Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the conditions of both failing and non-failing students in relation to the disciplinary measures and sanctions implemented in secondary schools in the city of Chihuahua. Data from 479 students were examined, including 109 who currently had at least one failing subject. The instrument used was a Likert-scale survey focused on the perception of violence-related situations in the school environment. The survey was divided into three sections: Performance and school environment; Behavior and Bullying. The most notable results indicate that punishments and sanctions are more closely related to situations within the school environment that become monotonous, as well as the presence of aggressive behaviors from teachers and the application of various types of sanctions. These circumstances lead to learning difficulties for the students and, consequently, higher rates of school failure.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as condições dos alunos reprovados e não reprovados em relação às medidas disciplinares e sanções implementadas nas escolas secundárias da cidade de Chihuahua. Para isso, foram examinados dados de 479 alunos, incluindo 109 que naquele momento tinham pelo menos uma disciplina reprovada. O instrumento utilizado foi uma pesquisa com escala tipo Likert focada na percepção de situações violentas no ambiente escolar. A pesquisa foi dividida em três seções: desempenho escolar e ambiente, comportamento e bullying. Os resultados mais notáveis indicam que as punições e sanções estão mais relacionadas com situações do ambiente escolar que se tornam monótonas, bem como com a presença de comportamentos agressivos por parte dos professores e a aplicação de diferentes tipos de sanções. Estas circunstâncias acarretam dificuldades no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos e, consequentemente, maiores índices de fracasso escolar.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las condiciones de los estudiantes reprobados y no reprobados en relación con las medidas disciplinarias y sanciones implementadas en escuelas secundarias de la ciudad de Chihuahua. Para ello, se examinaron los datos de 479 estudiantes, incluyendo 109 que en ese momento tenían al menos una materia reprobada. El instrumento utilizado fue una encuesta con escala tipo Likert enfocada en la percepción de situaciones de violencia en el entorno escolar. La encuesta se dividió en tres secciones: desempeño y ambiente escolar, comportamiento y bullying. Los resultados más destacados señalan que los castigos y sanciones están más relacionadas con situaciones en el entorno escolar que se vuelven monótonas, así como con la presencia de comportamientos agresivos por parte de los docentes y la aplicación de distintos tipos de sanciones. Estas circunstancias conducen a dificultades en el proceso de aprendizaje por parte de los estudiantes y, como resultado, a tasas más altas de reprobación escolar.

In the majority of South African schools, maintaining discipline remains a challenge - a situation which commands the attention of departmental officials both locally and internationally. When negative disciplinary approaches were prohibited in schools in this country, positive disciplinary measures were recommended in the form of a code of conduct for learners. In the study reported on here we examined the challenges that teachers face in using a code of conduct to maintain positive discipline among the learner cohort. The study was guided by positive discipline and democratic theories. These theories imply that discipline must be taught to learners so that they are equipped to behave appropriately and obey the school/classroom rules. Data were gathered from a total of 16 educators in 2 sampled schools in Pinetown, Durban, through semi-structured interviews, observation and document review. The findings reveal that a variety of challenges impeded the use of a learners' code of conduct, including a failure to review the document on a regular basis. The content of those codes was not widely communicated either, which meant that they remained ineffective in addressing each school's specific needs with regard to correcting misbehaviour. Based on the findings, we recommend that the Department of Basic Education raise awareness around democratic governance in schools to enhance positive discipline by means of up-to-date, enforced codes of conduct. Schools also need to encourage parents to be actively involved in their children's schooling, as a means of supporting teachers.

Résumé Le texte discute une situation survenue dans une fonction publique désignée pour accueillir des jeunes vivant dans des quartiers vulnérables. Le service comprenait 20 jeunes de 12 à 18 ans et les réunions se sont déroulées dans un établissement de formation policière. Inspirées par la théorie de Gilles Deleuze, ce texte analyse 1) un événement survenu dans l’institution policière, 2) qu’elles en ont été ses conséquences et 3) comment le professionnel responsable a agi pour faire face à l’événement dans un contexte de groupe. À un moment donné au cours des réunions, l’institution de formation a adopté des mesures disciplinaires qui disqualifiaient la culture des jeunes participants, ce qui a conduit le groupe à se forger une identité collective basée sur la résistance à la violence symbolique. Par conséquent, une expérience de rassemblement communautaire a émergé face à la situation conflictuelle. vulnérables 2 1 policière Deleuze linstitution l institution quelles qu elles 3 lévénement participants symbolique conséquent conflictuelle

Resumen El texto se refiere a una situación ocurrida en un servicio público designado para trabajar con jóvenes que viven en zonas vulnerables de la ciudad. El servicio incluyó a 20 jóvenes de entre 12 y 18 años y las reuniones se ubicaron en una institución de capacitación policial. Este texto analiza 1) un suceso que ocurrió en la institución policial, 2) cuáles fueron sus consecuencias y 3) cómo actuó el profesional responsable del servicio para enfrentar el suceso en un contexto grupal. El análisis de esta situación y la referencia teórica que apoyó los actos profesionales se inspiraron en la teoría de Gilles Deleuze. En algún momento de los encuentros, la institución de capacitación policial adoptó medidas disciplinarias que descalificaron la cultura de los jóvenes participantes, lo que llevó al grupo a constituir una identidad colectiva basada en la resistencia contra la violencia simbólica. Por lo tanto, ante la situación conflictiva, fue posible una experiencia de reunión comunitaria. ciudad 2 1 3 grupal Deleuze encuentros participantes simbólica tanto conflictiva comunitaria

Abstract This paper discusses a situation that occurred in a public youth service for young people living in vulnerable city areas. The service worked with 20 young people aged between 12 and 18 years and the meetings took place at a police training institution. Inspired by Gilles Deleuze’s theory, this text analyzes 1) an event that occurred at the police institution, 2) their consequences and 3) how the professional responsible dealt with the event in a group context. At some point in the meetings, the police training institution adopted disciplinary measures that disqualified the participants’ culture, leading the group to create a collective identity to resist symbolic violence. Thus, a community gathering experience emerged in the face of the conflicted situation. areas 2 1 Deleuzes Deleuze s theory 3 context participants culture violence Thus

Resumo Este texto traz um relato de experiência advindo das atividades de uma orientadora social realizado no Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos (SCFV) de um Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (Cras) situado na Grande Florianópolis (SC). O serviço integrou 20 jovens com idade entre 12 e 18 anos no espaço de uma instituição de formação policial. Este trabalho analisará: (1) um acontecimento ocorrido na instituição policial; (2) quais foram os seus desdobramentos; e (3) como a orientadora social atuou na mediação do grupo. A análise da do relato de experiência e a mediação da orientadora social foram embasadas no conceito de acontecimento de Gilles Deleuze. No decorrer dos encontros, a instituição parceira do projeto adotou medidas disciplinares que desqualificavam a cultura proveniente dos cotidiano dos(as) jovens participantes, o que levou o grupo a constituir uma identidade coletiva a partir da resistência à violência simbólica. Assim, diante da situação-problema, tornou-se possível uma experiência de fortalecimentos de laços comunitários. SCFV (SCFV Cras (Cras SC. SC . (SC) 2 1 policial analisará (1 (2 desdobramentos 3 (3 Deleuze encontros dosas as dos(as participantes simbólica Assim situaçãoproblema, situaçãoproblema situação problema, problema situação-problema tornouse tornou se comunitários (SC (

This paper reexamines Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre through a Foucauldian lens, focusing on how traditional societal structures and the rise of capitalism impact women in 19th-century Britain, as observed by literary critic Sandra M. Gilbert and Gayatri C. Spivak. It analyses Jane's journey through oppressive environments such as Gateshead Hall, Lowood School, Thornfield Hall, and Marsh End, culminating in her retreat to Ferndean Manor. These settings are interpreted as sites of power that impose disciplinary measures on Jane, both physically and mentally, with windows symbolising possible escape routes. The study argues that Jane represents a female rebel challenging patriarchal constraints and seeking personal freedom and equality. Despite her attempts to transcend societal and economic confines, her ultimate settlement at Ferndean Manor highlights the persistent influence of the old societal order, illustrating the novel's realism and the complex, inescapable nature of reality. This interpretation enriches the ongoing scholarly discussion about Jane Eyre in light of its relevance to discussions of gender, power dynamics, and societal change.

Abstract: This judgment comment will analyze the application of due process and the best interests of the child as principles that must be observed in the disciplinary procedures that take place in educational establishments, generating an obligation for them in order to apply the Manual of School Coexistence under equality criteria, adopting pedagogical and psychosocial measures that are assigned to a training process and not necessarily sanctioning.

Resumen: El presente comentario de sentencia analizará la aplicación del debido proceso y del interés superior del niño como principios que deben observar- se en los procedimientos disciplinarios que tienen lugar en los establecimientos educacionales, generando una obligación para éstos en orden a aplicar el Manual de Convivencia Escolar bajo criterios de igualdad, adoptando medidas pedagógicas y psicosociales que se adscriban a un proceso formativo y no necesariamente sancionatorio.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar estudios carcelarios sobre la experiencia de maternidad en la cárcel de algunos países latino americanos y relacionarlos con los conceptos de institución totalitaria de la cárcel de Goffman (1984), de la función de vigilar y castigar de Foucault (1998) y del sujeto agente carcelaria de Montero Lucic (2005). La metodología empleada es la revisión bibliográfica. Se revisarán los siguientes aspectos de la maternidad carcelaria en los centros penitenciarios en Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Uruguay, México y Brasil: los derechos reproductivos de las mujeres encarceladas, el derecho a la capacitación y trabajo de las madres encarceladas, la infra-estructura de los centros penitenciarios para madres e hijos, las medidas disciplinarias para madres encarceladas, programas de cuidados especiales penitenciarios para mujeres embarazadas. Los resultados indican que la cárcel para las reclusas madres latinoamericanas representa generalmente una institución de control, vigilante y castigadora e infrecuentemente les permita una posición de “sujeto agente” generando sus propias estrategias de adaptación en el cautiverio.

Abstract: This article aims to present prison studies on the maternity experience in prison in Latin American countries and relate them to the concepts of totalitarian institution of Goffman's prison (1984), Foucault's function of monitoring and punishing (1998) and prison agent subject of Montero Lucic (2005). The methodology used is the bibliographical review. This paper will review aspects of prison maternity in Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Uruguay, Mexico and Brazil: the reproductive rights of incarcerated women, the right to training and work of incarcerated mothers, the infrastructure of penitentiary centers for mothers and children, the disciplinary measures for incarcerated mothers, and special penitentiary care programs for pregnant women. The results indicate that prisons for Latin American mother inmates mostly represent a controlling, vigilant, and punishing institution which infrequently allows them a position of "agent subject" to generate their own adaptation strategies in captivity.

Resumen Este artículo analiza los sentidos de las intervenciones socioeducativas que se llevan adelante en un dispositivo territorial encargado de la implementación de medidas alternativas al encierro y al proceso judicial en el sistema penal juvenil de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), en el período 2018-2020. Desde un enfoque socioantropológico y de género, se recupera la perspectiva de los actores, principalmente de los jóvenes (varones). A partir de observaciones participantes, entrevistas y análisis documental, se destacan los sentidos en torno a la libertad de circulación y también de expresión, y a la posibilidad de construir demanda propia. Estos sentidos emergen a partir del vínculo entre los actores y matizan los aspectos reactivos y disciplinatorios del control social penal.

Abstract This article analyzes the meanings of the socio-educational interventions that are carried out in a territorial device in charge of the implementation of alternative measures to confinement and the judicial process in the juvenile penal system of the Province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) in the period 2018-2020. From a socio-anthropological and gender perspective, the perspective of the actors, mainly young people (men), is recovered. Based on participant observations, interviews and documentary analysis, the meanings around freedom of movement and also of expression, and the possibility of building one's own demand are highlighted. These meanings emerge from the link between the actors and nuance the reactive and disciplinary aspects of penal social control.

Resumo Este artigo analisa os significados das intervenções socioeducativas que são realizadas em um dispositivo territorial encarregado da implementação de medidas alternativas ao confinamento e ao processo judicial no sistema penal juvenil da Província de Buenos Aires (Argentina) no período 2018-2020. A partir de uma perspectiva socioantropológica e de gênero, recupera-se a perspectiva dos atores, principalmente os jovens (homens). A partir de observações participantes, entrevistas e análise documental, destacam-se os significados em torno da liberdade de locomoção e também de expressão, e a possibilidade de construção da própria demanda. Esses significados emergem da articulação entre os atores e matizam os aspectos reativos e disciplinares do controle social penal.

Resumen: La finalidad de la violencia es doblegar la voluntad de quien la padece, y si es en una cárcel, se representa con intencionalidad de modificar estructuras psíquicas de la persona penada. Desde la inclusión del papel del entorno psicosocial en la definición de salud, se reconsidera a los equipos técnicos penitenciarios, apostando por una acción que vaya más allá de la lógica securitaria. El tratamiento penitenciario es una oportunidad de cambio, más si se basa en derechos -y en el derecho a la salud- para tratar el sufrimiento. En el caso de los trastornos del límite, por más que la persona presa sea sujeto de derecho, se precisa un tratamiento penitenciario sin métodos de control ni dispositivos productores de exclusión, segregación o aislamiento. Se propugna una mirada ética en la que se tenga en cuenta la subjetividad de personas vulnerables y vulneradas, y que se traduzca en prácticas concretas sobre el uso de las medicaciones, el consumo de drogas, el aislamiento, las medidas disciplinarias y el trabajo en red, entre otras posibles. Ahí el trabajo en red, en lo institucional y lo comunitario, es una vía primordial.

Abstract: The purpose of violence is to bend the will of the person who suffers it, and, if this occurs in a prison, it is carried out with the intention of modifying the psychic structures of the punished person. With the inclusion of the role of the psychosocial environment in the definition of health, the prison technical teams are reconsidered, committing to an action that goes further than the security logic. Prison treatment is an opportunity for change, especially if it is based on rights –and the right to health– to deal with suffering. When it comes to boundary disorders, even if the prisoner is a subject of law, prison treatment without methods of control or devices that produce exclusion, segregation or isolation is required. An ethical perspective in which the subjectivity of vulnerable and violated people is taken into account and is reflected into concrete practices on the use of medications, drug use, isolation, disciplinary measures and networking, among other possible ones, is advocated. There, networking, institutionally and community-based, is a primary path.

Abstract The canonical planning and historiographical perspectives concerning the Italian cities in the second post-war period describe their complex modernization and expansion process mainly due to linear sequences of planning acts and policies. The public housing estates, their models, strategies, and agents are the consolidated interpretative categories to address the Italian boom. The paper aims to question this understanding of the role played by the public powers facing the planning agreements as underexplored tools of Italian planning. Their original interpretation in connection with the post-war Italian planning legislation and the tools of the City and Detailed Plans opens to a nuanced history in the relationship between the public and private sectors, and the practices in the central and expansion areas of the post-war cities. In the Italian legislative context, planning agreements are long-standing arrangements between the public administration and public or private actors, aiming at organizing and disciplining expertise and goods for planning purposes. Mainly interpreted as technical measures to overcome the City Plans constraints in the expansion areas, they rather reflect a stratified experience of punctual negotiation throughout the city, offering a privileged lens to observe tools and practices, professional and administrative networks, demands for social emancipation and renewal of planning processes, at the centre of a complex system of actors, habits, disciplinary and critical positions, leading to a reinterpretation of cultural and professional backgrounds and of social and negotiation processes, which is crucial for a complex reading of the post-war Italian cities. In the second post-war period, the city of Milan offers a significant framework to observe the use and critical understanding of this tool, being at the core of the disciplinary debate and professional expectations of the 1950s and 60s. The meaningful case study of Piazza della Repubblica tower, one of the best-known post-war projects by the architect Giovanni Muzio, is provided.

Resumo Este artigo analisa o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - ECA em sua seção relativa ao ato infracional e as narrativas de exame da magistratura e da promotoria atuantes no sistema de justiça juvenil. Entende-se que o ECA e as narrativas de exame são forjados com o poder disciplinar, na lógica que o concerne, constituindo-se em vetores para sua expansão. É exposta a articulação entre esse poder e a lei do ECA, assim como entre ele e as narrativas. Por fim, é dada visibilidade ao perfil/tipo de adolescente suscetível à maior intensidade punitiva no interior do sistema socioeducativo. As noções de sociedade/poder disciplinar e exame pensadas por Michel Foucault são guias orientadores desta reflexão.

Abstract This article analyses the Brazilian Child and Adolescent Statute - ECA in its section on the infraction act and the magistrature and prosecution´s exam narratives in the juvenile justice system. It is understood that ECA and exam narratives are forged with the disciplinary power, in the logic that concerns it, comprising vectors for its expansion. The articulation between this power and the ECA law, as well as between it and the narratives, is exposed. Finally, the profile/type of adolescent susceptible to greater punitive intensity within the socio-educational system is given visibility. The notions of society/disciplinary power and examination thought by Michel Foucault are orienting guides of this reflection.

Abstract Background: A team of 3 scientometrists led by John loannidis published in 2020 an extensive and updated data-base (ca. 6.9 million researchers in 22 disciplines and 176 sub-disciplines), ordering them according to a composite bibliometric index that measures their whole trajectory (career-long) impact and their annual impact at year 2019. They reported the top 100,000 scientists (1.45% across all disciplinary fields) or the top 2% of each subfield discipline, thus publishing the ranking of ca. 150,000 researchers worldwide. Methods and findings: We filtered that information for the disciplinary and sub-disciplinary areas corresponding to Ecology and identified a total of 14 ecologists with residence in Chile that appear in either of those two world�wide rankings. We report their measured productivity as both whole trajectory (career-long) and as annual impact at year 2019. We attribute their high registered productivity to their training at the doctoral level in prestigious foreign universities, their academic positions in internationally recognized Chilean universities, and their participation in state-�funded research centers of scientific excellence. Exceptions to the rule are presented. Conclusions: The 14 ecologists identified with the scientometric algorithm proposed by loannidis and coworkers include, but are not restricted, to the most cited ecologists in Chile. We put forth possible reasons for some puzzling omissions from these rankings.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In plastic surgery, a lack of ethical and moral behavior by professionals can result in unfortunate circumstances and can justify ethical-disciplinary procedures. OBJECTIVE: To review 421 plastic surgery professional-misconduct cases filed before the São Paulo State Medical Board (CREMESP) between 2008 and 2017. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a medical council. METHODS: The cases were categorized according to sex, age, medical specialty (plastic surgery, other field or none), medical ethics code chapter(s) involved, ethics code articles violated and board ruling/outcome. RESULTS: Most of the defendants were men over 40 years of age who were experienced in their professional practice and who graduated from public and private universities all over Brazil; 47.74% had a specialist title in plastic surgery. Violation of professional responsibility (medical malpractice, recklessness or negligence) was the commonest complaint (28.43%), followed by medical advertising (24.19%) and poor doctor-patient relationship (10.39%), in violation of articles 18, 51, 75 and 1. Among the 233 cases adjudicated over this period, 133 resulted in disciplinary sanction, 80 were ruled in the physician’s favor and 20 were dismissed. CONCLUSION: Classification of plastic surgery professional-misconduct cases creates possibilities for adopting preventive measures for good practice in this specialty, which would consequently reduce the number of complaints to the regional medical boards.

Resumo A corrupção na administração pública brasileira vem adquirindo maior centralidade graças aos sucessivos escândalos desvendados no país. As instituições públicas federais de ensino superior (Ifes) não passaram incólumes por esse contexto, chamando a atenção por se tratar de organizações voltadas à promoção da formação intelectual e cidadã. Este artigo analisa de que forma o ambiente organizacional se configura para o combate à corrupção por meio de um estudo de caso nas 17 Ifes de Minas Gerais. Para isso, verificam-se as características relacionadas com a corrupção em processos disciplinares administrativos (PADs), instaurados de 2015 a 2019, e entrevistam-se servidores que participavam da condução desses processos. A despeito de a maioria dos entrevistados não ter uma percepção clara do fenômeno da corrupção nas Ifes, os achados da pesquisa indicam que os principais fatores do ambiente organizacional referentes à integridade que contribuem para o combate à corrupção correspondem aos canais para manifestação de denúncia, aos mecanismos de controle externo e interno, aos instrumentos de promoção da ética e às regras de conduta, transparência e acesso à informação. Em termos de estrutura, constata-se que o corporativismo é o principal empecilho do ambiente organizacional no combate à corrupção. Para isso, sugere-se o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras voltadas a verificar a institucionalização das medidas da integridade nas Ifes como estratégia de combate à corrupção.

Abstract: Corruption in the Brazilian public administration has gained centrality due to the successive scandals unveiled in the country. The public higher education institutions (HEIs) did not go unscathed, bringing attention to the fact that they are organizations aimed at promoting citizenship and intellectual education. This article analyzed how the organizational environment is configured to fight corruption through a case study of the 17 HEIs in Minas Gerais. We verified characteristics related to corruption in administrative disciplinary proceedings established between 2015 and 2019 and interviewed civil servants who participated in the conduction of these processes. Although most interviewees did not have a clear perception of corruption in the HEIs, the research findings indicated the main factors related to integrity that contribute to fighting corruption in the organizational environment. These factors are the complaints channels, external and internal control mechanisms, instruments for promoting ethics and rules of conduct, transparency, and access to information. In terms of structure, it was found that corporatism was the main obstacle to fight corruption in the organizational environment. The study points out the need for future research to verify the institutionalization of integrity measures in the HEIs as a strategy to combat corruption.

Resumen La corrupción en la administración pública brasileña ha ido adquiriendo mayor centralidad debido a los sucesivos escándalos develados en el país. Las instituciones públicas federales de educación superior (Ifes) no permanecieron indemnes a este contexto, llamando la atención por tratarse de organizaciones orientadas a promover la educación intelectual y ciudadana. Este artículo analizó cómo se configura el entorno organizacional para combatir la corrupción a través de un estudio de caso en las 17 Ifes de Minas Gerais. Para ello, se verificaron las características relacionadas con la corrupción en los procesos administrativos disciplinarios (PAD) instaurados de 2015 a 2019 y se entrevistó a los funcionarios que participaron en la conducción de estos procesos. A pesar de que la mayoría de los entrevistados no tuviera una percepción clara del fenómeno de la corrupción en las Ifes, los hallazgos de la investigación indicaron que los principales factores del entorno organizacional relacionados con la integridad que contribuyen a la lucha contra la corrupción corresponden a los canales para la manifestación de denuncias, mecanismos de control externo e interno, instrumentos de promoción de la ética y reglas de conducta, transparencia y acceso a la información. En términos de estructura, se encontró que el corporativismo era el principal obstáculo del entorno organizacional en la lucha contra la corrupción. Se sugiere desarrollar investigaciones futuras orientadas a verificar la institucionalización de las medidas de integridad en las Ifes como estrategia de combate a la corrupción.

Resumen Una educación de carácter humanista implica no sólo el aprendizaje de los contenidos disciplinares o cognitivos. Es importante que los futuros maestros desarrollen su inteligencia emocional a través de habilidades que les permitan conocer, aceptar y regular sus emociones para conseguir estados de bienestar subjetivo y establecer relaciones constructivas con los demás. En el presente artículo se ofrece un estudio de carácter cuantitativo no experimental descriptivo, cuya intención fue examinar la forma en que se vinculan las habilidades de la inteligencia emocional con el estado anímico de 399 estudiantes normalistas de Guanajuato, Puebla y Ciudad de México. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: el TMM24, que mide rasgos de la inteligencia emocional y la Escala de Activación Positiva y Negativa (PANAS). Entre los principales hallazgos destaca: 1) el estado de ánimo positivo del estudiantado participante está encaminado a la toma de decisiones, orgullo y atención en el entorno; mientras que el polo del estado negativo muestra rasgos de preocupación; 2) se necesita fortalecer las habilidades de atención y claridad emocional en el grupo participante con la finalidad de alcanzar un nivel adecuado, y 3) mejorar los niveles de las habilidades emocionales podría aumentar el estado anímico del estudiantado normalista.

Abstract A humanistic education implies not only the learning of the disciplinary or cognitive contents. It is very important that future teachers develop their emotional intelligence through skills that allow them to know, accept and regulate their emotions to achieve states of subjective well-being and establish constructive relationships with others. This article offers a descriptive, non-experimental, quantitative study with the intention to examine how Emotional Intelligence skills are linked to the mood of 399 preservice teachers from Guanajuato, Puebla, and Mexico City. We used two instruments: the TMM24 that measures Emotional Intelligence traits and the Positive and Negative Activation Scale (PANAS). Among the main findings, the following stand out: 1) the positive mood of the participating student body is aimed at decision-making, pride, and care in the environment; while the pole of the negative state shows features of concern; 2) it is necessary to strengthen the skills of attention and emotional clarity in the participating group to reach an adequate level; and 3) improving the levels of emotional skills could boost the mood of preservice teachers.

Learner discipline is one of the bases of effective teaching and learning. If learners are not well disciplined, schools will not provide the best possible education. Therefore, it is important that good disciplinary measures and procedures be put in place in any school. In this article we investigate how learners in schools are currently being disciplined without violating their human rights. The nature and the causes of learners' disciplinary problems are fundamental. A qualitative data-collection approach was employed in this research. Purposive non-probability sampling was used to select the participants for the study. Experienced educators from school disciplinary committees, Representative Councils of Learners (RCLs) and the school principals of 4 schools were interviewed. We found that the common causes of learners' disciplinary problems varied from school to school. Furthermore, effective school management was found to be at the heart of learner discipline and the general academic performance of the school. We recommend that parents as first teachers should instill values and morals for their children to distinguish right from wrong.