ABSTRACT The global COVID-19 pandemic caused significant economic and financial losses in the Ecuadorian banking sector. This study aims to determine the extent to which credit risk and liquidity affect the profitability of mutual savings banks in Ecuador between 2018 and 2021. To this end, the population consisted of the four existing mutual savings banks, and data from a panel of 192 observations were used, applying a PLS-SEM model to demonstrate the relationships. The results showed that credit risk has a negative impact on the liquidity and profitability of these financial institutions; in the case of liquidity, it was found that it does not affect profitability. Consequently, it is essential to control credit risk through delinquency indices, which makes it necessary to consider the structure of the loan portfolio.

RESUMEN La pandemia mundial producto del COVID-19 ocasionó importantes pérdidas económicas y financieras en el sector bancario ecuatoriano. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar en qué medida el riesgo crediticio y la liquidez afectan la rentabilidad de las mutualistas en Ecuador, entre el 2018 y 2021. Para tal efecto, la población estuvo constituida por las cuatro mutualistas existentes, con cuyos datos se trabajó con datos de panel de 192 observaciones, aplicando un modelo PLS-SEM para evidenciar las relaciones. De esta manera, los resultados mostraron que el riesgo crediticio incide negativamente sobre la liquidez y la rentabilidad de estas instituciones financieras; en el caso de la liquidez, se ha podido percibir que esta no afecta a la rentabilidad. En consecuencia, es sumamente importante controlar el riesgo crediticio, a través de los índices de morosidad, por lo que es necesario considerar la estructura de cartera.

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo es exhibir la tendencia en la utilización de mujeres en la comisión de delitos económicos, con particular referencia al delito de evasión fiscal en la República Argentina. Para ello, metodológicamente, se recurre a la doctrina que ha analizado el problema, que aún es escasa, y principalmente a la jurisprudencia reciente de los Tribunales de dicho país. En los últimos años, los tribunales especializados en materia tributaria, penal tributaria y contenciosa tributaria destacan uno de los patrones socioculturales más perniciosos que existe, el uso de mujeres para delictivos en sentencias que se proponen ver los hechos con perspectiva de género. En general, estas maniobras se cometen con mujeres vulnerables y de bajos recursos, aunque también se advierte en mujeres sin esa condición, familiares -madres, esposas e hijas- de los autores materiales de los diferentes delitos. A modo de conclusión, en el trabajo se destaca que el fenómeno conocido como feminización de la pobreza lleva a mujeres a ser parte de maniobras delictivas que otros cometen en las que son utilizadas como accionistas o como presidentas de empresas creadas al único efecto de delinquir.

Resumo O objetivo do trabalho é exibir a tendência de utilização de mulheres na comissão de delitos econômicos, com referência particular ao delito de evasão fiscal na República Argentina. Para isso, metodologicamente, recorre-se à doutrina que analisou o problema, que ainda é escassa, e principalmente à jurisprudência recente dos Tribunais de dicho país. Com efeito, nos últimos anos os tribunais especializados em matéria tributária, tanto tributários penais como tributários de conteúdo, em sentenças que se propuseram uma visão dos hechos com perspectiva de gênero se destacam especialmente um dos patronos socioculturais mais perniciosos que existem que são o uso de mulheres com multas delitivas. Geralmente, se ele for levado a cabo com mulheres vulneráveis e de baixos recursos, mas também se aconselhará a mulheres sem suas condições, em geral familiares - mães, esposas e hijas - dos verdadeiros autores materiais dos diferentes delitos. Para concluir, no trabalho se destaca que o fenômeno conhecido como feminização da pobreza leva as mulheres a ser parte de maniobras delictivas que outras ocorrem nas que são utilizadas como acionistas ou como presidentes de empresas criadas como único efeito de delinquência.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to show the trend in the use of women in the commission of economic crimes, with particular reference to tax evasion in Argentina. To this end, methodologically, we resort to the doctrine that has analysed the problem, which is still scarce, and mainly to the recent jurisprudence of the Courts of that country. In fact, in recent years, the courts specialized in tax matters, both tax criminal and tax litigation, in judgments that have proposed a vision of the facts with a gender perspective, especially highlight one of the most pernicious socio-cultural patterns that exists, which is the use of women for criminal purposes. Generally, it is carried out with vulnerable and low-income women, although it is also observed in women without this condition, generally relatives - mothers, wives and daughters - of the real perpetrators of the different crimes.By way of conclusion, the paper highlights that the phenomenon known as the feminization of poverty leads women to be part of criminal maneuvers that other actors commit in which they are used as shareholders or as presidents of companies created for the sole purpose of committing crimes typical of economic crime.

Abstract This article reflects on how violence and public insecurity experienced by young people in the state of Colima -particularly the municipalities of Colima-Villa de Álvarez- influence their attitude, information, and image of these criminal acts. This approach considers the theory of representations and vulnerabilities (social, educational, institutional, and psychosocial). The findings come from surveys and interviews with young people studying at the University of Colima. The representation that each young person has of insecurity will depend on the type of vulnerability they experience: absence or lack of information, their (in)capacities to face risk situations and the state’s strategies to provide protection. According to the study, young people in this locality resort to psycho-social capacities such as alertness, isolation, caution, and a sense of loss of freedom. The authors suggest that going unnoticed by delinquency would be a mechanism for their survival.

Resumen Este artículo reflexiona sobre cómo la violencia e inseguridad ciudadana que atraviesan los jóvenes en el estado de Colima, en especial, los municipios de Colima-Villa de Álvarez, influyen en la actitud, información e imagen que tienen de estos actos delictivos. Este abordaje considera la teoría de las representaciones y las vulnerabilidades (social, educativa, institucional y psicosocial). Los hallazgos provienen de encuestas y entrevistas dirigidas a jóvenes que estudian en la Universidad de Colima. La representación que cada joven tiene de la inseguridad va a depender del tipo de vulnerabilidad que atraviesa: ausencia o no de información, de sus (in)capacidades para enfrentar situaciones de riesgo y de las estrategias de Estado para brindar protección. Según el estudio, la juventud de esta localidad recurre a capacidades psicosociales como la alerta, el aislamiento, la cautela, la sensación de pérdida de libertad. Los autores sugieren que pasar desapercibidos para la delincuencia sería un mecanismo hacia su sobrevivencia.

Abstract This paper demonstrates, using a panel data model, that mainly firm-specific (microeconomic) versus macroeconomic variables affect the long-run profitability of a group of banks in Mexico in the pre- and COVID-19 periods. Interbank deposit, deposit rate, bank size, size of non-performing loan portfolio, delinquency, operating expenses, traditional deposit, salary, unemployment, and interest rate have statistical influence on bank profitability, but this relationship changes in the COVID-19 period. These results can be useful in the decisions of the different areas of banks, as well as for the design of public policies aimed at maintaining the stability of the banking system.

Resumen Este artículo demuestra, mediante un modelo para datos organizados en panel, que principalmente las variables específicas de empresa (microeconómicas) versus las macroeconómicas afectan la rentabilidad en el largo plazo de un grupo de bancos en México, en el periodo previo y en el de COVID-19. La captación interbancaria, la tasa pasiva, el tamaño del banco, el tamaño de la cartera vencida, la morosidad, los gastos de operación, la captación tradicional, el salario, el desempleo y la tasa de interés tienen influencia estadística en la rentabilidad de los bancos, pero esta relación cambia en el periodo de COVID-19. Estos resultados pueden ser útiles en las decisiones de las distintas áreas de los bancos, así como para el diseño de políticas públicas encaminadas a mantener la estabilidad del sistema bancario.

Abstract: The notion of social capital has been widely used in the social sciences for at least the last four decades. In this article I bring this notion from the more empirical approaches that have been developed recently. In particular, I recover the contextual approach to social capital (Baycan & Öner, 2022) to explore the variable effects this form of capital has in the framework of discussions about crime, punishment, and reentry trajectories. In that sense, the intention is to overcome perspectives that are exhausted in its positive features, to develop instead an attentive look at its multiple sources -through strong or weak ties- and its equally negative effects.

Resumen: Desde hace al menos cuatro décadas, la noción de capital social ha sido muy socorrida en las ciencias sociales. Aquí atiendo a dicho concepto desde las aproximaciones más empíricas que se han desarrollado recientemente. En particular, recupero el enfoque contextual del capital social de Baycan y Öner (2022) para explorar sus efectos variables en el marco de las discusiones sobre el delito, el castigo y las trayectorias posteriores al encierro penitenciario. En ese sentido, la intención es superar las perspectivas que se agotan en sus rasgos positivos, para desarrollar una mirada atenta a sus múltiples fuentes -mediante vínculos fuertes o débiles- y a sus efectos igualmente negativos.

Abstract: International regulations on juvenile justice systems establish the application of non-judicial forms of justice and as a goal the family and social reintegration of adolescents. Considering the relationship between delinquency and drug use, the Attorney General of the State of Mexico implemented, as part of the application of alternative solutions, the program “«Mexiquense» ¡date un chance!”, which consists of including adolescents in a series of activities aimed at acquiring and strengthening their social skill, cognitive self-change and problem solving, which are carried out in a Centro de Integracion Juvenil, A. C.

Resumen: La normativa internacional en materia de sistemas de justicia juvenil establece la aplicación de formas no judiciales de justicia, y como finalidad, la reintegración familiar y social de las personas adolescentes; éstos forman parte del sistema de justicia penal para adolescentes mexicano. Considerando la relación entre delincuencia y consumo de drogas, la Fiscalía General de Justicia del Estado de México implementó como parte de la aplicación de soluciones alternas, el programa “«Mexiquense» ¡date un chance!”, que consiste en incluir a la persona adolescente en una serie de actividades encaminadas a adquirir y fortalecer sus habilidades sociales, autocambio-cognitivo y solución de problemas, las cuales se llevan en un Centro de Integración Juvenil, A. C.

Resumen El sistema financiero juega un rol importante dentro de la economía al ofertar productos de ahorro y crédito. Las restricciones aplicadas a raíz del COVID-19, afectó el normal desarrollo de las actividades en todos los sectores de la economía nacional y el Sistema Financiero Popular y Solidario (SFPS) no fue la excepción, es por ello que el propósito del presente estudio fue analizar el comportamiento de la cartera de crédito del SFPS en Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito (COAC) segmento 1 de la provincia de Manabí durante el periodo 2019-2021. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y de campo con enfoque cualitativo, lo que permitió describir las principales afectaciones que tuvieron estas COAC'S en los indicadores de la cartera, evidenciando la desaceleración en el crecimiento de la misma y disminución del índice de morosidad en el periodo de inicio de la pandemia que fue en el 2020. Se evidenció el rol importante de los organismos reguladores del SFPS en la emisión de normativas para este sector, quienes deben mantener constante capacitación y actualización en lo concerniente a la aplicación de metodologías y normativas que contribuyan a la sostenibilidad y mejora SFPS.

Abstract The financial system plays an important role within the economy by offering savings and credit products. The restrictions applied as a result of COVID-19 affected the normal development of activities in all sectors of the national economy and the Popular and Solidarity Financial System (SFPS) was no exception, which is why the purpose of this study was analyze the behavior of the SFPS credit portfolio in Savings and Credit Cooperatives (COAC) segment 1 of the province of Manabí during the period 2019-2021. A descriptive and field investigation was carried out with a qualitative approach, which made it possible to describe the main effects that these COAC'S had on the portfolio indicators, evidencing the slowdown in its growth and a decrease in the delinquency rate in the initial period. of the pandemic that occurred in 2020. The study demonstrated the important role of the SFPS regulatory bodies in issuing regulations for this sector, who must maintain constant training and updating regarding the application of methodologies and regulations that contribute to the sustainability and improvement of SFPS.

the objective of this study is to present a literature review on the National Curricular Matrix established in 2003 by the Ministry of Justice and the guidelines for the training of civil police officers who provide care to juvenile offenders in police units. Based on a bibliographical and documentary research, an analysis of civil police training in the context of assisting juvenile offenders is presented, addressing the implications of inadequate action, the biopsychosocial specificities of adolescents and the difficulties that exist in the lives of these young people. In addition, strategies and guidelines are discussed to improve police training, in order to ensure that intervention with juvenile offenders is based on justice, equity and respect for human dignity. The research concludes that adequate police training contributes to a more humane and efficient socio-educational system, from the first service.

el objetivo de este estudio es presentar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la Matriz Curricular Nacional establecida en 2003 por el Ministerio de Justicia y los lineamientos para la formación de policías civiles que brindan atención a adolescentes infractores en unidades policiales. A partir de investigaciones bibliográficas y documentales, se presenta un análisis de la formación de policías civiles en el contexto de la asistencia a adolescentes infractores, abordando las implicaciones de una actuación inadecuada, las especificidades biopsicosociales de los adolescentes y las dificultades existentes en la vida de estos jóvenes. Además, se discuten estrategias y lineamientos para mejorar la capacitación policial, para asegurar que la intervención con adolescentes infractores se base en la justicia, la equidad y el respeto a la dignidad humana. La investigación concluye que una adecuada formación policial contribuye a un sistema socioeducativo más humano y eficiente, desde el primer servicio.

o objetivo desse estudo é apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre a Matriz Curricular Nacional instituída em 2003 pelo Ministério da Justiça e as diretrizes para a formação do policial civil que presta atendimento aos adolescentes infratores em unidades policiais. A partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, apresenta-se uma análise da formação do policial civil no contexto do atendimento ao adolescente infrator, abordando as implicações de uma atuação inadequada, as especificidades biopsicossociais dos adolescentes e as dificuldades existentes na vida desses jovens. Além disso, são discutidas estratégias e diretrizes para aprimorar a formação policial, de modo a garantir que a intervenção junto aos adolescentes infratores seja pautada na justiça, na equidade e no respeito à dignidade humana. A pesquisa conclui que a adequada formação do policial contribui para um sistema socioeducativo mais humano e eficiente, desde o primeiro atendimento.

RESUMEN El marco normativo internacional sobre el derecho de la educación del adolescente privado de la libertad establece garantías para su cumplimiento. El artículo analiza las principales tendencias investigativas en relación con los procesos pedagógicos y legislativos en educación, referidos a los sistemas penales juveniles en países de América Latina, España y Estados Unidos. Se examinan textos producidos entre 2018 y 2022, 50 artículos resultados de investigaciones y presentes en las bases de datos Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ebsco y ProQuest. Esas investigaciones se enfocan en conceptos jurídicos y educativos enmarcados en cuestionamientos sobre el lenguaje y mediante categorías totalizantes y discriminatorias. Las investigaciones abogan por desarrollar líneas de acción enfocadas en el proceso restaurativo, por lo tanto, a pesar del gran avance en la defensa de los derechos humanos dentro de las unidades de atención socioeducativa para adolescentes judicializados, aún se presentan prácticas de violencia. Por lo tanto, se considera oportuno realizar intervenciones no solo con los jóvenes, sino con los demás implicados: sociedad, Estado, familia y otros, en aras de orientar las prácticas y el trabajo educativo.

ABSTRACT The international regulatory framework on the right to education of adolescents deprived of freedom establishes guarantees for its compliance. This paper aims to analyze the main research trends in relation to pedagogical and legislative processes in education, referred to juvenile penal systems in Latin American countries, Spain, and the United States. To that end, Texts produced between 2018 and 2022 were examined. 50 articles attestable in the Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ebsco, and ProQuest databases were also explored. These sources focus on legal and educational concepts framed within reconsiderations about language, and through totalizing and discriminatory categories. The sources advocate developing lines of action focused on the restorative process. Despite the great progress in the defense of human rights within the socio-educational care units for judicialized adolescents, violent practices are still perceivable. In consequence, interventions not only with youngsters but with the others involved are to be carried out, namely: society, State, family, and others, in order to guide educational practices and work.

Objectives: Religiosity and spirituality (R/S) have been negatively associated with several mental health problems, including delinquency. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between R/S and interpersonal violence using a systematic review. Methods: We conducted a descriptive systematic review followed by meta-analyses using seven different databases. We included observational studies that assessed the relationship between R/S and different types of interpersonal violence (physical and sexual aggression and domestic violence). Results: A total of 16,599 articles were screened in the databases and, after applying the eligibility criteria, 67 were included in the systematic review and 43 were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that higher levels of R/S were significantly associated with decreased physical and sexual aggression, but not domestic violence. All selected studies evidenced sufficient methodological quality, with 26.8% being cohort studies. In the subanalyses, the role of R/S was more prevalent among adolescents. Conclusion: There is an inverse relationship between R/S and physical and sexual aggression, suggesting a protective role. However, these results were not observed for domestic violence. Healthcare professionals and managers should be aware of their patients’ beliefs when investigating interpersonal violence to create tailored interventions for reducing violent behavior. Objectives RS R S (R/S problems delinquency Methods metaanalyses meta analyses . violence) Results 16599 16 599 16,59 criteria 6 4 metaanalysis. metaanalysis analysis. analysis meta-analysis quality 268 26 8 26.8 subanalyses adolescents Conclusion However patients behavior 1659 1 59 16,5 2 26. 165 5 16,

Abstract This work uses the decision table technique with input variables Delinquency, ROE, Altman's Z2, and the degree of relationship Delinquency-Z2 and ROE-Z2 to measure the efficiency of the financial performance of the Municipal Savings and Credit Banks (CMAC). ) in a sample of six entities with assets greater than S/2 billion (2 billion Soles). Empirical findings show that CMAC Huancayo, Arequipa, Cusco and Piura manage to stand out in their financial performance in 2015-2021, while CMAC Trujillo manages to exceed 50% efficiency, but CMAC Sullana is alarmingly inefficient. The proposed model provides a comprehensive and pragmatic approach to measure the efficiency of the financial performance of these microfinance institutions, which has been a limitation overcome by this research. Among the conclusions, it is highlighted that it is important to know the level of efficiency of the financial performance of the CMACs to identify those with the best practices in a highly competitive environment.

Resumen Este trabajo utiliza la técnica de tabla de decisiones con variables de entrada Morosidad, ROE, Z2 de Altman, y el grado de relación Morosidad-Z2 y ROE-Z2 para medir la eficiencia del desempeño financiero de las Cajas Municipales de Ahorro y Crédito (CMAC) en una muestra de seis entidades con activos superiores a S/2 billones (2 billones de Soles). Los hallazgos empíricos muestran que CMAC Huancayo, Arequipa, Cusco y Piura logran destacar en su desempeño financiero en 2015-2021, mientras que CMAC Trujillo logra superar el 50% de eficiencia, pero CMAC Sullana es alarmantemente ineficiente. El modelo propuesto proporciona un enfoque integral y pragmático para medir la eficiencia del desempeño financiero de estas microfinancieras, lo cual ha sido una limitante superada por la presente investigación. Entre las conclusiones se destaca que es importante conocer el nivel de eficiencia del desempeño financiero de las CMAC para identificar aquellas con las mejores prácticas en un entorno altamente competitivo.

The international regulatory framework on the right to education of adolescents deprived of freedom establishes guarantees for its compliance. This paper aims to analyze the main research trends in relation to pedagogical and legislative processes in education, referred to juvenile penal systems in Latin American countries, Spain, and the United States. To that end, Texts produced between 2018 and 2022 were examined. 50 articles attestable in the Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ebsco, and ProQuest databases were also explored. These sources focus on legal and educational concepts framed within reconsiderations about language, and through totalizing and discriminatory categories. The sources advocate developing lines of action focused on the restorative process. Despite the great progress in the defense of human rights within the socio-educational care units for judicialized adolescents, violent practices are still perceivable. In consequence, interventions not only with youngsters but with the others involved are to be carried out, namely: society, State, family, and others, in order to guide educational practices and work.

El marco normativo internacional sobre el derecho de la educación del adolescente privado de la libertad establece garantías para su cumplimiento. El artículo analiza las principales tendencias investigativas en relación con los procesos pedagógicos y legislativos en educación, referidos a los sistemas penales juveniles en países de América Latina, España y Estados Unidos. Se examinan textos producidos entre 2018 y 2022, 50 artículos resultados de investigaciones y presentes en las bases de datos Scopus, ScienceDirect, Ebsco y ProQuest. Esas investigaciones se enfocan en conceptos jurídicos y educativos enmarcados en cuestionamientos sobre el lenguaje y mediante categorías totalizantes y discriminatorias. Las investigaciones abogan por desarrollar líneas de acción enfocadas en el proceso restaurativo, por lo tanto, a pesar del gran avance en la defensa de los derechos humanos dentro de las unidades de atención socioeducativa para adolescentes judicializados, aún e presentan prácticas de violencia. Por lo tanto, se considera oportuno realizar intervenciones no solo con los jóvenes, sino con los demás implicados: sociedad, Estado, familia y otros, en aras de orientar las prácticas y el trabajo educativo.

Abstract This article, segment of the author's doctoral work, presents an integrative literature review in the different areas of knowledge that address the issue of adolescence and infractions. It follows the systematic method and narrative format, taking science as a social practice and raising qualitative aspects of the literature produced between 2011 and 2020, focusing on the current state of knowledge and the way scientific knowledge in this field has been produced. The results show important insights into this issue, however, in general, the panorama reveals fragmented knowledge, with disciplinary scientific discourses and little dialogue. The ways of considering adolescents in research tend to be based on silencing practices, prioritizing know-can-do-say from adults, “experts” and institutions. The importance of critical, decolonial, complex and transdisciplinary thinking is highlighted as guiding a science capable of integrating different knowledge, breaking with stagnant logics of separation, opposition, reduction, hierarchization and silencing. article authors author s work infractions format 201 2020 however general dialogue practices knowcandosay know can do say adults experts “experts institutions critical decolonial separation opposition reduction 20 202 2

Resumo Este artigo, segmento do trabalho de doutorado do autor, apresenta uma revisão integrativa de literatura nas diversas áreas de conhecimento que abordam a temática adolescência e ato infracional. Segue o método sistemático e o formato narrativo, tomando a ciência como prática social e levantando aspectos qualitativos da literatura produzida entre 2011 e 2020, com enfoque no estado atual do conhecimento e no modo como se tem produzido os saberes científicos nesse campo. Os resultados apresentam recortes importantes acerca da problemática, porém, de modo geral, o panorama revela saberes fragmentados, com discursos disciplinares e pouco dialogados. Os modos de considerar o adolescente nas pesquisas tendem a se dar com práticas de silenciamento, priorizando o saber-fazer-poder-dizer de adultos, “especialistas” e instituições. Ressalta-se a importância do pensamento crítico, decolonial, complexo e transdisciplinar como orientadores de uma ciência capaz de integrar diferentes saberes, rompendo com lógicas estanques de separação, oposição, redução, hierarquização e silenciamento. artigo autor infracional narrativo 201 2020 campo problemática porém geral fragmentados dialogados silenciamento saberfazerpoderdizer saber fazer poder dizer adultos especialistas “especialistas instituições Ressaltase Ressalta crítico decolonial separação oposição redução 20 202 2

Resumo Este artigo, segmento do trabalho de doutorado do autor, apresenta uma revisão integrativa de literatura nas diversas áreas de conhecimento que abordam a temática adolescência e ato infracional. Segue o método sistemático e o formato narrativo, tomando a ciência como prática social e levantando aspectos qualitativos da literatura produzida entre 2011 e 2020, com enfoque no estado atual do conhecimento e no modo como se tem produzido os saberes científicos nesse campo. Os resultados apresentam recortes importantes acerca da problemática, porém, de modo geral, o panorama revela saberes fragmentados, com discursos disciplinares e pouco dialogados. Os modos de considerar o adolescente nas pesquisas tendem a se dar com práticas de silenciamento, priorizando o saber-fazer-poder-dizer de adultos, “especialistas” e instituições. Ressalta-se a importância do pensamento crítico, decolonial, complexo e transdisciplinar como orientadores de uma ciência capaz de integrar diferentes saberes, rompendo com lógicas estanques de separação, oposição, redução, hierarquização e silenciamento.

Abstract This article, segment of the author's doctoral work, presents an integrative literature review in the different areas of knowledge that address the issue of adolescence and infractions. It follows the systematic method and narrative format, taking science as a social practice and raising qualitative aspects of the literature produced between 2011 and 2020, focusing on the current state of knowledge and the way scientific knowledge in this field has been produced. The results show important insights into this issue, however, in general, the panorama reveals fragmented knowledge, with disciplinary scientific discourses and little dialogue. The ways of considering adolescents in research tend to be based on silencing practices, prioritizing know-can-do-say from adults, “experts” and institutions. The importance of critical, decolonial, complex and transdisciplinary thinking is highlighted as guiding a science capable of integrating different knowledge, breaking with stagnant logics of separation, opposition, reduction, hierarchization and silencing.

In South Africa, there appears to be a paradigm shift where the majority of the country's children are taken care of by their grandparents. This article explores the states of reciprocity existing in grandparent-grandchildren care in Mdlankomo location, Libode of the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The study utilised a qualitative approach to explore the perceptions of grandparents on reciprocity between them and their grandchildren. Nine grandparents were interviewed. The findings revealed that grandparents manifested love for their grandchildren, who also reciprocated the gesture; delinquent behaviours of grandchildren exasperated their grandparents; the conflict between grandparents and grandchildren ensued when children suspected the abuse of their children's welfare grant by their grandparents. The researchers urge the Department of Social Development and NGOs working in the children's domain to strengthen the programmes for the well-being of older persons and children.