Abstract Monkey mortality in Costa Rica is due, in most cases, to anthropogenic factors, such as deforestation, forest fragmentation, lack of tree connectivity, and tourism development in most coastal areas. The latter factor has caused the death of at least 450 monkeys per year due to electrocution, as a result of the increase in electrical wiring that has arisen in the different regions with urban development. Faced with this threat, proposals have been developed to avoid the danger, such as the construction of appropriate passage infrastructure for monkeys, the placement of insulated wiring, and the protection of electrical transformers. Using the morphometric measurements of the four species of monkeys native to Costa Rica (Alouatta palliata, Ateles geoffroyi, Saimiri oerstedii, and Cebus imitator), a model of safe and functional aerial passages or bridges for them was designed, the foundations of which are discussed in this article.

Resumen La mortalidad de los monos en Costa Rica se debe, en la mayoría de los casos, a factores antropogénicos, como la deforestación, la fragmentación de los bosques, la falta de conectividad arbórea y el desarrollo turístico en la mayoría de las zonas costeras. Este último factor ha provocado la muerte de al menos 450 monos por año debido a la electrocución, a raíz del aumento del cableado eléctrico que ha surgido en las diferentes regiones con desarrollo urbanístico. Ante esta amenaza se han elaborado propuestas para evitar el peligro, como la construcción de infraestructura de paso apropiada para los monos, la colocación de cableado aislado y la protección de los transformadores eléctricos. Utilizando las medidas morfométricas de las cuatro especies de monos nativas de Costa Rica (Alouatta palliata, Ateles geoffroyi, Saimiri oerstedii y Cebus imitator), se diseñó un modelo de pasos aéreos o puentes seguros y funcionales para ellos, cuyos fundamentos se discuten en el presente artículo.

Considering the cytotoxic properties of Schiff base ligands, we re-synthesized a gold(III) complex with a tetradentate Schiff base ligand and investigated its cytotoxic effects using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method and sulforhodamine B staining method. The results showed that the gold(III) Schiff base complex can inhibit the growth of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cancer cell lines. However, unlike cisplatin, it does not induce cell death in NIH 3T3 normal cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results revealed that the gold(III) Schiff base complex increased the Bak1/Bclx ratio in CHO cell line by 3.53-fold compared to the control, while cisplatin increased the anti-apoptotic Bclx gene by 31.8 times and the treatment resistance AKT1 gene by 430.8 times the control. However, cisplatin only activated the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis through the caspase-3 gene. The expression levels of TLR6 and TNF-α genes in normal cells showed that both the gold(III) Schiff base complex and cisplatin did not cause inflammation in NIH 3T3 cell lines. All the results indicate that the new complex could be a promising candidate to replace cisplatin. It has been shown that it induces apoptosis and prevents the development of resistance in cancer cells. Additionally, it does not cause inflammation in normal cells. ligands resynthesized re synthesized goldIII gold III gold(III 34,5dimethylthiazol2yl2,5diphenyltetrazolium 345dimethylthiazol2yl25diphenyltetrazolium dimethylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium 3 4,5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium 4 5 bromide (CHO lines However T 3T Realtime Real time PCR (PCR Bak1Bclx BakBclx Bak1 Bak 3.53fold 353fold fold 3.53 53 control antiapoptotic anti apoptotic 318 31 8 31. AKT 4308 430 430. caspase3 caspase caspase- TLR TNFα TNF α Additionally 34 5dimethylthiazol2yl2 5diphenyltetrazolium 45 4, 25 2, 53fold 353 3.5 43 dimethylthiazolyl 5dimethylthiazol2yl 35 3.

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the phases of a decannulation protocol and the results from its application in hospitalized children. Methods: This is a retrospective, observational study. Data were collected from medical records of decannulated patients followed up in a pediatric hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais between 2011 and 2021. Results: Among the children followed up in the service (n=526), 23% (n=120) were successfully decannulated. Children aged between 2 months and 16 years, with a mean age of 4 years, 69% of whom were male, were evaluated. About 75% of the patients have tracheostomy due to upper airway obstruction and 60% of these due to acquired subglottic stenosis. At the beginning of the decannulation protocol, 5.5% of the patients had moderate oropharyngeal dysphagia, while 80.4% had normal swallowing. Correction in the upper airway pre-decannulation was performed in 39.5% of the patients, dilation in 63.8%, and endoscopic correction was performed in 55.3%. After performing the decannulation, none of the patients had complications. Conclusions: The described decannulation protocol is safe, since no complications such as death and need for recannulation happened. Objective Methods retrospective Horizonte 201 2021 Results n=526, n526 n n=526 , 526 (n=526) 23 n=120 n120 120 (n=120 1 years 69 male evaluated 75 60 stenosis 55 5 5.5 dysphagia 804 80 80.4 swallowing predecannulation pre 395 39 39.5 638 63 8 63.8% 553 3 55.3% Conclusions safe happened 20 202 n52 n=52 52 (n=526 n=12 n12 12 (n=12 6 7 5. 80. 39. 63.8 55.3 n5 n=5 (n=52 n=1 n1 (n=1 63. 55. n= (n=5 (n= (n

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as etapas de um protocolo de decanulação e os resultados da aplicação desse protocolo em crianças hospitalizadas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo. Os dados foram coletados de prontuários de pacientes decanulados acompanhados em um hospital pediátrico de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, entre 2011 e 2021. Resultados: Foram analisadas 120 crianças com idade entre dois meses e 16 anos, com média de idade de quatro anos, 69% das quais eram do sexo masculino. Cerca de 75% dos pacientes apresentam traqueostomia por obstrução de vias aéreas superiores e 60% destes por estenose subglótica adquirida. No início do protocolo de decanulação, 5,5% dos pacientes apresentavam disfagia orofaríngea moderada, enquanto 80,4% apresentavam deglutição normal. A correção da pré-decanulação das vias aéreas superiores foi realizada em 39,5% dos pacientes, a dilatação em 63,8% e a correção endoscópica em 55,3%. Após a realização da decanulação, nenhum paciente apresentou complicações. Conclusões: O protocolo de decanulação descrito é seguro, pois a taxa de complicações como óbito e a necessidade de recanulação foi ausente. Objetivo hospitalizadas Métodos Tratase Trata se retrospectivo Horizonte Gerais 201 2021 Resultados 12 1 anos 69 masculino 75 60 adquirida 55 5 5,5 moderada 804 80 4 80,4 normal prédecanulação pré 395 39 39,5 638 63 8 63,8 553 3 55,3% Conclusões seguro ausente 20 202 6 7 5, 80, 39, 63, 55,3 2 55,

ABSTRACT Purpose: To describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of hospitalized patients with retinoblastoma in Brazil. Methods: Using data from the Hospital Cancer Registry of the Instituto Nacional de Câncer, patients with the morphological codes of retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between 2000 to 2018, aged 0–19 years, and followed up in registered hospitals (analytical cases) were selected. The relative and absolute frequencies of demographic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and outcome variables were described. Hospital performance indicators were calculated and compared between hospitals qualified and not qualified to treat pediatric oncology cases and between hospitals with different case volumes (<20, 20-75, >75 cases). Results: Of the 2,269 identified analytical cases from 86 institutions, 48% were from the Southeast, 54% were male, and 66% were aged <4 years. The proportion of missing data (NA) was too high for several variables. Approximately 84% of the patients were from the public health system, 40% had a positive family history, and 88% had unilateral involvement. The first treatment included surgery in 58.3% of the patients (NA=2), Approximately 36.6% of these patients achieved complete remission, 10.8% achieved partial remission, and 12.7% died (NA=59%). Hospital performance indicators were within the target in >90% of the patients. The median time between the first appointment and diagnosis (6 days, interquartile range [IQR] 1–14) was significantly lower and the median time to death was longer (343 days, IQR, 212-539) in high-volume hospitals (>75 cases) than in medium- and low-volume hospitals. Conclusions: Despite the high proportion of missing data, we found that the delay in diagnosis is due to prehospital factors. Additionally, there is a need for educational programs for healthcare professionals and families that emphasize early identification and referral to specialized centers. Future studies should focus on the impact of Hospital Cancer Registry data completeness on outcomes, causes of delay in diagnosis, regional inequalities, and barriers to accessing specialized services. Purpose Brazil Methods Câncer 200 2018 019 0 19 0–1 years selected demographic diagnostic therapeutic described <20, 20 (<20 2075, 2075 75, 75 20-75 >7 cases. . Results 2269 2 269 2,26 8 institutions 48 Southeast 54 male 66 4 < NA (NA 84 system 40 history 88 involvement 583 58 3 58.3 NA=2, NA2 NA=2 , (NA=2) 366 36 6 36.6 remission 108 10 10.8 127 12 7 12.7 NA=59%. NA59 NA=59% 59 (NA=59%) 90 >90 ( days IQR [IQR 1–14 114 1 14 343 (34 212539 212 539 212-539 highvolume volume (>7 medium lowvolume low Conclusions factors Additionally centers outcomes inequalities services 201 01 0– <20 (<2 207 20-7 > 226 26 2,2 5 58. NA= (NA=2 36. 10. 12. NA5 NA=59 (NA=59% 9 >9 1–1 11 34 (3 21253 21 53 212-53 (> <2 (< 20- 22 2, (NA= NA=5 (NA=59 1– 2125 212-5 (NA=5 212-

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Over the last few years, most countries have developed standards relating to reducing the number of places where smoking continues to be possible, particularly in the workplace. This review was intended to summarize the most recent publications on the topic. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content Passive Smoking is defined as "second-hand" smoke that encompasses a complex mixture of pollutants, remaining in the dust on local surfaces where it was smoked, consisting of the original tobacco products and the components originating in the direct consumer's breath, eventually reacting to other agents gifts. These can remain on inert surfaces, sometimes for months and transmission can occur by simple touch. Some researchers estimate that there are around 4000 chemical agents in this context, of which 250 are toxic and 50 are even carcinogenic. Tobacco is one of the preventable causes of death worldwide and a modifiable risk factor, through mechanisms that include DNA damage, inflammation and oxidative stress. It involves health costs and reduced labor productivity, due to associated pathologies, namely cardiovascular, respiratory, oncological, obstetric and infectious diseases. Discussion and Conclusions Over the last few decades, there has been a global decrease in passive smoke, due to the introduction of increasingly restrictive standards in relation to places where smoking is still permitted, in society in general and, obviously, in the workplace as well. The selected articles did not highlight the following detail much but, by creating areas where smoking is permitted in the company, these should minimize the exposure of all workers, smokers and, above all, non-smokers. It would be desirable for countries/institutions where standards are less restrictive and/or enforced to change, so that all workers have a safe working environment. Furthermore, it would be interesting to understand what opinion Portuguese workers have regarding this topic, how standards are complied with in their workplaces and what are the most effective techniques to achieve greater success in this context.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos Ao longo dos últimos anos a generalidade dos países foi desenvolvendo normas relativas à diminuição dos locais onde continua a ser possível fumar, nomeadamente em contexto laboral. Pretendeu-se com esta revisão resumir o que de mais recente se publicou sobre o tema. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo O Tabagismo Passivo é definido como fumo de "segunda mão" que engloba uma mistura complexa de poluentes, permanecendo na poeira das superfícies locais onde se fumou, constituída pelos produtos tabágicos originais e os componentes originários pela respiração do consumidor direto, eventualmente reagindo a outros agentes presentes. Estes podem permanecer nas superfícies inertes, por vezes, por meses e a transmissão pode ocorrer pelo simples toque. Alguns investigadores estimam que existam neste contexto cerca de 4000 agentes químicos, dos quais 250 são tóxicos e 50 são inclusivamente carcinogénicos. O tabaco é uma das causas preveníveis de morte mundialmente e fator de risco modificável, por mecanismos que abarcam o dano de DNA, inflamação e stress oxidativo. Ele implica custos de saúde e de diminuição da produtividade laboral, em função das patologias associadas, nomeadamente cardiovascular, respiratória, oncológica, obstétrica e infeciosa. Discussão e Conclusões Ao longo das últimas décadas verificou-se, globalmente, uma diminuição ao Tabagismo Passivo, devido à introdução de normas cada vez mais restritivas em relação aos locais onde ainda é permitido fumar, na sociedade em geral e, obviamente, em contexto de trabalho também. Os artigos selecionados não realçaram muito o seguinte detalhe mas, criando-se áreas onde é permitido fumar na empresa, estas devem minimizar a exposição de todos os trabalhadores, tabagistas e, sobretudo, não fumadores. Seria desejável que os países/instituições onde as normas são menos restritivas e/ou cumpridas, tal se alterasse, de forma a todos os trabalhadores terem um ambiente laboral seguro. Para além disso, seria interessante perceber qual a opinião que os trabalhadores portugueses têm em relação a este tema, de que forma as normas são cumpridas nos seus locais de trabalho e quais as técnicas mais eficazes para obter mais sucesso neste contexto.

Abstract What and how did the writers of the first centuries of the Italian language read? Thanks to the influence of what readings did you compose your works? In the case of Boccaccio and Petrarch, the answer to this question was found in the books they owned and in which in many cases they made notes. Of Dante, on the other hand, we do not possess either the books or a single word written in his handwriting: we can only imagine the appearance of his handwriting thanks to the description that Leonardi Bruni left of it, probably based on a Dantesque autograph, now lost. Given this lack of data, Dante’s sole mention of his own training is of great importance, that is, the passage from the Convivio in which he narrates that he undertook philosophical studies immediately after the death of Beatrix, prompted by the reading of the Consolatio Philosophiae of Boethius to go for thirty months “to the schools of the religious and to the disputes of the philosophers” (Conv. II, XII, 1-7). The schools frequented by the Poet can be identified with the conventual Studia of Florence, that is, the Franciscan of Santa Croce, the Dominican of Santa Maria Novella and the Augustinian of Santo Spirito, unique places of conservation of books and education, in addition to the teaching by isolated private teachers like Brunetto Latini. Among these institutions, home to lively cultural activity, philosophical disputes and study, the historical data attributable to Dante favors Santa Croce, whose books (today preserved mainly in the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenciana and in the National Central Library of Florence) document the physiognomy in which the texts he read were offered to his eyes and were models of his works. This contribution traces a journey through the precious bibliographic heritage of the Franciscan Studium, with the aim of reconstructing and documenting the circulation of Dante’s works in his homeland and the Florentine context in which the poet’s extraordinary cultural formation took place.

Resumen ¿Qué y cómo leían los escritores de los primeros siglos de la lengua italiana? ¿Bajo la influencia de qué lecturas compusieron sus obras? En el caso de Boccaccio y Petrarca, la respuesta a esta pregunta se encontró en los libros que poseían y en los que, en muchos casos, hicieron anotaciones. De Dante, en cambio, no poseemos ni los libros ni una sola palabra escrita de su puño y letra: sólo podemos imaginar el aspecto de su caligrafía gracias a la descripción que de ella dejó Leonardi Bruni, probablemente basada en un autógrafo dantesco, hoy perdido. Dada esta ausencia de datos, cobra gran importancia la única mención de Dante a su propia formación, es decir, el pasaje del Convivio en el que narra que emprendió estudios filosóficos inmediatamente después de la muerte de Beatriz, impulsado por la lectura de la Consolatio Philosophiae de Boecio para ir durante treinta meses “a las escuelas de los religiosos y a las disputas de los filósofos” (Conv. II, XII, 1-7). Las escuelas frecuentadas por el Poeta se pueden identificar con los Studia conventuales de Florencia, es decir, la franciscana de Santa Croce, la dominicana de Santa Maria Novella y la agustina de Santo Spirito, únicos lugares de conservación de libros y educación, además de la enseñanza privada de profesores aislados como Brunetto Latini. Entre estas instituciones, sedes de una animada actividad cultural, de disputas filosóficas y de estudio, los datos históricos atribuibles a Dante favorecen a Santa Croce, cuyos libros (hoy conservados principalmente en la Biblioteca Medicea Laurenciana y en la Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florencia) documentan los textos que leía y eran modelos de sus obras. Esta contribución traza un recorrido por el preciado patrimonio bibliográfico del Studium franciscano, con el objetivo de reconstruir y documentar la circulación de las obras de Dante en su patria y el contexto florentino en el que tuvo lugar la extraordinaria formación cultural del poeta.

Resumen: Introducción: La pérdida de un ser querido se construye como una experiencia humana inevitable, que genera una vivencia emocional que impacta tanto al individuo que experimenta la pérdida como a su entorno. Objetivo: Investigar la relación entre los procesos de duelo anticipado y las alteraciones en la participación ocupacional de quienes fueron cuidadoras principales informales de personas con enfermedad terminal en la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Método: Enfoque cualitativo con 7 entrevistas semiestructuradas individuales a cuidadoras adultas en el sur y poniente de la región. Resultados: Fueron categorizadas experiencias y subjetividades que expresan la importancia que las mujeres atribuyen al cuidado de sus familiares, con una escasa demostración emocional durante esta etapa. Además, emergen categorías como rutinas y roles, donde muchas mujeres priorizan el cuidado; redes de apoyo, con relatos frecuentes sobre la falta de ayuda y herramientas más allá de lo económico; y áreas de ocupación afectadas, predominantemente el descanso y sueño, aunque también se menciona el autocuidado y la participación social. Conclusión: Si bien el proceso de duelo anticipado genera dolor y desgaste propio, es el cuidado informal lo que genera cambios en la participación y calidad de vida de las mujeres cuidadoras.

Resumo: Introdução: A perda de um ente querido é construída como uma experiência humana inevitável, que gera uma vivência emocional que afeta tanto o indivíduo que experimenta a perda quanto seu entorno. Objetivo: investigar a relação entre os processos de luto antecipado e as alterações na participação ocupacional daquelas que foram cuidadoras primárias informais de pessoas com doença terminal na Região Metropolitana do Chile. Método: abordagem qualitativa com 7 entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com cuidadoras adultas no sul e oeste da região. Resultados: Foram categorizadas experiências e subjetividades que expressam a importância que as mulheres atribuem ao cuidado de seus familiares, com uma escassa demonstração emocional durante essa etapa. Além disso, surgem categorias como rotinas e papéis, em que muitas mulheres priorizam o cuidado; redes de apoio, com relatos frequentes sobre a falta de ajuda e ferramentas além das econômicas; e áreas de ocupação afetadas, predominantemente o descanso e o sono, embora o autocuidado e a participação social também sejam mencionados. Conclusão: Embora o processo de luto antecipado gere dor e desgaste próprio, é o cuidado informal que gera mudanças na participação e na qualidade de vida das mulheres cuidadoras.

Abstract: Introduction: The loss of a loved one is constructed as an inevitable human experience, which generates an emotional experience that impacts both the individual experiencing the loss and his or her environment. Objective: To investigate the relationship between anticipated grief processes and alterations in the occupational participation of informal primary caregivers of terminally ill persons in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Method: Qualitative approach with 7 individual semi-structured interviews with adult caregivers in the south and west of the region. Results: Experiences and subjectivities were categorized that express the importance that women attribute to the care of their relatives, with little emotional demonstration during this stage. In addition, categories such as routines and roles emerge, where many women prioritize caregiving; support networks, with frequent reports on the lack of help and tools beyond the economic; and areas of occupation affected, predominantly rest and sleep, although self-care and social participation are also mentioned. Conclusion: Although the process of anticipatory grief generates pain and self-exhaustion, it is informal caregiving that generates changes in the participation and quality of life of women caregivers.

Abstract Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common cause of graft dysfunction, accounting for significant morbidity, and are associated with poor graft and patient survival. This study aimed to assess the association between post-renal transplant UTI and graft outcomes. Methods: We examined the effect of UTIs on graft outcomes in patients who underwent renal transplantation surgery between January 2010 and December 2022. The study population included 349 renal transplantations, of which 74 experienced 140 UTI events. Based on the number of UTI episodes, patients were categorized into three groups. Results: Of the 349 recipients, 275 (74.4%) had no UTI, 47 (18.8%) had non-recurrent UTIs (NR-UTIs), and 27 (6.8%) had recurrent UTIs (R-UTIs). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that post-KT UTI status was a significant factor in graft survival, death-censored graft survival, and patient survival after a follow up of 5 years (log rank, P < 0.001). R-UTIs were associated with very poor graft survival and patient survival when compared with no UTI after a follow up of 5 years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.506; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.233–1.840; P < 0.001 & HR, 1.529; 95% CI, 1.227–1.905; P = 0.001). R-UTIs were more likely to be associated with multi-drug resistant Gram-negative organisms (Klebsiella pneumonia or Escherichia coli) with resistance to nitrofurantoin (RR, 2.753; 95% CI, 1.257–6.032; P = 0.01) and carbapenem (RR, 2.064; 95% CI, 0.988–4.314; P = 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to no UTI, R-UTIs were associated to worse graft and patient outcomes after a follow-up of 5 years, whereas NR-UTIs were associated with poor graft and patient outcomes in the long term. Background (UTIs dysfunction morbidity postrenal post Methods 201 2022 34 transplantations 7 14 events episodes groups Results recipients 74.4% 744 4 (74.4% 18.8% 188 18 8 (18.8% nonrecurrent non NRUTIs, NRUTIs NR , (NR-UTIs) 2 6.8% 68 6 (6.8% RUTIs. RUTIs R . (R-UTIs) KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier postKT KT deathcensored death censored log rank 0.001. 0001 0 001 0.001) hazard HR [HR] 1.506 1506 1 506 95 CI [CI] 1.233–1.840 12331840 233 840 0.00 1.529 1529 529 1.227–1.905 12271905 227 905 multidrug multi drug Gramnegative Gram negative Klebsiella coli RR, RR (RR 2.753 2753 753 1.257–6.032 12576032 257 032 0.01 01 2.064 2064 064 0.988–4.314 09884314 988 314 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) Conclusion followup term 20 202 3 74.4 (74.4 18.8 (18.8 (NR-UTIs 6.8 (6.8 (R-UTIs 000 00 [HR 1.50 150 50 9 [CI 1.233–1.84 1233184 23 84 0.0 1.52 152 52 1.227–1.90 1227190 22 90 2.75 75 1.257–6.03 1257603 25 03 2.06 206 06 0.988–4.31 0988431 98 31 74. (74. 18. (18. 6. (6. 1.5 15 1.233–1.8 123318 0. 1.227–1.9 122719 2.7 1.257–6.0 125760 2.0 0.988–4.3 098843 (74 (18 (6 1. 1.233–1. 12331 1.227–1. 12271 2. 1.257–6. 12576 0.988–4. 09884 (7 (1 ( 1.233–1 1233 1.227–1 1227 1.257–6 1257 0.988–4 0988 1.233– 123 1.227– 122 1.257– 125 0.988– 098 1.233 12 1.227 1.257 0.988 09 1.23 1.22 1.25 0.98 1.2 0.9

Resumo Histórico: Infecções do trato urinário (ITU) são a segunda causa mais comum de disfunção do enxerto, responsáveis por morbidade significativa, sendo associadas à baixa sobrevida do enxerto e paciente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar associação entre ITU pós-transplante renal e desfechos do enxerto. Métodos: Examinamos o efeito das ITU nos desfechos do enxerto em pacientes submetidos ao transplante renal entre janeiro/2010 e dezembro/2022. A população do estudo incluiu 349 transplantes renais, dos quais 74 apresentaram 140 eventos de ITU. Baseado no número de episódios de ITU, categorizamos os pacientes em três grupos. Resultados: Dos 349 receptores, 275 (74,4%) não apresentaram ITU, 47 (18,8%) apresentaram ITU não recorrentes (ITU-NR) e 27 (6,8%) apresentaram ITU recorrentes (ITU-R). O método de Kaplan-Meier mostrou que o status da ITU pós-TR foi um fator significativo na sobrevida do enxerto, sobrevida do enxerto censurada para óbito e sobrevida do paciente após acompanhamento de 5 anos (log rank, P < 0,001). ITU-R foram associadas à sobrevida muito baixa do enxerto e sobrevida do paciente comparadas com nenhuma ITU após acompanhamento de 5 anos (razão de risco [RR], 1,506; IC 95%, 1,233–1,840; P < 0,001 & RR, 1,529; IC 95%, 1,227–1,905; P = 0,001). ITU-R apresentaram maior probabilidade de serem associadas a organismos Gram-negativos multirresistentes (Klebsiella pneumonia ou Escherichia coli) resistentes à nitrofurantoína (RR, 2,753; IC 95%, 1,257–6,032; P = 0,01) e carbapenem (RR, 2,064; IC 95%, 0,988–4,314; P = 0,05). Conclusão: Em comparação com ausência de ITU, ITU-R foram associadas a piores desfechos do enxerto e paciente após acompanhamento de 5 anos, enquanto ITU-NR foram associadas a piores desfechos do enxerto e paciente em longo prazo. Histórico (ITU significativa póstransplante pós Métodos janeiro2010 janeiro 2010 janeiro/201 dezembro2022 dezembro 2022 dezembro/2022 34 renais 7 14 grupos Resultados receptores 74,4% 744 4 (74,4% 18,8% 188 18 8 (18,8% ITUNR NR (ITU-NR 2 6,8% 68 6 (6,8% ITUR. ITUR R . (ITU-R) KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier pósTR TR log rank 0,001. 0001 0 001 0,001) razão RR , [RR] 1,506 1506 1 506 95 95% 1,233–1,840 12331840 233 840 0,00 1,529 1529 529 1,227–1,905 12271905 227 905 Gramnegativos Gram negativos Klebsiella coli (RR 2,753 2753 753 1,257–6,032 12576032 257 032 0,01 01 2,064 2064 064 0,988–4,314 09884314 988 314 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) Conclusão prazo janeiro201 201 janeiro/20 dezembro202 202 dezembro/202 3 74,4 (74,4 18,8 (18,8 6,8 (6,8 (ITU-R 000 00 [RR 1,50 150 50 9 1,233–1,84 1233184 23 84 0,0 1,52 152 52 1,227–1,90 1227190 22 90 2,75 75 1,257–6,03 1257603 25 03 2,06 206 06 0,988–4,31 0988431 98 31 janeiro20 20 janeiro/2 dezembro20 dezembro/20 74, (74, 18, (18, 6, (6, 1,5 15 1,233–1,8 123318 0, 1,227–1,9 122719 2,7 1,257–6,0 125760 2,0 0,988–4,3 098843 janeiro2 janeiro/ dezembro2 dezembro/2 (74 (18 (6 1, 1,233–1, 12331 1,227–1, 12271 2, 1,257–6, 12576 0,988–4, 09884 dezembro/ (7 (1 ( 1,233–1 1233 1,227–1 1227 1,257–6 1257 0,988–4 0988 1,233– 123 1,227– 122 1,257– 125 0,988– 098 1,233 12 1,227 1,257 0,988 09 1,23 1,22 1,25 0,98 1,2 0,9

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the provisions and practices associated with funerals in New Spain during the last decades of the colonial era and to compare the parish fees of the archbishopric of Mexico and the bishopric of Guadalajara. Funeral services were of enormous consequence for the people of New Spain, both because of their significance in the community and because of the participation of the parish priest and his ministers. Two sources intersect here, the first being the taxes approved by the Church authorities of Mexico and Guadalajara, which established the amounts the faithful had to pay on the death of their relatives according to their status and the area where the bodies would be laid to rest. The second is the data from the records kept in the burial books of the parish of Jalostotitlán in the bishopric of Guadalajara to highlight the differences between the parochial rights in two bishoprics, and some of the changes that ocurred during the last years of the colonial period.

Resumen: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las disposiciones y las prácticas relativas a los funerales en Nueva España durante las últimas décadas coloniales y comparar los aranceles parroquiales del arzobispado de México y el obispado de Guadalajara. Las honras fúnebres revestían especial importancia para los novohispanos, tanto por su significado en la comunidad, como por la participación del párroco y sus ministros. Aquí se cruzan dos fuentes: los aranceles aprobados por las autoridades eclesiásticas de México y Guadalajara, que establecían los montos que los fieles debían cubrir a la muerte de sus familiares según su calidad y el espacio donde reposarían los cuerpos, y los datos procedentes de las actas anotadas en los libros de entierros de la parroquia de Jalostotitlán del obispado de Guadalajara para mostrar las diferencias entre los derechos parroquiales de los dos obispados y algunos de los cambios que experimentaron las exequias a finales del periodo virreinal.

Abstract In this article we investigate neopaganism as a cultural imprint of contemporary Western societies. Closely related to the opposition to Christianity, neopaganism is configured as a philosophy that, consciously and radically, is reluctant to all types of dualism. In this order of ideas, God and the world become two different, separate and irreducible ontological levels. The main objective of the work is to demonstrate that neopaganism is another form of nihilism, through a qualitative approach typical of the human sciences, and will use both the hermeneutical phenomenological method and documentary analysis since it seeks to deepen the rupture with the popular religious traditions, to return to the old sacred conception of the world as a place full of gods, in which there are no more moral demands than those indicated by man as the center of this neopagan metaphysical and anthropological scheme. The main result obtained is the verification of the nihilism that the neopagan proposal contains in the religious, moral, anthropological and political order with a detailed characterization of the phenomenon and its relativistic consequences in Western thought.

Resumen En el presente artículo investigamos acerca del neopaganismo como una impronta cultural de las actuales sociedades occidentales. Relacionado estrechamente con la oposición al cristianismo, el neopaganismo se configura como una filosofía que, de manera consciente y radical, se muestra reacia a todo tipo de dualismo. En este orden de ideas, Dios y el mundo devienen dos niveles ontológicos distintos, separados e irreductibles. El objetivo principal del trabajo es el de demostrar que el neopaganismo constituye una forma de nihilismo, mediante un enfoque cualitativo propio de las ciencias humanas, y se servirá tanto del método fenomenológico hermenéutico como del análisis documental, puesto que busca profundizar en la ruptura con las tradiciones religiosas populares, para retornar a la vieja concepción sagrada del mundo como un lugar lleno de dioses, en el que no hay más exigencias morales que las que señale el hombre como centro de este esquema metafísico y antropológico neopagano. El principal resultado obtenido es la comprobación del nihilismo que encierra la propuesta neopagana en el orden religioso, moral, antropológico y político con una detallada caracterización del fenómeno y sus consecuencias relativistas en el pensamiento occidental.

Abstract Introduction: This study investigated variables associated with mortality in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) diagnosed with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) and a simultaneous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study enrolling KTRs diagnosed with PTLD between 2018 and 2020. Outcome: death within two years after diagnosis. Results: Among 1,625 KTRs who collected EBV viremia (by PCR, 2018–2020) for any reason, 238 (14.6%) had a positive viral load and 41 (17.2%) simultaneous PTLD. These 41 patients were 40.1 years old at diagnosis and 8.6 years after transplantation; 26.8% were induced with rATG and 92.7% were maintained on tacrolimus and azathioprine (TAC/AZA) as immunosuppressive regimen. Lymph nodes (75.6%) was the most common site of PTLD, followed by the gastrointestinal tract (48.8%), with 61.0% at Lugano stage IV and 80.5% monomorphic PTLD. The mean EBV viral load was 12,198 IU/mL. One- and two-year patient survival post-diagnosis was 60.4% and 46.8%, respectively. In the Cox regression analysis, age at PTLD diagnosis (HR for each year = 1.039; p < 0.001) and EBV viral load (HR for each log = 1.695; p = 0.026) were associated with risk of death. Conclusion: This study suggests that in patients predominantly on TAC/AZA, PTLD with simultaneous EBV positive viral load is a late event, and worse survival is associated with older age and EBV viral load at diagnosis. Introduction (KTRs posttransplant post (PTLD EpsteinBarr Epstein Barr (EBV Methods 201 2020 Outcome Results 1625 1 625 1,62 PCR 2018–2020 20182020 reason 23 14.6% 146 14 6 (14.6% 4 17.2% 172 17 2 (17.2% 401 40 40. 86 8 8. transplantation 268 26 26.8 927 92 7 92.7 TAC/AZA TACAZA TAC AZA (TAC/AZA regimen 75.6% 756 75 (75.6% 48.8%, 488 48.8% , 48 (48.8%) 610 61 0 61.0 805 80 5 80.5 12198 12 198 12,19 IUmL IU mL IU/mL One twoyear postdiagnosis 604 60 60.4 468 46 46.8% respectively analysis HR 1.039 1039 039 0.001 0001 001 1.695 1695 695 0.026 0026 026 Conclusion event 20 202 162 62 1,6 2018–202 2018202 14.6 (14.6 17.2 (17.2 26. 9 92. 75.6 (75.6 48.8 (48.8% 61. 80. 1219 19 12,1 60. 46.8 1.03 103 03 0.00 000 00 1.69 169 69 0.02 002 02 16 1, 2018–20 201820 14. (14. 17. (17. 75. (75. 48. (48.8 121 12, 46. 1.0 10 0.0 1.6 2018–2 20182 (14 (17 (75 (48. 1. 0. 2018– (1 (7 (48 ( (4

Resumo Introdução: Este estudo investigou variáveis associadas à mortalidade em receptores de transplante renal (RTR) diagnosticados com doença linfoproliferativa pós-transplante (PTLD, do inglês post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease) e viremia simultânea pelo vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV). Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo incluindo RTR diagnosticados com PTLD entre 2018 e 2020. Desfecho: óbito em até dois anos após diagnóstico. Resultados: Entre 1.625 RTR que realizaram coleta de viremia para EBV (por PCR, 2018–2020) por qualquer motivo, 238 (14,6%) apresentaram carga viral positiva e 41 (17,2%) PTLD simultânea. Esses 41 pacientes tinham em média 40,1 anos ao diagnóstico e 8,6 anos após o transplante; 26,8% foram induzidos com rATG e 92,7% foram mantidos com tacrolimus e azatioprina (TAC/AZA) como regime imunossupressor. Linfonodos (75,6%) foram o local mais comum de PTLD, seguidos pelo trato gastrointestinal (48,8%), com 61,0% no estágio IV de Lugano e 80,5% PTLD monomórfica. A carga viral média do EBV foi 12.198 UI/mL. A sobrevida dos pacientes em um e dois anos após o diagnóstico foi 60,4% e 46,8%, respectivamente. Na análise de regressão de Cox, a idade ao diagnóstico de PTLD (HR para cada ano = 1,039; p < 0,001) e a carga viral do EBV (HR para cada log = 1,695; p = 0,026) foram associadas ao risco de óbito. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que, em pacientes predominantemente em uso de TAC/AZA, a PTLD com carga viral simultânea positiva para EBV é um evento tardio, e a pior sobrevida está associada à idade mais avançada e à carga viral de EBV no momento do diagnóstico. Introdução (RTR póstransplante pós (PTLD posttransplant post transplant disease EpsteinBarr Epstein Barr EBV. . (EBV) Métodos 201 2020 Desfecho Resultados 1625 1 625 1.62 PCR 2018–2020 20182020 motivo 23 14,6% 146 14 6 (14,6% 4 17,2% 172 17 2 (17,2% 401 40 40, 86 8 8, 268 26 26,8 927 92 7 92,7 TAC/AZA TACAZA TAC AZA (TAC/AZA imunossupressor 75,6% 756 75 (75,6% 48,8%, 488 48,8% , 48 (48,8%) 610 61 0 61,0 805 80 5 80,5 monomórfica 12198 12 198 12.19 UImL UI mL UI/mL 604 60 60,4 468 46 46,8% respectivamente Cox HR 1,039 1039 039 0,001 0001 001 1,695 1695 695 0,026 0026 026 Conclusão tardio (EBV 20 202 162 62 1.6 2018–202 2018202 14,6 (14,6 17,2 (17,2 26, 9 92, 75,6 (75,6 48,8 (48,8% 61, 80, 1219 19 12.1 60, 46,8 1,03 103 03 0,00 000 00 1,69 169 69 0,02 002 02 16 1. 2018–20 201820 14, (14, 17, (17, 75, (75, 48, (48,8 121 12. 46, 1,0 10 0,0 1,6 2018–2 20182 (14 (17 (75 (48, 1, 0, 2018– (1 (7 (48 ( (4

Abstract Sections of higher education in Argentina in the last approximately ten years are covered, trying to show a line of continuity with respect to certain traces of undisguisable academic neocolonialism, not noticing notable differences despite the change in university policies from the different national administrations. In order to show this line of continuity -despite the abysmal difference regarding public policies in Higher Education in the last two governments- we are located in the Argentine North Patagonia, analyzing as a witness case of what is maintained here (namely: the capital plot / market / Higher Education) hydrocarbon exploitation since the boom of what is called Vaca Muerta. It is interesting to show how this plot occurs in Higher Education, it is at the expense of academic capitalism. This article closes by reporting a certain impassiveness on the part of the Social Sciences and Humanities, which, to a large extent, ignore these issues, remaining in a state, if not of complicity, then of epistemic ataraxia and immutability in the face of affliction of the present. We maintain the importance of paying attention to the re and neo-colonizing dimension of higher studies and education in general, today as yesterday, and silence regarding this present of devastation and death that has colonized minds, bodies and knowledge.

Resumen Se recorren tramos de la Educación Superior en la Argentina en los últimos diez años aproximadamente procurando mostrar cierta línea de continuidad respecto a algunos trazos de indisimulable neocolonialismo académico, no advirtiendo diferencias notorias pese al radical cambio en las políticas universitarias, sin dudas sustantivo, desde las distintas administraciones nacionales. A efectos de mostrar esa línea de continuidad -pese a la abismal diferencia referida a políticas públicas en Educación Superior en los dos últimos gobiernos- nos situamos en la Norpatagonia argentina analizando como caso testigo de lo que aquí se sostiene (a saber: la trama capital/mercado/Educación Superior) la explotación hidrocarburífera a partir del boom de lo que se denomina ‘Vaca Muerta’. Interesa mostrar cómo se da dicha trama en la Educación Superior, la que queda a expensas del capitalismo académico. Cierra este artículo dando cuenta de cierta impavidez por parte de las Ciencias Sociales y las Humanidades, las que, en gran medida, se desentienden de estas cuestiones permaneciendo en un estado, si no de complicidad, sí de ataraxia epistémica y de inmutabilidad ante la aflicción del presente. Sostenemos la importancia en reparar en la dimensión re y neocolonizadora de los estudios superiores y de la educación en general, hoy como ayer y el silencio respecto a este presente de devastación y muerte que ha colonizado mentes, cuerpos y saberes.

Resumen: Introducción: En inicios del año 2015 se implementa el convenio de complementación público-privado entre los dos principales prestadores del Departamento de San José - Uruguay: AMSJ y ASSE San José, conformándose así la Unidad Departamental de Medicina Paliativa de San José (UDMP). El convenio tiene como principal objetivo asegurar la asistencia paliativa a todos los usuarios de los prestadores involucrados con los principios fundamentales de calidad, equidad y accesibilidad, siguiendo los lineamientos del Plan Nacional de Cuidados Paliativos del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Uruguay. El objetivo es describir y analizar la experiencia de la implementación del primer modelo de complementación público-privado del país en Cuidados Paliativos (CP). Metodología: Estudio descriptivo analítico, retrospectivo que incluye datos de los primeros siete años de funcionamiento del convenio. Resultados: El convenio de complementación público-privado en el Departamento de San José, permitió la creación de un equipo interdisciplinario que asistió en forma continua a 1422 pacientes provenientes de zonas urbanas y rurales, portadores de diversas patologías. La cobertura departamental de CP aumentó de forma significativa, pasando de 24 % en 2014 a 57% en 2021. Estos resultados se lograron implementando un modelo de asistencia paliativa que asegura la continuidad asistencial en internación, consultorio y domicilio, que permitió respetar la autonomía del paciente, logrando el fallecimiento de 67% de los pacientes en su hogar. La satisfacción de usuarios y familiares de la asistencia brindada fue evaluada como muy buena. Conclusiones: El convenio de complementación resultó ser una herramienta eficiente para favorecer el acceso a CP, evitando la superposición de equipos en la asistencia domiciliaria en todo el departamento de San José.

Resumo: Introdução: No início de 2015, foi implementado o acordo de complementaridade público-privado entre os dois principais prestadores do Departamento de San José Uruguai: AMSJ e ASSE San José, formando assim a Unidade Departamental de Medicina Paliativa de San José (UDMP). O principal objetivo do acordo é garantir cuidados paliativos a todos os usuários dos prestadores envolvidos, com os princípios fundamentais de qualidade, equidade e acessibilidade, seguindo as diretrizes do Plano Nacional de Cuidados Paliativos do Ministério de Saúde Pública do Uruguai. El objetivo es descrever e analisar a experiência de implementação do primeiro modelo de complementação público-privada em Cuidados Paliativos (CP) do país. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, analítico, retrospectivo que inclui dados dos primeiros sete anos de vigência do convênio. Resultados: O acordo de complementação público-privada no Departamento de San José permitiu a criação de uma equipe interdisciplinar que atendeu continuamente 1.422 pacientes de áreas urbanas e rurais, com diversas patologias. A cobertura departamental do CP aumentou significativamente, de 24% em 2014 para 57% em 2021. Estes resultados foram alcançados através da implementação de um modelo de cuidados paliativos que garante a continuidade dos cuidados no internamento, no consultório e no domicílio, o que permitiu respeitar a autonomia do doente, atingindo a morte de 67% dos doentes no domicílio. A satisfação dos usuários e familiares com a assistência prestada foi avaliada como muito boa. Conclusões: O convênio de complementação revelou-se uma ferramenta eficiente para promover o acesso à CP, evitando a sobreposição de equipes na atenção domiciliar em todo o departamento de San José.

Abstract: Introduction: At the beginning of 2015, the public-private complementarity agreement was implemented between the two main providers of the Department of San José Uruguay: AMSJ and ASSE San José, thus forming the Departmental Unit of Palliative Medicine of San José (UDMP). The main objective of the agreement is to ensure palliative care to all users of the providers involved, with the fundamental principles of quality, equity and accessibility, following the guidelines of the National Palliative Care Plan of the Ministry of Public Health of Uruguay. The objective is describe and analyze the experience of implementing the country's first public-private complementation model in Palliative Care (PC). Methodology: Descriptive, analytical, retrospective study that includes data from the first seven years of operation of the agreement. Results: The public-private complementation agreement in the Department of San José allowed the creation of an interdisciplinary team that continuously assisted 1,422 patients from urban and rural areas, with various pathologies. Departmental CP coverage increased significantly, from 24% in 2014 to 57% in 2021. These results were achieved by implementing a palliative care model that ensures continuity of care in hospitalization, office and home, which allowed the patient's autonomy to be respected, achieving the death of 67% of patients at home. The satisfaction of users and family members with the assistance provided was evaluated as very good. Conclusions: The complementation agreement turned out to be an efficient tool to promote access to CP, avoiding the overlap of teams in home care throughout the department of San José.

Abstract Heart disease and diabetes are the leading causes of death in Mexico. These diseases affect not only the patient but also their environment, which includes their partners. In this context, variables such as warmth and shared empathy can influence the optimism of both members of a couple, helping them improve their physical health. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to examine the relationship between warmth and empathy in diabetic patients (A) or with heart disease (A') and the optimism of their healthy partner (B and B’ respectively) and vice versa. For this, 218 couples in which one diagnosed diabetic partner and 203 couples with a partner diagnosed with heart disease participated. The results show that there is a difference between the participants due to the characteristics of each disease, in turn, it was observed that warmth and empathy in paired patient (A and A') had a greater influence on the optimism of their healthy partner (B and B') than vice versa. Finally, it was found that warmth rather than empathy developed optimism in the participants.

Resumen En México, las cardiopatías y la diabetes son de las principales causas de muerte. Estas enfermedades no solo afectan al paciente, sino también a su entorno, incluyendo a su pareja. En este contexto, variables como la calidez y la empatía compartida pueden tener un efecto en el optimismo de los miembros de la pareja, ayudándolos a mejorar su salud física. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la relación de la calidez y empatía del paciente diabético (A) o con cardiopatía (A’) con el optimismo de su pareja sana (B y B’) y viceversa. Para ello, participaron 218 parejas donde uno de los miembros tuviera diabetes, y 203 parejas con un miembro diagnosticado con alguna cardiopatía. Los resultados demuestran que existe una diferencia entre los participantes debido a las características de cada enfermedad; a su vez, se observó que la calidez y la empatía del paciente (A y A’) influyen más en el optimismo de su pareja sana (B y B’) que a la inversa. Por último, se encontró que la calidez, más que la empatía, desarrolló optimismo en los participantes.

RESUMEN La industria del tabaco, como cualquier otra, es participe del producto interno bruto y la generación de empleo en cualquier país. No obstante, los gobiernos han establecido mecanismos fiscales para erradicar su consumo, debido a las enfermedades que ocasiona como cáncer pulmonar, bronquitis crónica; lo que puede llevar a la muerte. En este sentido, se propone una aplicación de un modelo de externalidades para la producción de tabaco en México. Se obtuvieron dos mecanismos para la erradicación del tabaco, uno de ellos implica que las empresas disminuyan salarios de los trabajadores por el aumento de impuestos; el segundo, aumentar precios del tabaco permitiendo que las empresas equilibren su presupuesto. Ambos mecanismos implican un desajuste presupuestal para los ciudadanos, pero el segundo es una solución socialmente optima, pues solo se ven afectados los consumidores de tabaco y no así los que dependen del empleo y salario de la empresa.

ABSTRACT The tobacco industry, like any other, is a participant in the gross domestic product and the generation of employment in any country. However, governments have established fiscal mechanisms to eradicate its consumption, due to the diseases it causes such as lung cancer, chronic bronchitis; what can lead to death. In this sense, an application of an externalities model for tobacco production in Mexico is proposed. Two mechanisms were obtained for the eradication of tobacco; one of them implies that companies reduce workers' wages due to the increase in taxes. A second is to increase tobacco prices allowing companies to balance their budget. Both mechanisms imply a budget imbalance for citizens, but the second is a socially optimal solution, since only tobacco users are affected and not those who depend on the company's employment and salary.