dos principais agentes impulsionadores do corpus educacional e do desenvolvimento específico da educação nos Andes. Como ramificação da construção teórica, há entre os estudantes uma saudade do passado invernal abalado pelas ondas vibratórias do morcego de Wuhan, pois com o retorno à presencialidade, seu conforto na Internet e usar como desculpa o fato de estar num ambiente virtual para não cuidar de certas responsabilidades acadêmicas e domésticas não será mais possível. No âmbito do ensino, retoma-se o combate frontal aos múltiplos problemas educacionais do país abandonado há dois longos anos; finalmente, para os pais, abre-se no túnel da preocupação, a luz da esperança de ver novamente os filhos com o sagrado uniforme escolar.

Resumen El retorno a la presencialidad ha hecho sonar las alarmas del sedentarismo construido durante el confinamiento debido a la tendencia por la comodidad de no salir del nido. Este ensayo delibera la derivación que ha tenido la pandemia del COVID-19 en las instancias educativas en el sur del Perú. Tras una breve introducción, se aborda el miedo al cara a cara de los principales actores que dinamizan el corpus educacional y el desarrollo específico de la educación en los Andes. Como ramificación del constructo teórico, existe en las personas estudiantes la añoranza hacia el pasado invernal sacudido por las ondas vibratorias del murciélago de Wuhan, porque, con el retorno a la presencialidad, sus comodidades en la red de internet y la excusa de estar en clases virtuales para no ocuparse de ciertas responsabilidades académicas y domésticas ya no serán posibles. En cuanto a la esfera magisterial, se reanuda el combate frontal hacia los múltiples problemas educativos en el país, abandonado por dos largos años; finalmente, para el estrato de progenitores, se aparece en el túnel de la preocupación, la luz de esperanza de ver a sus hijos(as) nuevamente con el sagrado uniforme escolar.

Abstract: The return to presentiality has raised the alarms of the sedentary lifestyle that was built during the confinement and the tendency to the convenience of not leaving the nest. The manuscript explores the repercussions that the Covid-19 pandemic has had on educational institutions in Southern Peru. After a brief introduction, it addresses the face-to-face fear felt by the main actors in the educational corpus, also addressing the specific development of education in the Andes. As a ramification of the theoretical construct, students long for the winter past shaken by the vibrational waves of the Wuhan bat, because with the return to face-to-face, their comforts in the Internet network and the excuse of being in virtual classes to avoid taking care of certain academic and domestic responsibilities, will no longer be possible. As for the teachers’ sphere, the frontal fight against the multiple educational problems in the country, abandoned for two long years, will be resumed. Finally, regarding the parents’ stratum, a light of hope to see their children again wearing the sacred school uniform is starting to shine in a tunnel of worry

Abstract COVID-19 led to a reformulation of policies in the tourism sector, as the fall in international flows led to a renewed focus on domestic tourism. Argentina is an example of this phenomenon. During the pandemic, it promoted a local tourism agenda that had not been seen for decades. Foreign promotion and inbound (international) tourism, which used to play a leading role in the sector’s agenda, gave way to the strengthening of domestic tourism. This article analyzes the reformulation of the Argentine tourism agenda during the pandemic and its socio-territorial implications. For this purpose, we use policy analysis as a theoretical-methodological approach, particularly evaluation studies based on quantitative-qualitative methods. The three policies implemented (assistance to the national tourism sector, coordination and adaptation to the new normality, and stimulus to demand) are described and then linked to a context characterized by the lifting of restrictions and the progress of the vaccination process, features that drove tourism recovery rates from the second half of 2021. It is shown that, although in this reactivation there is evidence of a revival of domestic tourism, international tourism remains well below pre-pandemic levels. The text concludes with a series of reflections on the impact of the policies implemented in Argentina.

Resumen La covid-19 provocó una reformulación de las políticas en el sector turístico, pues ante la caída de los flujos internacionales se volvió a apostar por el turismo nacional. Argentina es un ejemplo de este fenómeno: durante la pandemia impulsó una agenda turística local como no sucedía desde hace décadas. La promoción externa y el turismo receptivo (internacional), que ocupaban un lugar protagónico en la agenda del sector, dejaron lugar al fortalecimiento del turismo doméstico. En este artículo se analiza la reformulación de la agenda turística argentina durante la pandemia y sus implicaciones socioterritoriales. Para ello, se utiliza como enfoque teórico-metodológico al análisis de políticas, particularmente los estudios de evaluación que parten de estrategias cuanti-cualitativas. Se describen las tres políticas implementadas (asistencia al sector turístico nacional, coordinación y adaptación a la nueva normalidad y estímulo a la demanda) para luego vincularlas a un contexto caracterizado por el levantamiento de las restricciones y por el avance del proceso de vacunación, rasgos que motorizaron los índices de recuperación turística a partir del segundo semestre de 2021. Se demuestra que, aunque en esta reactivación se evidencia el reimpulso del turismo doméstico, el internacional continúa muy por debajo de los niveles prepandémicos. El texto concluye con una serie de discusiones acerca del impacto de las políticas implementadas en Argentina.

Abstract This article analyzes the challenge that China faces in achieving its goal of a high economic growth rate for the XIV Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan (FYESDP) 2021- 2025 period, given the context of uncertainty that the global economy is still experiencing, and the domestic conditions that the country is going through after the second wave of COVID-19 contagion in the second half of 2022. The hypothesis is that China has managed to register an economic growth rate in accordance with the targets planned in the XIV FYESDP period between 2021 and 2023, thanks to the use of an ad hoc of instruments and variables of the economic policy.

Resumen En este artículo, se analiza el desafío al que se enfrenta China, para alcanzar su meta de lograr una alta tasa de crecimiento económico para el periodo del XIV Plan Quinquenal de Desarrollo Económico y Social (PQDEyS) 2021-2025, dado el contexto de incertidumbre que aún experimenta la economía global y las condiciones internas que registra este país, luego de atravesar la segunda ola de contagios de COVID-19 en el segundo semestre de 2022. Se plantea la hipótesis que China ha logrado registrar una tasa de crecimiento económico entre los años 2021 y 2023 acorde a la planeada en el periodo del XIV PQDEyS, gracias al uso de los instrumentos y variables de una política económica ad hoc.

Stormwater harvesting is a promising solution for global freshwater depletion, particularly in tropical regions with abundant rainfall. However, it is not widely used due to the lack of suitable treatment technologies for domestic applications. Multi-stage filtration (MSF) is an effective integrated treatment technology that provides a cost-effective alternative for stormwater treatment. This study investigated MSF's capacity for treating stormwater at different stages. The MSF designed and built comprised the down-flow roughing filter (DRF) and slow sand filter (SSF). The results achieved by the MSF for the treated effluents were: pH (7.1-8.1), temperature (27.6-29.4°C), electrical conductivity (EC) (100-190 µS/cm) and total dissolved solids (TDS) (70-130 mg/L). Turbidity removal efficiency of the MSF was in the range of 36-99% (5.825-164.05 NTU) and the overall average removal efficiency of the MSF was 74%, 90% and 86% for total coliforms (TC) (360-11 800 CFU/ 100 mL), faecal coliforms (FC) (0-1 300 CFU/100 mL) and Enterococcus spp. (120- 1 400 CFU/100 mL), respectively. The study identified stormwater reuse potentials based on international guidelines and benchmarks. For the treated effluent, pH, temperature, EC and TDS were all within the permissible limits for toilet, laundry, bathing, recreational and agricultural water reuse, while turbidity suited agricultural (non-food crop) and restricted urban reuse. 46% of the effluent was suitable for recreational purposes as this satisfied the 50 NTU standard. 62.5% of the effluent satisfied the FC standard for toilets and urinals and agricultural reuse (non-food crop) purposes, while 87.5 % of the effluent satisfied urban reuse purposes (restricted access). 66.67% of the effluent satisfied the Enterococcus spp. standard for agricultural reuse (non-food crop). All treated effluents satisfied the TC bathing standard. This study shows that after minimal disinfection, stormwater effluents offer potential reuse in household applications, thereby reducing potable water demand.

Resumen La pandemia actual está cambiando la atención de los consumidores hacia la adopción de una actitud más sostenible en sus elecciones de consumo. A falta de una regulación nacional e internacional específica sobre sostenibilidad, a menudo son las mismas empresas o asociaciones de empresas, como la Cámara Nacional de Moda de Italia, las que adoptan autorregulaciones para garantizar el desarrollo de un modelo de negocio más sostenible. En este sentido, la propiedad intelectual es clave para distinguir un negocio sostenible, por un lado para las actividades de investigación y desarrollo que conducen a la presentación de patentes verdes; por otro, a través de la identificación de características sostenibles de productos y servicios identificados por marcas de certificación.

Abstract The current pandemic is shifting consumers’ attention towards the adoption of a more sustainable attitude in their consumption choices. Lacking of a specific international and domestic regulation concerning sustainability, it is often the same companies, or companies associations, such as the Italian National Chamber of Fashion, to adopt self-regulations to ensure the development of a more sustainable business model. In this respect, intellectual property is a key to distinguish a sustainable business, on the one hand for the research and development activities that lead to the filing of green patents; on the other, through the identification of sustainable features of products and services identified by certification marks.

Resumo A atual pandemia está mudando a atenção dos consumidores para a adoção de uma atitude mais sustentável em suas escolhas de consumo. Na falta de uma regulamentação nacional e internacional específica sobre a sustentabilidade, muitas vezes são as mesmas empresas, ou associações de empresas, como a Câmara Nacional da Moda da Itália, que adotam autorregulamentações para garantir o desenvolvimento de um modelo de negócios mais sustentável. Nesse sentido, a propriedade intelectual é a chave para distinguir um negócio sustentável, por um lado, para as atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento que levam ao depósito de patentes verdes; de outro, por meio da identificação de características sustentáveis de produtos e serviços identificados por marcas de certificação.

Resumo Durante a pandemia do COVID-19, mudanças ocorreram em diversos campos, fazendo-se importante conhecer os contextos de risco social e psíquico que marcam condições de vulnerabilidade e vulneração, vividas por crianças e bebês, a despeito de crianças: refugiadas, residentes em favela e crianças vítimas de violência intrafamiliar. Objetivo: Conhecer possíveis riscos à saúde mental de crianças, em situação de vulnerabilidade, no período da pandemia de Covid-19, na realidade brasileira. Método: Estudo de mídia, com vistas à análise do contexto sociopolítico, favorecendo a visão crítica de leituras de mundo distintas, fundamental para compreensão do objeto pretendido. Resultado: A partir dos dados levantados, estruturou-se categorias específicas à cada grupo estudado, a saber: 1) crianças refugiadas: precariedade do abrigo; dimensão legal; perdas e lutos; e xenofobia. 2) crianças residentes periféricas: perdas e lutos; violência à criança; acesso à saúde; e fome. 3) violência intrafamiliar: direitos da criança em situação de violência; violência doméstica na pandemia e meios extradomiciliares que amparam a criança. Os resultados obtidos em cada um dos objetivos específicos, denunciam especificidades de cada um dos grupos: as crianças refugiadas, além de perderem direitos vivenciam perda da sua origem, dificultando o endereçamento do seu sofrimento a um “outro”. As crianças residentes em periferias, além de serem afetadas pela pandemia, sofreram efeitos da necropolitica, advinda da herança colonial. Crianças vítimas de violência intrafamiliar enfrentaram agravos decorrentes do isolamento social e adoecimnto psíquico dos cuidadores. Considera-se, por fim que sem a denúncia necessária, os riscos de esquecimento de tão grave problemática pode se fazer efetivar e os recursos necessários ao cuidado não se fazerem urgentes. A análise da mídia favoreceu lidar com uma lacuna no campo científico, possibilitando a criação de reflexões da condição de vulneração de populações invisibilizadas.

Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, changes occurred in several fields, making it important to know the contexts of social and psychic risk that mark conditions of vulnerability and vulnerability, experienced by children and babies, despite children: refugees, residents in favelas and children’s victims of domestic violence. Objective: To know possible risks to the mental health of children, in a situation of vulnerability, in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic, in the Brazilian reality. Method: Media study, with a view to analyzing the sociopolitical context, favoring a critical view of different world readings, fundamental for understanding the intended object. Result: From the collected data, specific categories were structured for each group studied, namely: 1) refugee children: precariousness of the shelter; legal dimension; losses and mourning; and xenophobia. 2) children living in peripheral areas: losses and bereavements; child violence; access to health; and hunger. 3) domestic violence: rights of children in situations of violence; domestic violence in the pandemic and extra-domiciliary means that support the child. The results obtained in each of the specific objectives, denounce specificities of each of the groups: refugee children, in addition to losing rights, experience the loss of their origin, making it difficult to address their suffering to an “other”. Children residing in peripheries, in addition to being affected by the pandemic, suffered the effects of necropolitics, arising from the colonial heritage. Children victims of intrafamily violence faced injuries resulting from social isolation and mental illness of caregivers. Finally, it is considered that without the necessary denouncement, the risks of forgetting such a serious problem can become effective and the resources necessary for care do not become urgent. Media analysis favored dealing with a gap in the scientific field, enabling the creation of reflections on the vulnerable condition of invisible populations.

Resumo Introdução: As situações de violência no âmbito conjugal resultam numa diversidade de consequências e danos físicos, psicológicos, relacionais e nos casos mais graves, poderão conduzir à incapacitação, temporária ou permanente, da vítima ou, mesmo, à sua morte. A Lei Maria da Penha, dispõe a respeito da criação de mecanismos para coibir a violência doméstica e familiar contra mulher; trata também da Convenção sobre a Eliminação de Todas as Formas de Discriminação contra as Mulheres e da Convenção Interamericana para Prevenir, Punir e Erradicar a Violência contra a Mulher. Dispõe ainda a respeito da criação dos Juizados de Violência Doméstica e Familiar contra Mulher e promove alteração no Código Penal e na lei de Execução Penal a respeito da punição da violência contra a mulher. Objetivo: Identificar e compreender os fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão da vítima em denunciar atos de violência doméstica. Especificamente pretende-se verificar o conhecimento dos recursos disponíveis à vítima de violência doméstica, bem como analisar se tais recursos influenciam na decisão da vítima denunciar o agressor. Método: Foi feita uma pesquisa qualitativa básica, com a participação de 12 mulheres que se identificaram como vítimas de violência doméstica. Foi utilizada como técnica de colheita a entrevista semiestruturada e para o tratamento dos dados, foi feita análise categorial. Resultados: Das entrevistadas, quatro mulheres não denunciaram o agressor, uma destas saiu de casa e preferiu não denunciar. As que denunciaram, o fizeram por diferentes motivos, como traição, agressão na presença de filhos, medo de perder os filhos, entre outros. Conclusões. Os fatores apontados estão relacionados com a dependência financeira e emocional e por descrédito na justiça.

Abstract Introduction: Situations of domestic violence result in a variety of consequences and physical, psychological and relational damage and, in the most serious cases, may lead to temporary or permanent incapacitation of the victim or even death. The Maria da Penha Law provides for the creation of mechanisms to curb domestic and family violence against women; it also deals with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Inter-American Convention to Prevent, Punish and Eradicate Violence against Women. It also provides for the creation of Courts for Domestic and Family Violence against Women and promotes changes to the Penal Code and the Criminal Execution law regarding the punishment of violence against women. Objective: Identify and understand the factors that influence the victim's decision-making in reporting acts of domestic violence. Specifically, the aim is to verify knowledge of the resources available to victims of domestic violence, as well as to analyze whether such resources influence the victim's decision to report the aggressor. Method: Basic qualitative research was carried out, with the participation of 12 women who identified themselves as victims of domestic violence. A semi-structured interview was used as a collection technique and categorical analysis was carried out to process the data. Results: Of those interviewed, four women did not report the aggressor, one of these left homes and preferred not to report it. Those who reported it did so for different reasons, such as betrayal, aggression in the presence of children, fear of losing their children, among others. Conclusions. The factors highlighted are related to financial and emotional dependence and discredit in justice.