ABSTRACT The objective of this work is to analyze the treatment and correct accounting record of deferred assets and liabilities also known as temporary differences. Since 2010, Ecuador adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards, causing a change in the accounting paradigm and the criteria for recognition, measurement and reporting of the financial statements, since before their adoption in the country they were not recognized and neither recorded, causing distortion in the presentation of the financial statements. With the application of International Accounting Standard 12, it is sought first to report to investors reasonable information and on this basis calculate taxes and taxes that are administered by the superintendence of companies and the internal revenue service for tax collection purposes. The method used is the case study and two examples are presented for the registration of deferred tax assets and liabilities, the results in the application of this standard is the presentation of reliable, comparable and transparent financial statements that do not generate future conflicts in more payments of taxes. The correct management of deferred assets and liabilities allows to report reasonable balances in the accounts of the financial statements.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la pesquisa es analizar el tratamiento y registro contable correcto de activos y pasivos diferidos también conocidas como diferencias temporarias. A partir del año 2010 el Ecuador adoptó las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera, originando un cambio en el paradigma contable y los criterios de reconocimiento, medición y reporte de los estados financieros, pues antes de su adopción en el país no se reconocían y tampoco se registraban, ocasionando distorsión en la presentación de los estados financieros. Con la aplicación de la Norma Internacional Contabilidad 12, se busca primero reportar a los inversionistas información razonable y sobre esta base calcular tributos e impuestos que son administrados por la superintendencia de compañías y el servicio de rentas internas con fines de recaudación fiscal. El método utilizado es el estudio caso y se plantean dos ejemplos para el registro de activos y pasivos por impuestos diferidos, los resultados en la aplicación de esta norma es la presentación de estados financieros fiable, comparable y transparente que no genere conflictos futuros en más pagos de impuestos. La correcta gestión de activos y pasivos diferidos permite reportar saldos razonables en las cuentas de los estados financieros.

The section 29 of the IFRS for SMEs is one of the most controversial rules in the world. This discord is due to the accounting model of Income Tax to be applied in small and medium-sized companies. These standards require the recognition of Deferred Tax under the balance sheet approach for the recording of Income Tax. The problem generated is the cost benefit of applying this methodology in SMEs, since the benefit of its application would not exceed the associated costs of its registration. The objective of this research is to analyze from the quantitative point of view, whether from the accounting point of view the evolution of both fiscal assets and tax liabilities has changed, as a consequence of the entry into force of section 29 Income Taxes. After applying the appropriate statistics, the results show that there has not been a significant change in the evolution of fiscal assets and liabilities; what gives us to understand, that in a first approximation, the recognition of the deferred tax under the balance approach is not useful for the decision making of the users.

La sección 29 de las NIIF para las PYMES, es una de las normas de mayor controversia a nivel mundial. Esa discordia se da por el modelo de contabilización del Impuesto a las Ganancias a aplicar en las empresas de pequeña y mediana dimensión. Estas normas requieren el reconocimiento del Impuesto Diferido bajo el enfoque del balance para su registro. La problemática generada es por el costo beneficio de aplicar dicha metodología en las PYMES, puesto que el beneficio de su aplicación no superaría los costos asociados de su registro. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar desde el punto de vista cuantitativo, si bajo la óptica contable se ha modificado la evolución tanto de los activos fiscales como de los pasivos fiscales, como consecuencia de la entrada en vigor de la sección 29 Impuesto a las Ganancias. Luego de aplicar los estadísticos adecuados, los resultados demuestran que no ha habido un cambio significativo en la evolución de activos y pasivos fiscales; lo que nos da a entender que, en una primera aproximación, el reconocimiento del impuesto diferido bajo el enfoque del balance no es útil para la toma de decisiones de los usuarios.

Resumen Se presenta información sobre: Principales ajustes por adopción de NIIF Completas en el Sector Industrial y Comercial. Políticas contables de mayor aplicación. Los resultados de este trabajo mejorarán el conocimiento de los procesos de implementación de Normativa Internacional de Información Financiera en nuestro medio; sirviendo como una guía de consulta para nuevas investigaciones contables, además se busca establecer una línea base que posibilitará la ejecución de estudios relacionados con el análisis de los impactos tributarios, contables y financieros por adopción de NIIF. En el análisis se empleó información financiera de 37 empresas industriales y 34 empresas comerciales que han presentado sus Estados Financieros bajo NIIF Completas desde el 2008 al 2015; conforme base de datos pública de la Superintendencia de Compañías, encontrándose ajustes relevantes en Terrenos, Edificios, Depreciación Acumulada de Propiedad, Planta y Equipo, Maquinaria, Activos y Pasivos por impuesto diferidos, Instalaciones y Jubilación Patronal.

Abstract: Information is presented about: Main adjustments for adoption of Complete IFRS in the Industrial and Commercial Sector. Accounting policies of greater application. The results of this work will improve the knowledge of the implementation processes of International Financial Information Regulations in our environment; serving as a reference guide for new accounting research, it also seeks to establish a baseline that will enable the execution of studies related to the analysis of tax, accounting and financial impacts by adoption of IFRS. The analysis used financial information from 37 industrial companies and 34 commercial companies that have submitted their Financial Statements under Full IFRS from 2008 to 2015; according to the public database of the Superintendence of Companies, finding relevant adjustments in Land, Buildings, Accumulated Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment, Machinery, Assets and Liabilities for Deferred Taxes, Facilities and Employer Retirement

Este trabalho buscou evidências sobre o papel de ativos e passivos de tributos diferidos como instrumento de atingimento e arbitragem dos níveis de capital regulatório por instituições financeiras brasileiras no período de 2004 a 2009. Foram desenvolvidas duas hipóteses: a) os gestores das instituições financeiras brasileiras utilizam tributos diferidos para satisfazer os limites necessários de capital regulatório e b) os gestores das instituições financeiras brasileiras utilizam tributos diferidos de maneira discricionária como instrumento de arbitragem de capital regulatório. Para tanto, este estudo obtêm evidências analisando informações contábeis anuais das instituições financeiras brasileiras. As hipóteses são testadas utilizando as técnicas de análise de dados de regressão linear múltipla e regressão com dados em painel. Como resultado, o estudo mostrou que as instituições financeiras brasileiras utilizaram tributo diferido para apoiar ou atingir os níveis de capital mínimo exigido pelo Acordo de Basileia, mas obteve-se também evidência de que o volume de capital regulatório influencia diretamente o volume de tributos diferidos, contrariando a literatura internacional, que sugere discricionariedade no uso dos tributos diferidos como forma de arbitragem do capital regulatório.

This study sought to provide evidence on the role of deferred tax assets and liabilities as an instrument for the attainment and arbitrage of regulatory capital levels by Brazilian financial institutions in the period from 2004 to 2009. Two hypotheses were developed. The managers of Brazilian financial institutions employ deferred taxes to a) comply with required regulatory capital limits and b) do so in a discretionary manner as a method for regulatory capital arbitrage. The present study collected evidence through the analysis of annual accounting information from Brazilian financial institutions. The hypotheses were tested using multiple linear regression and panel data regression data analysis techniques. The results show that Brazilian financial institutions have used deferred taxes to support or attain the minimum capital levels required by the Basel Accord; however, evidence that the volume of regulatory capital directly influences the volume of deferred taxes was also found, contradicting the international literature, which indicates discretion in the use of deferred taxes as a form of regulatory capital arbitrage.