Resumen Antecedentes: Las orquídeas constituyen uno de los grupos más diversos de plantas, y brindan una gran cantidad de beneficios a la sociedad humana. Preguntas: ¿Cuáles son los servicios ecosistémicos que brindan las orquídeas? Descripción de los datos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en 413 artículos, de los cuales 224 brindan información relevante enfocándose en publicaciones por categoría de servicio ecosistémico, continente, género y cuartil de revista. Sitio de estudio y años estudiados: estudios de orquídeas en todos los continentes desde 2000 hasta 2021. Métodos: Las bases de datos revisadas fueron BioOne, CONRICyT, EBSCO, EndNote, Google Scholar, JSTOR, Mendeley, ScienceDirect, Wiley library, y libros especializados. Resultados: Se encontraron 75 artículos sobre servicios culturales, seguidos de 66 sobre servicios de provisión, 64 de servicios de soporte y 19 artículos sobre servicios de regulación. La subfamilia Epidendroideae fue la más mencionada con el 90.9 %, siendo el género Dendrobium el que más menciones tuvo (39.13 %). La mayor parte de la investigación sobre los servicios ecosistémicos de las orquídeas se llevó a cabo en los continentes Americano y Asiático, donde prevalecen los servicios culturales y de provisión, respectivamente. Del total de publicaciones, el 54.7 % pertenecen al cuartil 1 y el 2.4 % al cuartil 4. Conclusiones: Esta investigación contribuye al entendimiento de los servicios ecosistémicos proporcionados por las orquídeas, lo que permite una comprensión más completa de cómo la sociedad humana se beneficia de las orquídeas y qué se podría perder si estas especies no se conservan y utilizan de manera sostenible.

Abstract Background: Orchids constitute one of the most diverse group of plants, they provide a large number of benefits to human society. Questions: What are the ecosystem services provided by orchids? Data description: We performed a systematic review based on 413 articles, of which 224 provide relevant information, focusing on publications by ecosystem service category, continent, genus, and quartile of journal. Study site and years studied: studies of orchids on all continents from 2000 to 2021. Methods: databases reviewed were BioOne, CONRICyT, EBSCO, EndNote, Google Scholar, JSTOR, Mendeley, ScienceDirect, Wiley library, as well as reviews of specialized books. Results: We found 75 articles on cultural services, followed by 66 on provisioning services, 64 on supporting and 19 on regulating services. The Epidendroideae subfamily was the most mentioned with 90.9 %, with the genus Dendrobium having the most mentions (39.13 %). Most of the orchid ecosystem service research was conducted on the American and Asian continents, where cultural and provisioning services were prevalent, respectively. Of all the publications, 54.7 % belong to quartile 1, and 2.4 % to quartile 4. Conclusions: This research contributes to our understanding of ecosystem services provided by orchids, which may allow us a more comprehensive understanding of how human society benefits from orchids, and what could be lost if these species are not conserved and used sustainably.

Abstract Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume commonly called Moth Orchid (Orchidaceae) is a natural orchid species designated as the National Flower of Indonesia for its beautiful flower shape and long-lasting flowering period. Basically, P. amabilis has a long vegetative phase that cause late flowering, about 2 to 3 years for flowering, hence a method to shorten vegetative period is desired. The latest technological approach that can be used to accelerate flowering of P. amabilis is the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing method to inactivate the GAI (Gibberellic Acid Insensitive) gene as a mutant gene that can accelerate the regulation of FLOWERING TIME (FT) genes flowering biosynthesis pathway. The approach that needs to be taken is to silence the GAI gene with a knockout system which begins with identifying and characterizing the GAI target gene in the P. amabilis which will be used as a single guide RNA. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout efficiency is highly dependent on the properties of the sgRNA used. SgRNA consists of a target sequence, determining its specificity performance. We executed phylogenetic clustering for the PaGAI protein with closely related orchid species such as Dendrobium capra, Dendrobium cultivars and Cymbidium sinensis. SWISS-Model as tool webserver for protein structure homology modeling. Results show that P. amabilis has a specific domain with the occurrence of point mutations in the two conservative domains. Therefore, a single guide RNA reconstruction needs to be implemented. L. L (L. Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae longlasting lasting Basically P desired CRISPRCas9 CRISPRCas CRISPR Cas9 Cas CRISPR/Cas Gibberellic Insensitive FT (FT pathway sequence performance capra sinensis SWISSModel SWISS Model modeling domains Therefore implemented (L

Resumo Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume, comumente chamada de orquídea mariposa (Orchidaceae), é uma espécie natural de orquídea designada como a flor nacional da Indonésia por seu belo formato de flor e período de floração duradouro. Basicamente, P. amabilis tem uma longa fase vegetativa que causa floração tardia, cerca de 2 a 3 anos para a floração, portanto, um método para encurtar o período vegetativo é desejado. A mais recente abordagem tecnológica que pode ser utilizada para acelerar a floração de P. amabilis é o método de edição do genoma CRISPR/Cas9 para inativar o GAI (Gibberellic Acid Insensitive) que pode ser usado como um gene mutante para acelerar a regulação da floração dos genes FLOWERING TIME (FT), via de biossíntese. Para isto, a melhor abordagem é silenciar o GAI gene com um sistema knockout que deve ser iniciado com a identificação e caracterização do gene alvo GAI no P. amabilis, e que, posteriormente, será utilizado como um único RNA guia. A eficiência de nocaute mediada por CRISPR/Cas9 é altamente dependente das propriedades do sgRNA usados. O SgRNA consiste em uma sequência alvo, determinando seu desempenho de especificidade. Executamos agrupamento filogenético para a proteína PaGAI com espécies de orquídeas intimamente relacionadas, como Dendrobium capra, Dendrobium cultivars e Cymbidium sinensis. SWISS-Model foi utilizado como ferramenta webserver para modelagem de homologia de estruturas de proteínas. Os resultados mostram que P. amabilis possui um domínio específico com ocorrência de mutações pontuais nos dois domínios conservativos. Portanto, uma única reconstrução de RNA guia precisa ser implementada. L. L (L. Blume Orchidaceae, Orchidaceae , (Orchidaceae) duradouro Basicamente P tardia portanto desejado CRISPRCas9 CRISPRCas CRISPR Cas9 Cas CRISPR/Cas Gibberellic Insensitive FT, FT (FT) biossíntese isto posteriormente usados especificidade relacionadas capra sinensis SWISSModel SWISS Model proteínas conservativos Portanto implementada (L (Orchidaceae (FT

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now considered to be the most common liver disease worldwide, caused by fat deposition in hepatocytes. High-fat diet is considered to be a major lifestyle factor predisposing to NAFLD. However, the effect of different cycles of high-fat diets on changes in NAFLD-related gene and protein expression is unclear. In this study, NAFLD mouse models were established by feeding C57BL/6 male mice a high-fat diet for 16 and 38 weeks. The transcriptome and proteome of mouse liver were profiled by RNA sequencing and high-resolution mass spectrometry, respectively. The results show that accumulation of liver lipids was observed at 38 weeks of treatment on a high-fat diet. At the same time, the expression profiles of 1329 genes and 802 proteins involved in NAFLD were changed, with a total of 234 genes and 37 proteins significantly changing by more than twice. These differentially expressed genes and proteins were significantly enriched in fatty acid metabolism and organic acid biosynthesis. 18 genes and their corresponding protein overlaps were identified using Venn diagrams, and most of them were regulated by high-fat diet in an aging-dependent manner. All in all, our study is valuable for understanding the high-fat diet on the developmental process of NAFLD. Nonalcoholic Non alcoholic (NAFLD worldwide hepatocytes Highfat High However highfat high NAFLDrelated related unclear C57BL6 CBL C57BL 6 C BL C57BL/ 1 3 highresolution resolution spectrometry respectively time 132 80 changed 23 twice biosynthesis diagrams agingdependent aging dependent manner all 13 8 2

Abstract OATP1A4 is an important member of the family of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), which is generally thought to mediate cellular uptake of endogenous and exogenous substances, such as bile acids, drugs and environmental toxins. Recent studies have found that Oatp1a4 plays an important role in drug passage through the blood-brain barrier and is expected to be an important target for drugs used to treat central diseases. Oatp1a4 has also been associated with various diseases such as cholestasis. differences in Oatp1a4 across age and sex have also become an area of concern for precision drug administration. Therefore, this paper presents a systematic review of Oatp1a4 expression in drug transport and various physiopathological states. OATPA OATP A OATP1A OATPs, OATPs , (OATPs) substances acids toxins Oatpa Oatp Oatp1a bloodbrain blood brain cholestasis administration Therefore states (OATPs

Abstract Yanlishuang Pills is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine used to treat pharyngitis widely. In this study, we used gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to establish a method for the fingerprint and quantitative analysis of the four major components of Yanlishuang Pills, which can provide a more reliable method for its quality control. We used the software “Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine”, version A, 2004, to obtain fingerprint using the averaging method with a time width of 0.1. The peak with the largest peak area was used as the reference peak to determine the shared peaks and generate the common pattern. Then the main components of the Yanlishuang Pills were identified and their contents were determined in GC-MS SIM mode using internal standard method.The fingerprint established by GC-MS were reproducible, and a total of 18 common peaks were identified in the fingerprint of 13 batches of samples, and the similarity of the fingerprint of each batch of samples was above 0.99. The concentrations of camphor, menthone, borneol and menthol of the four main ingredients of the Yanlishuang Pills were linearly well within the range of 25.13-150.78 μg/mL (r = 0.9995), 28.77-172.62 μg/mL (r = 0.9991), 299.70-1798.20 μg/mL (r = 0.9997), 121.98-731.88 μg/mL (r = 0.9997), and the average recoveries were 102.02% (RSD of 1.3%), 96.10% (RSD of 1.0%), 102.71% (RSD of 1.3%), 102.58% (RSD of 1.1%), respectively, with good precision, reproducibility, and stability within 16 h. The camphor content of the 13 batches of samples was 5.6025-8.3662 mg/g, menthone content was 4.7871-5.8936 mg/g, borneol content was 88.0034-133.0969 mg/g and menthol was 40.2017-61.9466 mg/g. The fingerprints of the Yanlishuang Pills established by GC-MS were characterized by a common pattern, and the simultaneous determination of camphor, menthone, borneol and menthol in the Yanlishuang Pills was rapid, simple and accurate. In conclusion, the determination of the content of multiple ingredients combined with fingerprinting can provide a more comprehensive control of the quality of Yanlishuang Pills. widely study GCMS GC MS (GC-MS Chromatographic Medicine, Medicine , Medicine” A 2004 01 0 1 0.1 pattern methodThe reproducible 099 99 0.99 25.13150.78 251315078 25.13 150.78 25 150 78 25.13-150.7 μgmL μg mL r 0.9995, 09995 0.9995 9995 0.9995) 28.77172.62 287717262 28.77 172.62 28 77 172 62 28.77-172.6 0.9991, 09991 0.9991 9991 0.9991) 299.701798.20 29970179820 299.70 1798.20 299 70 1798 20 299.70-1798.2 0.9997, 09997 0.9997 9997 0.9997) 121.98731.88 1219873188 121.98 731.88 121 98 731 88 121.98-731.8 10202 102 02 102.02 RSD 1.3%, 1.3% 3 1.3%) 9610 96 10 96.10 1.0%, 1.0% 1.0%) 10271 71 102.71 10258 58 102.58 1.1%, 11 1.1% 1.1%) respectively precision reproducibility h 5.60258.3662 5602583662 5.6025 8.3662 5 6025 8 3662 5.6025-8.366 mgg mg g 4.78715.8936 4787158936 4.7871 5.8936 4 7871 8936 4.7871-5.893 88.0034133.0969 8800341330969 88.0034 133.0969 0034 133 0969 88.0034-133.096 40.201761.9466 402017619466 40.2017 61.9466 40 2017 61 9466 40.2017-61.946 rapid accurate conclusion 200 0. 09 9 0.9 13150 25.13150.7 25131507 2513 25.1 15078 150.7 2 15 7 25.13-150. 0999 0.999 999 77172 28.77172.6 28771726 2877 28.7 17262 172.6 17 6 28.77-172. 701798 299.701798.2 2997017982 29970 299.7 179820 1798.2 29 179 299.70-1798. 98731 121.98731.8 121987318 12198 121.9 73188 731.8 12 73 121.98-731. 1020 102.0 1.3 961 96.1 1.0 1027 102.7 1025 102.5 1.1 60258 5.60258.366 560258366 56025 5.602 83662 8.366 602 366 5.6025-8.36 78715 4.78715.893 478715893 47871 4.787 58936 5.893 787 893 4.7871-5.89 0034133 88.0034133.096 880034133096 880034 88.003 1330969 133.096 003 096 88.0034-133.09 201761 40.201761.946 40201761946 402017 40.201 619466 61.946 201 946 40.2017-61.94 1315 25.13150. 2513150 251 25. 1507 150. 25.13-150 7717 28.77172. 2877172 287 28. 1726 172. 28.77-172 70179 299.701798. 299701798 2997 299. 17982 1798. 299.70-1798 9873 121.98731. 12198731 1219 121. 7318 731. 121.98-731 102. 1. 96. 5.60258.36 56025836 5602 5.60 8366 8.36 60 36 5.6025-8.3 4.78715.89 47871589 4787 4.78 5893 5.89 89 4.7871-5.8 003413 88.0034133.09 88003413309 88003 88.00 133096 133.09 00 88.0034-133.0 20176 40.201761.94 4020176194 40201 40.20 61946 61.94 94 40.2017-61.9 131 25.13150 251315 25.13-15 771 28.77172 287717 28.77-17 7017 299.701798 29970179 299.70-179 987 121.98731 1219873 121.98-73 5.60258.3 5602583 560 5.6 836 8.3 5.6025-8. 4.78715.8 4787158 478 4.7 589 5.8 4.7871-5. 00341 88.0034133.0 8800341330 8800 88.0 13309 133.0 88.0034-133. 40.201761.9 402017619 4020 40.2 6194 61.9 40.2017-61. 25.1315 25131 25.13-1 28.7717 28771 28.77-1 701 299.70179 2997017 299.70-17 121.9873 121987 121.98-7 5.60258. 560258 56 5. 83 8. 5.6025-8 4.78715. 478715 47 4. 4.7871-5 88.0034133. 880034133 880 88. 1330 133. 88.0034-133 40.201761. 40201761 402 40. 619 61. 40.2017-61 25.131 25.13- 28.771 28.77- 299.7017 299701 299.70-1 121.987 121.98- 5.60258 5.6025- 4.78715 4.7871- 88.0034133 88003413 88.0034-13 40.201761 4020176 40.2017-6 299.701 299.70- 88.003413 8800341 88.0034-1 40.20176 40.2017- 88.00341 88.0034-

Abstract Terpenoids are one of the secondary metabolites of plants and are the most widely distributed in nature with a diverse skeleton and significant biological activity, among which sesquiterpenoids are the most abundant. Sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids are mainly synthesized by the mevalonate pathway, and the processes involve a variety of key enzymes and are regulated by transcription factors. They play important roles in plant growth and development, environmental adaptation, and resistance to pests and diseases. It is important to understand the gene functions of key enzymes to increase the production of sesquiterpenoids and triterpenoids to meet the market demand and to study the mevalonate biosynthesis pathway in depth. In this paper, the progress of gene cloning and transcription factor regulation of sesquiterpenes, triterpenoids and key enzymes of mevalonate synthesis pathway will be briefly reviewed. activity abundant factors development adaptation diseases depth paper sesquiterpenes reviewed

Abstract Dendrobium officinale is a famous traditional Chinese medicine and nourishing food in China. The active constituents in D. officinale include a variety of chemical components such as polysaccharides, bibenzyl, phenanthrenes, and flavonoids etc. Among them, polysaccharide was selected as the quality control marker for D. officinale in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The previous studies found that the content of polysaccharide constituents in D. officinale from different growing origins had significant differences. To the best of our knowledge, whether the secondary metabolites other than polysaccharides are similarly different in D. officinale from different origins has not been reported. In the present continuing study, UPLC-Q/TOF-MS coupled with multivariate analysis were employed for comparative analysis of the secondary metabolites of D. officinale from different growing origins. At last, 12 differential secondary metabolites of D. officinale from different origins were identified. Network pharmacological analysis results indicated that these differential secondary metabolites of D. officinale from different origins are mainly involved in neuropsychiatric related disorder diseases. This investigation will provide a valuable information for doctors and consumers in clinical practice. China D bibenzyl phenanthrenes etc them Pharmacopoeia differences knowledge reported study UPLCQ/TOFMS UPLCQTOFMS UPLC Q/TOF MS Q TOF last 1 identified diseases practice UPLCQ TOFMS QTOF

Abstract Dendrobium officinale is a traditional Chinese medicine and nourishing food in China. Polysaccharide content was used as a criterion for evaluating the quality of D. officinale. At present, epiphytic cultivation is the main cultivation method of D. officinale in China. In the present study, D. officinale was collected under various growing conditions to compare its polysaccharide content in an attempt to discover the most favorable growing conditions for D. officinale, which can be used to guide the artificial cultivation production of D. officinale. China D study

Abstract Dendrobium nobile is a traditional Chinese medicine and nourishing food in China. Alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides are the two main active ingredients in D. nobile. The previous reports showed that alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides have the same upstream biosynthetic pathway, starting from sesquiterpene components, part of which is converted to sesquiterpene glycosides by the action of UDP-glycosyltransferase, and part of which is further synthesized to alkaloids. Therefore, sesquiterpene UDP-glycosyltransferases play an important role in the biosynthesis of alkaloids and sesquiterpene glycosides in D. nobile. In this study, the key glycosyltransferase genes in sesquiterpene glycosylation in D. nobile were explored, predicted and validated by transcriptome technology. China D pathway components UDPglycosyltransferase, UDPglycosyltransferase UDP glycosyltransferase, UDP-glycosyltransferase Therefore UDPglycosyltransferases glycosyltransferases study explored technology

Abstract: Blumea balsamifera is a very famous medicinal plant and functional tea in many countries of Asia. Ainaxiang tablets are a preparation consisting of flavonoids from B. balsamifera. Today, a high performance liquid chromatography method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 15 flavonoids in Ainaxiang Tablets. The analysis was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a binary gradient mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.2% aqueous acetic acid. The method was validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, stability, precision and accuracy. It was found that this method had linearity with R2 at 0.9992- 0.9999 in the test range of 0.15-276.40 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for 15 tested reference compounds were 0.01-0.28µg/mL and 0.02 - 0.55µg/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSD%) for intra-day and inter-day repeatability were not more than 3.18%. The analyzed samples were stable for at least 18 h. The spike recoveries for 15 analyzed samples were 106.17 - 95.02%. The results suggested that this newly developed HPLC method could be used for quantitative analysis of flavonoids in Ainaxiang Tablets and its raw materials. Abstract Asia B Today 1 C C1 250 (25 46 4 6 4. mm µm 02 0 2 0.2 acid sensitivity stability accuracy R 0.9992 09992 9992 09999 9999 0.999 0.15276.40 01527640 0.15 276.40 276 40 0.15-276.4 µgmL µg mL µg/mL LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 0.010.28µg/mL 001028µgmL 0.01 0.28µg/mL 01 28µg 002 0.0 055µgmL 55µg 0.55µg/mL respectively RSD% RSD (RSD% intraday intra day interday inter 318 3 3.18% h 10617 106 17 106.1 9502 95 95.02% materials 25 (2 0. 0999 999 0.99 15276 0.15276.4 0152764 015 0.1 27640 276.4 27 0.15-276. 010 001 028µgmL 00 (RSD 31 3.18 1061 10 106. 950 9 95.02 ( 099 99 0.9 1527 0.15276. 015276 2764 276. 0.15-276 3.1 95.0 09 152 0.15276 01527 0.15-27 3. 95. 0.1527 0152 0.15-2 0.152 0.15-

Abstract In herbal markets, an overwhelming majority the Dendrobium nobile are sold in dried strips form, and this product type would lead to the incomplete release of the active ingredient. To increase the bioaccessibility of Dendrobium nobile, we obtained powders of different particle sizes by shear-breaking and superfine-grinding to further compare its sensory properties, physical properties, the leaching rate of active ingredients and antioxidant activity in vitro. The results showed that the superfine-grinding changed the sensory properties and physical properties of Dendrobium nobile, with an increase in bulk density, a decrease in swelling capacity and water-holding capacity and an increase in water solubility index. The method also contributed to the release of total polysaccharides, dendrobine, total polyphenols and total flavonoids components, thereby increasing ABTS, DPPH and nitrite ion scavenging activity. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy analyses showed that superfine-grinding had no effect on the primary structure of the fractions as with decreasing particle size. This study suggested that superfine-grinding could be a promising method for producing Dendrobium nobile powders with higher contents of bioactive compounds and bioactivity. markets form ingredient shearbreaking shear breaking superfinegrinding superfine grinding vitro density waterholding holding index polysaccharides dendrobine components ABTS addition size bioactivity

Abstract Gynostemma pentaphyllum is a functional food that is commercially available worldwide. Triterpenoid saponins are the main active components in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, which are usually hydrolyzed into triterpene sapogenins in organisms to play a pharmacological role. Gypensapogenin D is a triterpene sapogenins with the highest content in the hydrolysate of gypenoside. In addition, it was found that Gypensapogenin D had a certain inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase. In view of the poor solubility of Gypensapogenin D, which affects its bioavailability, Gypensapogenin D was prepared as a liposomal formulation in this paper, which provides valuable data for the later in-depth study and drug development and utilization of this compound. worldwide role gypenoside addition αglucosidase. αglucosidase α glucosidase. glucosidase α-glucosidase bioavailability paper indepth depth compound

Abstract Using UPLC and PDA detector, the fingerprints of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale produced in the Longling area of Yunnan Province, China were obtained quickly and efficiently, and 26 common peaks in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale samples were obtained by automatic peak matching through the “Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System”. The relative peak areas of the common peaks were analyzed by PCA using R, and the results showed that Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale could be well distinguished by PCA, which was consistent with the analysis results of OPLS-DA. The results fully demonstrate that Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale grown in the same area can be effectively distinguished by using the method of common peaks combined with stoichiometry. The VIP value of the 13 common peaks is greater than 1.0, which has a significant contribution to the difference and it was differential marker in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale. At the same time, normal-phase silica gel column chromatography was used to separate and purify the compounds that are related to the common peaks, and a total of 7 compounds were identified, among which eupatolide and isoschaftoside belong to differential markers and characteristic compounds in Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale, which have good biological health care activity. The successful identification of Dendrobium devonianum and Dendrobium officinale in Longling area of Yunnan Province and the discovery of related differential markers play an important role in the further research and development of Dendrobium devonianum as a new food raw material and its products. detector efficiently 2 Chinese System. System . System” R OPLSDA. OPLSDA OPLS DA. DA OPLS-DA stoichiometry 1 10 0 1.0 time normalphase normal phase identified activity products 1.

Abstract In vitro flowering is a technique used in genetic improvement that accelerates generations and favors the faster fixation of new traits of agronomic and market interest. The study aimed to establish a protocol for the in vitro flowering of Dendrobium nobile, through the combined temperature and of the growth regulator thidiazuron (TDZ) effects. Experiments was performed in a flask that was kept in a BOD incubator at 18, 21, or 24 °C or in a growth room at 26 °C. The TDZ concentrations were 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg L-1. The highest percentage of flowering shoots of 13.7% occurred at a concentration of 2 mg L-1 of TDZ grown at a temperature of 18 °C. Dendrobium nobile in vitro flowering was promoted in plants cultivated in ½ MS supplemented with 30 g L-1 sucrose, 5.5 g L-1 agar, 100 mL L-1 coconut water, pH 6.0, and 2.0 mg L-1 TDZ at a controlled temperature of 18 °C and a photoperiod of 16 h. The in vitro flowering induction protocol of the D. nobile species could be used or improved for future studies. interest (TDZ effects 21 C 00 0 0.0 05 5 0.5 10 1 1.0 20 2. L1. L1 L 1. 137 13 7 13.7 L- 3 sucrose 55 5. agar water 60 6 6.0 h D studies 0. 13. 6.

Resumo A floração in vitro é uma técnica utilizada no melhoramento genético que acelerar gerações e favorecer a fixação mais rápida de novos caracteres de interesse agronômico e do mercado. O estudo visou estabelecer um protocolo para a floração in vitro de Dendrobium nobile, através dos efeitos combinados de temperatura e do regulador de crescimento thidiazuron (TDZ). Os experimentos foram realizados em incubadora tipo BOD a 18, 21, 24 °C e, em sala de crescimento a 26 °C. As concentrações de TDZ testadas foram de 0,0, 0,5, 1,0 e 2,0 mg L-1. A maior porcentagem de brotos floridos de 13,70% ocorreu na concentração de 2 mg L-1 de TDZ cultivados em temperatura de 18 °C. O florescimento in vitro de D. nobile foi promovido em plantas cultivadas em ½ MS suplementadas com 30 g L-1 de sacarose, 5,5 g L-1 de ágar, 100 mL L-1 de água de coco, pH 6,0 e 2,0 mg L-1 de TDZ em temperatura controlada de 18 °C e fotoperíodo de 16 h. O protocolo de indução de florescimento in vitro da espécie D. nobile poderá ser utilizado ou aprimorado para estudos futuros. mercado TDZ. . (TDZ) 21 C 00 0 0,0 05 5 0,5 10 1 1, 20 2, L1. L1 L 1. 1370 13 70 13,70 L- D 3 sacarose 55 5, ágar coco 60 6 6, h futuros (TDZ 0, 137 7 13,7 13,

Abstract Dendrobium is a large genus of orchids containing more than 1800 species spliced in some sections and many are very attractive such as the group Nobile from section Dendrobium. They are an easy-to-cultivate ornamental group with pseudobulbs cane-like, mostly hard, erect, covered by the bases of the leaves and flowering in almost all internodes. In this work, we tried to develop a cultivar of small size with floriferous plants. The hybrid Dendrobium Aurora’s Orange Hana was produced and showed compact and floriferous plants with varied colours among the offspring. Three superior clones were selected due to a better display, architecture, three to four flowers per node, and vibrant colours. This new cultivar can be easily grown in pots or on living supports, forming compact and very flowering clumps. 180 easytocultivate easy cultivate canelike, canelike cane like, like cane-like hard erect internodes work Auroras Aurora s offspring display architecture node supports clumps 18 1

Resumo Dendrobium é um grande gênero de orquídeas contendo mais de 1800 espécies divididas em algumas seções e muitas são muito atraentes, como o grupo Nobile da seção Dendrobium. É um grupo ornamental de fácil cultivo, com pseudobulbos em forma de cana, em sua maioria duros, eretos, recobertos pelas bases das folhas e florescendo em quase todos os entrenós. Neste trabalho, procuramos desenvolver um cultivar de pequeno porte com plantas floríferas. O híbrido Dendrobium Aurora’s Orange Hana foi produzido e apresentou plantas compactas e floríferas com cores variadas entre os descendentes. Três clones superiores foram selecionados devido a uma melhor exibição, arquitetura, três a quatro flores por nó e cores vibrantes. Esta nova cultivar pode ser facilmente cultivada em vasos ou em suportes vivos, formando touceiras compactas e muito floridas. 180 atraentes cultivo cana duros eretos entrenós trabalho Auroras Aurora s descendentes exibição arquitetura vibrantes vivos floridas 18 1