Abstract In this article I aim to investigate the role of two ancient Greek priestesses from the region of Boeotia. In doing so, I further asses the relationship of these women not only with the goddesses they honoured, but also with Dionysus, a versatile and agglutinating divinity who played a leading role in that region. The following lines are intended as part of a broader study of priestesses of Dionysus (or priestesses of other divinities related to this god) in ancient Greece, a subject that has been little studied. It should be noted that the study examines the Greek term ἱέρεια and a derivative (the generic name of “priestess” in ancient Greece given to women who exercised the priesthood in civic cults) found in epigraphic texts. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of epigraphic sources because they provide data on real figures or historically verifiable personages who took part in the cult of the divinities, as opposed to literary sources, which often focus on anecdotal aspects.

Resumen Los objetivos del presente artículo son estudiar en mayor profundidad el papel de dos sacerdotisas griegas antiguas de la región de Beocia y arrojar luz sobre la relación de estas mujeres no solo con las diosas a las que honraban, sino también con Dioniso, divinidad versátil y aglutinante, protagonista en dicha región. Las siguientes líneas pretenden formar parte de un estudio más amplio sobre las sacerdotisas de Dioniso (o sacerdotisas de otras divinidades relacionadas con este dios) en la antigua Grecia, un tema cuyos estudios son mínimos. Cabe decir que el análisis se ha centrado en el término griego ἱέρεια y un derivado (la denominación genérica de “sacerdotisa” en la Grecia antigua que se otorgaba a las mujeres que ejercían el sacerdocio en cultos cívicos) que encontramos en textos epigráficos. Es necesario destacar la importancia de las fuentes epigráficas, ya que en ámbito religioso aportan datos sobre figuras reales o personajes históricamente constatables que participaron en el culto de las divinidades, frente a las fuentes literarias, que muchas veces se detienen en aspectos anecdóticos.

Abstract In the Sierra de las Cruces and Montealto, in the State of Mexico, the Divine Face is a fractal divinity that lives in five sacred hills, known as “rosario”. Giver of life and seeds, this divinity receives maintenance and sustenance from “their bodies”, known as the mēfi (workers), which are chosen by the lightning and are trapped between the wrath of God and the envy of others humans.

Resumen En la Sierra de las Cruces y Montealto, en el Estado de México, el Divino Rostro es una divinidad fractal que habita en cinco cerros sagrados, conocidos como “rosario”. Dador de la vida y las semillas, esta divinidad recibe mantenimiento y sustento de “sus cuerpos”, conocidos como los mēfi (trabajadores), los cuales son elegidos mediante el rayo y quedan atrapados entre la ira de Dios y la envidia de los humanos.

Abstract In the writing rescued here, originally published by the Universidad Nacional del Litoral in 1936, Vicente Fatone (Buenos Aires, 1903-1962) conceives dance and architecture as privileged modes of access to the absolute. The Argentine philosopher identifies architecture, as spatial infinity, with asceticism and dance, as temporal infinity: while the first is understood as the establishment of a world, the second is considered as an exercise of freedom, which expresses the divine that inhabits in the human being through a dynamic principle.

Resumen En el escrito que aquí se rescata, publicado originalmente por la Universidad Nacional del Litoral en 1936, Vicente Fatone (Buenos aires, 1903-1962) concibe la danza y la arquitectura como modos privilegiados de acceso a lo absoluto. El filósofo argentino identifica la arquitectura como un infinito espacial y con una ascética, y a la danza, como infinito temporal, con una mística: mientras la primera es entendida como instauración de un mundo, la segunda es considerada como un ejercicio de libertad, que expresa lo divino que habita en el ser humano a través de un principio dinámico.

RESUMEN Los rápidos avances de la biomedicina y la biotecnología en las últimas décadas han abierto nuevos dilemas bioéticos que requieren un enfoque integral. ¿Estamos jugando a ser Dios manipulando la vida? ¿Existen límites éticos que la ciencia no debería cruzar? Estas preguntas conectan inevitablemente con fundamentos teológicos sobre el significado de la existencia, el origen y destino de la persona y la relación entre la humanidad y la divinidad. Por lo tanto, una bioética sólida requiere revisar las fuentes espirituales y religiosas que históricamente han proporcionado sabiduría sobre el valor de la vida. Teniendo esto en cuenta, el objetivo de este trabajo es discutir la bioética desde la perspectiva del Islam considerando sus diferentes fuentes teológicas. Es importante señalar que, si bien existe un espectro de posiciones sobre estas cuestiones emergentes, la base común en la sociedad islámica proviene de fuentes como el Corán y los hadices, que contienen principios éticos universalizables. Así, no se puede olvidar que desde una perspectiva islámica la rendición de cuentas ante Dios implica que los avances tecnocientíficos deben vincularse a referentes trascendentes que brinden dirección moral, fundamentando conceptos como la santidad de la vida, la inviolable dignidad humana y la responsabilidad con las generaciones futuras.

ABSTRACT The rapid advances in biomedicine and biotechnology in recent decades have opened new bioethical dilemmas that require a comprehensive approach. Are we playing God by manipulating life? Are there ethical limits that science should not cross? These questions inevitably connect with theological foundations about the meaning of existence, the origin and destiny of the person, and the relationship between humanity and divinity. Therefore, solid bioethics requires revisiting the spiritual and religious sources that have historically provided wisdom about the value of life. Taking this into account, the objective of this work is to discuss bioethics from the perspective of Islam considering its different theological sources. It is important to note that although there is a spectrum of positions on these emerging issues, the common basis in Islamic society comes from sources such as the Quran and the hadiths, which contain universalizable ethical principles. Thus, it cannot be forgotten that from an Islamic perspective accountability before God implies that techno-scientific advances must be linked to transcendent references that provide moral direction, basing concepts such as the sanctity of life, inviolable human dignity, and responsibility with future generations.

Resumo A maioria das abordagens da ética ambiental que contemplam a normatividade dos valores intrínsecos se baseia na ideia de amor ou reverência pela natureza. Este artigo questiona a necessidade de amar a natureza para respeitá-la como um valor em si (ou seja, como um valor intrínseco). Nesse sentido, as principais perguntas a serem respondidas são: há necessidade de considerar a natureza como sagrada para respeitá-la (ou seja, atribuir-lhe valor intrínseco)? Que tipo de coincidência existe entre Deus e o mundo natural? A resposta a essas perguntas exige uma investigação profunda sobre as ideias cosmológicas ou metafísicas (ou conceções de divindade) subjacentes a elas. Este artigo analisa, portanto, três ideias teológicas, cosmológicas ou metafísicas (ou seja, panteísmo, teísmo e conceção teleológica da natureza) relativas a valores intrínsecos: algumas delas (por exemplo, o panteísmo) contemplam a ideia da sacralidade da natureza, que tem uma clara inspiração religiosa. Esses paradigmas cosmológicos também implicam diferentes comportamentos humanos em relação à vida: 1. O panteísmo implica reverência pela Vida, uma vez que a natureza é sagrada (Deus coincide principalmente com a natureza). Assim, o ser humano faz parte de uma comunidade estendida (mais que humana). 2. O teísmo reafirma que toda forma de vida é boa, pois foi criada por Deus. Isso implica que os seres humanos são os responsáveis da criação. 3. A ideia finalística da natureza sustenta que a vida é um fim em si mesma (ou seja, tem valor intrínseco) e que nossa responsabilidade emerge tanto do valor da vida quanto do nosso impacto no meio ambiente. respeitála respeitá la seja intrínseco. intrínseco . sentido atribuirlhe atribuir lhe natural divindade elas analisa portanto teológicas exemplo religiosa 1 Vida Assim mais humana. humana humana) 2 boa criação 3 ambiente

Abstract Most approaches in environmental ethics that contemplate the normativity of intrinsic values rely on the idea of love or reverence for nature. This paper challenges the need to love nature in order to respect it as a value in itself (i.e., as an intrinsic value). In this regard, the main questions to answer are: is there a need to regard nature as sacred in order to respect it (i.e., to ascribe intrinsic value to it)? What kind of coincidence is there between God and the natural world? The response to these questions calls for a deep inquiry into the cosmological or metaphysical ideas (or conceptions of divinity) underlying them. This paper analyses, thus, three theological, cosmological, or metaphysical ideas (i.e., pantheism, theism, and teleological conception of nature) concerning intrinsic values: some of these (e.g., pantheism) contemplate the idea of the sacredness of nature, which has a clear religious inspiration. These cosmological paradigms also imply different human behaviors towards life: 1. Pantheism implies reverence for Life since nature is sacred (God mainly coincides with nature). Thus, the human being is part of the extended more-than-human community. 2. Theism reaffirms that every form of life is good since it has been created by God. This implies that human beings are the steward of creation. 3. The finalistic idea of nature sustains that life is an end in itself (i.e., has intrinsic value) and that our responsibility emerges from both the value of life and our impact on the environment. i.e., ie i e (i.e. value. . it) world divinity them analyses thus theological pantheism theism e.g., eg g (e.g. inspiration 1 Thus morethanhuman more than community 2 creation 3 environment i.e. (i.e e.g. (e.g i.e e.g

Resumen La mayoría de los enfoques en la ética ambiental que consideran la normatividad de los valores intrínsecos se basan en la idea del amor o la reverencia por la naturaleza. Este artículo cuestiona la necesidad de amar la naturaleza para respetarla como valor en sí misma (es decir, como valor intrínseco). En este sentido, las principales preguntas a las que se debe que responder son: ¿existe la necesidad de considerar la naturaleza como sagrada para respetarla (es decir, atribuirle un valor intrínseco)? ¿Qué tipo de coincidencia existe entre Dios y el mundo natural? Responder a estas preguntas exige una investigación en profundidad de las ideas cosmológicas o metafísicas (o concepciones de la divinidad) subyacentes. Por ello, este artículo analiza tres ideas teológicas, cosmológicas o metafísicas (a saber, el panteísmo, el teísmo y la concepción teleológica de la naturaleza) relativas a los valores intrínsecos; algunas de ellas (por ejemplo, el panteísmo) contemplan la idea de la sacralidad de la naturaleza, que tiene una clara inspiración religiosa. Estos paradigmas cosmológicos también implican diferentes comportamientos humanos en relación con la vida: 1. El panteísmo implica reverencia por la Vida, ya que la naturaleza es sagrada (Dios coincide principalmente con la naturaleza). Así, el ser humano forma parte de una comunidad extendida (o más que humana). 2. El teísmo reafirma que toda forma de vida es buena porque fue creada por Dios. Esto implica que los seres humanos son responsables de la creación. 3. La idea finalista de la naturaleza sostiene que la vida es un fin en sí misma (es decir, tiene un valor intrínseco) y que nuestra responsabilidad se deriva tanto del valor de la vida como de nuestro impacto en el medio ambiente. decir intrínseco. intrínseco . sentido Qué natural divinidad subyacentes ello teológicas saber ejemplo religiosa 1 Vida Así humana. humana humana) 2 creación 3 ambiente

Abstract: Libertas was an essential issue in Roman politics, connected to the beginnings of the Republic; and Liber was a divinity that corresponded to this aspect from different perspectives. Liber and libertas, especially in politics, were deeply rooted in the Roman mind, and political leaders found it interesting to establish this connection. Between the forties and the thirties BC, several political leaders adopted divinities as patrons and models. In the context of civil war, the struggle for power was presented in poetry as a confrontation between divine models. This article investigates the role of Bacchus as a divine model for political leaders in Horace, focusing on his associations with Augustus and Mark Antony/Cleopatra. My aim is to show how Horace, taking advantage of the god’s paradoxical character, contributes to the assimilation of Liber to the Augustan repertoire in a moment of profound political transformations in Rome. Abstract politics Republic perspectives libertas mind connection BC models war Horace AntonyCleopatra Antony Cleopatra Antony/Cleopatra gods god s character Rome

Resumo: A libertas era uma questão fundamental na política romana, ligada aos primórdios da República; e Líber era uma divindade que correspondia a esse aspecto sob as mais diversas perspectivas. Líber e libertas, especialmente a política, estavam arraigados à mente romana, e as lideranças políticas achavam interessante estabelecer essa ligação. Entre as décadas de 40 e 30 a.C., vários líderes políticos adotaram divindades como patronos e modelos. No contexto da guerra civil, a disputa pelo poder era apresentada na poesia como um confronto entre modelos divinos. Este artigo investiga o papel de Baco como modelo divino para líderes políticos em Horácio, tendo em vista suas associações com Augusto e Marco Antônio/Cleópatra. Meu objetivo é demonstrar como Horácio, aproveitando-se do caráter paradoxal do deus, contribui para a assimilação de Líber ao repertório augustano em um momento de profundas transformações políticas em Roma. Resumo romana República perspectivas ligação 4 3 aC C a.C. civil divinos Horácio AntônioCleópatra Antônio Cleópatra Antônio/Cleópatra aproveitandose aproveitando se deus Roma a.C

This study examines the Christological meaning of the phrase 'Apo Isa Elmaseh' and the word 'Opo' referring to as the 'Lord Jesus Christ' in catechesis books and Bibles in the Minahasa language with Tontemboan and Tombulu dialects. A translation model approach in contextual theology was used to show that the translation process is a way of determining the contextual theology that occurs dialogically between zendeling missionary, translators and indigenous teachers living in Minahasa culture. The result shows that these phrases and words are used in the Minahasa religion to express the Divinity of Christ, who is believed to be Apo Kasuruan Wangko (God of Origin of Life), Apo/Opo and the Great Ancestor, who is always close to the community and the universe. This finding has broad implications to other contexts in Indonesia where with a serious contextual approach, genuine theological knowledge could be explored. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: This article supplies a new contribution to the cultural, anthropological and theological discussion of Apo Isa Elmaseh to Minahasan-Christian. 'apo' or 'opo' and 'Apo' or 'Opo' expresses the spiritual appreciation of human existence in the continuity of history and community life in this region. Furthermore, the finding encourages other disciplines to investigate any issue that relates to culture, religion and theology

Numerous Pentecostal and Christian adherents are encountering Hebrew Roots teachings, with a significant global presence, notably in the USA, Israel, Europe, South America, and South Africa. In 2012, the South had a substantial number of adherents. A prominent ministry, 119 ministries, offers an interactive map listing Hebrew Roots ministries worldwide. In South Africa, over 120 such ministries are listed, primarily in Gauteng and the Western Cape. Hebrew Roots proponents claim authenticity by reverting to Jewish and Mosaic roots, advocating adherence to Old Testament precepts, including rituals and customs. This article critically assesses these claims, focusing on key texts such as Acts 10:9-29, Acts 15:1-35, and Galatians 2, in the context of the Mosaic-Hebrew roots movement. This movement argues that non-Jewish Christians should observe the Mosaic laws integral to God's covenant with Israel. Employing a comparative literature analysis and grammatical-historical exegesis, the study contrasts Pentecostal beliefs with those of the Hebrew Roots movement concerning non-Jewish Christians' ethical responsibilities regarding the Mosaic laws. The article first outlines the historical evolution of the Hebrew Roots movement, emphasizing its theological foundations. Subsequent sections systematically analyse the scriptural passages, examining their influence on these movements' doctrines through a Pentecostal hermeneutical lens. One central concern highlighted is the potential for Hebrew Roots teachings to challenge the exclusive role of Christ in salvation by emphasizing adherence to the Old Testament's legal framework, raising questions about Christ's divinity. INTRADISCIPLINARY/INTRADISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: This research seeks to prompt a critical examination within the field of Dogmatics, specifically with regard to the precise delineation of a Christian's obligations concerning the Mosaic Law, particularly in the context of the Decalogue.

The debate surrounding the nature and attributes of God as presented in the Bible has garnered significant attention and critique from various philosophical perspectives like Friedrich Nietzsche, Bertrand Russell and David Hume. This philosophical critique emphasises the inconsistency in the nature of God and challenges traditional theological beliefs. The expression of regret by the God of the Bible in Genesis 6:6 raises philosophical dilemmas regarding divine attributes and the problem of evil. The contradiction between God's regret and the affirmation of his creation as good underscores fundamental questions about divine omniscience, omnipotence and benevolence. The presence of evil and suffering in the world poses a significant challenge to the notion of a loving and all-powerful God. Examples of human suffering, such as slavery, colonisation, apartheid and natural disasters, further highlight the complexity of reconciling divine attributes with the existence of evil. Philosophically analysing biblical narratives, such as the story of Job, Noah's flood and the plagues of Egypt, raises ethical concerns regarding divine justice and the moral agency of humanity. Additionally, the indiscriminate punishment of innocent individuals in these narratives challenges the credibility of a benevolent and compassionate God. The philosophical inquiry into the problem of evil and natural disasters underscores the need for a nuanced understanding of divine attributes and their implications for human existence. CONTRIBUTION: The study encourages reflection on key questions about the nature of divinity, the morality of divine actions, and the compatibility of traditional theology with rational thought. It highlights how inconsistencies in certain biblical accounts challenge those trying to balance faith with reason and scientific understanding. While some may view these narratives as metaphors or allegories, others find it difficult to align them with their intellectual beliefs, resulting in tensions between religious faith and scientific rationality.

This article explores the evolution of totemic symbolism in contemporary visual art and its profound link with religious concepts, particularly the image of God. It examines how artists reinterpret sacred themes through totems, reflecting both historical religious traditions and modern societal transformations. Through a review of totemic representations from ancient to contemporary artworks, this study illuminates the evolving portrayal of divine figures - from traditional religious icons to more personalised spiritual symbols. This evolution not only signifies changes in artistic expression but also suggests a deepening societal understanding of divinity. The analysis highlights the totem's role as a mediator between the human and the divine, offering insights into the spiritual connections that transcend conventional religious frameworks. This research not only enriches the discourse on the relationship between art and religion but also underscores the dynamic interaction between cultural heritage and contemporary artistic exploration. CONTRIBUTION: This study enriches the field of art history and religious studies by tracing the transformative representation of totems in art from ancient symbolism to modern reinterpretations. It underscores the totem's role as a dynamic symbol in contemporary visual culture, facilitating deeper spiritual connections and dialogues across various cultural and religious landscapes. The findings of this study provide a nuanced understanding of how contemporary art mediates complex theological concepts, thus offering new perspectives on the intersection of art, religion and spirituality

This is a response to an article written by South African New Testament scholar, Peter Nagel. The article draws on the thoughts of another South African New Testament scholar Andries van Aarde and of German theologian Bernhard Lohse, on the history of the doctrine of the Trinity. Concluding observations include inquiring as to how the church will effectively address this type of study in its deliberations and decisions.

Resumen El presente trabajo se encuentra compuesto de dos momentos: el primero abocado a la restitución de la noción de cuerpo que puede apreciarse en el pensamiento de Descartes sobre la física; el segundo referido a un estudio holista de la física cartesiana y su relación con Dios. En función de estos dos puntos es que, en la conclusión, colegiremos corolarios que podrían informar una consideración política de la filosofía de Descartes.

Abstract The present work is made up of two moments: the first devoted to the restitution of the notion of the body that can be seen in Descartes’s thought on physics; the second refers to a holistic study of Cartesian physics and its relation to God. It is based on these two points that, in conclusion, we will derive corollaries that could inform a political consideration of the philosophy of Descartes.

Abstract This article analyzes and contrasts the socio-semiotic modeling patterns of Sun and Moon that encode the denoted meanings and social representations of the principal heavenly bodies among the ethnic groups of the Panoan linguistic family. The study of these symbolic motifs constitutes a way of approaching Panoans’ cultural field that offers insights into its internal configuration and external relations. The research strategy applied is the case study. The units of analysis are the patterns of primary or linguistic and secondary or discursive modeling of Sun and Moon. The data show linguistic homogeneity but discursive heterogeneity. The register of representations reveals the coexistence of a diversity of conceptions of Sun and Moon in ontological terms, gender, and relationship modalities assigned to these entities. Within the framework of its system of variants and transformations, two predominant ethnomodels can be distinguished in Panoan groups from certain geographical areas, which present important cross-cultural correlates: Sun as a creator divinity and Moon as an ancestor turned heavenly body. The former is related to the Andean conceptions of Sun, while the latter has been widely recorded in the mythologies of the Amazonian peoples, revealing a system of transductions that inform of its ancient roots.

Resumen El artículo analiza y contrasta los patrones de modelización sociosemiótica de Sol y Luna que codifican los significados denotados y las representaciones sociales de los astros en los grupos étnicos de la familia lingüística pano. El estudio de estos motivos simbólicos constituye una vía de aproximación al campo cultural pano que ofrece datos sobre su configuración interna y sus relaciones externas. La estrategia de investigación empleada es el estudio de casos, y las unidades de análisis son los patrones de modelización primaria o lingüística y secundaria o discursiva de los astros. Los datos muestran homogeneidad lingüística y heterogeneidad discursiva. El catastro de representaciones revela la coexistencia de una diversidad de concepciones de Sol y Luna en términos ontológicos, de género y modalidades de relación asignadas a estas entidades. En el marco de su sistema de variantes y transformaciones se distinguen dos etnomodelos predominantes en grupos pano de ciertas áreas geográficas, los que presentan importantes correlatos transculturales: Sol como divinidad creadora y Luna como ancestro devenido en astro. El primero de estos etnomodelos es afín a las concepciones andinas del astro; el segundo, ampliamente registrado en las mitologías de los pueblos amazónicos, muestra aquí un sistema de transducciones que informan de su antiguo arraigo.

The purpose of this article is to examine the process by which the Presbyterian Church of South(ern) Africa (PCSA), conceived of, developed and promoted its programme of theological education, during the twentieth century. This occurred after its yet to be united struggle as a collection of independent congregations and presbyteries in the nineteenth century. The article also examines how the PCSA progressed, in the light of growing racial tensions in South Africa, in a racialised manner. The article is based on archival research and secondary sources and deals with the issue within a predominantly chronological framework.

Abstract This article discusses the meanings of divinity in three spiritist soap operas on TV Globo: A Viagem, Alma Gêmea and Além do Tempo. After pointing out the relevance of soap operas in the continent and proposing a definition for the subgenre "Spiritist soap opera", I take three narrative events from each of the plots as an object of study, selecting situations in which the theme "God" anchors interactions amongst characters. For the analysis, I adopt the method of visuality combined with television style, called televisuality, so that stylistic aspects are studied in relation to sociocultural elements. The comparison between the events allows us to notice an evocation of the divine in dualisms that position characters on antagonistic sides, leading melodramatic staging between believers and non-believers. Finally, God is presented in these Spiritist soap operas as a mobilizing agent and divider of opinions, whether in narrative, stylistic and sociocultural terms. Globo Viagem Tempo opera, opera , opera" study "God analysis style televisuality elements sides nonbelievers. nonbelievers non believers. non-believers Finally opinions terms

Resumo Este artigo discute os sentidos de divindade em três telenovelas espíritas da TV Globo: A viagem, Alma gêmea e Além do tempo. Após apontar a relevância da telenovela no continente e propor uma definição para o subgênero telenovela espírita, tomo três eventos narrativos de cada uma das tramas como objeto de estudo, selecionando situações em que a temática Deus ancora interações entre personagens. Para a análise, adoto o método da visualidade combinado ao estilo televisivo, denominado televisualidade, de maneira que os aspectos estilísticos são estudados na relação com elementos socioculturais. A comparação entre os eventos permite notar uma evocação do divino em dualismos que posicionam personagens em lados antagônicos, protagonizando encenações melodramáticas entre crentes e não crentes. Por fim, Deus é apresentado nessas telenovelas espíritas como agente mobilizador e divisor de opiniões, seja em termos narrativos, estilísticos e socioculturais. Globo viagem tempo espírita estudo análise televisivo televisualidade socioculturais antagônicos fim opiniões