ABSTRACT Pemphredoninae are a very large lineage of crabronid wasps with more than a thousand species. In this lineage, the subtribe Spilomenina stand out for containing the smallest apoid wasps and by exhibiting relatively complex social behavior such as female nest-sharing and even eusocial colonies. One of the most conspicuous features of this subtribe, and which seems to be associated with its social behavior, is the presence of silk spinnerets that are used for lining and nest building. In the present study, we conducted Bayesian inference and parsimony analyses with a subset of a previously established morphological data matrix of Pemphredoninae. Our phylogenetic results indicate that Spilomena subterranea McCoquodale & Naumann, 1988, an Australian spilomenine species that presents nest-sharing behavior but lacking silk apparatus represents an independent lineage, recognized here in a new genus, Australomena gen. nov. Our results indicate that Australomena gen. nov. is sister group of the remaining Spilomenina (Arpactophilus, Microstigmus, Spilomena and Xysma). The females of Australomena gen. nov. shows clear adaptations for ground nesting, such as a pygidial plate and basitibial plates on the hind legs, that means that nest-sharing behavior arose very early in Spilomenina evolution, apparently long before the emergence of the silk apparatus. nestsharing sharing colonies building study Naumann 1988 genus gen nov Arpactophilus, Arpactophilus (Arpactophilus Microstigmus Xysma. Xysma . Xysma) nesting legs evolution 198 19 1

Resumen La familia Crabronidae (orden Hymenoptera) incluye avispas excavadoras y cazadoras de más de 9.009 especies dentro de 249 géneros que se distribuyen globalmente, especialmente en los trópicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue mejorar el conocimiento de la ocurrencia de la familia Crabronidae en México a partir de una revisión de la literatura científica y aporta datos sobre especies de importancia en el control biológico. Los resultados revelaron que en México se han reportado 769 especies que representan 99 géneros. Con la revisión actual, se identificó que el 8.5% de las especies conocidas a nivel mundial están presentes en el país y la lista de especies se incrementó en un 32%. Los géneros Cerceris y Trypoxylon tienen el mayor número de especies, 130 y 58 especies, respectivamente. Los estados mexicanos de Baja California Norte, Sonora y Tamaulipas reportaron el mayor número de especies de Crabronidae. Se agregaron un total de 211 especies a la lista de Crabronidae en México. Se reconocieron doce géneros y ocho especies de Crabronidae utilizados como agentes de control biológico en diversas plagas. Se sugiere realizar más investigaciones sobre la diversidad de este grupo de insectos, dada la importancia que los crabónidos tienen como depredadores y enemigos naturales de insectos plaga que afectan cultivos de importancia económica.

Abstract The family Crabronidae (order Hymenoptera) includes excavating and hunting wasps of more than 9,009 species within 249 genera that are distributed globally, especially in the tropics. The objective of this research was to improve the knowledge of the occurrence of the family Crabronidae in Mexico from a review of the scientific literature and to provide data on species of importance in biological control. The results revealed that 769 species representing 99 genera have been reported in Mexico. With the current review, 8.5% of the species known worldwide were found to be present in the country and the list of species was increased by 32%. The genus Cerceris and Trypoxylon had the highest number of species, 130 species and 58 species, respectively. The Mexican states of Baja California Norte, Sonora and Tamaulipas have the highest number of Crabronidae species. A total of 211 species were added to the list of Crabronidae in Mexico. Twelve genera and eight species of Crabronidae used as biological control agents of various pests were recognized. Further research on the diversity of this group of insects is suggested, given the importance that crabonids have as predators and natural enemies of insect pests that affect economically important crops.

Abstract: Urban trees are a source of food resources, habitat and refuge for the biodiversity that occurs in cities. However, the taxonomic identity and status of each plant species as native and / or exotic of in an ecosystem influences its interactions with biodiversity. Wasps are one of the main insects present in terrestrial ecosystems, including urban ecosystems, as components of their biodiversity, playing an important role as biocontrol agents (predators and parasitoids) of populations of other insects associated with urban flora or as phytophagous. Seeking to deepen into the knowledge of the diversity of wasps in the city of Bogotá and their ecological interactions, in this study the diversity of wasps associated with three native and three exotic species frequently in urban parks of the city was evaluated. In total, 22 wasp families and 227 morphospecies were identified. The families Bethylidae, Chalcididae and Crabronidae are recorded for the first time in Bogotá. On the other part, the families Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae were the ones that contributed with the most richness and abundance in this study. Regarding their association with the evaluated plant species, a greater diversity of morphospecies associated with native tree species was found, however, there is an effect of the taxonomic identity and the factor park on the results that are discussed. It highlighting the importance of conserving the native urban flora in green spaces of Bogota’s city, in order to maintain and preserve the diversity of wasps principally with parasitoid and predator habits and thus enhance their role as natural biocontrol agents of insects that affect the health of urban trees, at the same time that ecological processes and functionality of this urban ecosystem would be stimulated.

Resumen: El arbolado urbano es fuente de recursos alimenticios, hábitat y refugio para la biodiversidad que ocurre en las ciudades. No obstante, la identidad taxonómica y el estatus de cada especie de planta como nativa y/o exótica de un ecosistema influencia sus interacciones con la biodiversidad. Las avispas son uno de los principales insectos presentes en los ecosistemas terrestres, incluyendo el urbano, como componentes de su biodiversidad, ejerciendo un rol importante como controladores biológicos (parasitoides y depredadores) de las poblaciones de otros insectos asociados a la flora urbana o como fitófagos. Buscando profundizar en el conocimiento de la diversidad de avispas en la ciudad de Bogotá y sus interacciones ecológicas, en este estudio se evaluó la diversidad de avispas asociadas a tres especies arbóreas nativas y tres exóticas frecuentes en los parques urbanos de la ciudad. En total se identificaron 22 familias de avispas y 227 morfoespecies. Las familias Bethylidae, Chalcididae y Crabronidae se registran por primera vez en Bogotá. Por su parte, las familias Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae y Braconidae fueron las que aportaron la mayor riqueza y abundancia en este estudio. Con respecto a su asociación con las especies vegetales evaluadas, se encontró una mayor diversidad de morfoespecies asociadas a las especies arbóreas nativas, sin embargo, hay un efecto de la identidad taxonómica de la especie y la variable parque sobre los resultados encontrados que se discuten. Se resalta la importancia de conservar la flora nativa en los espacios verdes de la ciudad de Bogotá, con el fin de mantener y conservar la diversidad de avispas principalmente de hábitos parasitoides y depredadores y así potencializar su rol como biocontroladores naturales de los insectos que afectan la salud del arbolado urbano, al mismo tiempo que se dinamizarían los procesos ecológicos y funcionalidad de este ecosistema urbano.

This study exposes first results about the influence of habitat management with native vegetation on the ecosystem services offered by pollinators and pest controller insects, in vineyards of Mendoza, Argentina. The work was carried out in three vineyards located in Gualtallary, department of Tupungato, which present biological corridors and inter-row coverings with different proportions of native vegetation. In order to determine relevant groups of beneficial insects present, samples with entomological net were taken in corridors and vineyards. The specimens captured were identified and richness, diversity and abundance of pollinating insects (Apidae, Andrenidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae and Syrphidae) were estimated, as well as of certain groups of predatory insects (Coccinellidae, Nabidae, Reduviidae, Geocoridae, Anthocoridae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Crabronidae and Sphecidae), which were found in those environments. Results suggest that habitat management with intentional provision of native vegetation covers, and particularly with attracting flowering forbs, is potentially efficient to increase biodiversity of the functional groups studied and, therefore, maintain the ecosystem services offered by them.

El presente estudio expone los primeros resultados obtenidos acerca de la influencia del manejo de hábitat con vegetación nativa sobre los servicios ecosistémicos ofrecidos por insectos polinizadores y controladores de plagas, en viñedos de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. El trabajo se realizó en tres viñedos situados en Gualtallary, departamento de Tupungato, los cuales presentan corredores biológicos con diferentes proporciones de vegetación nativa y un manejo del espacio interfilar con coberturas. Con el objetivo de determinar los grupos relevantes de insectos benéficos en corredores y en viñedos, se realizaron muestreos con red entomológica. Se identificaron las especies colectadas y se estimó la riqueza, diversidad y abundancia de insectos polinizadores (Apidae, Andrenidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae y Syrphidae), así como de ciertos grupos de insectos depredadores (Coccinellidae, Nabidae, Reduviidae, Geocoridae, Anthocoridae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Crabronidae y Sphecidae), que se encontraron en esos ambientes. Los resultados sugieren que el manejo de hábitat con provisión intencional de coberturas de vegetación nativa, y en particular de especies con flores atractivas para insectos, es potencialmente eficiente para favorecer la biodiversidad de los grupos funcionales estudiados y, por lo tanto, el mantenimiento de los servicios ecosistémicos ofrecidos por estos.

Abstract This catalogue lists the type specimens of Crabronidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP). The collection includes a total of 83 type specimens (17 holotypes, 66 paratypes), 82 of which belong to nine genera and 35 species of Crabronidae and only one of Sphecidae. All labels contents and additional information obtained from other available sources are presented. High resolution photographs of the primary types are also provided.

Abstract Predatory wasps or hunters are important in ecosystems because they regulate the populations of other insects and spiders. In the state of Yucatán, these insects have been studied very little and in this work, their spatial and temporal diversity was determined in the 2 main vegetation types of Yucatán, low deciduous forest and the medium subcaducifolia forest. The material reviewed comes from Malaise traps placed in areas of vegetation types, which were active one year and from collections with aerial networks. We reviewed 877 individuals belonging to 4 families of predatory wasps (Crabronidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae and Vespidae), 68 species were identified, being Crabronidae the richest family (26) and Pompilidae the most abundant (458 individuals). In the low deciduous forest, the highest abundance and species richness was found (86% and 91%, respectively) than in the medium subcaducifolia forest (48% and 13%). There were no differences in species richness and abundance between seasons of the year but the composition of species had low similarity. Ten new species records were found for Yucatán. Other studies of these wasps are suggested in the neotropics, especially in Mexico, and the importance of their biodiversity in the studied ecosystems is indicated for their conservation and possible use.

Resumen Las avispas depredadoras o cazadoras son importantes en los ecosistemas ya que regulan las poblaciones de otros insectos y arañas. En este trabajo se determinó la diversidad espacial y temporal de avispas depredadoras en los 2 tipos de vegetación principales del estado de Yucatán: selva baja caducifolia y selva mediana subcaducifolia. El material revisado proviene de trampas Malaise colocadas en áreas de los tipos de vegetación, que estuvieron activas 1 año y de recolectas con red aérea. Se revisaron 877 individuos pertenecientes a 4 familias de avispas depredadoras (Crabronidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae y Vespidae), se identificaron 68 especies, siendo Crabronidae la familia con mayor riqueza (26) y Pompilidae la de mayor abundancia (458 individuos). En la selva baja caducifolia se encontró mayor abundancia y riqueza de especies (86% y 91%, respectivamente) que en la selva mediana subcaducifolia (48% y 13%). No hubo diferencias en la riqueza de especies y la abundancia entre temporadas del año, pero la composición de especies tuvo baja similitud. Se encontraron 10 nuevos registros de especies para Yucatán. Se sugieren otros estudios de estas avispas en el neotrópico, en especial en México, y se indica la importancia de su biodiversidad en los ecosistemas estudiados para su conservación y posible uso.

RESUMO Inventários com ninho armadilha são comuns no Brasil, mas muitas fitofisionomias ainda são pouco estudadas. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento de abelhas e vespas que nidificam em armadilhas em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Além disso, testamos as diferenças de nidificação entre transectos, interior e borda. Um total de 1.500 ninhos-armadilha feitos de bambu foi monitorado em dois anos consecutivos. No primeiro ano 46 ninhos foram ocupados por Pachodynerus grandis (19 ninhos), Pachodynerus guadulpensis (19), Centris analis (dois), e Centris tarsata, Megachile fiebrigi, Megachile guaranitica, Megachile susurrans, Trypoxylon sp e Zethus smithii com um ninho cada. Este é o primeiro registro de Z. smithii em ninhos-armadilha, as demais espécies são comumente amostradas em ninhos-armadilha. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas entre os transectos de interior e de borda para riqueza e para taxa de ocupação, mas para composição de espécies houve diferença. No segundo ano 39 ninhos foram ocupados por quatro espécies, três registradas anteriormente, C. analis (sete ninhos), P. guadulpensis e P. grandis (seis ninhos cada), além de Monobia angulosa com 15 ninhos. Parasitóides de quatro famílias e um cleptoparasita foram registrados e a taxa de mortalidade foi maior nas abelhas do que em vespas. Estes registros reforçam a noção de que assembleias de ninhos-armadilha de diferentes estudos não são diretamente comparáveis quanto à riqueza e composição.

ABSTRACT Trap-nesting bee and wasp inventories are common in Brazil but many phytophysiognomies are still poorly studied. The main objective of this study is to survey trap-nesting bees and wasps in a Semidecidual Seasonal Forest fragment. Also, we test the differences on nesting between interior and edge transects. A sum of 1,500 trap nests was made with bamboo cane internodes and two consecutive years were monitored. In the first year 46 nests were occupied by Pachodynerus grandis (19 nests), Pachodynerus guadulpensis (19), Centris analis (two), and Centris tarsata, Megachile fiebrigi, Megachile guaranitica, Megachile susurrans, Trypoxylon sp and Zethus smithii with one nest each. No statistical differences were found between interior and edge transects for richness and occupation rate, but the species composition was different. In the second year 39 nests were occupied by four species, three previously recorded, C. analis (seven nests), P. guadulpensis and P. grandis (six nests each), plus Monobia angulosa with 15 nests. Parasitoids from four families and one cleptoparasite were recorded and the mortality rate was higher in bees than in wasps. These findings reinforce the notion that trap nests assemblages from different studies are not directly comparable for richness and composition.

RESUMO Apresentamos aqui uma lista de espécies de vespas esfeciformes das famílias Ampulicidae, Sphecidae e Crabronidae registradas para o oeste e sudoeste do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul em inventários recentes realizados em 22 pontos amostrais, com principal ênfase na Serra da Bodoquena, contemplando os principais biomas do estado como o Cerrado, a Mata Atlântica e o Chaco Brasileiro. Foram registrados 506 indivíduos distribuídos em 109 espécies e 47 gêneros. Trypoxylon Latreille foi o gênero mais diverso com 155 indivíduos coletados e 12 espécies, sendo o único gênero amostrado em todas as metodologias. Eremnophila binodis (Fabricius, 1798) foi a espécie mais abundante registrada dentre os esfeciformes, com 35 indivíduos coletados. Esta lista acrescenta 83 novos registros de distribuição de espécies dessas vespas no estado, ampliando para 139 espécies de vespas esfeciformes conhecidas para o estado.

ABSTRACT Here we present a species list of spheciformes wasps of the families Ampulicidae, Sphecidae and Crabronidae, registered in west and southwest of the Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The surveys were conducted in 22 sampling points, with emphasis on Serra da Bodoquena region, covering the biomes: Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Chaco. We recorded 506 individuals distributed in 47 genera and 109 species. Trypoxylon Latreille was the most diverse genus with 155 individuals collected and 12 morphospecies, being the only genus sampled in all methodologies. Eremnophila binodis (Fabricius, 1798) was the most abundant species recorded from these wasps with 35 individuals collected. This list adds 83 new records to this wasp’s distribution in the state, expanding to 139 species of wasps spheciformes known to the state.

Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram conhecer a fauna de Hymenoptera associada à cultura da melancia e avaliar a influência das armadilhas Pitfall, Moericke e McPhail na captura desses insetos, em ambiente semiárido no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O levantamento foi realizado entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2011, em área de produção comercial de melancia cv. Crimson Sweet. As coletas dos himenópteros foram realizadas, semanalmente, durante o ciclo da cultura. Para captura dos insetos, foram utilizados três tipos de armadilhas, Pitfall, Moericke e McPhail, na densidade de 20, 20 e 1 armadilha por hectare, respectivamente. As armadilhas foram instaladas sete dias após o plantio das sementes, e mantidas na área até a colheita dos frutos. Foram coletados um total de 3.123 himenópteros pertencentes a 10 superfamílias, distribuídas em 24 famílias. Formicidae foi a mais representativa, com abundância relativa total de 54,43%, seguida por Apidae com 17,96%. Foi observada também a presença de 18 famílias de himenópteros parasitoides (18,89%), com destaque para Platygastridae (6,60%), Encyrtidae (2,79%), Chalcididae (2,56%), Mymaridae (2,56%), Pompilidae (1,15%) e Trichogrammatidae (1,09%). Ressalta-se ainda a ocorrência das famílias de predadores Crabronidae (6,34%), Vespidae (2,24%) e Sphecidae (0,10%). Dentre as armadilhas, Moericke capturou a maior diversidade de Hymenoptera (24 famílias), seguida por Pitfall (11 famílias) e McPhail (sete famílias).

ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to identify the Hymenoptera fauna associated with watermelon crops and assess the influence of Pitfall, Moericke and McPhail traps in capturing these insects in the semiarid environment of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The survey was conducted between the months of August and September, 2011, in a commercial watermelon cv Crimson Sweet production área. The collection of the Hymenoptera was conducted weekly during the crop cycle. To capture the insects, three types of traps were used, Pitfall, Moericke and McPhail, in densities 20, 20 and 1 trap per hectare, respectively. The traps were installed seven days after seeding and maintained in the area until harvest. A total of 3,123 Hymenoptera were collected, belonging to 10 superfamilies, and 24 families. Formicidae was the most representative, with a total relative abundance of 54.43%, followed by Apidae with 17.96%. The presence of 18 families of parasitoids (18.89%) was also observed, notably Platygastridae (6.60%), Encyrtidae (2.79%), Chalcididae (2.56%), Mymaridae (2.56%), Pompilidae (1.15%) and Trichogrammatidae (1.09%). The occurrence of predators from the families Crabronidae (6.34 %), Vespidae (2.24 %) and Sphecidae (0.10%) is noteworthy. Among the traps, Moericke captured the greatest diversity of Hymenoptera (24 families), followed by Pitfall (11 families) and McPhail (seven families) traps.

Abstract Trypoxylon is a genus of solitary crabronid wasps whose population genetics is poorly known. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the genetic variation and differentiation among five populations of Trypoxylon albitarse, a species widely distributed throughout the Neotropics, with records from Panama to northern Argentina. Eight species-specific microsatellite loci were used for genotyping 96 adult wasps (one female per nest) sampled at five sites in Brazil. The analysis of allelic richness and private alleles indicated high genetic diversity in the populations sampled. Pairwise comparisons using the Fst and Dest indices revealed significant differentiation for all, but one pair of populations. Fst, Dest, AMOVA and assignment test values pointed to inter-population differentiation. Additionally, the analysis of population structure using Bayesian and PCA methods characterized two alternative genetic groups. The Mantel test indicated no correlation between genetic and geographic distances. Despite evidence of considerable dispersal capacity for T. albitarse, the data indicate low to moderate population structuring in this species.

This paper provides faunistic information of predatory wasps collected during one year of field work in 6 Natural Protected Areas (NPAs) from the state of Yucatán, Mexico. The results are compared with published information for the state and the similarity was determined in the species composition between NPAs. The study included 1,145 specimens belonging to 4 families, which are deposited in the Entomological Collection Regional Autonomous University of Yucatán. We recorded 78 species and morphospecies; 26 species are new records for Yucatán and the Yucatán Peninsula. Vespidae had the highest number of specimens (68%), followed by Pompilidae (23%), Crabronidae (8%) and Sphecidae (1%). NPAs with the highest number of species were Yalahau and Tabi (43 and 32 species, respectively). Highest similarity was found between NPAs Tabi and Kabah (57%). The results indicate that more studies are needed in order to know the predatory wasps' fauna of tropical areas in Mexico.

En este trabajo se presenta la información faunística de avispas depredadoras, reunida en un año de recolectas en 6 áreas naturales protegidas (ANP) del estado de Yucatán, México. Los resultados se compararon con la información publicada para el estado y se determinó la similitud en la composición de las especies entre las ANP. Se determinaron 1,145 ejemplares pertenecientes a 4 familias, los cuales se encuentran depositados en la Colección Entomológica Regional de la Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Se registraron 78 especies y morfoespecies; 26 especies son nuevos registros para Yucatán y la península de Yucatán. La familia Vespidae fue la mejor representada (68% de los ejemplares), seguida de Pompilidae (23%), Crabronidae (8%) y Sphecidae (1%). Las ANP con el mayor número de especies fueron Yalahau y Tabi (43 y 32 especies, respectivamente). La mayor similitud, en la composición de especies, se encontró entre las ANP Kabah y Tabi (57%). Los resultados indican que se requieren más estudios encaminados a conocer la fauna de avispas depredadoras en la región tropical de México.

A total of 67 species and 23 genera of Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) are recorded from 339 specimens collected in 2.3 ha of a spiny shrub located in "Cañón del Novillo" in Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. The high species richness and diversity index found for this group are comparable with the ones obtained for other hymenopteran taxa from the same locality. Ten new records for Crabronidae are reported for Tamaulipas, increasing to 128 the number of known species of this family of solitary wasps for this state.

Se registran 67 especies y 23 géneros de Crabronidae (Hymenoptera) a partir de 339 ejemplares recolectados en un área de 2.3 ha ubicada en una zona de matorral espinoso del Cañón del Novillo en Victoria, Tamaulipas, México. La alta riqueza de especies e índices de diversidad encontrados para este grupo es comparable con los de otros himenópteros en la misma localidad. Se reportan 10 nuevos registros de Crabronidae para el Estado de Tamaulipas sumando para la entidad 128 especies de esta familia de avispas solitarias.

O comportamento de nidificação é bastante diversificado entre os esfecídeos solitários. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o comportamento de nidificação de Trypoxylon agamemnon, bem como discutir as vantagens do comportamento de guarda dos machos. O estudo foi realizado no Parque Municipal das Araucárias, Guarapuava-PR, Brasil, de outubro de 2003 a julho de 2007. Para descrever o comportamento de T. agamemnon e construir o etograma, foram feitas observações diárias, totalizando 410:19 horas. Embora os machos de T. agamemnon permaneçam constantemente de guarda na entrada do ninho, foi possível concluir que tal comportamento não está promovendo a proteção dos ninhos contra parasitoides e que, provavelmente, sirva para os machos se assegurarem da paternidade; entretanto, estudos com marcadores microssatélites serão necessários para confirmar essa hipótese.

Nesting behaviour is extremely diversified among solitary nesting sphecids. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the nesting behaviour of Trypoxylon agamemnon and discuss the advantages of guarding behaviour of males. It was conducted in the Parque Municipal das Araucárias, Guarapuava (PR), Brazil from October/2003 to July/2007. To describe the behaviour of T. agamemnon and construct its ethogram, daily observations were made, totalling 410:19 hours observation. Although the males of T. agamemnon stand guard close to the entrance of the nests, we concluded that this behaviour is not ensuring the protection of nests against parasitoids and that, probably, this behaviour ensures them the paternity, but further studies with microsatellite markers will be necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi documentar e discutir o padrão temporal de uso de presas por Trypoxylon opacum em dois ambientes diferentes no Sul do Brasil. Ela foi realizada de dezembro de 2001 a dezembro de 2004. Vinte e nove espécies de aranhas pertencentes a cinco famílias foram capturadas por Trypoxylon opacum. Araneidae foi a família mais capturada e foi fortemente representada pelo gênero Eustala. Pelo coeficiente de Bray-Curtis e pela análise de agrupamento, (UPGMA) as aranhas foram divididas em três grupos: o menor deles, incluindo as aranhas mais abundantes na dieta de T. opacum (Alpaida sp2, Bertrana rufostriata, Eustala sp1, Eustala sp2, Eustala sp3 and Eustala sp4); o segundo com as espécies cujas abundâncias foram intermediárias (Alpaida, Alpaida gracia and Mangora sp2); e o terceiro e maior grupo com as espécies pouco abundantes (Acacesia villalobosi, Alpaida argenata, Alpaida sp1, Araneus blumenau, Araneus sicki, Crysometa boraceia, Crysometa sp3, Eustala sp8, Eustala sp11, Larinia t-notata, Mangora sp1, Ocrepeira aff gnomo, Sanogasta sp., Sanogasta sp2, Sanogasta sp3, Salticidae sp2, Theridion sp1, Theridion sp2, Wagneriana eupalaestris, Wagneriana iguape). Das 1.053 aranhas identificadas, 362 foram capturadas em área de campos naturais e 691 em área de várzea, visto que T. opacum fundou ninhos apenas nestes ambientes. A diversidade, a riqueza e a equitabilidade de aranhas nos ninhos de T. opacum foram maiores nas áreas de campos do que naquelas de várzeas.

The purpose of our research was to document and discuss the temporal patterns of prey use shown by the trap-nesting wasp Trypoxylon opacum in two different habitats in Southern Brazil. It was carried out from December 2001 to December 2004. Twenty nine species belonging to five families of spiders were captured by T. opacum. Araneidae was the most captured family and has been strongly represented by the genus Eustala. Through Bray-Curtis´s coefficient and the unweighted pair group method average (UPGMA), the spiders can be divided into three groups: the smaller group includes the most abundant species (Alpaida sp2, Bertrana rufostriata, Eustala sp1, Eustala sp2, Eustala sp3 and Eustala sp4), the second group includes species with intermediate abundance (Alpaida, Alpaida gracia and Mangora sp2), and the third and largest group includes the less abundant species, (Acacesia villalobosi, Alpaida argenata, Alpaida sp1, Araneus blumenau, Araneus sicki, Crysometa boraceia, Crysometa sp3, Eustala sp8, Eustala sp11, Larinia t-notata, Mangora sp1, Ocrepeira aff gnomo, Sanogasta sp., Sanogasta sp2, Sanogasta sp3, Salticidae sp2, Theridion sp1, Theridion sp2, Wagneriana eupalaestris, Wagneriana iguape). Of 1,053 identified spiders, 362 were captured in the grassland areas and 691 in the swamp, since T. opacum built nests only in these two habitats. The diversity, richness and evenness of spiders in T. opacum nests were higher in grassland than in the swamp.

O Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor (PNSD), localizado a noroeste do Estado do Acre, é considerado uma das áreas de maior diversidade da Amazônia. A importância de se considerar insetos em programas de conservação tem sido muito enfatizada. Vespas solitárias e sociais são componentes muito importantes dos ecossistemas, devido à posição que ocupam nas redes alimentares. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma avaliação ecológica rápida da fauna de vespas do PNSD, para subsidiar a elaboração de um plano de manejo do referido parque. A amostragem foi realizada em 12 sítios de coleta, situados no interior de oito tipologias de vegetação. Os insetos foram coletados através de armadilhas Malaise, as quais foram expostas em todos os sítios por 24 horas, totalizando 288 horas de amostragem. Foram consideradas nas análises vespas das famílias Chalcididae, Eucharitidae, Evaniidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Crabronidae e Vespidae. Ao todo, foram coletados 366 indivíduos distribuídos em 40 gêneros e 85 espécies. Os gêneros Ephuta (Mutillidae), Trypoxylon (Crabronidae) e Conura (Chalcididae) foram os mais ricos em espécies. Os sítios localizados na região norte do PNSD, considerada zona intangível e zona primitiva, foram os mais ricos em espécies. Cerca de 65% das espécies foram exclusivas a um único sítio, o que significa que as amostras possuem pequena similaridade faunística. Algumas espécies coletadas são consideradas raras.

The Serra do Divisor National Park (PNSD), located at the northwest of Acre State, Amazonia, is considered an area of great biodiversity. The question of considering insects in conservation programs. Solitary and social wasps are important components of the terrestrial ecosystems due to their position in trophic webs. The present study aimed at making a rapid ecological assessment of the wasps from the PNSD in order to support the elaboration of a conservation and management plan for that park. The insects were sampled in 12 sites located in eight forest types by Malaise traps that operated in each for 24 hours, totaling 288 hours of sampling. The results on the families Chalcididae, Eucharitidae, Evaniidae, Mutillidae, Pompilidae, Crabronidae and Vespidae are presented here. On the whole, 366 wasps were collected representing 40 genera and 85 species. The genera Ephuta (Mutillidae), Trypoxylon (Crabronidae) and Conura (Chalcididae) were the most specious. The sites situated at the northern region of the PNSD, the intangible and primitive zones, were the most species rich. Some collected species were considered rare and about 65% of species were exclusive to only one site. This means that the samples have little faunal similarity.