RESUMEN Introducción: Las intervenciones en la salud pública cubana tienen la función de mejorar la calidad de vida de la población y brindar salud con el mejor costo posible. Este artículo pretende evaluar la efectividad de la cronoterapia a hipertensos diabéticos tipo dos, mediante un procedimiento metodológico, desde la perspectiva de un enfoque integral. Método: Se realizó una investigación analítica observacional, longitudinal y prospectiva en el Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech, en el período de enero 2022 a enero 2024. La muestra de estudio fue 220 pacientes mayores de 18 años de edad, diabéticos y no diabéticos con hipertensión no controlada. Se emplearon métodos empíricos, la revisión documental, encuestas, criterios de expertos, método Delphi y el método Iadov en su validación. Se aplicó el Statistical Packageforthe Social Sciences (SPSS V.24.0) para el análisis descriptivo o inferencial. Resultados: Se diseñó el procedimiento metodológico que permitió valorar la efectividad con enfoque integral de la cronoterapia a los pacientes hipertensos diabéticos tipo 2, en el proceso de monitorización ambulatoria de presión arterial. El índice de satisfacción grupal en el estudio según la técnica Iadov fue de 0,81, expresión de la aceptación y la utilidad de la propuesta. Discusión: La cronoterapia es una solución sostenible al control de hipertensos diabéticos tipo 2, la apreciación de su efectividad a partir de un enfoque integral, implica el análisis de la eficacia y eficiencia desde múltiples dimensiones como garantía de bienestar general de la población y mejor disponibilidad de los recursos destinados al sector público de la salud.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Interventions in Cuban public health have the function of improving the quality of life of the population and providing health at the best possible cost. This article aims to evaluate the effectiveness of chronotherapy for type two diabetic hypertensive patients, through a methodological procedure, from the perspective of a comprehensive approach. Method: An observational, longitudinal and prospective analytical research was carried out at the Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital, in the period from January 2022 to January 2024. The study sample was 220 patients over 18 years of age, diabetic and non-diabetic with uncontrolled hypertension. Empirical methods, documentary review, surveys, expert criteria, Delphi method and the Iadov method were used in their validation. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS V.24.0) was applied for descriptive or inferential analysis. Results: The methodological procedure was designed to assess the effectiveness of chronotherapy with a comprehensive approach in type 2 diabetic hypertensive patients during the ambulatory blood pressure monitoring process. The group satisfaction index in the study according to the Iadov technique was 0.81, an expression of the acceptance and usefulness of the proposal. Discussion: Chronconapy is a sustainable solution to the control of type 2 diabetic hypertensive patients. The assessment of its effectiveness from a comprehensive approach implies the analysis of the efficacy and efficiency from multiple dimensions as a guarantee of general well-being of the population and better availability of resources destined to the public health sector.

ABSTRACT: Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare, rapidly progressing, and severe infection of subcutaneous tissues and muscle fascia that can be fatal. It causes rapid tissue necrosis through pathogen-induced vasoconstriction and thrombosis. While commonly found in the torso, abdomen, and limbs, it rarely affects the head and neck. Effective treatment includes early diagnosis, surgery, antibiotics, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy, though mortality remains high. A 40-year-old man with a history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) presented with increased volume, erythema, and cramps in the cervical and upper thoracic area. The main diagnosis was NF, requiring surgical debridement of the affected tissue. Despite therapeutic efforts, the patient succumbed to sepsis and multiple organ failure. NF is a life-threatening infection with a very low incidence but a high mortality rate. Cervical NF often arises from odontogenic infections and is associated with systemic factors like diabetes and obesity. Early diagnosis is challenging, but Computed tomography (CT) and the Laboratory risk indicator score for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) score are essential. Effective treatment includes surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. NF remains a critical condition with high mortality, underscoring the need for early recognition and aggressive treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes.

RESUMEN: La fascitis necrosante (FN) es una infección rara, de rápida progresión y grave de los tejidos subcutáneos y la fascia muscular que puede ser fatal. Causa necrosis tisular rápida a través de la vasoconstricción y trombosis inducidas por patógenos. Aunque se encuentra comúnmente en el torso, abdomen y membros, rara vez afecta la cabeza y el cuello. El tratamiento efectivo incluye un diagnóstico temprano, cirugía, antibióticos y terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico, aunque la mortalidad sigue siendo alta. Un hombre de 40 años con antecedentes de diabetes mellitus (DM) no controlada se presentó con aumento de volumen, eritema y calambres en la zona cervical y torácica superior. El diagnóstico principal fue FN, requiriendo desbridamiento quirúrgico del tejido afectado. A pesar de los esfuerzos terapéuticos, el paciente sucumbió a sepsis y falla multiorgánica. La FN es una infección potencialmente mortal con una incidencia muy baja pero una alta tasa de mortalidad. La FN cervical a menudo surge de infecciones odontogénicas y está asociada con factores sistémicos como la diabetes y la obesidad. El diagnóstico temprano es un desafío, pero la tomografía computarizada (TC) y el puntaje de indicadores de riesgo de laboratorio para fascitis necrosante (LRINEC) son esenciales. El tratamiento efectivo incluye desbridamiento quirúrgico, antibióticos de amplio espectro y terapia de oxígeno hiperbárico. La FN sigue siendo una condición crítica con alta mortalidad, lo que subraya la necesidad de un reconocimiento temprano y estrategias de tratamiento agresivas para mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.

Abstract Patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) face an elevated risk of experiencing acute kidney injury (AKI), exacerbating the progression of DKD. This article offers a comprehensive review of the literature and knowledge of the primary pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying kidney damage, as well as the biological implications of maladaptive kidney repair in the context of DKD complicated by AKI. Additionally, we examine in detail the findings of clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of intensive insulin treatment for hyperglycemic patients in intensive care units, alongside the potential risks of hypoglycemia and mortality. Furthermore, through critical analysis of clinical trial results, opportunities for personalized safety-based approaches to mitigate side effects are identified. It is imperative to conduct randomized-controlled studies to assess the impact of intensive insulin treatment on diabetic patients with DKD, and to validate AKI biomarkers in this patient population. Such studies will help to tailor treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and preserve kidney function. (DKD AKI, , (AKI) damage Additionally units mortality Furthermore results safetybased based identified randomizedcontrolled randomized controlled population function (AKI

Resumo Pacientes com doença renal diabética (DRD) enfrentam um risco elevado de apresentar injúria renal aguda (IRA), o que agrava a progressão da DRD. Este artigo oferece uma revisão abrangente da literatura e do conhecimento dos principais mecanismos fisiopatológicos relacionados ao dano renal, bem como das implicações biológicas do reparo renal mal adaptativo no contexto da DRD complicada por IRA. Além disso, examinamos detalhadamente os achados de ensaios clínicos que avaliam a eficácia e a segurança do tratamento intensivo com insulina para pacientes hiperglicêmicos em unidades de terapia intensiva, juntamente com os riscos potenciais de hipoglicemia e mortalidade. Ainda, por meio da análise crítica dos resultados de ensaios clínicos, são identificadas oportunidades para abordagens personalizadas baseadas na segurança, a fim de mitigar efeitos colaterais. É imperativo realizar estudos randomizados e controlados para avaliar o impacto do tratamento intensivo com insulina em pacientes diabéticos com DRD e validar os biomarcadores de IRA nessa população de pacientes. Tais estudos ajudarão a adaptar as estratégias de tratamento para melhorar os desfechos dos pacientes e preservar a função renal. (DRD IRA, , (IRA) disso intensiva mortalidade Ainda colaterais (IRA

BACKGROUND. Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disease characterised by an isolated thrombocytopenia of <100 × 10(9)/L in the absence of identifiable secondary causes. Treatment is indicated when the platelet count is <20 - 30 × 10(9)/L, but may be commenced at higher platelet counts when the risk of bleeding is high. Corticosteroids are the backbone of initial treatment of ITP. There is a paucity of data in South Africa (SA) on the outcomes of newly diagnosed ITP patients treated with corticosteroids. OBJECTIVES. To describe the response, remission and clinical outcomes of newly diagnosed primary ITP patients on first-line corticosteroids. METHODS. This was a retrospective cohort study of 68 patients with a new diagnosis of ITP, seen at the Clinical Haematology Unit at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, SA, over a 5-year period (2016 - 2020). Demographic and clinical data were obtained from paper and electronic record systems. All participants with secondary causes were excluded. The initial platelet responses to corticosteroids and the final outcomes at last follow-up were determined. Initial platelet responses were classified into no response (NR), partial response (PR) and complete response (CR) in accordance with consensus definitions. Remission was defined as maintenance of a CR after being off corticosteroids for <6 months. Categorical variables were described by frequencies and percentages, while numerical variables were described by medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) as data were non-parametric. RESULTS. The majority of patients were female (88.2%) and the median (IQR) age at diagnosis was 36 (23.0 - 55.5) years. The female to male ratio was 7.5:1. Most (92.4%) patients responded to corticosteroids, with 74.2% achieving a CR and 18.2% achieving a PR. Only five patients failed to respond (7.6%). The median (IQR) time to achieve CR was 15 (8 - 25) days, and the median (IQR) time to achieve PR was 10.5 (8 - 22) days. Half of the patients went into remission. Following remission, two patients (6.1%) subsequently relapsed at day 344 and day 777, respectively. Hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus were newly diagnosed in 10.6% of patients. CONCLUSION. Corticosteroids are effective first-line therapy for ITP, but are not remission-inducing in all patients. For those patients progressing to chronic ITP, there is a need to investigate cost-effective treatment. Some patients are at high risk of developing new hypertension and diabetes mellitus on corticosteroids, and should be monitored.

BACKGROUND: Many serious adverse events associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be mitigated by timely glucose control during pregnancy, achieved through education and lifestyle choices. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt and test the preliminary internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the South African English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa versions of the GDM Knowledge Questionnaire (GDMKQ). METHODS: A prospective, observational study was conducted at a high-risk antenatal clinic in South Africa. Pregnant women ≥ 18 years with GDM were consecutively sampled. Semantic equivalence between the original and adapted versions was assessed. Face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. RESULTS: The three SA-GDMKQ versions demonstrated good face and content validity. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha values were 0.534 for the Afrikaans version, 0.434 for the English version and 0.621 for the isiXhosa version. Test-retest reliability found kappa (standard error [s.e.]) values ranged between −0.03 (0.18) and 0.89 (0.13) for the English version, between −0.07 (0.18) and 0.53 (0.13) for the Afrikaans version and between 0.28 (0.18) and 0.87 (0.17) for the isiXhosa version. All versions of the SA-GDMKQ had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) positive linear correlation between the total scores. CONCLUSION: The English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa SA-GDMKQ versions were found to be feasible and easy to comprehend, although lower internal consistency and test-retest reliability were displayed. Further validation of the psychometric properties of the English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa versions of the SA-GDMKQ among larger sample groups is however warranted. CONTRIBUTION: This study adds to the knowledge around developing and using culturally appropriate questionnaires and outcome measures in research and clinical practice.

Abstract This review aimed to identify the impact of the ECHO® model on monitoring people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. It followed the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. The search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, Embase, Virtual Health Library, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The strategy included the descriptors “Diabetes mellitus,” “Diabetes Melito,” “Diabetes,” “Diabetes Melito,” “Model ECHO,” “Project ECHO,” and “Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes.” Two independent reviewers selected the studies using the Rayyan-Intelligent Systematic Review management software. Nine of the 151 studies initially identified were selected, and one study was identified through gray literature. The ten studies were published in English between 2012 and 2022. Improvements were found in the professionals’ knowledge and self-confidence, besides decreased glycated hemoglobin levels, hospital admissions, and hospitalization costs among people with diabetes. The conclusion is that the ECHO® Model positively impacted the monitoring of people with diabetes mellitus, especially in vulnerable communities.

Resumo A presente revisão teve como objetivo identificar o impacto do modelo ECHO® no acompanhamento de pessoas com diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus. O trabalho foi desenvolvido de acordo com as recomendações do Joanna Briggs Institute e do Checklist PRISMA-ScR, cujas buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Cochrane Library, Embase, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus e Web of Science, por meio de estratégias compostas pelos descritores “Diabetes mellitus”, “Diabete Melito”, “Diabetes”, “Diabetes Melito”, “model ECHO”, “Project ECHO” e “Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes”. A seleção dos estudos contou com dois revisores trabalhando de forma independente através do software de gestão Rayyan-Intelligent Systematic Review. Dos 151 trabalhos identificados, nove foram selecionados. Um estudo foi identificado na literatura cinzenta. Os dez estudos incluídos foram publicados em inglês, entre os anos de 2012 a 2022. Observou-se melhorias no conhecimento e na autoconfiança dos profissionais, além de diminuição da hemoglobina glicada, redução de hospitalizações e de gastos com internações das pessoas com diabetes. Conclui-se que este trabalho expõe um impacto positivo do Modelo ECHO® no acompanhamento de pessoas com diabetes mellitus, principalmente em comunidades de maior vulnerabilidade.

Resumen La presente revisión tuvo como objetivo identificar el impacto del modelo ECHO® en el seguimiento de personas diagnosticadas con diabetes mellitus. El trabajo se desarrolló de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs y el PRISMA-ScR Checklist, cuyas búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Cochrane Library, Embase, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud (BVS), PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus y Web of Science, mediante estrategias compuestas por los descriptores “Diabetes mellitus”, “Diabete Melito”, “Diabetes”, “Diabetes Melito”, “model ECHO”, “Project ECHO” y “Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes”. La selección de estudios incluyó a dos revisores que trabajaron de forma independiente utilizando el software de gestión Rayyan-Intelligent Systematic Review. Se seleccionaron nueve de las 151 obras identificadas y se identificó un estudio por medio de la literatura gris. Los diez estudios incluidos fueron publicados en inglés entre 2012 y 2022. Se observaron mejoras en el conocimiento y la confianza en sí mismos de los profesionales, además de una reducción de la hemoglobina glucosilada, de las hospitalizaciones y de los costos de hospitalización de las personas con diabetes. Se concluye que este trabajo expuso un impacto positivo del Modelo ECHO® en el seguimiento de personas con diabetes mellitus, especialmente en comunidades más vulnerables.

Abstract Aim To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of ozonated sunflower oil (Oz) as an adjunctive of non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), on fibroblast cell viability and migration and the effectiveness of Oz on a Candida albicans (C. albicans) culture. Methodology In total, 32 sites in 16 DM2 with moderate to advanced periodontal disease with periodontal pocket depths ≥5mm were selected. The treatments were divided into two groups: control, saline solution (SS) as an adjunctive of scaling and root planing (SRP+SS), and test, Oz as an adjunctive of SRP (SRP+Oz). Hematological [fasting glucose level (FGL) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)] and microbiological samples were collected from the participants at baseline and three months after periodontal treatment and the microbiological samples were analyzed by PCR. C. albicans was previously tested by the agar diffusion test. The effect of Oz was tested on cell viability and fibroblast migration. Results The groups showed no statistically significant differences (paired t-test-p>0.05) regarding hematological parameters, FGL (median - baseline 171.41, 3 months 164mg/dL), and HbA1c (baseline 8%, 3 months 7.5%) (Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Nonparametric-p>0.05) after periodontal therapy. The groups showed statistical differences for periodontal parameters between baseline and three months (paired t-test-p<0.05). PCR analysis showed a reduction in the percentage of C. albicans in the SRP+Oz group after three months (McNemar’s test-p=0.002). Cell viability was lower in the high glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (4500 mg/L) than in low glucose (1000 mg/L) (RM-ANOVA-p<0.0001). The wound healing test showed reduced fibroblast migration (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test-p<0.01). Oz showed high C. albicans antifungal inhibition (Kruskal-Wallis test-p=0.0001). Conclusions SRP+Oz effectively reduced C. albicans in-vitro and in-vivo but showed no clinical improvements compared to the control. Cell viability and wound healing of fibroblasts showed no improvements.

Objetivo analisar a situação vacinal de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipos 1 e 2 na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método estudo transversal, analítico, realizado em 25 equipes de Saúde da Família com 274 pessoas com diabetes. Foram avaliadas as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e esquema vacinal completo para cada vacina recomendada pelo Programa Nacional de Imunizações, por meio de análise bivariada e regressão logística. Resultados das pessoas com diabetes mellitus, 69,1% não tinham esquema vacinal completo contra hepatite B; 64,6%, contra difteria e tétano; 74,3%, contra febre amarela; 87,9%, contra pneumococo; 87,9%, contra varicela; 24,5%, contra influenza; e 0,7%, contra a covid-19. Entre os motivos referidos para o esquema incompleto, estão não conhecer a importância de vacinar e não ser informado por profissional de saúde. Houve associação estatística significativa entre o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico em relação ao esquema vacinal completo da vacina da influenza e a idade e renda; covid-19 e idade, tipo de diabetes e tempo convivendo com o diabetes. Conclusão pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipos 1 e 2 apresentaram baixa completude vacinal no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde, o que é preocupante devido à situação de maior vulnerabilidade a infecções imunopreveníveis e mortalidade nesse grupo.

Objective to analyze the vaccination status of individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Primary Healthcare. Method cross-sectional, analytical study conducted in 25 Family Health teams with 274 individuals with diabetes. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were evaluated, as well as the full vaccination schedule for each vaccine recommended by the National Immunization Program, through bivariate analysis and logistic regression. Results among individuals with diabetes mellitus, the following incomplete vaccination rates were found: 69.1% for hepatitis B; 64.6% for diphtheria and tetanus; 74.3% for yellow fever; 87.9% for pneumococcus; 87.9% for varicella; 24.5% for influenza; and 0.7% for COVID-19. The reported reasons for low vaccination rates included not knowing the importance of vaccination and not being informed by healthcare providers. A statistically significant association was found between sociodemographic and clinical profile regarding the full vaccination schedule between the influenza vaccine and age and income; COVID-19 and age, type of diabetes and duration of diabetes. Conclusion individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes treated in Primary Healthcare showed low vaccination rates, which is concerning due to increased vulnerability to vaccine-preventable infections and mortality within this group.

Objetivo analizar la situación vacunal de personas con diabetes mellitus tipos 1 y 2 en la atención primaria de salud. Método estudio transversal, analítico, realizado en 25 equipos de Salud de la Familia con 274 personas con diabetes. Se evaluaron las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y el esquema vacunal completo para cada vacuna recomendada por el Programa Nacional de Inmunizaciones mediante un análisis bivariado y regresión logística. Resultados de las personas con diabetes mellitus, el 69,1% no contaba con el esquema vacunal completo contra la hepatitis B; el 64,6% contra la difteria y el tétanos; el 74,3% contra la fiebre amarilla; el 87,9% contra el neumococo; el 87,9% contra la varicela; el 24,5% contra influenza y el 0,7% contra la COVID-19. Entre los motivos aludidos para el esquema vacunal incompleto, figuran no conocer la importancia de vacunarse y no haber sido informado por el profesional de la salud. Hubo asociación estáticamente significante entre el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico con relación al esquema vacunal completo entre la vacuna contra la influenza y la edad y los ingresos; COVID-19 y edad, tipo de diabetes y tiempo viviendo con diabetes. Conclusión las personas con diabetes mellitus tipos 1 y 2 presentaron baja completitud de las vacunas en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de Salud, lo que es preocupante debido a la situación de mayor vulnerabilidad a infecciones inmunoprevenibles y mortalidad en este grupo.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This prospective study aimed to identify risk factors associated with progression to stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the occurrence of kidney stone formation or growth following nephrectomy for urolithiasis. Materials and methods: From January 2006 to May 2013, patients undergoing nephrectomy for urolithiasis were enrolled. Renal function was assessed using estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) via the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation, while kidney stone events were detected using computed tomography. Results: Among 107 patients followed for an average of 83.5 months, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increased the risk of progression to stage 3 CKD by 34.79-fold (p=0.004). Age was associated with a 15% increase in the odds of developing stage 3 CKD per year (p=0.01), while higher preoperative eGFR was protective (OR=0.84, p<0.01). DMSA-99mTc values below 15% were less likely to lead to renal function deterioration. New kidney stone formation occurred in 15.9% of patients and stone growth observed in 12.1%. Contralateral kidney stones (p<0.01) and hypercalciuria (p=0.03) were identified as risk factors for kidney stone events. Conclusions: T2DM and age were predictors of CKD progression, while higher preoperative eGFR was protective. Hypercalciuria and contralateral kidney stones increased the risk of kidney stone formation and/or growth post-nephrectomy for urolithiasis.

Objetivo: mapear as evidências disponíveis acerca das características da coordenação do cuidado entre a Atenção Primária à Saúde e a Atenção Especializada Ambulatorial aos usuários com diabetes e hipertensão. Método: trata-se de uma revisão de escopo que teve 40 artigos como amostra final avaliados por meio de Análise de Conteúdo, do tipo temático - categorial, com auxílio de ferramenta tecnológica. Resultados: a coordenação do cuidado foi definida por meio de oito categorias: informação e comunicação, integração do cuidado, melhoria e qualidade, gestão do cuidado, compartilhamento do cuidado, atributo fundamental, profissionais da saúde e usuários dos serviços de saúde, com concentração dos resultados dos artigos principalmente em quatro categorias, destacando-se a informação e comunicação, seguida da categoria de gestão do cuidado e da categoria de compartilhamento do cuidado, em paralelo com melhoria e qualidade. Conclusão: ferramentas tecnológicas são um primeiro passo na garantia da coordenação do cuidado, mostrando-se uma característica significativa, com ênfase nos estudos sobre o compartilhamento de informações entre os serviços de saúde por meio de prontuários eletrônicos. No entanto, apesar dessa tecnologia se mostrar vantajosa para o sistema de saúde, com bons resultados, não é o único meio de se garantir a coordenação do cuidado.

Objective: to map the available evidence on the characteristics of care coordination between Primary Health Care and Specialized Outpatient Care for users with diabetes and hypertension. Method: this is a scoping review with 40 articles as the final sample, evaluated by means of Content Analysis, of the thematic-categorical type, with the aid of a technological tool. Results: care coordination was defined by means of eight categories: information and communication, integration of care, improvement and quality, care management, care sharing, fundamental attribute, health professionals and health service users, with the results of the articles concentrating mainly on four categories, with information and communication standing out, followed by the category of care management and the category of care sharing, in parallel with improvement and quality. Conclusion: technological tools are a first step in ensuring the coordination of care, proving to be a significant feature, with emphasis on studies on the sharing of information between health services through electronic medical records. However, although this technology has proved to be advantageous for the health system, with good results, it is not the only means of ensuring the coordination of care.

Objetivo: mapear las evidencias disponibles acerca de las características de la coordinación del cuidado entre la Atención Primaria de Salud y la Atención Especializada Ambulatoria para los usuarios con diabetes e hipertensión. Método: se trata de una revisión de alcance que tuvo 40 artículos como muestra final, evaluados mediante Análisis de Contenido, del tipo temático-categorial, con el auxilio de una herramienta tecnológica. Resultados: la coordinación del cuidado se definió mediante ocho categorías: información y comunicación, integración del cuidado, mejora y calidad, gestión del cuidado, compartición del cuidado, atributo fundamental, profesionales de la salud y usuarios de los servicios de salud, con una concentración de los resultados de los artículos principalmente en cuatro categorías, destacándose la información y comunicación, seguida por la categoría de gestión del cuidado y la categoría de compartición del cuidado, en paralelo con mejora y calidad. Conclusión: las herramientas tecnológicas son un primer paso en la garantía de la coordinación del cuidado, demostrando ser una característica significativa, con énfasis en los estudios sobre la compartición de información entre los servicios de salud mediante historiales clínicos electrónicos; sin embargo, a pesar de que esta tecnología se muestra ventajosa para el sistema de salud, con buenos resultados, no es el único medio para garantizar la coordinación del cuidado.

Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver e validar uma estratégia de intervenção breve baseada no conceito de implementation intention para promover adesão aos antidiabéticos orais em pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em acompanhamento na atenção primária. Método Estudo metodológico realizado em uma unidade de saúde primária de Carmo do Cajuru, Minas Gerais, Brasil, no período de Mai/2022-Abri/2023. As etapas percorridas envolveram a construção da intervenção baseada no conceito de implementation intention, com a validação de seu conteúdo por sete especialistas e avaliação da sua compreensibilidade por 11 pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O comitê de especialistas avaliou a relevância, compreensibilidade e abrangência da intervenção e o público-alvo avaliou exclusivamente sua compreensibilidade por meio de uma entrevista cognitiva. A concordância entre os especialistas foi avaliada pelo índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) do item e total, sendo considerado satisfatório, IVC do item e total ≥ 0,85. Resultados A estratégia de intervenção foi denominada “Plano de enfrentamento de dificuldades para tomar os antidiabéticos orais” e sua versão final validada foi composta por um conjunto de instruções iniciais, um tópico sobre o comportamento pretendido, uma coluna com 13 possíveis dificuldades e uma coluna com 16 possíveis soluções para as dificuldades listadas. Foi obtido um IVC-total de 0,99; a estratégia de intervenção foi compreendida pelo público-alvo. Conclusão A estratégia de intervenção breve obteve evidência de validade de conteúdo. Esta tecnologia poderá fundamentar e motivar a prática de profissionais da saúde, principalmente do(a)s enfermeiro(a)s, para melhorar sua abordagem junto aos usuários com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em relação à adesão aos antidiabéticos orais.

Abstract Objective To develop and validate a brief intervention strategy based on the concept of implementation intention to promote adherence to oral antidiabetics in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus being monitored in primary care. Method This is a methodological study carried out in a primary health unit in Carmo do Cajuru, Minas Gerais, Brazil, from May 2022 to April 2023. The stages taken involved intervention construction based on the concept of implementation intention, with validity of its content by seven experts and assessment of its comprehensibility by 11 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. An expert committee assessed the intervention’s relevance, comprehensibility and comprehensiveness, and the target audience exclusively assessed their comprehensibility through a cognitive interview. Agreement among experts was assessed by the item and total Content Validity Index (CVI), with item and total CVI being considered satisfactory ≥ 0.85. Results The intervention strategy was called “Plan for coping with difficulties in taking oral antidiabetics”, and its final validated version was composed of a set of initial instructions, a topic on intended behavior, a column with 13 possible difficulties and a column with 16 possible solutions to the difficulties listed. A total CVI of 0.99 was obtained, and the intervention strategy was understood by the target audience. Conclusion The brief intervention strategy obtained evidence of content validity. This technology can support and motivate healthcare professionals’ practice, especially nurses, to improve their approach to users with type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to adherence to oral antidiabetic medications.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar y validar una estrategia de intervención breve basada en el concepto de implementation intention para promover la adhesión a los antidiabéticos orales en personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que realizan seguimiento en la atención primaria. Métodos Estudio metodológico realizado en una unidad de salud primaria de Carmo do Cajuru, Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre mayo de 2022 y abril de 2023. Las etapas llevadas a cabo fueron la elaboración de la intervención basada en el concepto de implementation intention, la validación del contenido por siete especialistas y la evaluación de la comprensibilidad por 11 personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El comité de especialistas evaluó la relevancia, la comprensibilidad y el alcance de la intervención, y el público destinatario evaluó solo la comprensibilidad mediante una entrevista cognitiva. La concordancia entre los especialistas se evaluó mediante el índice de validez de contenido (IVC) de los ítems y total, donde se consideró satisfactorio IVC de los ítems y total ≥ 0,85. Resultados La estrategia de la intervención fue denominada “Plan para enfrentar las dificultades de tomar antidiabéticos orales” y su versión final validada estuvo compuesta por un conjunto de instrucciones iniciales, un tópico sobre el comportamiento esperado, una columna con 13 dificultades posibles y una columna con 16 soluciones posibles para las dificultades enumeradas. Se obtuvo un IVC total de 0,99, y la estrategia de intervención fue comprendida por el público destinatario. Conclusión La estrategia de intervención breve obtuvo evidencia de validez de contenido. Esta tecnología podrá justificar y motivar la práctica de profesionales de la salud, principalmente de enfermeros(as), para mejorar su forma de abordar a los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 respecto a la adhesión a los antidiabéticos orales.

RESUMEN Introducción: El estrés laboral se define como un conjunto de reacciones emocionales, cognitivas, conductuales y fisiológicas en respuesta a sucesos adversos y nocivos en el entorno laboral, la organización y las tareas laborales. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación del estrés laboral con los hábitos alimentarios saludables y la obesidad abdominal en nutricionistas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y de corte transversal en nutricionistas de tres hospitales de referencia en Lima, Perú, durante el inicio de la tercera ola de COVID-19. El estrés laboral se evaluó con el instrumento certificado por la Organización Internacional del Trabajo y la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Para evaluar los hábitos alimentarios saludables se creó y se validó una escala. La obesidad abdominal se calculó según los puntos de corte de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes. La asociación entre el estrés laboral y los hábitos alimentarios saludables se estableció con modelos de regresión lineal simple, mientras que se utilizaron modelos lineales generalizados de la familia de Poisson para determinar la relación con la obesidad abdominal. Resultados: Se analizaron 87 nutricionistas, el 75,86 % eran mujeres con una edad promedio de 41 (33-50) años. La obesidad abdominal se observó en una frecuencia de 51,72 %. No se asoció el estrés laboral con los hábitos alimentarios saludables (βa: 2,39; IC 95 %: -5,19 a 9,97; p = 0,531) ni con la presencia de obesidad abdominal (RPa: 1,01; IC 95 %: 0,69-1,47; p = 0,972). Conclusiones: Los nutricionistas encuestados durante la pandemia de COVID-19 no manifestaron relación entre el estrés laboral y los hábitos alimentarios saludables o la presencia de obesidad abdominal. Se necesitan más investigaciones para explorar otros factores que puedan contribuir al desarrollo de la obesidad abdominal en esta población.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Job stress is defined as a set of emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physiological reactions in response to adverse and harmful events in the work environment, organization and work tasks. Objective: To evaluate the association of work stress with healthy eating habits and abdominal obesity in nutritionists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in nutritionists from three referral hospitals in Lima during the onset of the third wave of COVID-19. Job stress was assessed with the instrument validated by the International Labor Organization and the World Health Organization. A scale was created and validated to assess healthy eating habits. Abdominal obesity was calculated according to the cut-off points of the International Diabetes Federation. The association between work stress and healthy eating habits was determined with simple linear regression models, while generalized linear Poisson family models were used to establish the relationship with abdominal obesity. Results: 87 nutritionists were analyzed, 75.86 % were women with a mean age of 41 (33-50) years. Abdominal obesity was observed in a frequency of 51.72 %. Job stress was not associated with healthy eating habits (βa: 2.39; 95 % CI: -5.19 to 9.97; p = 0.531) nor with the presence of abdominal obesity (RPa: 1.01; 95 % CI: 0.69-1.47; p = 0.972). Conclusions: Nutritionists surveyed during the COVID-19 pandemic expressed no relationship between job stress and healthy eating habits or the presence of abdominal obesity. Further research is needed to explore other factors that may contribute to the development of abdominal obesity in this population.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las úlceras cutáneas crónicas afectan el 1 % de la población adulta. El Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico Humano Recombinante ha demostrado resultar clínicamente seguro y su administración sugiere ser útil también en determinadas afecciones diferentes a la úlcera del pie diabético. Objetivo: Describir una serie de variables relacionadas con la administración del Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico Humano Recombinante en pacientes portadores de úlceras cutáneas no asociadas a la diabetes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, a partir del análisis de documentos de la consulta del policlínico “Rafael Santiago Echezarreta Mulkay”, provincia Mayabeque. Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 42 pacientes portadores de úlceras cutáneas de variada etiología: arteriales (n = 4), venosas (n = 15), traumáticas (n = 11), asociadas a procesos inflamatorios infecciosos de vasos linfáticos (n = 10) y neurotróficas (n = 2). A todos se les aplicó intralesional el Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico Humano Recombinante. En la totalidad, antes de concluir las tres semanas de tratamiento, se había alcanzado tejido de granulación útil. No se identificaron eventos adversos relacionados con la aplicación del producto. Conclusiones: Todas las lesiones fueron reportadas como cerradas. El modo de administración intralesional de este producto colabora con las diferentes estrategias que se recomiendan para vencer los efectos negativos que, sobre la cicatrización de heridas, tiene la presencia del biofilm.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic skin ulcers affect 1 % of the adult population. Recombinant human epidermal growth factor has been shown to be clinically safe and its administration suggests that it is useful also in certain conditions other than diabetic foot ulcer. Objective: To describe a series of variables related to the administration of recombinant human epidermal growth factor in patients with nondiabetic skin ulcers. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective study was carried out, based on the analysis of documents from the consultation room of Rafael Santiago Echezarreta Mulkay polyclinic, of Mayabeque province. Results: A total of 42 patients with cutaneous ulcers of different etiology were included (arterial, n = 4; venous, n = 15; traumatic, n = 11), associated to infectious inflammatory processes of lymphatic vessels (n = 10) and neurotrophic (n = 2). Recombinant human epidermal growth factor was applied intralesionally to all of them. In all, by the end of three weeks of treatment, useful granulation tissue had been achieved. No adverse events related to product application were identified. Conclusions: All lesions were reported as closed. The intralesional mode of administration of this product collaborates with the different strategies recommended to overcome the negative effects on wound healing caused by the presence of biofilm.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Calorie restriction and exercise are commonly used first interventions to prevent the progression of prediabetes and alleviate the symptoms of type 2 diabetes. Our study was designed to determine the effect of the energy deficit caused by long-term (12-week) calorie restriction and exercise programs on appetite responses in obese individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Calorie restriction and exercise programs appropriate for age, gender, and work environment were applied to 22 individuals with prediabetes and 22 with type 2 diabetes participating in the study for a period of 12 weeks. Ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine values of samples taken before and after treatment were determined by the enzyme-linked ιmmunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: Appetite hormone levels did not change after calorie restriction and exercise in the prediabetes group (p>0.05). In the diabetes group, calorie restriction and exercise significantly increased ghrelin and peptide tyrosine tyrosine concentrations (p<0.005). Additionally, when all patients were evaluated together, ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide tyrosine tyrosine levels differed significantly after the intervention (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: The energy deficit created by long-term calorie restriction and exercise did not modulate the appetite hormones in prediabetic and obese individuals. However, increased ghrelin and peptide tyrosine tyrosine levels in individuals with diabetes support that the same treatment program is an effective method to regulate appetite hormones. OBJECTIVE longterm long term 12week week (12-week METHODS age gender 1 weeks Ghrelin glucagonlike glucagon like peptide1, peptide1 1, enzymelinked enzyme linked RESULTS p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 . 0 05 (p>0.05) p<0.005. p0005 p<0.005 005 (p<0.005) Additionally together peptide- CONCLUSION However p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.005 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p>0 (p>0. p<0. (p<0.0 p> (p>0 p<0 (p<0. (p> p< (p<0 (p (p<

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is one of the most frequently performed surgeries worldwide. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery induces an inflammatory response. Interleukin-8 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. C1q/TNF-related protein-12 is implicated in mitigating inflammation and cardiomyocyte damage. This study aimed to compare interleukin-8 and C1q/TNF-related protein-12 levels before and 45 days after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS: A total of 43 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery were studied. Serum concentrations of interleukin-8 and C1q/TNF-related protein-12 were evaluated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method before and 45 days after the surgery. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in interleukin-8 levels between pre- and post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery (p=0.077). However, serum levels of C1q/TNF-related protein-12 were found to be lower 45 days after coronary artery bypass graft surgery compared to pre-surgery levels (p<0.001). Moreover, changes in C1q/TNF-related protein-12 were not associated with diabetes, hypertension, and body mass index (p>0.05), but C1q/TNF-related protein-12 alterations were found to be associated with opium addiction. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the evaluation of C1q/TNF-related protein-12 can be beneficial for the late assessment of post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery inflammation. The reduction of C1q/TNF-related protein-12 levels might indicate increased levels of inflammation after surgery at this time point, which requires the assessment of further inflammatory factors to confirm this finding. OBJECTIVE worldwide response Interleukin8 Interleukin 8 Interleukin- proinflammatory pro diseases C1q/TNFrelated C1qTNFrelated CqTNFrelated C1q/TNF related C1q TNF C q protein12 protein 12 protein-1 damage interleukin8 interleukin interleukin- 4 METHODS studied enzymelinked enzyme linked RESULTS pre postcoronary post p=0.077. p0077 p p=0.077 . 0 077 (p=0.077) However presurgery p<0.001. p0001 p<0.001 001 (p<0.001) Moreover diabetes hypertension p>0.05, p005 p>0.05 , 05 (p>0.05) addiction CONCLUSION point finding TNFrelated qTNFrelated C1qTNF CqTNF Cq protein1 1 protein- p007 p=0.07 07 (p=0.077 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 qTNF p=0.0 (p=0.07 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0 (p>0. p=0 (p=0. p<0 (p<0. p> (p>0 p= (p=0 p< (p<0 (p> (p= (p< (p