Abstract This article analyses the role of the Argentinian state concerning the Home Programme and the meaning beneficiaries give to it. Originally conceived as an assistance scheme to overcome problems of access to gas for domestic consumption through the delivery of gas cylinders to households, the programme became a direct monetary transfer. In a context of scarcity and lack of formal employment, the mechanism is insufficient given that female heads of household use the money to cover basic food basket expenses. The inefficiency of the state and the undermining of community and neighbourhood capacities to make problems visible and make demands would mean that the programme does not produce beneficiaries. In conclusion, the state carries out partial benefits that do not cover the needs of vulnerable households; likewise, the "Home Programme" dynamics could fulfil relevant objectives if it examines and adjusts its focus on rights.

Resumen Este artículo analiza el rol del Estado en relación con el Programa Hogar y el sentido que las beneficiarias le otorgan. En un inicio concebido como un esquema de asistencia para suplir los problemas de acceso a gas de consumo doméstico mediante la entrega de bombonas en los hogares, el programa devino en una transferencia monetaria directa. Este mecanismo es insuficiente, dado que, en un contexto de escasez y ausencia de empleo formal, las jefas de hogar emplean el dinero para sufragar gastos de la canasta básica. La ineficiencia del Estado, junto con capacidades comunitarias-barriales menoscabadas para visibilizar problemas y hacer demandas, hace que el programa, en realidad, no produzca beneficiarias. En conclusión, el Estado argentino lleva a cabo prestaciones parciales que no cubren las necesidades de los hogares vulnerables; asimismo, la dinámica del Programa Hogar podría cumplir objetivos relevantes si examinase y ajustase su enfoque de derechos.

Abstract The Plans for the Social Organization of Rural Property (POSPR) in Colombia would allow the implementation of the Integral Rural Reform (RRI), an essential component of the Peace Agreements. Specifically, POSPR’s institutional design in Ovejas (a municipality in the Department of Sucre) would enable the implementation of the RRI. Information from interviews with key actors, the review of national legislation, and the use of software to elaborate databases show that, in this locality, plans to incorporate hectares into the Land Fund and the delivery of land titles strengthen community participation with gender equity and guarantee territorial planning. However, the gradual suspension of these plans at the national level has halted the progress of rural reform. Ovejas would be the only municipality complying with this point of the Peace Agreements.

Resumen Los planes de ordenamiento social de la propiedad rural (POSPR) en Colombia permitirían la implementación de la reforma rural integral (RRI), componente esencial del Acuerdo de Paz. De manera puntual, se argumenta que el diseño institucional del POSPR de Ovejas, municipio del Departamento de Sucre, posibilitaría la ejecución de la RRI. La información de entrevistas a actores clave, la revisión de legislación nacional y la elaboración de matrices en un software muestran que, en esta localidad, los planes de incorporación de hectáreas al Fondo de Tierras y de entrega de títulos de propiedad fortalecen la participación comunitaria con equidad de género y garantiza el ordenamiento del territorio. No obstante, la suspensión paulatina a escala nacional de estos planes ha detenido el avance de la reforma rural. Ovejas sería el único municipio que estaría cumpliendo con este punto del Acuerdo de Paz.

Abstract Objective: To study the association between placental efficiency with anthropometry and nutritional phenotypes in full-term newborns from a birth cohort. Method: This was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of data obtained in a cohort study (Brazilian RibeirãoPreto and São Luís Birth Cohort Studies - BRISA), whose deliveries were performed between 2010 and 2011. Standardized questionnaires were applied to mothers, and placentas and newborns were evaluated shortly after delivery. Placental efficiency was assessed using the ratio between birth weight and placental weight (BW/PW ratio); values below the lower quartile (25th percentile for gestational age) were considered to have low placental efficiency. Newborn phenotypes were small and large for gestational age, stunted and wasted, evaluated using the INTERGROWTH-21 growth standard. To identify the confounding variables theoretical model was constructed using Directed Acyclic Graphs, and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression were performed. Placental measurements were obtained blindly from pregnancy and delivery data. Results: 723 mother-placenta-child triads were studied. 3.2 % of newborns were small-for-gestational-age (SGA), 6.5 %large-for-gestational-age (LGA), 5.7 %had stunting, and 0.27 % wasting. A significantly higher risk was found between low placental efficiency and SGA (OR 2.82;95 % CI 1.05-7.57), stunting (OR 2.23; 95 % CI 1.07-4.65), and wasting (OR 8.22; 95 % CI 1.96-34.37). No relationship was found between LGA and placental efficiency. Conclusions: Low placental efficiency was associated with increased risk for small-for-gestational-age, stunting, and wasting. Placental morphometry can provide valuable information on intrauterine conditions and neonatal health, helping to identify newborns at higher risk of future comorbidities. Objective fullterm full term Method crosssectional cross sectional Brazilian BRISA, BRISA , BRISA) 201 2011 mothers BW/PW BWPW BW PW ratio) 25th th age wasted INTERGROWTH21 INTERGROWTH 21 INTERGROWTH-2 standard Graphs Results 72 motherplacentachild mother placenta child studied 32 3 2 3. smallforgestationalage SGA, (SGA) 65 6 5 6. %largeforgestationalage largeforgestationalage %large LGA, (LGA) 57 7 5. had 027 0 27 0.2 OR 2.8295 28295 2.82 82 2.82;9 1.057.57, 105757 1.05 7.57 1 05 1.05-7.57) 2.23 223 23 9 1.074.65, 107465 1.07 4.65 07 4 1.07-4.65) 8.22 822 8 22 1.9634.37. 1963437 1.96 34.37 . 96 34 37 1.96-34.37) Conclusions smallforgestationalage, health comorbidities 20 INTERGROWTH2 INTERGROWTH- (SGA (LGA 02 0. 8295 2.829 2829 282 2.8 2.82; 057 1.057.57 10575 105 1.0 757 7.5 1.05-7.57 2.2 074 1.074.65 10746 107 465 4.6 1.07-4.65 8.2 9634 1.9634.37 196343 196 1.9 3437 34.3 1.96-34.37 829 28 2. 1.057.5 1057 10 1. 75 7. 1.05-7.5 1.074.6 1074 46 4. 1.07-4.6 8. 963 1.9634.3 19634 19 343 34. 1.96-34.3 1.057. 1.05-7. 1.074. 1.07-4. 1.9634. 1963 1.96-34. 1.057 1.05-7 1.074 1.07-4 1.9634 1.96-34 1.05- 1.07- 1.963 1.96-3 1.96-

Resumen Estudio de tipo cualitativo que explora las perspectivas y experiencias de un grupo de mujeres mexicanas que vivieron la atención institucionalizada del parto en la primera y segunda ola de la pandemia por COVID-19. A través de un guión semiestructurado se entrevistó a nueve mujeres que vivieron la experiencia de la atención del parto entre marzo y octubre de 2020, en hospitales públicos y privados de la ciudad de San Luis Potosí, en México. Bajo la propuesta de análisis de la teoría fundamentada, se identificó que las estrategias sanitarias implementadas en el marco de la pandemia, trajeron consigo un retroceso en la garantía del parto humanizado, las mujeres se narraron desconfiadas en los protocolos que siguió el personal para la atención de sus partos en los hospitales del sector público y muy confiadas en los que se implementaron en el sector privado. La realización de cesáreas sin una justificación clara emergió como una constante, igual que la separación temprana de los binomios. Continúa frágil la disposición y el convencimiento del personal sanitario y las instituciones para garantizar, proteger y defender el derecho de las mujeres a vivir el parto libre de violencia. Persisten resistencias para repensar la atención del parto desde un paradigma no biomédicalizante. COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 2020 Potosí México fundamentada humanizado privado constante binomios garantizar violencia biomédicalizante COVID1 1 COVID-1 202 COVID- 20 2

Abstract This is a qualitative study that explores the perspectives and experiences of a group of Mexican women who experienced institutionalized childbirth care in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a semi-structured script, nine women who experienced childbirth care were interviewed between March and October 2020 in public and private hospitals in the city of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Under the Grounded Theory analysis proposal, it was identified that the health strategies implemented during the pandemic brought with them a setback in the guarantee of humanized childbirth. Women described themselves as distrustful of the protocols that personnel followed to attend to their births in public sector hospitals and very confident in those implemented in the private sector. The intervention of cesarean sections without a clear justification emerged as a constant, as did early dyad separation. Healthcare personnel’s and institutions’ willingness and conviction to guarantee, protect and defend the right of women to experience childbirth free of violence remain fragile. Resistance persists to rethink childbirth care from a non-biomedicalizing paradigm. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 semistructured semi structured script 202 Potosí Mexico proposal constant separation personnels s institutions fragile nonbiomedicalizing non biomedicalizing paradigm COVID1 1 COVID- 20 2

Abstract The informal caregiver provides non-remunerated permanent or regular care to dependent older adults. This qualitative study aimed to identify the perceptions of informal caregivers about motivations, needs, and benefits of caring for dependent older adults. It was conducted with ten Portuguese informal caregivers, based on an instrument with questions about the care provided to older adults and their perceptions about performing this role. The results revealed the following motivations for care: proximity and trust relationship, duty of care, more available family members, home proximity, lack of vacancies, high cost of shelter institutions, and older adults’ desire to remain in their homes. The primary care activities for older adults are hydration, hygiene, food, therapeutic administration, companionship, emotional support, comfort, entertainment, and promoting autonomy and dignity. The needs identified by the caregivers were home, social security, and the caregiver’s employer support, financial help, psychological support, and training to care for the older adults. The benefits of informal care for dependent older adults were prompt family support, physical and emotional security, affection, and companionship. This study gives voice to crucial citizens. nonremunerated non remunerated role relationship members vacancies institutions homes hydration hygiene food administration companionship support comfort entertainment dignity security s help affection citizens

Resumo O cuidador informal presta cuidados permanentes ou regulares a pessoas idosas em situação de dependência, sem remuneração. Objetivou-se identificar as percepções de cuidadores informais sobre motivações, necessidades e benefícios do cuidado ao idoso dependente. Estudo qualitativo realizado com 10 cuidadoras informais portuguesas, a partir de um instrumento com questões sobre o cuidado prestado ao idoso e suas percepções sobre o exercício dessa função. Os resultados revelaram como motivações para o cuidado: relação de proximidade e confiança, dever de cuidar, familiar mais disponível, proximidade da residência, inexistência de vagas e elevado custo das instituições de acolhimento e desejo do idoso permanecer na sua habitação. Os principais cuidados aos idosos são: hidratação, higiene, alimentação, administração terapêutica, companhia, apoio emocional, conforto, entretenimento, promoção da autonomia e dignidade. As necessidades identificadas pelas cuidadoras foram: apoio domiciliário, da segurança social e da entidade empregadora do cuidador, ajuda financeira, suporte psicológico e capacitação para cuidar do idoso. Os benefícios do cuidado informal para o idoso dependente apontados foram: celeridade do apoio familiar, segurança física e emocional, afeto e companheirismo. Este estudo dá voz a cidadãos cruciais. dependência remuneração Objetivouse Objetivou se 1 portuguesas função confiança disponível residência habitação são hidratação higiene alimentação terapêutica companhia emocional conforto entretenimento dignidade foram domiciliário financeira companheirismo cruciais

RESUMO Nos últimos 30 anos, ocorreram transformações significativas nas relações de trabalho, no sindicalismo e na própria comunicação sindical no Brasil. O avanço do neoliberalismo e das plataformas online expandiu a informalidade, fragmentou as organizações da classe trabalhadora e produziu um proletariado da era digital ainda mais precarizado. Sob os efeitos do capitalismo de plataforma, os trabalhadores de aplicativos começaram a experimentar novos arranjos de resistência a partir da convergência midiática e das possibilidades de existir e lutar em ambientes digitais. Este artigo analisa as experiências de comunicação do grupo de moto-entregadores Galera da Pressão (GDP), em atividade na cidade de Natal, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, desde 2020. As reflexões buscaram identificar possíveis semelhanças e diferenças com a tradicional comunicação sindical, a partir da observação de uma paralisação liderada pelo coletivo, em maio de 2022, cujas ações foram registradas no Instagram do grupo.

RESUMEN En los últimos 30 años se han producido importantes transformaciones en las relaciones laborales, en el sindicalismo y en la propia comunicación sindical en Brasil. El avance del neoliberalismo y de las plataformas online ha expandido la informalidad, fragmentado las organizaciones de la clase trabajadora y producido un proletariado de la era digital aún más precario. Bajo los efectos del capitalismo de plataformas, los trabajadores de las aplicaciones han comenzado a experimentar nuevos dispositivos de resistencia basados en la convergencia mediática y en las posibilidades de existir y luchar en entornos digitales. Este artículo analiza las experiencias de comunicación del grupo de repartidores en moto Galera da Pressão (GDP), activo en la ciudad de Natal, en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte, desde 2020. Las reflexiones buscaron identificar posibles similitudes y diferencias con la comunicación sindical tradicional, a partir de la observación de una huelga protagonizada por el colectivo en mayo de 2022, cuyas acciones fueron registradas en la cuenta de Instagram del grupo.

ABSTRACT In the last 30 years, significant transformations have occurred in labor relations, unionism, and union communication itself in Brazil. The advance of neoliberalism and online platforms has expanded informality, fragmented working class organizations, and produced an even more precarious digital age proletariat. Under the effects of platform capitalism, app-based workers began to experiment with new resistance arrangements based on media convergence and the possibilities of existing and fighting in digital environments. This article analyzes the communication experiences of the group of delivery motorcyclists Galera da Pressão (GDP), which has been operating in the city of Natal, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, since 2020. The reflections sought to identify possible similarities and differences with the traditional union communication, based on the observation of a strike led by the collective, in May 2022, whose actions were recorded on the group's Instagram.

BACKGROUND. South Africa (SA) has committed to eliminating malaria by 2028. However, the initial target was set for 2023. Additionally, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of drug and insecticide resistance have been identified as potential stumbling blocks in the achievement of this goal. The impact of COVID-19 on the prevalence and distribution of malaria in SA is unclear. OBJECTIVE. To describe the trends and distribution of malaria before and during the pandemic and its associated lockdown strategies in one of the country's malaria-endemic provinces, Mpumalanga Province. METHOD. A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted using Mpumalanga provincial malaria case data extracted from the provincial District Health Information System 2. The impact of COVID-19 on the prevalence and distribution of malaria was assessed in Mpumalanga Province between 2017 and 2022 using descriptive trend analysis. Malaria cases before (2017 - 2019) and post-COVID-19 (2020 - 2022) were cross-tabulated using Stata version 17. We used χ² tests to test for significant differences, set at p<0.05. RESULTS. During the study period, 25 380 malaria cases were reported, with the majority men (61%) >26 years old, with reported international travel, primarily to Mozambique. Limpopo Province (93%) accounted for most of the locally imported cases. Headaches and fever were the most common symptoms before and post COVID-19, while asymptomatic malaria carriage was higher during and post COVID (p<0.05). Prior to the pandemic reporting of the preferred treatment for uncomplicated malaria, Coartem use was at 53%, declining to 21% thereafter. Although COVID-19-related restrictions on human movement greatly reduced the malaria burden in Mpumalanga Province, the high-risk group (young mobile men) remained unchanged over the study period. Of concern were the marked reduction in the reporting of Coartem doses administered and the increased prevalence of asymptomatic carriage since 2020. The importation of malaria poses one of the biggest challenges to malaria elimination in Mpumalanga Province. CONCLUSION. This study highlighted the impact of COVID-19 and its related lockdown restrictions on the delivery of malaria health services in Mpumalanga Province. If malaria elimination is to be achieved, all aspects of the malaria programme must be strengthened urgently. Additionally, the health system and cross-border collaborations must also be strengthened.

Reservoirs often experience significant evaporation, causing a reduction in productive water use and prompting calls to curtail the loss. While efforts to reduce evaporation have predominantly focused on improving efficiencies, there has been a comparatively limited exploration of the associated costs per unit of additional water yield. To address this, a unit reference value (URV) calculation approach was employed in a case study to compare the unit costs of this additional yield through various evaporation suppression methods. The evaluated techniques included chemical monolayers, shade cloth, and both hard and soft floating covers. The URV calculation factored in capital, operating, and maintenance costs over a 20-year term, specified water-saving efficiencies for each technology, and various environmentally driven evaporation and social discount rates. The resulting URVs were compared with those for raising the Clanwilliam Dam, a large-scale groundwater scheme and the URVs for desalination. Notably, monolayers emerged with the lowest URV, but their yield efficiency is severely compromised by their short lifespan and high susceptibility to wind. The URVs of shade cloth proved competitive with those of desalination but are practical only for relatively small areas. In contrast, floating hard and soft covers demonstrated higher per-unit water delivery costs than desalination due to more frequent capital equipment replacements caused by their faster wear and weathering. The findings suggest that current evaporation suppression technologies may be economically unfeasible for agricultural and even domestic water supplies. The URV calculation serves as a valuable tool for comparing the cost-effectiveness of diverse yield-additive strategies.

Abstract Our case focuses on a 34-year-old woman, pregnant, with a history of allergic rhinitis treated with antihistamines as needed. She had no documented history of medication allergies. At 38 weeks she went into labor. Three days after delivery, she received intravenous hydrocortisone for postpartum pain management. During administration, the patient developed generalized urticaria, dysphonia, and dyspnea. She was brought to the emergency room and received intramuscular adrenaline and antihistamines with clinical improvement. Prick tests for methylprednisolone succinate 10 mg/ml and hydrocortisone succinate 10 mg/mL and 100 mg/ml were positive. In challenge testing, the patient tolerated dexamethasone and budesonide. A diagnosis of anaphylactic reaction to group A corticosteroids was made. The patient was instructed to avoid hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, and prednisolone. Although rare, corticosteroid allergy has very important therapeutic consequences; therefore it is necessary to be alert and to offer a safe alternative to these patients demonstrating tolerance to other corticosteroids.

Resumo O nosso caso foca-se numa mulher de 34 anos, grávida, com antecedentes de rinite alérgica tratada com anti-histamínicos em SOS. Não tinha histórico documentado de alergias a medicamentos. Às 38 semanas, entrou em trabalho de parto. Tês dias após o parto, foi medicada com hidrocortisona intravenosa para o controlo da dor pós-parto. Durante a administração, a doente desenvolveu anafilaxia. Foi levada para a sala de emergência, tendo sido tratada com adrenalina intramuscular e anti-histamínicos, com melhoria clínica. Os testes cutâneos prick para succinato de metilprednisolona 10 mg/ml e succinato de hidrocortisona 10 mg/mL e 100 mg/ml foram positivos. Posteriormente foram realizadas provas de provocação com dexametasona e budesonida, com boa tolerância. Foi feito o diagnóstico de reação anafilática a corticosteróides do grupo A. A doente foi recomendada a evitar totalmente o uso de hidrocortisona, metilprednisolona e prednisolona. Apesar de rara, a alergia a corticosteróides tem consequências terapêuticas muito importantes; por isso é necessário estar alerta e oferecer uma alternativa segura a estes pacientes que demonstram tolerância a outros corticosteróides.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives The legislation gives the possibility for pregnant women with jobs where there are night shifts, to avoid doing them during this stage. However, sometimes the workers themselves question whether this has concrete scientific validity and what this could entail for themselves and their descendants. Not being a topic with much published literature, this review allows to consult a summary of the most up-to-date records at this level, in order to make assertive and scientific decisions regarding conditioning, as well as whether these should be mandatory or optional. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in May 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content Night shifts during pregnancy may be associated with greater family-work conflict, tiredness and sleep disturbance; as well as cancers, weight gain, diabetes, high blood pressure and other cardiovascular diseases; in addition to preterm delivery, low birth weight and congenital anomalies. Discussion and Conclusions Night shifts during pregnancy, especially if numerous and/or consecutive, seem to allow for some alterations, whose pathophysiology is reasonably explained/theorized. However, the probability and eventual severity of these issues must be considered by the pregnant woman herself, so that she (duly informed with regard to current medical knowledge on the subject) choose whether she wishes to continue to do some night shifts and, if so, how; since anxiety and disruption of routines can also be harmful, especially on an emotional and/or economic level (more prominently in companies where the pregnant woman has empathy with the tasks, the work team and/or I have a shared transport). It should be decided on a case-by-case basis, as a team, taking into account pregnant´s opinion. It would be interesting for professionals working in a hospital environment, in an institution that has Obstetric service, to focus a little on the topic, portraying the national reality and publishing their research in a magazine in the area, to disseminate knowledge. and national level, with international extrapolation.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos A legislação consagra a possibilidade de as grávidas com postos de trabalho em que existam turnos noturnos, os evitem durante esta etapa. Contudo, por vezes, as próprias trabalhadoras questionam a validade científica concreta dessa medida e o que isso poderá acarretar para si e para a descendência. Não sendo um tema com muita bibliografia publicada, esta revisão permite consultar uma síntese do que mais atualizado se registou a este nível, de forma a se tomarem decisões assertivas e científicas em relação a condicionamentos, bem como se estes devem ser obrigatórios ou opcionais. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em maio de 2023, nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo Os turnos noturnos durante a gravidez poderão associar-se a maior conflito família-trabalho, cansaço e perturbação do sono; bem como cancros, aumento de peso, diabetes, hipertensão arterial e outras doenças cardiovasculares; para além de parto pré-termo, baixo peso ao nascer e anomalias congénitas. Discussão e Conclusões Os turnos noturnos durante a gravidez, sobretudo se numerosos e/ou seguidos, parecem possibilitar algumas alterações, cuja fisiopatologia se encontra razoavelmente explicitada/teorizada. Contudo, a probabilidade e eventual gravidade dessas questões devem ser ponderadas pela própria grávida (devidamente informada relativamente aos conhecimentos médicos atuais), para que possa optar se deseja continuar a fazer alguns turnos noturnos e, em caso positivo, de que forma; uma vez que a ansiedade e perturbação de rotinas pode ser também perniciosa, sobretudo a nível emocional e/ou económico (com maior destaque em empresas onde a grávida tenha empatia com as tarefas e com a equipa de trabalho e/ou tenha meio de transporte partilhado). Caberá decidir caso a caso, em equipa, considerando a opinião da própria. Seria aliciante que profissionais a exercer em ambiente hospitalar, em instituição que tenha serviço de Obstetrícia, se debruçassem um pouco sobre o tema, retratando a realidade nacional e publicando a sua investigação em revista da área, para difusão de conhecimentos e nível nacional, com extrapolação internacional.

Summary Learning objects (LO) are defined as those files or digital units that can be used in different scenarios and pedagogical contexts. The objective of this work was to characterize the use of polymedia videos (PV) as LO of practical biochemistry contents by the students of the Molecular and Cellular Biology (BMC) course of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. For this, in the specific section of the biochemistry Virtual Learning Environment (EVA-FVet) within the BMC course, 10 PV of practical content were offered to be consulted as support material prior to their delivery and for preparation of evaluative instances and carrying out exams. Using statistics obtained from YouTube, the following was analyzed for each PV: number of views, total duration of views, average playback time, average playback percentage, percentage of total views made by different devices (computer, mobile phone, and tablet). The results obtained showed that the VP were viewed in a number similar to the number of students, reproduced on average with 63% of their duration, with an inversely proportional relationship between the duration and the percentage of reproduction. In addition, they were fundamentally viewed through computers and, to a lesser extent, through cell phones and tablets. With this work it can be concluded that the students used the PV as LO for the follow-up of the practical ones, as well as for the preparation of partial tests and/or exams.

Resumen Los objetos de aprendizaje (OA) se definen como aquellos archivos o unidades digitales que pueden ser utilizados en distintos escenarios y contextos pedagógicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar el uso de videos polimedia (VP) como OA de contenidos prácticos de Bioquímica por los estudiantes del curso de Biología Molecular y Celular (BMC) de la Facultad de Veterinaria. Para ello, en la sección específica del Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje (EVA-FVet) de Bioquímica dentro del curso de BMC, se ofrecieron 10 VP de contenidos prácticos para ser consultados como material de apoyo antes del dictado de estos y para la preparación de instancias evaluativas y realización de exámenes. Mediante estadísticas obtenidas de YouTube, se analizó para cada VP: número de visualizaciones, duración total de las visualizaciones, tiempo medio de reproducción, porcentaje medio de reproducción, porcentaje de visualizaciones totales realizadas en distintos dispositivos (computadora, teléfono móvil y tablet). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que los VP fueron visualizados un número de veces similar al número de estudiantes, reproducidos en promedio un 63 % de su duración, con una relación inversamente proporcional entre la duración y el porcentaje de reproducción. Además, fueron visualizados fundamentalmente en computadoras y, en menor medida, celulares y tablets. Con este trabajo se puede concluir que los estudiantes utilizaron los VP como OA para el seguimiento de los prácticos, así como para la preparación de pruebas parciales y/o exámenes.

Resumo Objetos de aprendizagem (OA) são definidos como aqueles arquivos ou unidades digitais que podem ser utilizados em diferentes cenários e contextos pedagógicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a utilização de vídeos polimídia (VP) como OA de conteúdos práticos de Bioquímica pelos alunos da disciplina de Biologia Molecular e Celular (BMC) da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária. Para tanto, na seção específica do Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem de Bioquímica (EVA-FVet) dentro do curso BMC, foram oferecidos 10 VP de conteúdo prático para serem consultados como material de apoio antes de sua entrega e para elaboração de instâncias avaliativas e realização de exames. Usando estatísticas obtidas do YouTube, foram analisados para cada VP: número de visualizações, duração total das visualizações, tempo médio de reprodução, porcentagem média de reprodução, porcentagem do total de visualizações feitas por diferentes dispositivos (computador, celular e tablet). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os VP foram visualizados em número semelhante ao número de alunos, reproduzidos em média com 63% de sua duração, havendo uma relação inversamente proporcional entre a duração e o percentual de reprodução. Foram visualizados através de computadores e, em menor escala, de telemóveis e tablets. Com este trabalho conclui-se que os alunos utilizaram o VP como OA para o acompanhamento das práticas, bem como para a elaboração de testes parciais e/ou exames.

ABSTRACT Mental health in the Unified Health System has experienced a dispute between disease-centered care and socio-environmental determinants. The study of state co-financing of the Psychosocial Care Network in Rio de Janeiro (2019 to 2022) aimed to explain how theoretical-conceptual elements about mental health were relevant in interfederative financing decisions in this period. A review of federal and state regulations of the Intermanagement Committees (Bipartite and Tripartite), technical notes and Fala.BR site was carried out. The documents demonstrated the interfederative rupture in relation to territorial and community-based mental health care. During this period, while the Ministry of Health directed its agenda towards outpatient and specialized care, Rio de Janeiro increased the state’s financial resource for mental health by R$ 175 million to strengthen Psychosocial Care Centers and Therapeutic Residential Services qualified or eligible for qualification. The deinstitutionalization of asylum survivors and the expansion of the care network for crisis situations are results found in Rio de Janeiro. The conclusion of the study suggests the construction of an interfederative monitoring methodology for public mental health financing so that the delivery of care is increasingly closer to the needs of citizens and territorial vulnerabilities.

RESUMO A saúde mental no Sistema Único de Saúde vive uma disputa entre o cuidado centrado na doença e os determinantes socioambientais. O estudo do cofinanciamento estadual da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial no Rio de Janeiro (2019 a 2022) visou observar como elementos teórico-conceituais sobre saúde mental foram relevantes nas decisões de financiamento interfederativo nesse período. Realizou-se revisão de normativas federais e estaduais das Comissões Intergestores (Bipartite e Tripartite), notas técnicas e consultas ao Fala.BR. Os documentos demonstraram a ruptura interfederativa com relação ao cuidado da saúde mental de base territorial e comunitária. Nesse período, enquanto o Ministério da Saúde direcionava sua agenda para o cuidado ambulatorial e especializado, o Rio de Janeiro ampliou o recurso financeiro estadual à saúde mental em R$ 175 milhões para fortalecer Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos habilitados ou elegíveis para habilitação. A desinstitucionalização de sobreviventes dos manicômios e a expansão da rede de cuidados de atenção às situações de crise são resultados encontrados. A conclusão do estudo sugere a construção de metodologia de monitoramento interfederativo do financiamento da saúde mental pública para que a entrega do cuidado esteja cada vez mais próxima das necessidades dos munícipes e das vulnerabilidades territoriais.

ABSTRACT Mental health in the Unified Health System has experienced a dispute between disease-centered care and socio-environmental determinants. The study of state co-financing of the Psychosocial Care Network in Rio de Janeiro (2019 to 2022) aimed to explain how theoretical-conceptual elements about mental health were relevant in interfederative financing decisions in this period. A review of federal and state regulations of the Intermanagement Committees (Bipartite and Tripartite), technical notes and Fala.BR site was carried out. The documents demonstrated the interfederative rupture in relation to territorial and community-based mental health care. During this period, while the Ministry of Health directed its agenda towards outpatient and specialized care, Rio de Janeiro increased the state’s financial resource for mental health by R$ 175 million to strengthen Psychosocial Care Centers and Therapeutic Residential Services qualified or eligible for qualification. The deinstitutionalization of asylum survivors and the expansion of the care network for crisis situations are results found in Rio de Janeiro. The conclusion of the study suggests the construction of an interfederative monitoring methodology for public mental health financing so that the delivery of care is increasingly closer to the needs of citizens and territorial vulnerabilities. diseasecentered disease centered socioenvironmental socio environmental determinants cofinancing co 2019 (201 2022 theoreticalconceptual theoretical conceptual period Bipartite Tripartite, Tripartite , Tripartite) FalaBR Fala BR out communitybased community based states s R 17 qualification vulnerabilities 201 (20 202 1 20 (2 2 (

RESUMO A saúde mental no Sistema Único de Saúde vive uma disputa entre o cuidado centrado na doença e os determinantes socioambientais. O estudo do cofinanciamento estadual da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial no Rio de Janeiro (2019 a 2022) visou observar como elementos teórico-conceituais sobre saúde mental foram relevantes nas decisões de financiamento interfederativo nesse período. Realizou-se revisão de normativas federais e estaduais das Comissões Intergestores (Bipartite e Tripartite), notas técnicas e consultas ao Fala.BR. Os documentos demonstraram a ruptura interfederativa com relação ao cuidado da saúde mental de base territorial e comunitária. Nesse período, enquanto o Ministério da Saúde direcionava sua agenda para o cuidado ambulatorial e especializado, o Rio de Janeiro ampliou o recurso financeiro estadual à saúde mental em R$ 175 milhões para fortalecer Centros de Atenção Psicossocial e Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos habilitados ou elegíveis para habilitação. A desinstitucionalização de sobreviventes dos manicômios e a expansão da rede de cuidados de atenção às situações de crise são resultados encontrados. A conclusão do estudo sugere a construção de metodologia de monitoramento interfederativo do financiamento da saúde mental pública para que a entrega do cuidado esteja cada vez mais próxima das necessidades dos munícipes e das vulnerabilidades territoriais. socioambientais 2019 (201 2022 teóricoconceituais teórico conceituais período Realizouse Realizou se Bipartite Tripartite, Tripartite , Tripartite) FalaBR Fala BR Fala.BR comunitária especializado R 17 habilitação encontrados territoriais 201 (20 202 1 20 (2 2 (

ABSTRACT Foundation: atherosclerosis is a disease of multifactorial origin that is aggravated as a result of an adverse environment and unhealthy lifestyles. Evidence confirms its onset from the earliest stages of life. Objective: to describe the presence of early atherosclerotic lesions in the aortas of deceased fetuses and neonates born to hypertensive mothers. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out that included fetuses older than 22 weeks and deceased neonates born to hypertensive mothers, who underwent autopsy in the pathological anatomy department of the Eusebio Hernández Pérez Gynecobstetric University Hospital, in the period between January 2021 and December 2022, with a total of 18. The following data were collected in the medical records: sex of the deceased, gestational age at the time of delivery, postpartum weight, maternal age, and history of arterial hypertension (chronic or gestational). The 18 aortas (thoracic and abdominal) of the selected deceased were analyzed. Results: of the total number of deceased studied, 70.6 % presented early atherosclerotic lesions, characterized by thickening of the intima as a cushion, presence of lymphocytes in the intima or in the arterial wall close to it and/or macrophages. In some cases, one of these histological variants was observed and in others a combination of two or three. Conclusions: early atherosclerotic lesions are present in the aortas of the majority of the fetuses and neonates studied, with a predominance in those with gestational hypertension.

RESUMEN Fundamento: la aterosclerosis es una enfermedad de origen multifactorial que se agrava a consecuencia de un medio ambiente adverso y de estilos de vida no saludables. Las evidencias confirman su inicio desde las etapas más tempranas de la vida. Objetivo: describir la presencia de lesiones ateroscleróticas tempranas en las aortas de fetos y neonatos fallecidos hijos de madres hipertensas. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal que incluyó a los fetos mayores de 22 semanas y neonatos fallecidos hijos de madres hipertensas, a quienes se les realizó autopsia en el departamento de anatomía patológica, del Hospital Universitario Ginecobstétrico Eusebio Hernández Pérez, en el período comprendido entre enero del 2021 hasta diciembre 2022, con un total de 18. Se recogieron los siguientes datos en las historias clínicas: sexo del fallecido, edad gestacional en el momento del parto, peso postparto, edad materna y antecedentes de hipertensión arterial (crónica o gestacional). Se analizaron las 18 aortas (torácicas y abdominales) de los fallecidos seleccionados. Resultados: del total de fallecidos estudiados el 70,6 % presentó lesiones ateroscleróticas tempranas, caracterizadas por engrosamiento de la íntima a modo de cojinete, presencia de linfocitos en la íntima o en la pared arterial cercana a ella y/o macrófagos. En algunos casos se observó una de estas variantes histológicas y en otros la combinación de dos o tres. Conclusiones: las lesiones ateroscleróticas tempranas están presentes en las aortas de la mayoría de los fetos y neonatos estudiados, con predominio en las que presentaban hipertensión gestacional.

Abstract This article explores the design and application of machine learning techniques to enhance traditional approaches for solving NP-hard optimization problems. Specifically, it focuses on the Last-Mile Routing Research Challenge (LMRRC), supported by Amazon and MIT, which sought innovative solutions for cargo routing optimization. While the challenge provided travel times and zone identifiers, the dependency on these factors raises concerns about the algorithms’ generalizability to different contexts and regions with standard delivery services registries. To address these concerns, this study proposes personalized cost matrices that incorporate both distance and time models, along with the relationships between delivery stops. Additionally, it presents an improved approach to sequencing stops by combining exact and approximate algorithms, utilizing a customized regression technique alongside fine-tuned metaheuristics and heuristics refinements. The resulting methodology achieves competitive scores on the LMRRC validation dataset, which comprises routes from the USA. By carefully delineating route characteristics, the study enables the selection of specific technique combinations for each route, considering its geometrical and geographical attributes. Furthermore, the proposed methodologies are successfully applied to real-case scenarios of last-mile deliveries in Montevideo (Uruguay), demonstrating similar average scores and accuracy on new testing routes. This research contributes to the advancement of last-mile delivery optimization by leveraging personalized cost matrices and algorithmic refinements. The findings highlight the potential for improving existing approaches and their adaptability to diverse geographic contexts, paving the way for more efficient and effective delivery services in the future.

Resumen Este artículo explora el diseño y aplicación de técnicas de aprendizaje automático para mejorar los enfoques tradicionales y así resolver problemas de optimización NP-hard. En particular, se enfoca en el Last-Mile Routing Research Challenge (LMRRC), apoyado por Amazon y MIT, que buscaba soluciones innovadoras para la optimización de rutas de carga. Si bien el desafío proporcionó tiempos de viaje e identificadores de zona, la dependencia de estos factores plantea preocupaciones sobre la generalización de los algoritmos a diferentes contextos y regiones con registros de servicios de entrega estándar. Para abordar estas interrogantes, este estudio propone matrices de costos personalizadas que incorporan modelos de distancia y tiempo, junto con las relaciones entre las paradas de entrega. Además, presenta enfoques mejorados para la secuenciación de paradas mediante la combinación de algoritmos exactos y aproximados, utilizando técnicas de regresión personalizada junto con metaheurísticas y refinamientos heurísticos ajustados. La metodología resultante logra puntajes competitivos en el conjunto de datos de validación LMRRC, que usa rutas de EE. UU. Al delinear cuidadosamente las características de la ruta, el estudio permite la selección de combinaciones de técnicas específicas para cada ruta, considerando sus atributos geométricos y geográficos. Además, las metodologías propuestas se aplican con éxito a escenarios de casos reales de entregas en Montevideo (Uruguay), demostrando puntajes promedio y precisión similares en nuevas rutas de prueba. Esta investigación contribuye al avance de la optimización de la entrega de última milla al aprovechar matrices de costos personalizadas y refinamientos algorítmicos. Los hallazgos resaltan el potencial para mejorar los enfoques existentes y su adaptabilidad a diversos contextos geográficos, allanando el camino para servicios de entrega más eficientes y efectivos en el futuro.