ABSTRACT The development of aquaculture through the cultivation of what are considered unconventional species is an option with the potential to solve the problem of food scarcity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the zootechnical performance of juvenile Pomacea haustrum fed different commercial diets, and subjected to different levels of salinity. After seven P. haustrum spawn had hatched in the laboratory, the juveniles were randomly selected and transferred to the rearing containers. Two different commercial diets were offered: rabbit feed with a high proportion of ingredients rich in crude vegetable protein (VP), and dog food containing balanced levels of ingredients rich in crude vegetable and animal protein (MP). The selected juveniles were randomly stocked at different salinities (0, 2 and 4 parts per thousand - ppt). The experiment lasted 65 days. Twenty-one hours after the start of the experiment, 100% of the individuals reared at a salinity of 4 ppt had died. There was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the results for zootechnical performance (average final weight, weight gain, average final growth, specific growth rate, protein efficiency and apparent feed conversion) for animals reared in fresh water or at a salinity of 2 ppt, regardless of the type of diet. The origin of the protein in the diet had no significant effect on the zootechnical performance of the individuals; however, the salinity of the water impaired development of the animals in direct proportion to its concentration. scarcity P laboratory containers offered VP, VP , (VP) MP. MP . (MP) 0, 0 (0 ppt. ppt) 6 days Twentyone Twenty one 100 died p 0.05 005 05 gain rate conversion however concentration (VP (MP ( 10 0.0 00 1 0.

ABSTRACT Beans are a vital component of the human diet, being able to supply a large part of the daily protein requirements of individuals, in addition to containing considerable amounts of iron, calcium, vitamins, carbohydrates, fiber, and lysine. Controlled germination is an accessible and effective technique that aims to improve the nutritional, functional, and sensory qualities of seeds intended for food consumption. This study aimed to characterize fresh and germinated beans of Phaseolus vulgaris (carioca, branco, preto, gordo varieties) and Vigna unguiculata (cowpea). The germination process was conducted in trays containing the sand substrate (350 g) in the environmental conditions of the laboratory. The fresh and germinated beans were evaluated for physicochemical variables in triplicate. The germination process increased moisture content, water activity, ash, pH, soluble alcohol acidity, proteins, ascorbic acid, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. On the other hand, there was a reduction in the content of lipids, starch, and total sugars in bean seeds. With the increase in bioactive compounds, it was found that the germination process is an excellent method for increasing the nutritional quality of beans. diet individuals iron calcium vitamins carbohydrates fiber lysine functional consumption carioca, carioca (carioca branco preto varieties cowpea. cowpea . (cowpea) 350 (35 g laboratory triplicate activity ash pH acidity proteins acid phenols tannins flavonoids anthocyanins carotenoids hand lipids starch compounds (cowpea 35 (3 3 (

RESUMO O feijão é um importante componente da dieta humana, sendo capaz de suprir grande parte das necessidades proteicas diárias dos indivíduos, além de conter quantidades consideráveis de ferro, cálcio, vitaminas, carboidratos, fibras e lisina. A germinação controlada é uma técnica acessível e eficaz que visa melhorar as qualidades nutricionais, funcionais e sensoriais de sementes destinadas ao consumo alimentar. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar feijão Phaseolus vulgaris das variedades carioca, branco, preto, gordo e feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) in natura e germinado. O processo de germinação foi realizado em bandejas contendo substrato areia (350 g), em condições ambientais de laboratório. Em seguida, os grãos in natura e germinados foram avaliados quanto às variáveis físico-químicas em triplicata. A germinação do feijão aumentou o teor de umidade, atividade de água, cinzas, pH, acidez álcool solúvel, proteínas, ácido ascórbico, fenóis, taninos, flavonóides, antocianinas e carotenóides. Por outro lado, houve redução no teor de lipídios, amido e açúcares totais nas sementes de feijão. Com o aumento dos compostos bioativos, constatou-se que o processo de germinação é um excelente método para aumentar a qualidade nutricional do feijão. humana indivíduos ferro cálcio vitaminas carboidratos lisina nutricionais alimentar carioca branco preto feijãocaupi caupi Vigna unguiculata germinado 350 (35 g, g , g) laboratório seguida físicoquímicas físico químicas triplicata umidade água cinzas pH solúvel proteínas ascórbico fenóis taninos flavonóides carotenóides lado lipídios bioativos constatouse constatou se 35 (3 3 (

ABSTRACT In response to global concerns over food scarcity, the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) has emerged as a promising alternative due to its rich composition of carbohydrates (starch), protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. This study aims to assess the physicochemical characteristics and nutritional content of different sweet potato landraces cultivated in Yucatan, Mexico. The study involved the evaluation of eight landraces of sweet potato cultivated in traditional farming systems, assessing both physicochemical and proximate composition variables, and determining the starch yield, starch color, protein content, swelling degree, and starch solubility index. The sweet potato landraces showed values ranging from acidic to slightly neutral pH (6-6.4). The yellow sweet potato II, purple sweet potato, and pink sweet potato landraces displayed high levels of total soluble solids with a range of 12.5 to 14.33 °Brix. Significant differences were observed in both peel and root pulp coloration. The pink, yellow, purple I, mamey, yellow II, and purple sweet potato landraces, presented elevated percentages of carbohydrates (85.0% to 89.0%), fats (1.1% to 1.5%), protein (3.5% to 5.1%), fiber (4.0% to 5.0%), and ash (3.5% to 4.0%). The mamey sweet potato and pink sweet potato landraces showed higher starch yields. Swelling power and starch solubility index peaked at a temperature of 90 °C. These results highlight the significance of sweet potato landraces cultivated in Yucatan as a valuable genetic resource with nutritional potential, which can be included in the diet of people, genetic improvement and species conservation programs.

Abstract Introduction: The nursing process is the method that allows us to administer care to people with chronic diseases through the disease stages, that is, assessment, diagnostic reasoning, nursing care plan and evaluation. Objective: Evaluate a nursing care plan for an older adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis with a focus on therapeutic health education. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, and longitudinal clinical case study of a 63-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis; the Marjory Gordon instrument was used for assessment, and standardized language was used for diagnostic reasoning, planning, execution and evaluation. Under bioethical principles, this is a minimal risk research, and the privacy and data of the elderly are protected. Results: Alteration was found in the pattern of perception/maintenance of health, nutritional/metabolic, exercise activity and coping with stress; with the establishment of activities to control glucose, priority was given to prescribed diet, exercise, adherence to treatment and coping with stress. Acceptance of the disease, learning to take capillary glucose and glycemic control was achieved, as well as adherence to the prescribed diet and exercise. Conclusions: Therapeutic health education achieved adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, as well as the acceptance of the health status, which allows acquiring self-control of the disease. Continuous and long-term follow-up is important due to the pathological progress, age and general deterioration of the patient.

Abstrato Introdução. O processo de enfermagem é o método que nos permite administrar a assistência a pessoas com doenças crônicas por meio dos estágios da doença, ou seja, avaliação, raciocínio diagnóstico, plano de assistência de enfermagem e avaliação. Objetivo: Avaliar um plano de cuidados de enfermagem para um adulto mais velho com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e osteoporose com foco na educação terapêutica em saúde. Metodologia: Estudo de caso clínico observacional, descritivo e longitudinal de uma paciente de 63 anos com diabetes mellitus e osteoporose; para a avaliação foi utilizado o instrumento Marjory Gordon para raciocínio diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e avaliação, para raciocínio diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e avaliação, foi utilizada a linguagem padronizada. De acordo com os princípios bioéticos, essa é uma pesquisa de risco mínimo, e a privacidade e os dados dos idosos são protegidos. Resultados: Foi encontrada alteração no padrão de percepção/manutenção da saúde, nutricional/metabólico, atividade física e enfrentamento do estresse; com o estabelecimento de atividades para controlar a glicose, a prioridade foi dada à dieta prescrita, aos exercícios, à adesão ao tratamento e ao enfrentamento do estresse. Houve aceitação da doença, aprendizado da medição da glicose capilar e controle glicêmico, além de adesão à dieta e aos exercícios prescritos. Conclusões: A educação terapêutica em saúde conseguiu a adesão ao tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico, bem como a aceitação do estado de saúde, que permite adquirir o autocontrolo da doença, sendo importante a monitorização contínua e a longo prazo da evolução patológica, da idade e da deterioração geral do paciente.

Resumen Introducción: El proceso de enfermería es el método que nos permite administrar los cuidados a personas con enfermedades crónicas a través de sus etapas: valoración, razonamiento diagnóstico, plan de cuidados de enfermería y evaluación. Objetivo: Evaluar un plan de cuidados de enfermería a una adulta mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y osteoporosis con enfoque a la educación para la salud terapéutica. Metodología: Estudio de caso clínico, observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal, a paciente de 63 años con diabetes mellitus y osteoporosis; para la valoración se empleó el instrumento de Marjory Gordon, para el razonamiento diagnóstico, planeación, ejecución y evaluación se utilizó el lenguaje estandarizado de enfermería. Bajo los principios bioéticos es una investigación de riesgo mínimo, se protege la privacidad y datos del adulto mayor. Resultados: Se encontró alteración en el patrón percepción / mantenimiento de la salud, nutricional / metabólico, actividad ejercicio y afrontamiento del estrés; estableciendo actividades para el control de su glucosa, se priorizó en dieta prescrita, ejercicio, adherencia al tratamiento y afrontamiento al estrés. Se logró aceptación de la enfermedad, aprendizaje de toma de glucosa capilar y control glucémico, además del apego a dieta y ejercicio prescrito. Conclusiones: La educación para la salud terapéutica logró el apego al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico, así como la aceptación del estado de salud le permite adquirir el autocontrol de su enfermedad, es importante el seguimiento continuo y a largo plazo por el avance patológico, edad y deterioro general de la paciente.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC), laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC), and open radical cystectomy (ORC) in bladder cancer. Methods: A literature search for network meta-analysis was conducted using international databases up to February 29, 2024. Outcomes of interest included baseline characteristics, perioperative outcomes and oncological outcomes. Results: Forty articles were finally selected for inclusion in the network meta-analysis. Both LRC and RARC were associated with longer operative time, smaller amount of estimated blood loss, lower transfusion rate, shorter time to regular diet, fewer incidences of complications, and fewer positive surgical margin compared to ORC. LRC had a shorter time to flatus than ORC, while no difference between RARC and ORC was observed. Considering lymph node yield, there were no differences among LRC, RARC and ORC. In addition, there were statistically significant lower transfusion rates (OR=-0.15, 95% CI=-0.47 to 0.17), fewer overall complication rates (OR=-0.39, 95% CI=-0.79 to 0.00), fewer minor complication rates (OR=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.48 to 0.02), fewer major complication rates (OR=-0.23, 95% CI=-0.68 to 0.21), fewer positive surgical margin rates (OR=0.22, 95% CI=-0.27 to 0.68) in RARC group compared with LRC group. Conclusion: LRC and RARC could be considered as a feasible and safe alternative to ORC for bladder cancer. Notably, compared with LRC, RARC may benefit from significantly lower transfusion rates, fewer complications and lower positive surgical margin rates. These data thus showed that RARC might improve the management of patients with muscle invasive or high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Objectives robotassisted robot assisted RARC, , (RARC) (LRC) (ORC cancer Methods metaanalysis meta analysis 29 2024 characteristics Results metaanalysis. analysis. loss rate diet observed yield addition OR=0.15, OR015 OR OR= 0.15, 0 15 (OR=-0.15 95 CI=0.47 CI047 CI CI= 0.47 47 CI=-0.4 0.17, 017 0.17 17 0.17) OR=0.39, OR039 0.39, 39 (OR=-0.39 CI=0.79 CI079 0.79 79 CI=-0.7 0.00, 000 0.00 00 0.00) OR=0.23, OR023 0.23, 23 (OR=-0.23 CI=0.48 CI048 0.48 48 0.02, 002 0.02 02 0.02) CI=0.68 CI068 0.68 68 CI=-0.6 0.21, 021 0.21 21 0.21) OR=0.22, OR022 22 (OR=0.22 CI=0.27 CI027 0.27 27 CI=-0.2 068 Conclusion Notably highrisk high risk nonmuscle non (RARC (LRC 2 202 OR=0.15 OR01 015 0.15 1 (OR=-0.1 9 CI=0.4 CI04 047 0.4 4 CI=-0. 01 0.1 OR=0.39 OR03 039 0.39 3 (OR=-0.3 CI=0.7 CI07 079 0.7 7 0.0 OR=0.23 OR02 023 0.23 (OR=-0.2 048 CI=0.6 CI06 0.6 6 0.2 OR=0.22 (OR=0.2 CI=0.2 CI02 027 06 20 OR=0.1 OR0 (OR=-0. CI=0. CI0 04 0. CI=-0 OR=0.3 03 0.3 07 OR=0.2 (OR=0. OR=0. (OR=-0 CI=0 CI=- (OR=0 OR=0 (OR=- (OR= (OR

Abstract Introduction. There is a great human concern about antibiotics resistance due to their inappropriate use as growth promoters in animal husbandry. Objective. To evaluate the effect of a high level of zinc as a substitute to antibiotics in nursery pigs. Material and methods. The study was carried out from June to August 2022 in the province of Chiriqui, Panama. The experimental period was composed of three phases with 14 days per phase. The nursery pigs (n= 54) were distributed to one of three treatments with six replicates per treatment and three pigs per replicate. The treatments were: 1) control diet, which was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements for nursery pigs; 2) similar to treatment 1, plus 200 mg of amoxicillin/kg of feed and 40 mg of florfenicol/kg of feed during phase 1 (P1) and phase 2 (P2), respectively; and 3) similar to treatment 1, plus 2000 ppm and 1600 ppm of zinc during P1 and P2, respectively. In phase 3 (P3), all pigs were fed a common diet. Results. The supplementation of zinc improved the average daily gain in all phases. Pigs fed zinc diet had better F:G ratio in P2 compared to pigs fed antibiotic diet (p < 0.05). A higher concentration of hemoglobin and percentage of monocytes was found in pigs fed with higher level of zinc than the other treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Pigs fed the antibiotic, or the control diet had a lower percentage of fecal dry matter compared to those supplemented with zinc. (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The supplementation of high levels of zinc exerted improvements, in comparison to the antibiotic, in terms of hemoglobin concentration, incidence of diarrhea and weight gain in pigs during 42 days after weaning.

Resumen Introducción. Existe una gran preocupación humana por la resistencia a los antibióticos debido a su uso inadecuado como promotores del crecimiento en la cría de animales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de altos niveles de zinc como sustituto del antibiótico en lechones destetados. Material y métodos. El estudio se realizó de junio a agosto de 2022 en la provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá. El periodo experimental estuvo compuesto por tres fases con 14 días por fase. Los cerdos destetados (n= 54) fueron asignados a uno de tres tratamientos con seis repeticiones por tratamiento y tres cerdos por repetición. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta control, formulada para suplir los requerimientos nutricionales para cerdos destetados; 2) similar al tratamiento 1, más 200 mg de amoxicilina/kg de alimento y 40 mg de florfenicol/kg de alimento durante la fase 1 (P1) y fase 2 (P2), respectivamente; y 3) similar al tratamiento 1, más 2000 ppm y 1600 ppm de zinc durante P1 y P2, respectivamente. En la fase 3 (P3), todos los cerdos fueron alimentados con una dieta común. Resultados. La suplementación con zinc mejoró la ganancia de peso en todas las fases. Los cerdos alimentados con zinc tuvieron mejor relación F:G en P2 en comparación a los cerdos suplementados con antibiótico (p < 0.05). Se encontró una mayor concentración de hemoglobina y porcentaje de monocitos en cerdos alimentados con zinc que en los otros tratamientos (p < 0.05). Los cerdos alimentados con antibiótico o la dieta control tuvieron un menor porcentaje de materia seca fecal en comparación a los suplementados con zinc (p < 0.05). Conclusión. La suplementación de altos niveles de zinc ejerció mejoras, en comparación al antibiótico, en cuanto a la concentración de hemoglobina, incidencia de diarrea y ganancia de peso en cerdos durante los 42 días posteriores al destete.

ABSTRACT The feeding habits of the bonito Euthynnus alletteratus and the albacore Thunnus alalunga were assessed by analyzing the contents of 85 stomachs (50 from bonito and 35 from albacore) collected between March 2018 and April 2019. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the prey found in the stomach contents was conducted, as well as of the trophic spectrum between species and climatic seasons. Climatic information was obtained through satellite images, analyzing variables such as sea surface temperature, salinity, and winds. In terms of abundance, the most representative prey were the fish Sardinella aurita (42.48 %) and Teleostei remains (27.45 %) for E. alletteratus, and Megalopa larvae (56.89 %) and Teleostei remains (10.26 %) for T. alalunga. The relative importance index indicates that the main prey for E. alletteratus were Teleostei remains (IRI = 1460.65) and Sardinella aurita (IRI = 1179.70), while, for T. alalunga they were megalopa larvae (IRI = 1367.19) and Teleostei remains (IRI = 840.94). These large pelagic predators were classified as generalists, with a low prey diversity in their stomach content. No trophic overlap was observed between the two species.

RESUMEN Se evaluaron los hábitos alimentarios del bonito Euthynnus alletteratus y la albacora Thunnus alalunga a partir del análisis de los contenidos de 85 estómagos (50 de bonito y 35 de albacora) recolectados entre marzo de 2018 y abril de 2019. Se realizó un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de las presas encontradas en dichos estómagos, así como del espectro trófico entre especies y temporadas climáticas. La información climática se obtuvo a través de imágenes satelitales, analizando variables como la temperatura superficial del mar, la salinidad y los vientos. En términos de abundancia, las presas más representativas fueron el pez Sardinella aurita (42.48 %) y restos de Teleostei (27.45 %) para E. alletteratus, y larvas megalopa (56.89 %) y restos de Teleostei (10.26 %) para T. alalunga. El índice de importancia relativa indica, como presas principales, a restos de Teleostei (IRI = 1460.65) y Sardinella aurita (IRI = 1179.70) para E. alletteratus, y a larvas megalopa (IRI = 1367.19) y restos de Teleostei (IRI = 840.94) para T. alalunga. Estos grandes depredadores pelágicos fueron catalogados como generalistas, con baja diversidad de presas en el contenido estomacal, y no se observó solapamiento trófico entre las dos especies.

RESUMEN En dos experimentos se evaluó la adición de AminoGut (AG). En el Experimento 1, se utilizaron 300 pollos Ross 308 en 5 tratamientos con 3 repeticiones de 20 pollos cada una. En el Experimento 2, se emplearon 640 pollos en 4 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones de 32 pollos cada una. Los tratamientos del Exp. 1: T1.- Dieta testigo sorgo + pasta de soya, T2.- Como 1 + 700 ppm de la mezcla de AG/ ton, T3.- Como 1 + 1400 ppm de AG/ ton, T4.- Como 1 + 2100 ppm de AG/ ton, T5.- Como 1 + 2800 ppm de AG/ ton. En el Exp. 2 se eliminó el tratamiento 5. En el Experimento 1, hubo efecto (P<0.05) en comportamiento productivo y peso de la canal, con 700 ppm de AG. En el Experimento 2, mejoró la altura de vellosidades intestinales e hipersensibilidad tardía (P<0.05) con 700 ppm de AG, así como el rendimiento en canal a los 42 días. Se puede concluir que la adición de 700 ppm de AminoGut en dietas para pollos de 1 a 21 días de edad, incrementó los parámetros productivos, longitud de las vellosidades, rendimiento en canal y respuesta inmune.

Abstract In two experiments, the addition of AminoGut (AG) was evaluated. In Experiment 1, 300 Ross 308 broilers were used in five treatments with three repetitions of 20 broilers each. In Experiment 2, 640 broilers were used in four treatments with five repetitions of 32 broilers each. Exp. 1 treatments: T1.- Control diet sorghum + soybean meal, T2.- As 1 + 700 ppm of the mixture of AG/ ton, T3.- As 1 + 1400 ppm of AG/ ton, T4.- As 1 + 2100 ppm of AG/ ton, T5.- As 1 + 2800 ppm of AG/ ton. In Exp. 2, treatment 5 was eliminated. In Experiment 1, there was an effect (P<0.05) on performance and carcass weight, with 700 ppm of AG. In Experiment 2, the height of intestinal villi and late hypersensitivity (P<0.05) improved with 700 ppm of AG, as well as carcass yield at 42 days. It can be concluded that the addition of 700 ppm of AminoGut in diets in broilers from 1 to 21 days of age, increased the performance, villus length, carcass yield and immune response.

Resumo Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel do fenofibrato, um agonista do receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissoma-α, na lesão renal induzida por obesidade (lipotoxicidade) em camundongos submetidos à uninefrectomia. Métodos: Camundongos C57BL/6 foram submetidos a uninefrectomia e cirurgias simuladas (sham) e alimentados com dietas normocalóricas ou rica em gordura. Após 10 semanas, os camundongos obesos receberam fenofibrato a 0,02% por 10 semanas. Avaliamos função e morfologia renal, bem como níveis de mediadores inflamatórios e fibróticos e marcadores do metabolismo lipídico. Resultados: Camundongos alimentados com dieta rica em gordura desenvolveram obesidade e hiperlipidemia características, com subsequente acúmulo de lipídios e danos renais, incluindo expansão mesangial, fibrose intersticial, inflamação e proteinúria. Essas alterações foram maiores em camundongos obesos uninefrectomizados do que em camundongos obesos sham. O tratamento com fenofibrato preveniu hiperlipidemia e lesões glomerulares, reduziu o acúmulo de lipídios, melhorou a disfunção renal e atenuou a inflamação e fibrose renal. Além disso, o tratamento com fenofibrato reduziu a expressão no tecido renal do inibidor do ativador do plasminogênio-1, da proteína quimiotática de monócitos-1 e a expressão local do fator de crescimento de fibroblastos-21. Conclusão: A ativação do receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissoma-α pelo fenofibrato, com subsequente lipólise, atenuou lesões glomerulares e tubulointersticiais induzidas por lipotoxicidade renal, protegendo, assim, os rins de camundongos uninefrectomizados contra lesões induzidas por obesidade. Os achados do estudo sugerem uma via na ação farmacológica do fenofibrato, fornecendo insights sobre os mecanismos envolvidos no dano renal causado pela obesidade em doadores renais. Introdução peroxissomaα, peroxissomaα peroxissoma α, α (lipotoxicidade Métodos C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ sham (sham 1 semanas 002 0 02 0,02 lipídico Resultados características renais mesangial intersticial proteinúria disso plasminogênio1, plasminogênio1 plasminogênio 1, plasminogênio-1 monócitos1 monócitos monócitos- fibroblastos21. fibroblastos21 fibroblastos 21. 21 fibroblastos-21 Conclusão lipólise protegendo assim 00 0,0 plasminogênio- fibroblastos2 2 fibroblastos-2 0, fibroblastos-

Abstract Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonist, in obesity-induced kidney damage (lipotoxicity) in mice with uninephrectomy. Methods: C57BL/6 mice underwent uninephrectomy and sham surgeries and were fed normocaloric or high-fat diets. After 10 weeks, obese mice were administered 0.02% fenofibrate for 10 weeks. Kidney function and morphology were evaluated, as well as levels of inflammatory and fibrotic mediators and lipid metabolism markers. Results: High-fat diet-fed mice developed characteristic obesity and hyperlipidemia, with subsequent renal lipid accumulation and damage, including mesangial expansion, interstitial fibrosis, inflammation, and proteinuria. These changes were greater in obese uninephrectomy mice than in obese sham mice. Fenofibrate treatment prevented hyperlipidemia and glomerular lesions, lowered lipid accumulation, ameliorated renal dysfunction, and attenuated inflammation and renal fibrosis. Furthermore, fenofibrate treatment downregulated renal tissue expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and local expression of fibroblast growth factor-21. Conclusion: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α activation by fenofibrate, with subsequent lipolysis, attenuated glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions induced by renal lipotoxicity, thus protecting the kidneys of uninephrectomy mice from obesity-induced lesions. The study findings suggest a pathway in the pharmacological action of fenofibrate, providing insight into the mechanisms involved in kidney damage caused by obesity in kidney donors. Introduction proliferatoractivated proliferator activated receptorα receptor α agonist obesityinduced lipotoxicity (lipotoxicity Methods C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ highfat high fat diets 1 weeks 002 0 02 0.02 evaluated markers Results Highfat High dietfed diet expansion fibrosis proteinuria dysfunction Furthermore inhibitor1, inhibitor1 inhibitor 1, inhibitor-1 protein1, protein1 protein protein-1 factor21. factor21 factor 21. 21 factor-21 Conclusion lipolysis donors 00 0.0 inhibitor- protein- factor2 2 factor-2 0. factor-

ABSTRACT Considering previous studies on the potential use of vinasse in the agricultural sector, this study seeks to design a feed for broilers in three presentations according to the stages of the animal’s feeding program (start 1-14, growth 15-30 and end 31-42 days) that includes vinasse in the formulation. To this end, soybeans were considered as a source of protein, a diet with metabolizable energy between 12,351.06 and 14,025.78 kJ∙kg-1. The granulometry was determined according to the broiler management manuals, and the feed manufacturing process was specified in a block diagram and a flow diagram; in the same way, a test protocol for the use of the feed formulated in a sample of broilers of the Cobb breed. This research suggests that using vinasse in feed formulations for broilers could provide significant benefits to the agricultural sector.

RESUMEN Considerando estudios previos sobre el potencial uso de la vinaza en el sector agropecuario, este estudio busca diseñar un alimento para pollos de engorde en tres presentaciones de acuerdo con las etapas del programa de alimentación del animal (inicio 1-14, crecimiento 15-30 y finalización 31-42 días) que incluya vinaza en la formulación. Para ello, se consideró el grano de soya como fuente de proteína, una dieta con energía metabolizable entre 12.351,06 a 14.025,78 kJ∙kg-1. Se determinó la granulometría de acuerdo con los manuales de manejo de pollos de engorde, y se especificó el proceso de fabricación del alimento en un diagrama de bloques y un diagrama de flujo; de igual forma se propone un protocolo de prueba para el uso del alimento formulado en una muestra de pollos de engorde de la raza Cobb. Esta investigación sugiere que el uso de la vinaza en las fórmulas de los beneficios para pollos de engorde podría aportar importantes beneficios al sector agrícola.

ABSTRACT Blueberries are a fruit that is an important source of bioactive components beneficial to the human diet, such as anthocyanins and total phenolics, which are altered by the use of high temperatures during processing. This study aimed to evaluate the use of artificial neural networks in the optimization of sucrose concentration and time for the osmotic pre-treatment of blueberries of the Biloxi variety, to retain the greatest amount of anthocyanins and total phenolics in the subsequent preparation of jam. Artificial neural networks of the feedforward type were used, with a Backpropagation training algorithm with Levenberg-Marquardt weight adjustment, to achieve the optimal predicted combination that maximizes the retention of these bioactive components. The model achieved its best performance with 11 neurons in the hidden layer, achieving an R2 coefficient of 0.98 and a mean square error of 4.76, indicating a strong ability for generalization. Artificial neural networks allowed to obtain the best optimal combination of predicted multiple responses of factors consisting of a sucrose concentration of 1.64 M and a time of 211.52 min, which retained a higher content of total monomeric anthocyanins with 70.98 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside 100 g-1 of jam and total phenolics with 110.54 mg GAE g-1 of jam. On the other hand, through single-response optimization was obtained that the combination of experimental factors that maximized total anthocyanins (71.59 mg cyanidin-3-O-glucoside 100 g-1 of jam) was 1.54 M of sucrose and 232.73 min and for total phenols (111.06 mg GAE g-1 of jam) 1.79 M of sucrose and 196.36 min. The use of artificial neural networks is an excellent alternative for modeling phenomena, compared to traditional methods.

RESUMEN El arándano es un fruto que posee una fuente importante de componentes bioactivos beneficiosos para la dieta humana, como las antocianinas y fenoles totales, que se ven alterados por el uso de temperaturas altas durante el procesamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el uso de redes neuronales artificiales en la optimización de la concentración de sacarosa y el tiempo para el pretratamiento osmótico de arándanos de la variedad Biloxi, con la finalidad de retener la mayor cantidad de antocianinas y componentes fenólicos totales en la elaboración posterior de mermelada. Se utilizó redes neuronales artificiales del tipo feedfoward, con algoritmo de entrenamiento de Backpropagation con ajuste de pesos de Levenberg-Marquardt para lograr la combinación óptima predicha que maximice la retención de estos componentes bioactivos. El modelo logró su mejor rendimiento con 11 neuronas en la capa oculta, logrando un coeficiente R2 de 0,98 y un error cuadrático medio de 4,76; lo que indica una gran capacidad de generalización. Las redes neuronales artificiales permitieron obtener la mejor combinación de los factores experimentales -concentración de sacarosa (1,64 M) y tiempo (211,52 min)- que maximizaron los contenidos de antocianinas monoméricas totales (70,98 mg cianidina-3-O-glucósido 100 g-1) y fenoles totales (110,54 mg AGE g-1) presentes en mermelada. En cambio, mediante optimización de respuesta se obtuvo que la combinación de factores experimentales que maximizó las antocianinas totales (71,59 mg cianidina-3-O-glucósido 100 g-1 de mermelada) fue 1,54 M de sacarosa y 232,73 min y para fenoles totales (111,06 mg GAE g-1 de mermelada) 1,79 M y 196,36 min. El uso de redes neuronales artificiales es una excelente alternativa para modelar fenómenos, en comparación con los métodos tradicionales.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different dietary inflammatory index diets on inflammatory markers, anthropometric measurements, and sleep quality in obese subjects. METHODS: This study was conducted in a public hospital in Turkey between November 2021 and May 2022. Participants with pro-inflammatory dietary habits were included in the study. Randomly divided into two groups of 33 participants, they were subjected to an anti-inflammatory diet or a control diet for 8 weeks. The study evaluated the anthropometric parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and sleep quality indices of the diet groups. RESULTS: Significant reductions in body mass index were observed in both groups, more marked in the anti-inflammatory diet cohort. C-reactive protein levels, indicative of inflammation, also decreased substantially in both groups, with a more marked reduction in the anti-inflammatory diet cohort. Despite the improvement in sleep quality in both groups, the variation was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the importance of anti-inflammatory diets in nutritional strategies for obesity by reducing body mass index and inflammation. OBJECTIVE markers measurements subjects METHODS 202 2022 proinflammatory pro 3 participants antiinflammatory anti weeks parameters biomarkers RESULTS cohort Creactive C reactive levels inflammation significant CONCLUSION 20 2

ABSTRACT The beef is one of the main sources of nutrients for a balanced diet. In this context, several authors have reported that grass-fed beef presents low levels of intramuscular fat and high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some studies have noted that forage fatty acid content is variable between species and their varieties, and that can affect fatty acid profile in beef. The aim of this study was to evaluate beef quality from three different types of pastures in southern Chile. A group of 45 Holstein Friesian steers were finished in the spring months with three different types of pastures from temperate rainy climate: Improved pasture (P), Lolium perenne L.-based pasture (LT), and Lolium multiflorum Lam.-based pasture (LM). The steers were separated into groups of 15 for treatment. Nonsignificant differences were found in carcass measurements and P treatment showed a higher intramuscular content than LM treatment (2.26% vs. 1.42%) and greater presence of SFA: 42.4% vs. 40.3% reported in LM treatment. While LM presented a higher n-6 fatty acids: 4.42% related to P treatment: 3.13%. Regardless of the type of pasture, it can be confirmed that meat from pasture systems presents low intramuscular fat and a better ratio of n-6/n-3.

ABSTRACT. Due to its beneficial biological properties, chitosan extracted from crustacean byproducts emerges as a viable strategy to mitigate the anti-nutritional factors in vegetable-based diets for juvenile white snook (Centropomus viridis). The growth, survival, and nutritional efficiency of juvenile white snook-fed diets containing chitosan were evaluated. Chitosan was extracted chemically and enzymatically from shrimp byproducts (exoskeletons and heads). It was then included in a soybean meal-based diet (48% protein and 19% kJ g-1 gross energy) at 0, 0.5, and 1.0% chitosan levels (D-Control, CHI-0.5%, and CHI-1.0%). Juvenile snook (initial weight: 44.5 ± 4.2 g) were randomly distributed into 300 L tanks and fed the experimental diets three times daily for 45 days. Fish fed the CHI-0.5% and CHI-1.0% diets were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in growth rates than the D-Control diet. No significant differences in survival were observed. The FCR of the CHI-0.5% and CHI-1.0% diets were lower when compared to the D-Control (P < 0.05). The results suggest the utilization of chitosan in diets with high soybean meal content for snook to obtain better growth and survival.

ABSTRACT. The objective was to evaluate the effect of probiotic consortium technology (PCT) on the performance of Penaeus vannamei juveniles in the biofloc system in a short time. The experiment had four treatments with four replicates. In each experimental unit, 35 animals (3.15 ± 0.53 g and 7.80 ± 0.54 cm) were stocked in a biofloc system for 35 days. The treatments were: control - control without probiotic; PCT1 - probiotic in the diet (3 mL kg-1) and water (0.5 ppm - three times a week); PCT2 - probiotic in the diet (3 mL kg-1) and water (1 ppm - daily), and PCT3 - probiotic in the water (1 ppm - daily). For water quality and Vibrio, no significant differences were observed among treatments (P > 0.05). Regarding the zootechnical performance, the treatments with the probiotic promoted higher final biomass, biomass gain, and a more efficient feed conversion rate (P < 0.05). The performance improvement promoted by the probiotic may be related to increased concentrations of amylases, chymotrypsin, and lipases in the hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). It was concluded that PCT2 promoted the best zootechnical performance of P. vannamei during the grow-out phase in the biofloc system.