ABSTRACT Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) is one of the important diseases in corn (Zea mays L.) plants in Indonesia and causes yield losses about 27% to 90%. One of the controls to suppress TLB is using resistant cultivars. This study aims to evaluate the resistance of hybrid corn genotypes to TLB and determine its effect on the epidemic components of the disease. There are four hybrid corn genotypes HCG11, HCG12, HCG13, and HCG14 that were tested with comparison cultivars used are P36, PAC339, NK8103, BISI18, and Anoman. Observation of TLB severity was carried out when plants were 60, 70, 80, and 90 d after plant. The study was prepared using a randomized group design consisting of nine treatments and repeated three times. The observational data were statistically analyzed and continued with least significant different (LSD) test. Analysis of disease progression models in the field was carried out based on goodness of fit tests, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and path analysis. The results showed that only the HCG11 genotype showed a somewhat resistant reaction to TLB disease with disease severity of 33.94%, significantly lower than the comparison cvs. PAC339, BISI18, and Anoman in the 5% LSD test. The epidemic component of the disease also showed that the HCG11 genotype had the lowest AUDPC value and infection rate with the highest protection index against TLB disease. Path analysis showed that relative humidity, temperature, precipitation, and wind speed had a significant effect on the progression of TLB disease.

Parthenolide (PTN) is a secondary metabolite of the plant Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schulz Bip. and is considered the chemical marker of this species. This sesquiterpene lactone (germacrene skeleton) has been described as responsible for the biological activity of the leaf extract. In addition, several studies in the literature have demonstrated its antiparasitic and antineoplastic activity. However, there is a need for knowledge of other safety parameters, such as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicity evaluations. Therefore, in this investigation, the in vitro metabolism of parthenolide was performed with rat liver microsomes and biomimetic metabolism (such as cytochrome P-450 system) using organometallic catalysts. The biomimetic procedure was validated since the major compound of biomimetic oxidative reaction with meta-chloroperbenzoic acid catalyzed by metalloporphyrin 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin iron(III) chloride was also observed with rat liver microsomes. Previous chemoenzymatic synthesis studies of PTN afforded the same epoxide formation, this major oxidative compound was isolated and fully characterized as (1 R,10R)-epoxyparthenolide based on experimental and theoretical calculations of infrared (IR) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) data at the B3PW91/6-311G. Furthermore, for the first time, this metabolite was evaluated for trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activity. The mean inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were lower for PTN than its metabolite and showed significant cytotoxic effects for both parasites. This finding holds promise for addressing neglected diseases. (PTN L. L (L. Bip species germacrene skeleton extract addition However parameters pharmacokinetic evaluations Therefore investigation P450 P 450 P-45 system catalysts metachloroperbenzoic meta chloroperbenzoic 5,10,15,20tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5101520tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5,10,15,20 tetrakis pentafluorophenyl porphyrin 5 10 15 20 ironIII iron III iron(III formation 1 ( R,10Repoxyparthenolide R10Repoxyparthenolide RRepoxyparthenolide R,10R epoxyparthenolide R 10R IR (IR VCD (VCD B3PW91/6311G. B3PW916311G BPWG B3PW91/6 311G. B3PW91 6 311G B PW G B3PW91/6-311G Furthermore time IC50 IC (IC50 parasites diseases (L P45 45 P-4 20tetrakispentafluorophenylporphyrin 5101520 5,10,15,2 2 10Repoxyparthenolide Repoxyparthenolide R10R RR 6311G B3PW91/6311G B3PW916 BPW B3PW91/ B3PW9 IC5 (IC5 P4 4 P- 510152 5,10,15, B3PW (IC 51015 5,10,15 5101 5,10,1 510 5,10, 51 5,10 5,1 5,

ABSTRACT: This study was to understand, evaluated and analyzed various issues related to durum wheat production. The population of the study consisted of durum wheat producers working in Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil and Çınar districts of Diyarbakır province. The sample of the study was determined by using simple random sampling method among durum wheat producers operating in Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil and Çınar districts of Diyarbakır province. In the study, the “sales kg” criterion was reported to be more important than the others. The “Eyyübi” variety was have the highest performance compared to other alternatives. It was also found that producers’ priorities in variety selection were resistance/tolerance of the variety to diseases and pests, market selling price and seed price. Türkiye stands out as an important durum wheat producing country. Secondly, the best performing product in Türkiye on the cost-benefit axis is Eyyübi This study was carried out with the financial support of TAGEM. It is declared that there is no conflict of interest. ABSTRACT understand production Ergani Yenişehir province sales kg others “Eyyübi alternatives resistancetolerance resistance tolerance pests country Secondly costbenefit cost benefit TAGEM interest

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender, avaliar e analisar diversas questões relacionadas à produção de trigo duro. A população do estudo consistia em produtores de trigo duro que trabalhavam nos distritos de Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil e Çınar, na província de Diyarbakır. A amostra do estudo foi determinada usando o método de amostragem aleatória simples entre produtores de trigo duro que operam nos distritos de Ergani, Yenişehir, Bismil e Çınar, na província de Diyarbakır. No estudo, o critério “quilo vendas” mostrou-se mais importante que os demais. A variedade “Eyyübi” apresentou o melhor desempenho em comparação com outras alternativas. Verificou-se também que as prioridades dos produtores na seleção das variedades eram a resistência/tolerância da variedade a doenças e pragas, o preço de venda no mercado e o preço da semente. A Turquia se destaca como um importante país produtor de trigo duro. Em segundo lugar, o produto com melhor desempenho na Turquia no eixo custo-benefício é o Eyyübi. RESUMO compreender Ergani Yenişehir Çınar Diyarbakır quilo vendas mostrouse mostrou demais Eyyübi “Eyyübi alternativas Verificouse Verificou resistênciatolerância resistência tolerância pragas semente lugar custobenefício custo benefício

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effect of upper eyelid ptosis repairwith Muller muscle-conjunctival resection on meibomian gland function and ocular surface parameters. Methods: Thirty-eight patients who underwent ptosis repair with Muller muscle-conjunctival resection were retrospectively reviewed. Meibomian gland loss, Ocular Surface Disease Index OXFORD score, meiboscore, and noninvasive keratograph break-up time were measured preoperatively and at 1st, 3rd, and 6th months postoperatively. Results: Noninvasive keratograph break-up time values decreased significantly at 1st and 3rd months postoperatively compared to the preoperative level, but were similar to the preoperative level at 6th months postoperatively (p<0.001 and p=0.628, respectively). Ocular surface disease index, OXFORD score, meibomian gland loss, and meiboscore values increased significantly in the 1st and 3rd postoperative months compared to the preoperative period, but these values decreased to preoperative levels in the 6th postoperative month (p<0.001 and p>0.05, respectively). Conclusion: There is a transient deterioration in meibography findings and OSDI score in the early postoperative period afterMuller muscle-conjunctival resection. Patients undergoing Muller muscle-conjunctival resection may require topical lubricants, especially in the first 3 postoperative months. Purpose muscleconjunctival muscle conjunctival parameters Methods Thirtyeight Thirty eight reviewed loss breakup break up st rd th Results p<0.001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0.00 p0628 628 p=0.628 respectively. respectively . respectively) index p005 05 p>0.05 Conclusion lubricants p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.0 p062 62 p=0.62 p00 p>0.0 p<0.0 (p<0. p06 6 p=0.6 p0 p>0. p<0. (p<0 p=0. p>0 p<0 (p< p=0 p> p< (p p=

ABSTRACT Optic neuritis is an important cause of unilateral and acute visual loss in young adults, but other differential diagnoses should be considered, especially when the disease has an atypical presentation. This report presents the case of a young woman with reduced visual acuity in her right eye, associated with optic disc edema and a relative afferent pupillary defect, that was initially misdiagnosed as optic neuritis and subsequently found to have paracentral acute middle maculopathy, possibly secondary to subtle impending central retinal vein occlusion. This case emphasizes the need to remember that retinal vascular diseases can occasionally mimic optic neuritis. Detailed anamnesis and ophthalmic examination can avoid unnecessary interventions. adults considered presentation eye defect maculopathy occlusion interventions

ABSTRACT Langerhans cell histiocytosis comprises a heterogeneous range of clinical manifestations secondary to clonal proliferation of histiocytes, characterized by the accumulation of these cells in various organs and tissues. The ophthalmological component commonly involved is the orbit. Herein, we report a rare case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with eyelid involvement, which resulted in severe ocular surface complications, which subsequently significantly impacted the patient’s quality of life. This case report highlights the fact that despite being rare, Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of eyelid lesions. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach with a systemic overview is crucial for managing the ocular complications. histiocytes tissues orbit Herein involvement complications patients patient s life lesions Furthermore

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the ophthalmological findings of dry eye disease and its relation to the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors. Methods: COVID-19 survivors who had previously been hospitalized at Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto complex underwent an ophthalmological evaluation, which included a dry eye disease questionnaire, break-up time, fluorescein staining, and Schirmer test. We collected the presenting and best-corrected visual acuity, sociodemographic data, personal medical history, and scores from a self-reported quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-bref). According to the severity of the acute phase of the disease, the patients were classified into mild-to-moderate, severe, and critical groups. Results: Ninety-five patients (190 eyes) were evaluated 100 ± 44 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Of these, 83 patients (87.3%) completed the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire. Ten patients (12.0%) had mild-to-moderate COVID-19, 41 (49.4%) had severe COVID-19, and 32 (38.6%) had critical COVID-19. The median best-corrected visual acuity was logMAR 0 (0-1). Approximately 26.3% patients had a history of dry eye disease or severe dry eye symptoms (frequent or constant ocular dryness and irritation). There was an association between the proportion of patients with dry eye disease and the quality of life (p=0.014) and health (p=0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant trend between the proportion of patients with dry eye disease and how they rated their health and quality of life (p=0.0004 and 0.0027, respectively. Conclusions: There is a significant negative correlation between the proportion of patients with dry eye disease and their self-reported quality of life. Purpose COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Methods evaluation breakup break up time staining test bestcorrected best corrected data selfreported self reported WHOQOLbref. WHOQOLbref WHOQOL bref . (WHOQOL-bref) mildtomoderate, mildtomoderate mild moderate, moderate groups Results Ninetyfive Ninety five 190 (19 eyes 10 4 these 8 87.3% 873 87 3 (87.3% 12.0% 120 12 (12.0% COVID19, 19, 49.4% 494 49 (49.4% 38.6% 386 38 6 (38.6% COVID19. 19. 01. 01 1 (0-1) 263 26 26.3 frequent irritation. irritation irritation) p=0.014 p0014 p 014 (p=0.014 p=0.001. p0001 p=0.001 001 (p=0.001) Furthermore p=0.0004 p00004 0004 (p=0.000 00027 0027 0.0027 respectively Conclusions COVID1 COVID- (WHOQOL-bref (1 87.3 (87.3 12.0 (12.0 49.4 (49.4 38.6 (38.6 (0-1 2 26. p=0.01 p001 (p=0.01 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.001 p=0.000 p0000 000 (p=0.00 0002 002 0.002 ( 87. (87. 12. (12. 49. (49. 38. (38. (0- p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 0.00 (87 (12 (49 (38 (0 p=0. p0 (p=0. 0.0 (8 (4 (3 p=0 (p=0 0. p= (p= (p

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to characterize retinitis pigmentosa associated with the eyes shut homolog gene, which causes hereditary retinal degeneration. Methods: The anatomical and functional findings of retinitis pigmentosa in patients with variants of the eyes shut homolog gene were characterized and compared using multimodal imaging and genetic analysis of the variants. Clinical data such as visual acuity, lens status, and refraction were obtained from medical records. Patients underwent an ophthalmic examination, including static visual field, microperimetry, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and fundus photography. Results: Twenty-two patients were included in the study. Several anatomical and functional characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa-eyes shut homolog were identified, including the presence of cataracts, cystoid macular edema, epiretinal membrane, and a tubular visual field. Genetic results revealed 26 distinct variants in the cohort, with 7 novel variants not previously documented or reported in the scientific literature or databases. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that eyes shut homolog-retinitis pigmentosa manifests in specific patterns, starting in adolescence with mild progression and advancing with age. The integration of multimodal imaging and genetic analysis has provided a detailed understanding of the anatomical and functional features of retinitis pigmentosa-eyes shut homolog. Seven novel variants of the eyes shut homolog gene have been identified. These findings enhance the understanding of eyes shut homolog-related retinitis pigmentosa characteristics of by detailing the spectrum of mutations in this gene within the Brazilian population. Purpose degeneration Methods acuity status records examination field microperimetry tomography autofluorescence photography Results Twentytwo Twenty two pigmentosaeyes identified cataracts edema membrane 2 cohort databases Conclusion homologretinitis patterns age homologrelated related population

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the presence of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium in a large family affected by familial adenomatous polyposis and identify the causative mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene. Thus, we aimed to determine the significance of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium as a phenotypic marker of the disease. Methods: A family consisting of 95 individuals was evaluated. Among these, 45 individuals were randomly selected by convenience sampling method to undergo ophthalmological evaluation. A funduscopic exam, including slit lamp and indirect ophthalmoscopy, were performed in the selected patients. In those with retinal lesions, a retinography was obtained. The adenomatous polyposis coli gene was sequenced in one affected family member to identify the pathogenic mutation. Once the variant was identified, six undiagnosed family members were tested for the mutation via capillary electrophoresis sequencing. Results: Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium was observed in 13 (28.9%) of the 45 individuals evaluated. Of these, nine patients were confirmed to have familial adenomatous polyposis (via colonoscopy or molecular testing). However, four patients had not been investigated. Of the 32 (71.1%) family members without the lesion, 14 did not have familial adenomatous polyposis and 18 were yet to be evaluated. The lesions were bilaterally present and exhibited a peculiar fish-tail shape in all the evaluated individuals. Adenomatous polyposis coli gene sequencing revealed a pathogenic variant c.4031del. (Ser1344*), in heterozygosity (49.27%), in exon 16. Conclusions: The study findings confirmed the significance of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium as a phenotypic marker for familial adenomatous polyposis. Furthermore, it is an effective first-line screening method for at risk family members of such patients. The novel mutation identified in our study participants, which is yet to be described in the literature, causes an aggressive form of the disease. Purpose Thus disease Methods 9 these 4 evaluation exam ophthalmoscopy obtained Results 1 28.9% 289 28 (28.9% testing. testing . testing) However investigated 3 71.1% 711 71 (71.1% lesion fishtail fish tail c4031del cdel c 4031del del c.4031del Ser1344*, Ser1344 Ser Ser1344* , (Ser1344*) 49.27%, 4927 49.27% 49 27 (49.27%) 16 Conclusions Furthermore firstline first line participants literature 28.9 2 (28.9 71.1 7 (71.1 Ser134 (Ser1344* 492 49.27 (49.27% 28. (28. 71. (71. Ser13 (Ser1344 49.2 (49.27 (28 (71 Ser1 (Ser134 49. (49.2 (2 (7 (Ser13 (49. ( (Ser1 (49 (Ser (4

ABSTRACT Purpose: Keratoconus presents certain peculiarities in pediatric patients when compared with adults. The greatest challenge in children is that the disease is more severe and faster in progression. In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare the accelerated and Dresden protocols for corneal crosslinking in patients aged <18 years who were followed-up for at least 12 months. Methods: A total of 36 eyes from 27 patients were included in the study. The best corrected and uncorrected visual acuity, maximal keratometry, corneal thickness, foveal thickness, and endothelial microscopy findings were evaluated at baseline and during the postoperative period at one, three, and six months. Thereafter, the patients were evaluated at one, three, six and twelve months postoperative. Corneal crosslinking was performed in all patients via the Dresden protocol (n=21 eyes) or the accelerated protocol (n=15 eyes). Data between the two groups were compared and XY statistical analysis was used. Results: Both protocols were effective in halting keratoconus progression. No patient had progression at the 12-month follow-up. A significant reduction in Kmax and improvement in the corrected distance visual acuity were observed only in the Dresden protocol group. Although the Dresden protocol was superior to the accelerated protocol in reducing Kmax (p=0.002), there was no significant difference in corrected distance visual acuity between the two groups. Conclusion: The accelerated protocol is as efficient as the Dresden protocol in stabilizing keratoconus progression. Although the Dresden protocol was superior to the accelerated protocol in reducing the Kmax, it did not produce better clinical results. Thus, the accelerated protocol is an efficient option. Furthermore, considering the advantages of reduced surgical time, the accelerated protocol is effective in halting keratoconus progression in the pediatric age group. Purpose adults study 18 <1 followedup followed up 1 Methods 3 2 keratometry thickness one three Thereafter n=21 n21 n 21 (n=2 n=15 n15 15 (n=1 eyes. . used Results 12month month followup. followup follow up. follow-up group p=0.002, p0002 p p=0.002 , 0 002 (p=0.002) Conclusion results Thus option Furthermore time < n=2 n2 (n= n=1 n1 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.002 n= (n p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT Purpose: The microbiology pattern of neonatal conjunctivitis has changed over time, and the incidence of gonococcal conjunctivitis is almost nil. This study aimed to determine the etiology of neonatal conjunctivitis cases referred to a tertiary health center in Brazil. Methods: From 2017 to 2020, conjunctival swabs were taken from neonates with clinical signs of conjunctivitis and tested with bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Results: A total of 51 neonates were included in the 3-year study. Chlamydial conjunctivitis was diagnosed in 39 (76.5%) patients, and microbial growth was detected in 13 (25.5%) patients. The most isolated bacterium was Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=6, 11.8%), followed by other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (n=4, 7.8%) and S. aureus (n=2, 3.9%). One S. aureus isolate was resistant to oxacillin. There were no cases of gonococcal conjunctivitis. Ten (19.6%) patients showed polymerase chain reaction-negative C. trachomatis and negative bacterial culture test results. Conclusion: Findings show that C. trachomatis is the most common pathogen causing neonatal conjunctivitis. The high prevalence of C. trachomatis infection highlights the importance of screening and treating pregnant woman. Purpose time nil Brazil Methods 201 2020 Results 5 3year year 3 76.5% 765 76 (76.5% 1 25.5% 255 25 (25.5% n=6, n6 n 6 (n=6 11.8%, 118 11.8% , 11 8 11.8%) coagulasenegative coagulase n=4, n4 4 (n=4 7.8% 78 7 S n=2, n2 2 (n=2 3.9%. 3.9% . 9 3.9%) oxacillin 19.6% 196 19 (19.6% reactionnegative C results Conclusion woman 20 202 76.5 (76.5 25.5 (25.5 n=6 (n= 11.8 n=4 7.8 n=2 3.9 19.6 (19.6 76. (76. 25. (25. n= (n 11. 7. 3. 19. (19. (76 (25 (19 (7 (2 (1 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the current scenario of rehabilitation services for people with retinal diseases in Brazil. Methods: An exploratory study was conducted between February 2023 and June 2023 using a Google Forms questionnaire that was distributed by patient associations. Results: A total of 142 patients, aged 18-80 were included in the study. Forty-eight participants (33.8%) were undergoing rehabilitation, while 94 (66.2%) were not. The main reason for not undergoing rehabilitation was a lack of knowledge about the service (n=41, 43.6%). Healthcare professionals made the most referrals (n=20, 41.7%). Rehabilitation improved the quality of life in 38 (80.9%) participants, and 28 (62.2%) participants were satisfied with the process. There was a statistically significant disparity between patient satisfaction and the locale of rehabilitation implementation. Twenty-three (69.7%) participants who underwent rehabilitation at a specialized center reported satisfaction. Conclusion: The rehabilitation process directly increases the quality of life of individuals with retinal diseases. However, despite the availability of rehabilitation centers in large parts of Brazil, most patients with retinal diseases are not acquainted with the rehabilitation process and do not receive referrals for it. Thus, healthcare providers should increase referrals to rehabilitation centers, and public policies should be formulated to raise awareness among the population regarding the availability of rehabilitation services. Purpose Brazil Methods 202 associations Results 14 1880 18 80 18-8 Fortyeight Forty eight 33.8% 338 33 8 (33.8% 9 66.2% 662 66 2 (66.2% n=41, n41 n 41 (n=41 43.6%. 436 43.6% . 43 6 43.6%) n=20, n20 20 (n=20 41.7%. 417 41.7% 7 41.7%) 3 80.9% 809 (80.9% 62.2% 622 62 (62.2% implementation Twentythree Twenty three 69.7% 697 69 (69.7% Conclusion However it Thus 1 188 18- 33.8 (33.8 66.2 (66.2 n=41 n4 4 (n=4 43.6 n=20 n2 (n=2 41.7 80.9 (80.9 62.2 (62.2 69.7 (69.7 33. (33. 66. (66. n=4 (n= 43. n=2 41. 80. (80. 62. (62. 69. (69. (33 (66 n= (n (80 (62 (69 (3 (6 (8 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare objective and subjective intraocular pressure measurements immediately after cataract surgery and intraocular pressure measurements between less experienced surgeons (Group 1) and experienced surgeons (Group 2). Methods: Surgeons were asked to estimate the IOP after corneal sealing after surgery based on their tactile perception of eye tension (subjective intraocular pressure) Objective intraocular pressure was measured using a Perkins tonometer while patients were still in the surgical field. Objective intraocular pressure was compared to subjective intraocular pressure. Results from less experienced surgeons were compared to more experienced surgeons. Results: The study comprised 81 surgeries (81 eyes) performed by 27 surgeons. The mean objective intraocular pressure (9.14 mmHg; SD=5.86) was statistically significantly lower (p<0.001) than the mean subjective intraocular pressure (19.21 mmHg; SD=4.82). Hypotony (intraocular pressure <6mmHg) was observed in 25 eyes (30.86%). The mean subjective intraocular pressure was 18.8 mmHg (SD=5.19) for less experienced surgeons and 19.5 mmHg (SD=4.46) for more experienced, without statistically significant difference (p=0.541). No statistically significant difference (p=0.71) was observed when comparing objective intraocular pressure in Group 1 (10.32 mmHg; SD=6.65) and Group 2 (7.97 mmHg; SD=4.7). Conclusion: Objective intraocular pressure was significantly lower than subjective intraocular pressure, regardless of surgeons’ experience. This study showed that the subjective method is unreliable compared to the gold standard (Perkins tonometer) and does not improve with surgeons’ experience. Establishing standard training methods is paramount to developing surgeons’ skills. Purpose 2. . 2) Methods field 8 (8 9.14 914 9 14 (9.1 SD=5.86 SD586 SD 5 86 p<0.001 p0001 p 0 001 (p<0.001 19.21 1921 19 21 (19.2 SD=4.82. SD482 SD=4.82 4 82 SD=4.82) <6mmHg 6mmHg 30.86%. 3086 30.86% 30 (30.86%) 188 18 18. SD=5.19 SD519 (SD=5.19 195 19. SD=4.46 SD446 46 (SD=4.46 p=0.541. p0541 p=0.541 541 (p=0.541) p=0.71 p071 71 (p=0.71 10.32 1032 10 32 (10.3 SD=6.65 SD665 6 65 7.97 797 7 97 (7.9 SD=4.7. SD47 SD=4.7 SD=4.7) Conclusion experience skills ( 9.1 91 (9. SD=5.8 SD58 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 19.2 192 (19. SD48 SD=4.8 308 30.86 3 (30.86% SD=5.1 SD51 (SD=5.1 SD=4.4 SD44 (SD=4.4 p054 p=0.54 54 (p=0.541 p=0.7 p07 (p=0.7 10.3 103 (10. SD=6.6 SD66 7.9 79 (7. SD4 SD=4. 9. (9 SD=5. SD5 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 (19 30.8 (30.86 (SD=5. (SD=4. p05 p=0.5 (p=0.54 p=0. p0 (p=0. 10. (10 SD=6. SD6 7. (7 SD=4 SD=5 p<0. (p<0. (1 30. (30.8 (SD=5 (SD=4 (p=0.5 p=0 (p=0 SD=6 SD= p<0 (p<0 (30. (SD= p= (p= p< (p< (30 (SD (p (3

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the total macular thickness as well as the thickness of the inner and outer retinal layers in patients with Parkinson’s disease. It also aimed to verify the correlation of these parameters with motor symptoms and cognitive function. Methods: A total of 46 eyes of 23 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 40 eyes of 20 healthy controls were included in the study. The patients’ cognitive, functional, and nonmotor symptoms were evaluated using the Katz Index of Independence and Pfeffer’s Activities of Daily Living, Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery, Schwab and England Staging Scales, and Movement Disorders Society Nonmotor Symptoms Scale. The macular thickness measurements obtained via total, inner, and outer optical coherence tomography were recorded. Furthermore, the correlation of the parameters of optical coherence tomography with cognitive, functional, and nonmotor symptoms was assessed. Results: The scores of the Katz Index of Independence and Pfeffer’s Activities of Daily Living as well as the Movement Disorders Society Nonmotor Symptoms Scale were significantly lower in patients with Parkinson’s disease than in healthy controls. Moreover, the former had greater total macular thickness. The temporal and inferior outer sectors were significantly greater for the ganglion cell complex thickness in patients. A significant correlation was observed between the total macular thickness and the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, Parte III (MDS-UPDRS-III) values. Contrarily, there was a negative correlation between the outer macular thickness and the MDS-UPDRS-III values. Meanwhile, the total macular thickness and ganglion cell complex thickness were significantly correlated with the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Schwab and England Staging Scale, Frontal Assessment Battery, and Katz Index of Independence and Pfeffer’s Activities of Daily Living. In addition, the Schwab and England scale was correlated with the outer macular thickness. Conclusion: The total and inner macular thicknesses at the temporal and inferior outer sectors were greater in patients with Parkinson’s disease than in the control group. These findings indicate that macular thickness may be greater in those with Parkinson’s disease, particularly when associated with mild motor symptoms. In addition, the parameters of the total, inner, and outer optical coherence tomography were significantly associated with motor and nonmotor symptoms as well as cognitive function impairment. Purpose Parkinsons Parkinson s Methods 4 2 functional Pfeffers Pfeffer MiniMental Mini Mental Examination Battery Scales recorded Furthermore assessed Results Moreover SocietyUnified Unified MDSUPDRSIII MDS UPDRS (MDS-UPDRS-III values Contrarily Meanwhile addition Conclusion group impairment

ABSTRACT: In the state of Amazonas, the ‘Pêra’ orange scion is traditionally cultivated on ‘Rangpur’ lime tree. The restricted use of a single scion-rootstock combination has left local orchards vulnerable to adverse conditions and incidence of pests and diseases, which may negatively interfere with both productivity and fruit quality and the citrus activity sustainability in the state. The expansion of the number of scion-rootstock combinations becomes a viable alternative to overcome such problems. To meet this demand from citrus growers, 30 combinations with 10 scions and 3 rootstocks were evaluated in the sixth and seventh year after planting seedlings in the field in the municipality of Rio Preto da Eva, AM. In this experiment, productivity, juice yield, soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, ratio and technological index were evaluated. ‘Pineapple’ scion with ‘Sunki Tropical’ and ‘BRS Bravo’ rootstocks can be productive alternatives in relation to traditional ‘Pêra’ orange scion under ‘Rangpur’ lime combination in the state of Amazonas. ‘Lima’ orange with ‘Sunki Tropical’ mandarin, ‘Rangpur lime SC’ and ‘BRS Bravo’ lime rootstocks can be alternatives for the fresh market in the state. Combinations that showed good fruit quality are ‘Pêra’, ‘Salustiana’, ‘Valência Tuxpan’ and ‘Westin’ scions with ‘BRS Bravo’ rootstock, and ‘Pêra D6’ scion with ‘Rangpur lime SC’ lemon rootstock. These combinations are alternatives for the diversification of orchards in the state of Amazonas. ABSTRACT Amazonas Pêra Rangpur tree scionrootstock rootstock diseases problems growers 1 Eva AM experiment yield solids pH acidity ‘Pineapple Pineapple Sunki Tropical BRS Bravo ‘Lima Lima mandarin SC ‘Pêra, , ‘Salustiana, Salustiana ‘Salustiana ‘Salustiana’ Valência Tuxpan ‘Westin Westin D6 D

RESUMO: No estado do Amazonas cultiva-se, tradicionalmente, a laranjeira ‘Pêra’ sobre o limoeiro ‘Cravo’. O uso restrito de uma única combinação de copa-porta-enxerto tem deixado os pomares locais vulneráveis à condições adversas e a incidência de pragas e doenças, podendo interferir negativamente tanto na produtividade como na qualidade dos frutos e sustentabilidade citrícola do Estado. A ampliação do número de combinações-copas-porta-enxertos torna-se uma alternativa viável para superar tais problemas. Para atender a esta demanda dos produtores de citros foram avaliadas 30 combinações com 10 copas e três porta-enxertos no sexto e sétimo ano após o plantio das mudas no campo, no município de Rio Preto da Eva, AM. Nesse experimento foram avaliadas: a produtividade, o rendimento de suco, os sólidos solúveis, o pH, a acidez titulável, o ratio e o índice tecnológico. A copa ‘Pineapple’ com os porta-enxertos tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’ e ‘BRS Bravo’ podem ser alternativas produtivas em relação a tradicional combinação laranja ‘Pêra’ sob limoeiro ‘Cravo’ no Amazonas. A copa laranja ‘Lima’ com os porta-enxertos tangerineira ‘Sunki Tropical’, limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’ e ‘BRS Bravo’ podem ser alternativas para o mercado in natura no estado. As combinações que apresentaram boa qualidade do fruto são as copas ‘Pêra’, ‘Salustiana’, ‘Valência Tuxpan’ e ‘Westin’ com o porta-enxerto ‘BRS Bravo’, e a copa ‘Pêra D6’ com o porta-enxerto limoeiro ‘Cravo Santa Cruz’. Estas combinações são alternativas para a diversificação dos pomares do estado do Amazonas. RESUMO cultivase, cultivase cultiva se, se cultiva-se tradicionalmente Pêra ‘Cravo. Cravo . copaportaenxerto porta enxerto doenças Estado combinaçõescopasportaenxertos enxertos tornase torna problemas 3 1 portaenxertos campo Eva AM suco solúveis pH titulável tecnológico ‘Pineapple Pineapple Sunki Tropical BRS Bravo ‘Lima Lima Tropical, , Cruz ‘Pêra, ‘Salustiana, Salustiana ‘Salustiana ‘Salustiana’ Valência Tuxpan ‘Westin Westin portaenxerto Bravo, D6 D Cruz.