ABSTRACT. The order Ingolfiellida (Crustacea, Peracarida) represents a small group of peracarid crustaceans, usually less than 3 mm long and comprising 53 species in several ecosystems worldwide. Previously, eight ingolfiellid species had been documented from the Intra-Americans Sea: one from the Gulf of Mexico and eastern Florida and seven from the Caribbean Sea, including the Bahamas. A new deep-sea species of Ingolfiella is described based on material collected from bathyal soft bottoms (2650 m depth) offshore Veracruz State, southern Gulf of Mexico. The new species can be differentiated as follows: accessory flagellum 2-articulate; antenna 2 flagellum 4-articulate; pereopods 5-6 with long curved seta on dactylus; rami of uropod 1 subequal in length; uropod 3 ramus longer than peduncle, unarticulated; pleopods 1-3 as long as pleonal segments; maxilla 1 inner plate with one tiny seta distally; mandible without palp; molar poorly developed; pleopods reduced; telson as a fleshy ovoidal lobe with two slender dorsal setae. A table and a map featuring the nine ingolfiellids recorded in the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea, and eastern Florida are also provided. The new species increases the number of Ingolfiella species to 35 worldwide, representing the second record of ingolfiellids from the Gulf of Mexico.

ABSTRACT. Kelp forests support species-rich food webs that predator-prey interactions may sustain. Here, we analyze prey availability and stomach contents of the predatory fish Prolatilus jugularis in an unexplored subtidal kelp forest of Lessonia trabeculata in south-central Chile. In the kelp forest, 42 invertebrate taxa and 1016 individuals were observed. In the diet of P. jugularis, 21 taxa and 130 individuals were identified. Crustacea, particularly amphipods, were the dominant and more frequent taxa in the kelp forest and stomach contents. Annelida and Mollusca were also present in the kelp forest and diets but were less abundant. We did not find a statistically significant correlation between kelp forest and stomach-content prey abundances and frequencies. Also, dominance structure significantly differed between kelps and stomach contents. Our results indicate that P. jugularis could feed in other habitats outside the survey area. Seven predatory fish were sampled in the kelp forest. Pinguipes chilensis was the dominant fish, with 65% of the total fish biomass, followed by P. jugularis with 20%.

Abstract This study describes and illustrates the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates associated to Sargassum and Dictyota seaweed habitats in the Alcatrazes archipelago, the largest Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Assemblages were sampled during the summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 and winter of 2018 at two sites on the main island. Macroalgae containing the associated fauna were collected at approximately 10 meters deep, with six samples at each site and in each sampling campaign. Sargassum fronds prevailed during summer collections, whilst were absent in the winter campaigns, when Dictyota was the most frequent seaweed. Among invertebrates, 32 species were exclusively found on summer months, associated to Sargassum beds, while 12 species were only registered on winter collection, in association with Dictyota. In total, 91 species were identified, belonging to 60 families, 19 orders, 7 classes and 3 phyla, including Arthropoda (Malacostraca and Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora), and Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea). Among the 91 species found, 73 species are new records for the Alcatrazes archipelago marine area, thus revealing the expressive invertebrate biodiversity living in association with macroalgae beds in that area, which has still been little explored. No significant difference in species diversity was found between the two sites of Alcatrazes. In addition, few specimens of two invasive species were found: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), which underscores the importance of monitoring different habitats within MPAs to check for possible changes in the fauna over the years. As far as our knowledge, this is the first illustrated inventory of the seaweed-associated macroinvertebrate fauna within the Alcatrazes Archipelago, one of the largest MPAs in the Brazilian coast; besides unravelling its notorious biodiversity, this can act as a reference for future monitoring of local coastal diversity. MPA (MPA Paulo Brazil 201 202 island 1 deep campaign collections campaigns invertebrates months collection total 9 identified 6 families orders phyla Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora, Polyplacophora Polyplacophora) Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) area explored addition (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) years knowledge seaweedassociated Archipelago coast 20 2

Resumo Este estudo descreve e ilustra a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados associados a habitats de macroalgas pardas marinhas dos gêneros Sargassum e Dictyota no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, a maior Área Marinha Protegida (AMP) do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. As assembleias foram amostradas durante os verões de 2018, 2019 e 2020 e no inverno de 2018 em dois locais na ilha principal. As macroalgas contendo a fauna associada foram coletadas a aproximadamente 10 metros de profundidade, com seis amostras em cada local e em cada campanha amostral. Frondes de Sargassum predominaram nas coletas de verão, enquanto estiveram ausentes nas campanhas de inverno, quando Dictyota foram predominantes. Entre os invertebrados, 32 espécies foram encontradas exclusivamente nos meses de verão, associadas aos bancos de Sargassum, enquanto 12 espécies foram registradas apenas na coleta de inverno, em associação com Dictyota. No total, foram identificadas 91 espécies, pertencentes a 60 famílias, 19 ordens, 7 classes e 3 filos, incluindo Arthropoda (Malacostraca e Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia e Polyplacophora) e Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea e Echinoidea). Das 91 espécies encontradas, 73 espécies são novos registos para a área marinha do arquipélago de Alcatrazes, revelando assim a expressiva biodiversidade de invertebrados que vivem em associação com bancos de macroalgas naquela área ainda pouco explorada. Nenhuma diferença significativa de diversidade de espécies foi encontrada entre os dois locais de Alcatrazes. Além disso, foram encontrados poucos exemplares de duas espécies invasoras: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) e Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), o que ressalta a importância do monitoramento de diferentes habitats dentro das AMPs para verificar possíveis alterações na fauna ao longo dos anos. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro inventário ilustrado da fauna de macroinvertebrados associados a algas marinhas no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, uma das maiores AMPs da costa brasileira; além de desvendar a sua notória biodiversidade, pode servir de referência para futuro monitoramento da diversidade costeira local. Alcatrazes AMP (AMP Paulo Brasil 201 202 principal 1 profundidade amostral verão predominantes total 9 6 famílias ordens filos Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) explorada disso invasoras (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) anos sabemos brasileira 20 2

ABSTRACT Monstrilloid copepods are endoparasites of marine benthic invertebrates (i.e., polychaetes, molluscs) during their juvenile stages. A final copepodite stage V preadult leaves the host and moults into a non-feeding, reproductive planktonic adult. The taxonomy of Monstrilloid copepods has been historically complex. The current list of species of Brazilian Monstrilloida is available from the “Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil” website (CTFB), an on-line database with taxonomic information on the species known to occur in Brazil. Based on current taxonomical contributions, a total of 14 valid nominal species of Monstrilloida have been recorded from Brazil, including six endemic species (43%). Species of Cymbasoma (five species: 36%) and Monstrilla (six species: 43%) total up to 78% of the Brazilian monstrilloid species diversity. Monstrillopsis and Caromiobenella are both represented by three species. Records of Monstrilloida are concentrated in the East, Southeast, and Northeast regions of the country, with an absence of records for the Rio Grande region. The records of Monstrilloid copepods should be revised in the light of evidence suggesting that widespread nominal species like Cymbasoma longispinosum Bourne, 1890, Cymbasoma rigidum Thompson I.C., 1888, Monstrillopsis dubia (Scott T., 1904), and Monstrilla grandis Giesbrecht, 1891 probably represent species complexes. A better knowledge of the taxonomy, distribution, and biology of the Brazilian Monstrilloida taxa is important to support their conservation. The revision of previous records, the occurrence of species complexes among the Brazilian monstrilloid fauna, the discovery of hosts, and reliably matching males and females of monstrilloids are pending assignments to significantly improve our knowledge of the group. i.e., ie i e (i.e. polychaetes molluscs stages nonfeeding, nonfeeding non feeding, feeding non-feeding adult complex Catálogo Brasil CTFB, CTFB , (CTFB) online line Brazil contributions 1 43%. 43 43% . (43%) five 36% 36 78 diversity East Southeast country region Bourne 1890 IC I C I.C. 1888 Scott T T. 1904, 1904 1904) Giesbrecht 189 distribution conservation fauna hosts group i.e. (i.e (CTFB 4 (43% 3 7 I.C 188 190 18 i.e (43 19 (4 (

Abstract Despite being an important component of the freshwater ecosystems and an important factor controlling wild fish populations, Amazonian fish parasites have been poorly studied. Here, we analyzed the fauna of metazoan parasites from 10 detritivorous and omnivorous fish species from Amapá Lake in the western Amazon. Of 159 fish specimens examined, 73.6% were parasitized by one or more species of metazoan parasites. A total of 5,260 parasites (24 Monogenea, 14 Nematoda, 10 Digenea, 2 Acanthocephala, and 6 Crustacea) were identified. Aggregated dispersion pattern of parasites was observed. There was a predominance of endohelminth species that presented a similar pattern regarding the level of component communities (i.e., a low species number, low diversity and dominance of a single species, mainly the digeneans and nematodes in their larval stages). Five species of parasites presented correlation with the body size of the hosts. In the fish community, the presence of endoparasites in the larval and adult stages suggests that these are intermediate, paratenic and definitive hosts, reflecting their detritivorous or omnivorous feeding habits. The trophic level and diet had an influence on the structuring of endohelminth communities and infracommunities. Lastly, 38% of the metazoan parasite species were new records for examined hosts. populations studied Here 1 Amazon 15 736 73 73.6 5260 5 260 5,26 24 (2 Monogenea Nematoda Digenea Acanthocephala Crustacea identified observed i.e., ie i e (i.e. number stages. . stages) hosts community intermediate habits infracommunities Lastly 38 7 73. 526 26 5,2 ( i.e. (i.e 3 52 5, i.e

Resumo Apesar de ser um importante componente dos ecossistemas de água doce e um importante fator controlador das populações naturais de peixes, os parasitos de peixes amazônicos ainda são pouco estudados. Foi analisada a fauna de parasitos metazoários em 10 espécies de peixes detritívoros e onívoros do Lago Amapá na Amazônia ocidental. Dos 159 espécimes de peixes examinados, 73,6% estavam parasitados por uma ou mais espécies de parasitos metazoários. Um total de 5.260 parasitos (24 Monogenea, 14 Nematoda, 10 Digenea, 2 Acanthocephala e 6 Crustacea) foram identificados. Houve um padrão de dispersão agregado de parasitos. Houve predominância de espécies de endohelmintos que apresentaram padrão semelhante quanto ao nível de comunidades componentes, ou seja, baixo número de espécies, baixa diversidade e dominância de uma única espécie, principalmente os digenéticos e nematoides em estágio larval. Cinco espécies de parasitos apresentaram correlação com o tamanho corporal dos hospedeiros. Na comunidade de peixes, a presença de endoparasitos em fase larval e adulta sugere que esses são hospedeiros intermediários, paratênicos e definitivos, refletindo seus hábitos alimentares detritívoros ou onívoros. O nível trófico e dieta influenciaram na estruturação das comunidades e infracomunidades de endohelmintos. Por fim, 38% das espécies de parasitos metazoários foram novos registros para os hospedeiros examinados. estudados 1 ocidental 15 examinados 736 73 73,6 5260 5 260 5.26 24 (2 Monogenea Nematoda Digenea Crustacea identificados componentes seja espécie intermediários definitivos fim 38 7 73, 526 26 5.2 ( 3 52 5.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess population and reproductive aspects of the ampithoid amphipod Cymadusa filosa Savigny, 1816 in a region with pollution by petrogenic hydrocarbons. Sampling of Sargassum furcatum Kützing, 1843 fronds and the associated fauna was conducted in March, September and December 2007 and February 2008, on four rocky shores located on São Sebastião Island, southeastern Brazil. A total of 1372 specimens of C. filosa were recorded, including 934 juveniles, 274 females (60 ovigerous) and 164 males. Population mean density ranged from 1.27 to 6.40 ind/g with higher mean values in March 2007 and lower in December 2007 and February 2008. The total body length of males varied from 4.11 to 20.75 mm and of females from 3.58 to 20.22 mm. No significant difference was detected between male and female body length. The overall sex ratio significantly differed from 1:1 proportion and was skewed toward females (0.60:1). Ovigerous females occurred in higher proportion in February 2008 and presented mean fecundity of 26.01 ± 1.84 eggs/female (mean ± se), with great variation in the number of eggs found in the marsupium (between 1 and 56). Fecundity increased significantly with increasing female body length. The C. filosa population structure and reproduction were similar to those of populations in other locations, in Brazil and abroad indicating that pollution by petrogenic hydrocarbons in the São Sebastião Channel did not affect the population parameters of C. filosa in this region. Savigny 181 Kützing 184 200 Island 137 C recorded 93 juveniles 27 60 (6 ovigerous 16 127 1.2 640 6 40 6.4 indg ind g 411 4 11 4.1 2075 20 75 20.7 358 3 58 3.5 2022 22 20.2 1: 0.601. 0601 0.60 . 0 (0.60:1) 2601 26 01 26.0 84 1.8 eggsfemale se, se , se) 56. 56 56) locations 18 13 9 2 ( 12 1. 64 6. 41 4. 207 7 20. 35 5 3. 202 601 0.601 060 0.6 (0.60:1 260 26. 8 06 0. (0.60: (0.60 (0.6 (0. (0

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar aspectos populacionais e reprodutivos do anfípode ampitoídeo Cymadusa filosa Savigny, 1816 em uma região com poluição por hidrocarbonetos petrogênicos. Amostragens de frondes de Sargassum furcatum e da fauna associada foram realizadas em março, setembro e dezembro de 2007 e fevereiro de 2008, em quatro costões rochosos localizados na Ilha de São Sebastião, sudeste do Brasil. Um total de 1372 espécimes de C. filosa foi registrado, incluindo 934 juvenis, 274 fêmeas (60 ovígeras) e 164 machos. A densidade populacional média variou de 1,27 a 6,40 ind/g, com valores médios maiores em março de 2007 e menores em dezembro de 2007 e fevereiro de 2008. O comprimento corporal total dos machos variou de 4,11 a 20,75 mm e das fêmeas de 3,58 a 20,22 mm. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi detectada entre o tamanho do corpo de machos e fêmeas. A razão sexual geral diferiu significativamente da proporção de 1:1 e foi desviada para as fêmeas (0,60:1). Fêmeas ovígeras ocorreram em maior proporção em fevereiro de 2008 e apresentaram fecundidade média de 26,01 ± 1,84 ovos/fêmea (média ± erro padrão), com grande variação no número de ovos encontrados no marsúpio (entre 1 e 56). A fecundidade aumentou significativamente com o aumento do comprimento corporal das fêmeas. A estrutura populacional e a reprodução de C. filosa foram semelhantes às de populações de outras localidades no Brasil e no exterior, indicando que a poluição por hidrocarbonetos petrogênicos no Canal de São Sebastião não afetou os parâmetros populacionais de C. filosa nesta região. Savigny 181 200 137 C registrado 93 juvenis 27 60 (6 16 127 1,2 640 6 40 6,4 indg ind g ind/g 411 4 11 4,1 2075 20 75 20,7 358 3 58 3,5 2022 22 20,2 1: 0,601. 0601 0,60 . 0 (0,60:1) 2601 26 01 26,0 184 84 1,8 ovosfêmea fêmea padrão, padrão , padrão) 56. 56 56) exterior 18 13 9 2 ( 12 1, 64 6, 41 4, 207 7 20, 35 5 3, 202 601 0,601 060 0,6 (0,60:1 260 26, 8 06 0, (0,60: (0,60 (0,6 (0, (0

Abstract High infestations of epibiont ciliates on vertebrates or invertebrates are normally related to aquaculture tanks or similar environments, and the importance of this relationship in natural habitats is often disregarded. Here, we describe the first record of high infestation of ciliates on Aegla serrana in South America and conduct a brief morphological and phylogenetic characterization of these ciliates. Our findings confirm that cases of high infestation of ciliates on metazoans can indeed occur in natural environments. environments disregarded Here

Abstract Heterochely is an important phenomenon in decapod crustaceans. Nevertheless, it was rarely examined in freshwater crayfish. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate cheliped loss and abnormalities of the narrow-clawed crayfish, Pontastacus leptodactylus. The crayfish samples were captured using 17 mm mesh-sized fyke-nets from Atikhisar Reservoir in Çanakkale, Turkey between July 2020 and June 2021. The cheliped loss was classified and compared between sexes and length groups. The cheliped surface was calculated for each specimen for both the right and left cheliped. Results of the study indicate that the percentages of the sampled individuals were 5.46% for the right cheliped missing group, 5.23% for the left cheliped missing group, 10.37% for both chelipeds missing group, and 78.94% for both chelipeds present group. There was a statistical difference between cheliped loss and size groups (p < 0.05). Although cheliped loss is almost non-existent in low-size groups (10.0-29.9 mm), it reaches high values in the 40.0-69.9 mm size groups. The most intense loss occurs in the 40.0-49.9 and 50.0-59.9 mm size groups. It was determined that 10.69% of the sampled individuals examined had a single cheliped (10.03% female, 11.14% male). A statistically significant difference was found between cheliped loss and sex (p < 0.05). The percentage of female and male individuals with no chelipeds is 9.83% for females and 10.73% for males, and with both chelipeds it is 80.14% for females and 78.14% for males. While the number of abnormalities observed in chelipeds was higher in males, abnormalities in both chelipeds were higher in females. Moreover, it was found that cheliped loss significantly differed according to the months of collection (p < 0.05). Cheliped losses increased in July, August, and September when feeding was comparatively intense. In conclusion, the fact that the individuals were obtained alive, was an indication that the abnormalities detected did not significantly affect their vital activities directly. However, morphological abnormalities in the appendages, especially in the chelipeds, may impair their functional use compared to a healthy cheliped. This abnormal condition is assumed to share the disadvantageous limitations experienced by the absence of a cheliped. crustaceans Nevertheless Therefore narrowclawed narrow clawed leptodactylus 1 meshsized mesh sized fykenets fyke nets Çanakkale 202 2021 546 5 46 5.46 group 523 23 5.23 1037 10 37 10.37 7894 78 94 78.94 p 0.05. 005 0.05 . 0 05 0.05) nonexistent non existent lowsize low 10.029.9 100299 10.0 29.9 29 9 (10.0-29. mm, , mm) 40.069.9 400699 40.0 69.9 40 69 40.0-69. 40.049.9 400499 49.9 49 40.0-49. 50.059.9 500599 50.0 59.9 50 59 50.0-59. 1069 10.69 10.03% 1003 03 (10.03 1114 11 14 11.14 male. male) 983 83 9.83 1073 73 10.73 males 8014 80 80.14 7814 78.14 Moreover August conclusion alive directly However appendages 20 54 4 5.4 52 2 5.2 103 3 10.3 789 7 78.9 00 0.0 029 10.029. 10029 100 10. 299 29. (10.0-29 069 40.069. 40069 400 40. 699 69. 6 40.0-69 049 40.049. 40049 499 49. 40.0-49 059 50.059. 50059 500 50. 599 59. 50.0-59 106 10.6 10.03 (10.0 111 11.1 98 8 9.8 107 10.7 801 80.1 781 78.1 5. 78. 0. 02 10.029 1002 (10.0-2 06 40.069 4006 40.0-6 04 40.049 4004 40.0-4 50.059 5005 50.0-5 (10. 11. 9. 80. 10.02 (10.0- 40.06 40.0- 40.04 50.05 50.0- (10 (1 (

RESUMO Neste trabalho foram analisadas a biologia populacional e aspectos reprodutivos de duas espécies simpátricas de Hyalella em uma nascente encontrada na região noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas por uma pessoa durante dez minutos com puçá no período de um ano (Março/2018 a Abril/2019) e transportadas ao laboratório. Todos os indivíduos amostrados foram sexados, mensurados e separados por classes de tamanho de comprimento do cefalotórax (CC). Hyalella gauchensis Streck & Castiglioni, 2017 foi 22,7 vezes mais frequente e apresentou comprimento do cefalotórax médio significativamente superior a Hyalella longipropodus Limberger, Graichen & Castiglioni, 2021. Machos apresentaram maior tamanho corpóreo (CC) que as fêmeas, embora ocorram em menor número em ambas as espécies. A distribuição de frequência total em classes de tamanho de CC foi bimodal em machos e juvenis e polimodal em fêmeas de H. gauchensis. Em H. longipropodus a distribuição foi bimodal em machos, fêmeas e juvenis. Tanto H. gauchensis quanto H. longipropodus tiveram seu pico reprodutivo e de recrutamento durante as estações mais frias do ano (outono e inverno, respectivamente), entretanto, houve separação temporal sazonal dos picos de intensidade entre as duas espécies, o que poderia indicar diferentes estratégias e/ou adaptações evolutivas para a coexistência das mesmas. Sul Brasil Março/2018 Março2018 Março 2018 (Março/201 Abril/2019 Abril2019 Abril 2019 laboratório sexados CC. . Castiglioni 201 227 22 7 22, Limberger 2021 (CC H outono inverno respectivamente, respectivamente , respectivamente) entretanto eou ou mesmas Março/201 Março201 (Março/20 Abril/201 Abril201 20 2 202 Março/20 Março20 (Março/2 Abril/20 Abril20 Março/2 Março2 (Março/ Abril/2 Abril2 Março/ (Março Abril/

ABSTRACT In this work, the population dynamics and reproductive aspects of two sympatric Hyalella species in a river spring were analyzed in the northwestern state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The samplings were performed by one person, for ten minutes and using a hand net for one-year period (March 2018 to April 2019) and transported to the laboratory. All individuals sampled were sexed, measured, and separated by cephalothorax length (CC) size classes. Hyalella gauchensis Streck & Castiglioni, 2017 was 22.7 times more frequent and showed significantly greater mean cephalothorax when compared to Hyalella longipropodus Limberger, Graichen & Castiglioni, 2021. Males had a larger body size (CC) than females, although they occur in smaller numbers in both species. The total frequency distribution in CC size classes was bimodal in males and juveniles, and polimodal in females of H. gauchensis. In H. longipropodus the distribution as bimodal in males, females and juveniles. Both H. gauchensis and H. longipropodus had their breeding season and recruitment during the colder seasons of the year (fall and winter, respectively). However, there was a seasonal temporal separation of the intensity peaks between the two species, which could indicate different strategies and/or evolutionary adaptations for their coexistence. work Sul Brazil person oneyear March 201 2019 laboratory sexed measured (CC Castiglioni 227 22 7 22. Limberger 2021 juveniles H fall winter respectively. respectively . respectively) However andor or coexistence 20 2 202

Abstract The poorly known xanthiform crab Pilumnus palmeri Garth, 1986, is known only from two poorly preserved specimens collected from Ecuador. Garth had only provisionally placed the species in Pilumnus Leach, 1816, and it was subsequently referred to a new genus, Garthopilumnus Števčić, 2011 and a new family Garthopilumnidae Števčić, 2011. Garthopilumnus currently sits as a valid genus within Pilumnidae Samouelle, 1819. A re-examination of the holotype male, now in poor condition, shows that it is a juvenile, and key aspects of the original figure of the species given in the account of the type are inaccurate. Given the incompleteness and immaturity of available material, we could not confidently assign the species to an existing family, but we are also not convinced a new family for the species is warranted. The morphological features of Garthopilumnus palmeri suggest it is a member of the Portunoidea, where we provisionally place it. 1986 Ecuador Leach 1816 Števčić 201 Samouelle 1819 reexamination re examination male condition juvenile inaccurate material warranted Portunoidea 198 181 20 19 18 2 1

Resumo Este estudo descreve e ilustra a biodiversidade de macroinvertebrados associados a habitats de macroalgas pardas marinhas dos gêneros Sargassum e Dictyota no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, a maior Área Marinha Protegida (AMP) do estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. As assembleias foram amostradas durante os verões de 2018, 2019 e 2020 e no inverno de 2018 em dois locais na ilha principal. As macroalgas contendo a fauna associada foram coletadas a aproximadamente 10 metros de profundidade, com seis amostras em cada local e em cada campanha amostral. Frondes de Sargassum predominaram nas coletas de verão, enquanto estiveram ausentes nas campanhas de inverno, quando Dictyota foram predominantes. Entre os invertebrados, 32 espécies foram encontradas exclusivamente nos meses de verão, associadas aos bancos de Sargassum, enquanto 12 espécies foram registradas apenas na coleta de inverno, em associação com Dictyota. No total, foram identificadas 91 espécies, pertencentes a 60 famílias, 19 ordens, 7 classes e 3 filos, incluindo Arthropoda (Malacostraca e Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia e Polyplacophora) e Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea e Echinoidea). Das 91 espécies encontradas, 73 espécies são novos registos para a área marinha do arquipélago de Alcatrazes, revelando assim a expressiva biodiversidade de invertebrados que vivem em associação com bancos de macroalgas naquela área ainda pouco explorada. Nenhuma diferença significativa de diversidade de espécies foi encontrada entre os dois locais de Alcatrazes. Além disso, foram encontrados poucos exemplares de duas espécies invasoras: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) e Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), o que ressalta a importância do monitoramento de diferentes habitats dentro das AMPs para verificar possíveis alterações na fauna ao longo dos anos. Até onde sabemos, este é o primeiro inventário ilustrado da fauna de macroinvertebrados associados a algas marinhas no Arquipélago de Alcatrazes, uma das maiores AMPs da costa brasileira; além de desvendar a sua notória biodiversidade, pode servir de referência para futuro monitoramento da diversidade costeira local. Alcatrazes AMP (AMP Paulo Brasil 201 202 principal 1 profundidade amostral verão predominantes total 9 6 famílias ordens filos Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) explorada disso invasoras (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) anos sabemos brasileira 20 2

Abstract This study describes and illustrates the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates associated to Sargassum and Dictyota seaweed habitats in the Alcatrazes archipelago, the largest Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil. Assemblages were sampled during the summers of 2018, 2019 and 2020 and winter of 2018 at two sites on the main island. Macroalgae containing the associated fauna were collected at approximately 10 meters deep, with six samples at each site and in each sampling campaign. Sargassum fronds prevailed during summer collections, whilst were absent in the winter campaigns, when Dictyota was the most frequent seaweed. Among invertebrates, 32 species were exclusively found on summer months, associated to Sargassum beds, while 12 species were only registered on winter collection, in association with Dictyota. In total, 91 species were identified, belonging to 60 families, 19 orders, 7 classes and 3 phyla, including Arthropoda (Malacostraca and Pycnogonida), Mollusca (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polyplacophora), and Echinodermata (Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea). Among the 91 species found, 73 species are new records for the Alcatrazes archipelago marine area, thus revealing the expressive invertebrate biodiversity living in association with macroalgae beds in that area, which has still been little explored. No significant difference in species diversity was found between the two sites of Alcatrazes. In addition, few specimens of two invasive species were found: Perna perna (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and Ophiothela mirabilis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea), which underscores the importance of monitoring different habitats within MPAs to check for possible changes in the fauna over the years. As far as our knowledge, this is the first illustrated inventory of the seaweed-associated macroinvertebrate fauna within the Alcatrazes Archipelago, one of the largest MPAs in the Brazilian coast; besides unravelling its notorious biodiversity, this can act as a reference for future monitoring of local coastal diversity. MPA (MPA Paulo Brazil 201 202 island 1 deep campaign collections campaigns invertebrates months collection total 9 identified 6 families orders phyla Malacostraca Pycnogonida, Pycnogonida , Pycnogonida) Gastropoda, Gastropoda (Gastropoda Polyplacophora, Polyplacophora Polyplacophora) Ophiuroidea Echinoidea. Echinoidea . Echinoidea) area explored addition (Mollusca (Echinodermata Ophiuroidea, Ophiuroidea) years knowledge seaweedassociated Archipelago coast 20 2

Abstract This study investigated the spatial distribution, parasite interactions, and affinities of Branchiura parasites according to macrohabitat and surface type on fish from the Araguari River, Amapá State, in the Brazilian Amazon. This study presents novel information on the interactions of branchiuran species with host fish, and how the morphology of their attachment structures is associated with different host surface morphologies, with and without scales. A total of 558 fish specimens of 26 species were collected, of which 109 fish (10 species) were parasitized by at least one branchiuran parasite; these were selected for further study. The parasites were collected from the buccal cavity, gills, fins, and integument of the host fish. Parasites with suction discs (Argulus) were mainly associated to hosts with small scales and no scales, while parasites with hooks (Dolops) were mainly associated to hosts with large scales. Overall, parasites with suction discs were more specialized per site than those with hooks. distribution River State Amazon morphologies 55 2 10 (1 cavity gills fins Argulus (Argulus Dolops (Dolops Overall 5 1 (

Abstract: Amphipods are present in almost all marine and estuarine ecosystems around the world. In Cuba, the members of this group of invertebrates have been highly studied in terms of their systematics. However, the total species inventory and its taxonomic diversity, as well as the incidence of the habitats in which these organisms develop have not yet been surveyed. The complete inventory of species to date is presented for the first time and the taxonomic diversity of the group is analyzed. The possible impact of habitat on the taxonomic diversity of these organisms was also evaluated. A database was created from lists of amphipod species published in the scientific literature, as well as donations of specimens collected in various areas of the marine shelf by students and colleagues, containing species occurrence and distribution data. The completeness of the inventory was assured by species accumulation curves from non-parametric estimators. Taxonomic diversity was estimated with the average taxonomic distinctiveness indices (Delta+) and its variation (Lambda+). To date, 200 species of marine amphipods have been registered, which were distributed in four suborders, 13 parvordenes, 27 superfamilies, 57 families and 109 genera, with a total inventory of 67.2%. Average taxonomic distinctiveness for the Cuban marine shelf was 77.6 and the variation was 204. Habitats did not affect the average taxonomic distinctiveness, but it did affect its variation. It is recommended to continue the systematic studies of the group, and go deeper in investigations of its ecology.

Resumen: Los anfípodos están presentes en casi todos los ecosistemas marinos y estuarinos del mundo. En Cuba, es uno de los grupos de invertebrados mejor conocidos en cuanto a su sistemática. Sin embargo, un inventario completo de especies y su diversidad taxonómica, así como la incidencia de los hábitats en los cuales se desarrollan estos organismos, aún no han sido estudiados. En el presente trabajo se presentó la totalidad de las especies inventariadas hasta la fecha. Se analizó además la diversidad taxonómica del grupo y la posible incidencia del hábitat sobre ésta. Se conformó una base de datos a partir de las listas de especies de anfípodos publicadas en la literatura científica, así como donaciones de especímenes recolectados en varias zonas de la plataforma marina por estudiantes y colegas, conteniendo datos de presencia y distribución de las especies. La verificación de logro para obtener el inventario completo se obtuvo mediante curvas de acumulación de especies, a partir de estimadores no paramétricos. La diversidad taxonómica se estimó con los índices de distinción taxonómica promedio (Delta+) y su variación (Lambda+). Hasta la fecha, se han registrado 200 especies de anfípodos marinos, que se distribuyeron en cuatro subórdenes, 13 parvordenes, 27 superfamilias, 57 familias y 109 géneros, para una totalidad del inventario del 67,2%. La distinción taxonómica promedio para la plataforma marina cubana fue de 77,6 y su variación de 204. Los hábitats no afectaron a la distinción taxonómica promedio, pero si a su variación. Se recomienda continuar los estudios sistemáticos del grupo, y profundizar en las investigaciones de su ecología.

ABSTRACT Background. In 1985, as part of a global project within the “Secretaría de Marina” and continued in the “Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México” and in “Estudio y Conservación de la Naturaleza, A. C.”, a collection series of stomatopods and decapods crustaceans that inhabit the coral reefs of the East coast of Mexico began. Objective. Provide an updated inventory and analysis of species richness on 12 reefs for the two orders of crustaceans. Method. Manual collection, dredges, free and autonomous diving. Review of national and international collections and bibliographic records. Results. The 12 coral reefs studied are geographically distributed in four groups: northern Veracruz (97 species), central Veracruz (194 species), Campeche (130 species), and Yucatán (196 species). Twelve species, six genera, and five families are recognized for the stomatopods, and 314 species, 155 genera, and 55 families for the decapods. The family with the highest richness was the Alpheidae, with 53 species (due to the plasticity of occupying various available habitats in the reefs and by establishing symbiosis with other taxa), followed by Palaemonidae shrimps (29 species) and the spider crabs of the Mithracidae family (18 species). The Portunidae family (swimming crabs) presented 16 species, followed by porcelain crabs (15 species) and xanthoidean crabs (13 species). Twenty families presented only one species. Some species are considered “species in transit” such as Latreutes fucorum, Latreutes parvulus, and Portunus sayi, which were found to be associated with Sargassum spp. Conclusions. There is no doubt that the inventory of species of the Mexican reefs of the East coast will increase considerably by making a greater sampling effort at different tide phases and times of the year and sampling in specific habitats for certain species.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. En 1985, dentro de un proyecto global de la Secretaría de Marina y continuado en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y en Estudio y Conservación de la Naturaleza, A. C., se inició una serie de recolectas de los crustáceos estomatópodos y decápodos que habitan en los arrecifes de coral de la costa este de México. Objetivo. Proveer un inventario actualizado y análisis de la riqueza de especies en 12 arrecifes para los dos órdenes de crustáceos. Métodos. Recolectas manuales, dragas, buceo libre y autónomo. Revisión de colecciones nacionales e internacionales y registros bibliográficos. Resultados. Los 12 arrecifes de coral estudiados están geográficamente distribuidos en cuatro grupos: Veracruz norte (97 especies), Veracruz centro (194 especies), Campeche (130 especies) y Yucatán (196 especies). Se reconocieron 12 especies, seis géneros y cinco familias para los estomatópodos y 314 especies, 155 géneros y 55 familias para los decápodos. La familia con la mayor riqueza fue Alpheidae con 53 especies (debido a la plasticidad de ocupar diversos hábitats disponibles en los arrecifes y al establecer simbiosis con otros taxones), seguido por los camarones Palaemonidae (29 especies) y los cangrejos araña de la familia Mithracidae (18 especies). La familia Portunidae (jaibas) presentó 16 especies, seguido de los cangrejos porcelánidos (15 especies) y los cangrejos xanthoideos (13 especies). Veinte familias presentaron solo una especie. Algunas especies son consideradas “especies en tránsito” como Latreutes fucorum, Latreutes parvulus y Portunus sayi, las cuales se encontraron asociadas a Sargassum spp. Conclusiones. Indudablemente el inventario de especies de los arrecifes coralinos mexicanos de la costa este, aumentará al efectuar un mayor esfuerzo de muestreo en diferentes fases de marea y épocas del año; así como, muestreos en los hábitats específicos para determinadas especies.

ABSTRACT The inland waters in the Andes Mountains in the extreme north of Chile are in a zone with a marked arid climate in the called Atacama Desert (23° S, Antofagasta region, Chile) that has sporadic rains mainly in January or February (summer rains/Altiplano winter), many of these water bodies have high mineral contents due high mineral contents, and low species diversity (mainly crustacea and insecta). The present study aims to do a comparative analysis of inland water crustaceans in different kinds of water bodies in the surroundings of San Pedro de Atacama and Salar de Atacama in the north of Chile using co-occurrence null model analysis. The results revealed a scarce species richness and random species associations due to the lack of a structured pattern and many recurring species in the studied sites. Species reported, and species associations agree with literature descriptions. Nevertheless, more ecological studies would be necessary to understand the community patterns in these water bodies.

RESUMEN Los cuerpos de agua en la cordillera de los Andes del extremo norte de Chile están en una zona con un clima árido marcado en el denominado Desierto de Atacama (23° S, Región de Antofagasta, Chile), que tiene lluvias esporádicas en enero o febrero (lluvias estivales/invierno altiplánico), muchos de estos cuerpos de agua tienen alto contenido de minerales y baja riqueza de especies (principalmente crustáceos e insectos). El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar un análisis comparativo de los crustáceos de aguas continentales en diferentes tipos de cuerpos de agua en los alrededores de San Pedro de Atacama y del Salar de Atacama en el norte de Chile usando análisis de modelos nulos de co-ocurrencia de especies. Los resultados revelaron que hay baja riqueza de especies y que las asociaciones de estas son aleatorias, debido a la carencia de un patrón estructurado, por la presencia de muchas especies repetidas en los sitios estudiados. Las especies reportadas y las asociaciones de especies reportadas concuerdan con los antecedentes de la literatura. No obstante, serían necesario más estudios ecológicos para comprender los patrones comunitarios en estos cuerpos de agua.