Abstract Introduction. Estimating crop evapotranspiration (ETc) helps determine water requirements, enabling the proposal of irrigation techniques that save water. Objective. To use remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAs) for greater precision in measuring evapotranspiration in rice fields, aiming to reduce water consumption. Materials and methods. The study utilized a randomized complete block design with a factorial structure of two experiments: flooded irrigation (E1) and irrigation with controlled drying (E2), and three rice varieties (IR43, IR71706, Sahod Ulan 12). The study was conducted at the Experimental Irrigation Area (AER) of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru. Eight RPAS flights were carried out between January and February 2019, distributed between the tillering and cotton point stages. Results. The combined analysis of treatments using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s test with p < 0.05 revealed a significant difference in ETc between E1 and E2. However, no significant difference was found between the rice varieties. Maximum values of ETc and yield were obtained for E1 at 4.50 mm/day and 10389 kg/ha, and for E2 at 3.7 mm/day and 9710 kg/ha, respectively. Conclusions. The use of a remotely piloted aircraft system improved the temporal and spatial resolution of multispectral and thermal images, providing greater accuracy in crop evapotranspiration (ETc) under two irrigation regimes. Controlled drying irrigation resulted in a A 24% reduction in ETc, allowing for a water saving of 855 m3/ha.

Resumen Introducción. La estimación de la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) permite conocer los requerimientos de agua del cultivo, que ayudan a proponer técnicas de riego con ahorro de agua. Objetivo. Usar el sistema de aeronave pilotada remotamente (RPAs) para mayor precisión de la evapotranspiración en arrozales a fin de reducir el consumo de agua. Materiales y métodos. Para el estudio la distribución de parcelas siguió un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con estructura factorial de dos experimentos: riego inundado (E1) y riego con secas controladas (E2), y tres variedades de arroz (IR43, IR71706, Sahod Ulan 12); se llevó a cabo en el Área Experimental de Riego (AER) de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Perú. Entre enero y febrero del 2019 se realizaron ocho vuelos, de un RPAs, distribuidos entre las etapas de macollamiento y punto de algodón. Resultados. El análisis combinado de tratamientos con análisis de varianza y prueba de Duncan con p < 0,05, reveló diferencia significativa de la ETc, entre E1 y E2. Sin embargo, no se encontró diferencia significancia entre las variedades de arroz. Se obtuvo valores máximos de ETc y rendimiento para E1 de 4,50 mm/d y 10 389 kg/ha, y para E2 de 3,7 mm/d y 9710 kg/ha, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El uso de un sistema de aeronave pilotada remotamente permitió mejorar la resolución temporal y espacial de las imágenes multiespectrales y térmicas para obtener mayor precisión en la evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc) bajo dos regímenes de riego. En el riego con secas controladas se obtuvo una reducción del 24 % de la ETc lo que permitió un ahorro de agua de 855 m3/ha.

This study aims to improve the fabric-cutting process of cotton garment-exporting micro and small businesses by identifying and eliminating waste, defined as the processes that do not add value in cutting area of a textile company. In addition, the lean manufacturing approach is applied by employing tools such as value stream mapping (VSM), single-minute exchange of dies (SMED), and work standardisation. The proposed philosophy is based on data analysis, economic validation, and simulation using the historical data from the company under study. Consequently, a decline in default rework and delayed processes along with an increase in the productivity index is expected.

Hierdie studie het ten doel om die materiaal snyproses van katoen-klere-uitvoer mikro en klein besighede te verbeter deur die vermyding en verwydering van afval, gedefinieer as die prosesse wat geen waarde toevoeg nie, binne die sny-area van 'n tekstielmaatskappy te identifiseer. Daarbenewens sal die skraal vervaardiging-benadering toegepas word deur die gebruik van gereedskap, soos waarde-stroomkaarte (VSM), enkele-minuut-die-uitruiling (SMED), en werkstandaardisering. Die voorgestelde filosofie is gebaseer op data-analise, ekonomiese validasie, en simulasie met behulp van die historiese data van die maatskappy onder studie. Gevolglik word 'n afname in standaard herskrywings en vertraagde prosesse, tesame met 'n toename in die produktiwiteitsindeks, verwag.

ABSTRACT Potassium is one of the most important nutrients for the cotton plant, being an element that participates in many physiological functions. In addition, its adequate availability favors better production performance of the crop. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic components in naturally colored cotton cultivars fertilized with potassium doses in the Brazilian semiarid region. For this, two experiments were conducted at Rafael Fernandes Experimental Farm, located in the municipality of Mossoró, RN, from July to November 2019 and July to November 2021. The experimental design was randomized blocks, arranged in split plots, with four repetitions. Potassium doses (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 of K2O) were allocated in the plants; and four naturally colored cotton cultivars (BRS Rubi, BRS Safira, BRS Verde, and BRS Topázio) were allocated in the subplots. Colored cotton cultivars respond to potassium fertilization depending on the edaphoclimatic conditions to which they are exposed. BRS Topázio cultivar had higher lint cotton yield and fiber percentage in both growing seasons, highlighting its potential for the region. The dose of 240 kg ha-1 of K2O increased the yield of colored cotton, in second crop cultivation. The cultivars BRS Safira, BRS Rubi, and BRS Verde were not very productive. plant functions addition Therefore region Farm Mossoró RN 201 2021 blocks plots repetitions 0, 0 (0 60 120 180 24 ha1 ha 1 ha- KO K O plants Rubi Safira subplots exposed seasons cultivation productive 20 202 ( 6 12 18 2

RESUMO O potássio é um dos nutrientes mais importantes para o algodoeiro, sendo um elemento que participa de muitas funções fisiológicas na planta. Além disso, sua adequada disponibilidade favorece melhor desempenho produtivo à cultura. Logo, objetivou-se avaliar nesta pesquisa os componentes agronômicos em cultivares de algodão naturalmente colorido adubadas com doses de potássio no Semiárido brasileiro. Para isto, dois experimentos foram conduzidos na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, localizada no município de Mossoró, RN, nos períodos de julho a novembro de 2019 e julho a novembro de 2021. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, arranjados em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, foram alocadas as doses de potássio (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 kg ha-1 de K2O); e, nas subparcelas, as quatro cultivares de algodão naturalmente colorido (BRS Rubi, BRS Safira, BRS Verde e BRS Topázio). As cultivares de algodão colorido respondem à adubação potássica em função das condições edafoclimáticas as quais estão expostas. A cultivar BRS Topázio obteve maior produtividade e porcentagem de fibra nas duas safras de cultivo, destacando o seu potencial para a região. A dose de 240 kg ha-1 de K2O aumentou a produtividade do algodão colorido, em cultivo de segunda safra. As cultivares BRS Safira, BRS Rubi e BRS Verde foram pouco produtivas. algodoeiro planta disso cultura Logo objetivouse objetivou se brasileiro isto Fernandes Mossoró RN 201 2021 casualizados subdivididas repetições 0, 0 (0 60 120 18 24 ha1 ha 1 ha- KO K K2O) subparcelas Safira Topázio. . Topázio) expostas região safra produtivas 20 202 ( 6 12 2

Abstract Objective: To describe a novel dissector device useful in laparoscopy, better definition of anatomic structures to have a better dissection, separation, and cleaning of the structures. Method: The endoscopic dissector DisePad was designed and developed at the experimental surgery department of Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, and properly patented at Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial (title 3512). Results: The tip of the device is the most important component, by its direct contact with the different tissues, consists of a cotton-polyester black cloth impregnated with a special gel immersed into a hot saline solution. Once soaked the tip maintains the solution temperature on itself. Conclusions: This device has been used in 364 laparoscopic procedures demonstrating, its utility to visualize, separate and clean anatomical structures without thermal lesion, tear, hemorrhage or visceral perforation.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir un nuevo dispositivo disector en laparoscopia, con una mejor definición de las estructuras anatómicas para obtener una mejor disección,separación y limpieza de las estructuras. Método: El disector endoscópico DisePad fue diseñado y desarrollado en el servicio de cirugía experimental del Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, y patentado ante el Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial (registro n.º 3512). Resultados: El componente más importante del disector es la punta que tiene contacto con los tejidos: es una tela de algodón-poliéster negra impregnada en un gel (patentado) que, al ser sumergido en un termo con solución salina caliente, permite retener la temperatura. Conclusiones: Este dispositivo ha sido utilizado en 364 procedimientos quirúrgicos por vía laparoscópica y ha demostrado ser útil para visualizar, separar y limpiar estructuras anatómicas sin producir daño por lesión térmica, desgarre, hemorragia ni perforación visceral.

Abstract Cotton is an important fiber crop, with special significance in the historical, cultural, and socio- economic development of the planet. In Peru, the great color variability of cotton fibers has allowed the commercialization of numerous textile products throughout the centuries. At present, cotton species native to South America, such as Gossypium barbadense, are constantly threatened by anthropogenic factors, and thus there is a clear need for species conservation. Therefore, this study aimed to collect G. barbadense germplasm in Peru, characterize the germplasm by fiber color, and evaluate the application of different methods of germplasm conservation. The evaluated methods were seed bank, field techniques, and in vitro culture. Two hundred seventy-six samples of G. barbadense were collected between 2017 and 2021 and classified by fiber color into monochrome and polychrome of white (114 samples), orange (107) and brown (41). The conservation methods showed that the seed bank samples ranged from 50 g to 1 kg, while 95% of the field accessions survived. In addition, seedlings presented positive developmental responses when they were grown in vitro under modified MS culture, sucrose 2.0%, vitamins, glycine 2.0 mgL-1, and AgNO3 2.0 mg L-1. This study provides evidence of the color variability of G. barbadense distributed throughout Peru, and confirms that this species can be managed and conserved using germplasm conservation methods.

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the impact of both organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizers on the intensity and epidemiological components of Cercospora leaf spot across three different canopies of cotton plants, specifically the variety DP ACALA 90, under field conditions. Fertilizers used in the study included bovine manure, Jatropha curcas seedcake, poultry manure, and urea (the latter serving as a control). These were applied at 20 days after plant emergence and then during the flowering stage until the total nitrogen (N) dose reached 50, 100, 150, or 200 kg N per hectare. The incidence and severity of the disease were assessed starting at the reproductive stage B1 (the first visible flower bud) across the lower, middle, and upper canopies of four cotton plants, with six evaluations conducted over time. To calculate the initial inoculum (Y 0 ) and the disease progress rate (r), the Exponential, Gompertz, and Logistic models were employed based on temporal data. The study was designed as a randomized complete block with a 4x4 factorial arrangement (fertilizer type x dose), and mean comparisons were made using Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). It was found that disease intensity within each canopy level varied in response to the type of nitrogen source and the applied dose, with the severity of the disease (including the area under the disease progress curve) being particularly influenced. A significant interaction between the type of fertilizer and the dose regarding the intensity of Cercospora leaf spot was observed. The Exponential model most accurately depicted the disease's temporal progression. Notably, poultry manure and urea were the fertilizers that most adversely influenced the intensity and initial inoculum (Y 0 ) of Cercospora leaf spot across the various canopies of the cotton plants. The findings suggest that the use of organic fertilizers in cotton cultivation could represent a viable sustainable management strategy.

Abstract. - The present paper exposes the feasibility of producing particleboards with wastes from the cotton industry in northeastern Argentina, agglomerated with urea-formaldehyde resin, as an alternative to replace wood with lower-cost lignocellulosic waste, for there are no measures to achieve an efficient final disposal. The aim is to achieve particleboards suitable for the construction of housing enclosures and simple furniture. With the intention of optimizing boards behavior, the influence of the particle size distribution and their morphological characteristics on the mechanical properties, water resistance, and final quality of the boards is investigated. Three situations are compared: unclassified milled material, classified milled material, and classified remilled material, which constitutes single-layer boards with resin percentages of 11.9 %, 15.1 %, and 19.3 %. Results show that the use of finer particles increases the flexural strength (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) by approximately 35 % compared to boards where larger particles are used. Swelling and water absorption decrease between 25 % and 70 % by using smaller particles. Boards made with smaller particles achieve better resin impregnation and simpler mixing processes, which result in better-cut quality and smoother surfaces. These results contribute to the identification of a final disposal with added value for abundant waste and an alternative raw material that can replace wood in the board manufacturing process.

Resumen. - El presente trabajo expone la posibilidad de generar tableros de partículas con residuos de la industria algodonera del noreste de Argentina, aglomerados con resina urea-formaldehído, como una alternativa de sustitución de la madera por desechos lignocelulósicos de menor costo, para los cuales aún no se han implementado medidas para lograr una disposición final eficiente. Se pretende lograr tableros de partículas que puedan ser utilizados en la construcción de cerramientos de viviendas y mobiliario sencillo. Con la intención de optimizar el comportamiento de estos tableros, se investiga la influencia de la distribución de tamaños de partículas y sus características morfológicas en las propiedades mecánicas, resistencia al agua y calidad final de los tableros. Se comparan tres situaciones: material molido sin clasificar, material molido clasificado y material remolido clasificado, que conforman tableros monocapa con porcentajes de resina de 11,9 %, 15,1 % y 19,3 %. Los resultados muestran que el uso de partículas más finas aumenta aproximadamente un 35% la resistencia a la flexión (MOR) y el módulo de elasticidad (MOE) en comparación con tableros donde se utilizan partículas más grandes. El hinchamiento y la absorción de agua disminuyen entre 25% y 70% utilizando partículas más pequeñas. Los tableros elaborados con partículas más pequeñas logran una mejor impregnación de la resina y procesos de mezclado más sencillos, que redundan en una mejor calidad de corte y superficies más lisas. Estos resultados contribuyen a la identificación de una disposición final de un residuo abundante sumando valor agregado y de alternativas de materias primas que puedan reemplazar a la madera en el proceso de fabricación de tableros.

Abstract Destruction of the harvest of cotton stalks should be done after it. However, destruction by ploughing prevents continuing with direct sowing, which makes chemical management an ally in soil conservation. The objective was to identify the most effective dose of 2,4-D, associated with different herbicides and the timing of administration for the control of transgenic cotton shoots for tolerance to glyphosate and glufosinate. The treatments consisted of the use of the herbicide 2,4-D, alone at doses of 670 and 1 340 g ha-1, and associated with the herbicides carfentrazone, flumiclorac, chlorimuron, flumioxazin and imazethapyr at three application times: 0 days after mechanical mowing (0 DAMM), 25 DAMM, and 0 DAMM + 25 DAMM. Regrowth evaluations were performed at 15, 30, and 45 days after the first and second applications, determining the dry biomass of the shoots. In terms of herbicide use time, the best results are obtained when they applied at 0 DAMM + 25 DAMM. Higher doses of 2,4-D (1 324 g ha-1) make it more efficient; in relation to herbicides, variations were perceived in their behavior depending on the time of evaluation, the application, and the dose of 2,4-D used. During the last measurement period, 45 days after application, 2,4-D+carfentrazone and 2,4-D+flumiclorac had the lowest dry shoot masses. The experiment was conducted in 2014. It was concluded that there is a lower rate of cotton regrowth when the application of the herbicides is repeated at 0 DAMM and 25 DAMM. The 1 324 g ha-1 dose of 2,4-D is more efficient. 2,4-D+carfentrazone and 2,4-D+flumiclorac promoted lower dry mass 45 days after administration of the treatments.

Resumen La destrucción de la cosecha de tallos de algodón debe realizarse después de esta. Sin embargo, la destrucción por arado impide continuar con la siembra directa, lo que hace que el manejo químico sea un aliado en la conservación del suelo. El objetivo fue identificar la dosis de 2,4-D, asociada a diferentes herbicidas y el momento de administración más eficazes para el control de retoños de algodón transgénico para tolerancia a glyphosate y glufosinate. Los tratamientos consistieron en el uso aislado del herbicida 2,4-D, a dosis de 670 y 1 340 g ha-1, y asociado a los herbicidas carfentrazone, flumiclorac, chlorimuron, flumioxazin y imazethapyr en tres tiempos de aplicación: 0 días después de la siega mecánica (0 DARM), 25 DARM, y 0 DARM + 25 DARM. Se evaluó el rebrote a los 15, 30 y 45 días después de la primera y segunda aplicación. Las evaluaciones de rebrote se realizaron a los 15, 30 y 45 días después de la primera y segunda aplicación, determinando la biomasa seca de los brotes. En cuanto al tiempo de uso de los herbicidas, los mejores resultados se obtienen cuando se suministró 0 DARM +25 DARM. Dosis más altas de 2,4-D (1 324 g ha-1) lo hacen más eficiente relaciona a los herbicidas se percibieron variaciones en su comportamiento según el tiempo de evaluación, la aplicación y la dosis de 2,4 D utilizada. Durante el último período de medición, 45 días después de la aplicación, 2,4-D+carfentrazone y 2,4-D+flumiclorac presentaron las masas secas de yema más bajas. El experimento se llevó a cabo en 2014. Se concluyó que existe una menor tasa de rebrote del algodón cuando se repite la aplicación de los herbicidas 0 DARM y 25 DARM. La dosis de 1 324 g ha-1 de 2,4-D es más eficiente. 2,4-D+carfentrazona y 2,4-D+flumiclorac promovieron una menor masa seca 45 días después de la administración de los tratamientos.

ABSTRACT Boron toxicity is a severe abiotic stress affecting plant growth and productivity in semi-arid regions of the world including Anatolian plateau. In this study, we investigated antioxidative responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) as well as four different B transporter and aquaporin gene activities, which are early B stress responders, by using miR408 overexpression strategy. miR408 is a conserved microRNA in plant kingdom involved in almost all physiological responses of the plants as well as responses under abiotic and biotic stresses. Our results showed that, miR408 overexpression improved overall antioxidative status of cotton plants under B stress, in terms of reduced ion leakage and malondialdehyde levels and increased proline, chlorophyll and relative water contents. We also detected strong B transporter BOR1, BOR2 and water channel PIP1;1 and PIP2;1 gene expression in cotton leaf tissues under almost all treatments. miR408 overexpressing plants exhibited differential gene expression patterns when compared to control plants, always increasing with stress duration, revealing direct or indirect regulation of the genes by miR408 under B toxicity. Our results showed that, miR408 overexpression can be used as a strategy to improve B toxicity tolerance of cotton plants to increase agricultural production or for phytoremediation purposes on B rich soils.

ABSTRACT Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is economically important in Xinjiang, China, for many years; Verticillium wilt, arid climate, and soil salinization reduce cotton production, which has inhibited development of the cotton economy. Thus, creating a microbial agent specifically for cotton to resisting environmental stress is crucial. In this study, water dispersible granules strains (Bacillus tequilensis C-9 and B. sphingosporium A1) were screened for antagonistic bacteria of Verticillium dahliae from the rhizosphere soil of Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen, and screened for carrier and auxiliary that could enhance the survival of strains A1+C-9. To test the efficacy and practicality of the water dispersible granules, their growth-promoting effect was examined. Meanwhile, bursts of reactive oxygen species and changes in the physiological indicators related to cotton growth were detected after the application of these granules to cotton that had been subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses to study the ability of the water dispersible granules to induce immunity in cotton. It was found that the treated group could increase the above-ground and below-ground fresh weight of cotton by 20.06% and 22.71% relative to the control group, and the biocontrol effect on cotton was increased by 46.55%. In salt and drought stress, catalase activity could be increased by 14.61% and 15.52%, respectively, relative to the control group. Comprehensive analyses showed that the application of water dispersible granules that contained A1+C-9 helped the cotton to grow and develop, inhibited V. dahliae from infecting cotton plants, reduced the damage from drought and salt stress, and increased the resilience of cotton to stress.

ABSTRACT Identifying the presence, size, type and location of voids in an endodontic obturation is of great clinical importance because it enables evaluation of the three-dimensionality of the sealing techniques, which can be related to the success of the endodontic treatment. Aim To analyze by micro-CT the presence of voids in lower single-rooted premolar root canal obturations prepared using the single cone and ultrasound vibration technique. Materials and methods Twenty extracted single-rooted lower premolars were selected, and the root canal prepared surgically and chemically. In GROUP 1 - Without Vibration, the canal was obturated with a single cone and bioceramic, without applying vibration. In GROUP 2 - With Vibration, the gutta-percha cone inside the root canal was held with a cotton plier to which ultrasound vibration was applied for 3 periods of 3 seconds each. A micro-CT scanner was used to acquire and reconstruct images for analysis. Results No significant difference was found between obturation techniques, though there were differences between thirds, with the cervical third having a higher percentage of voids than the middle and apical thirds. Conclusions The results suggest that the volume of closed, open and total voids does not differ between treatments with and without ultrasound vibration. In the cervical third, the highest volume of voids was related to oval geometry in the teeth evaluated.

RESUMEN La presencia de vacíos en la obturación endodóntica, su tamaño y el tipo y localización tiene gran importancia clínica ya que permite evaluar la tridimensionalidad de las técnicas de sellado y relacionarlas con el éxito del tratamiento endodóntico. Objetivo analizar mediante microtomografía la presencia de vacíos en la obturación del conducto radicular de premolares inferiores unirradiculares, utilizando la técnica de cono único y vibración con ultrasonido. Materiales y Método se seleccionaron 20 premolares inferiores unirradiculares a los que se les realizó la preparación quirúrgica y química del conducto radicular. Se realizó la obturación con cono único y biocerámico GRUPO 1- sin vibración. En el GRUPO 2 - con vibración se aplicó vibración por ultrasonido, se tomó del cono de gutapercha colocado en el interior del conducto con pinza de algodón que fue vibrada durante 3 períodos de 3 segundos cada uno. Las mismas fueron adquiridas y reconstruidas en un microtomógrafo para posterior análisis de las imágenes obtenidas. Resultados No se evidenciaron diferencias significativas entre ambas técnicas de obturación comparadas, pero si entre los tercios analizados, siendo el cervical el que mayor porcentaje de vacíos presenta en comparación a los cortes correspondientes al tercio medio y apical. Conclusiones Los resultados sugieren que el volumen de vacíos cerrados, abiertos y total no varía en los tratamientos donde se aplica vibración por ultrasonido. En el tercio cervical, el mayor volumen de vacíos se relaciona con la geometría oval que presentaron las piezas dentarias evaluadas en este estudio.

ABSTRACT: The uniformity of seed distribution and sowing speed directly impact crop quality and productivity. This experiment assessed how the position of the sowing monitoring sensor influences the distribution of cotton seeds using a pneumatic meter at different operating speeds. The experiment employed a completely randomized two-factor factorial design on a static simulation bench. The first factor involved the sensor installation sites (upper, middle, and lower portions of the conductor tube and conveyor belt), while the second factor encompassed simulated speeds of 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 9.0, and 11.0 km/h. Parameters such as frequency of double, flawed, and acceptable spacing, coefficient of variation, and precision index were measured based on five replications of 250 consecutive spacing. The results indicated that the sensor’s placement significantly influences reading accuracy. Optimal results were observed when the sensor was positioned at the final portion of the conductor tube, providing more accurate seed deposition, and facilitating decision-making. ABSTRACT productivity twofactor two bench upper, upper (upper middle belt, belt , belt) 30 3 0 3.0 50 5 5.0 70 7 7.0 90 9 9.0 110 11 11. kmh km h km/h double flawed spacing variation 25 sensors s accuracy deposition decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making 3. 5. 7. 9. 1 2

RESUMO: A uniformidade de distribuição de sementes no solo e a velocidade de semeadura estão diretamente relacionados à qualidade e produtividade da lavoura. O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar a influência da posição de instalação do sensor de monitoramento de semeadura, em relação a leitura realizada em bancada de ensaio, durante a distribuição de sementes de algodão com dosador pneumático, submetido a diferentes velocidades operacionais. O experimento foi conduzido em bancada estática de simulação, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, fatorial duplo, sendo o primeiro fator o local de instalação do sensor (porção superior, média e inferior do tubo condutor e esteira condutora) e o segundo as velocidades simuladas de 3,0; 5,0; 7,0; 9,0 e 11,0 km h−1. Os parâmetros mensurados para a avaliação da distribuição das sementes foram a frequência de espaçamentos duplos, falhos e aceitáveis, seu coeficiente de variação e índice de precisão, mensurados a partir de cinco repetições de 250 espaçamentos consecutivos. Os resultados obtidos foram que a posição de inserção do sensor de monitoramento interfere diretamente na eficiência da leitura, a qual tende a ser mais assertiva quando o sensor é posicionado na porção final do tubo condutor, demonstrando com maior acurácia a real deposição e assim facilitando a tomada de decisão. RESUMO lavoura ensaio pneumático operacionais simulação casualizado duplo superior condutora 3,0 30 3 0 5,0 50 5 7,0 70 7 90 9 9, 110 11 11, h1 h 1 h−1 duplos aceitáveis precisão 25 consecutivos decisão 3, 5, 7, h− 2

ABSTRACT A 7-week-old male delivered by cesarean section presented with a positive serology for dengue along with preretinal and retinal hemorrhages, vitreous opacities and cotton wool spots. The patient and his mother had positive serologies for Non Structural Protein 1 (NS1) by ELISA. Retinal and vitreous findings improved over a sixteen-week period. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed preserved macular architecture. In this case report, we suggest that retinal and vitreous changes may be the ocular presenting features of vertically transmitted dengue in newborns, and that those findings may resolve with no major structural sequelae. 7weekold weekold 7 week old hemorrhages spots NS1 NS (NS1 ELISA sixteenweek sixteen period OCT (OCT architecture report newborns sequelae (NS

RESUMO Neonato de 7 semanas, do sexo masculino, nascido de parto cesárea, apresentou sorologia positiva para dengue com hemorragias retinianas e pré-retinianas, opacidades vítreas e manchas algodonosas. O paciente e sua mãe haviam apresentado sorologias positivas para Non Structural Protein 1 através de ELISA. Achados na retina e no vítreo melhoraram em um período de dezesseis semanas. O exame de tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral demonstrou arquitetura macular preservada. Neste relato de caso, sugerimos que alterações na retina e no vítreo podem ser os achados oculares aparentes em neonatos com infecção vertical por dengue, e que estes podem se resolver sem maiores sequelas estruturais. semanas masculino cesárea préretinianas, préretinianas pré retinianas, pré-retinianas algodonosas ELISA preservada caso estruturais

ABSTRACT The geometric characteristics, physical parameters and contact parameters of coated cotton seeds were obtained through theoretical analysis and experimental measurements. A discrete element model reflecting the intrinsic parameters of cotton seeds was established, the contact parameters of coated cotton seeds were calibrated using Discrete Element Method (DEM), and the significant factors affecting the stacking angle were screened using the Plackett-Burman method. The optimal ranges of the parameters were determined by the steepest ascent method, and a second-order regression model of the stacking angle and significant parameters was established by a central composite design. The following optimal values were obtained for cotton seeds: collision recovery (0.38), static friction (0.57) and rolling friction (0.19) coefficients. The average value of the stacking angle obtained by simulations with the best combination of parameters was 30.52°, the result of the simulation test was 30.91°, and the relative error was 1.278%. It is shown that the discrete element particle model and calibration parameters of cotton seed are closer to the actual situation, which can provide theoretical reference for analyzing the precise seeding of cotton seed and optimizing the structural parameters of seed disperser. characteristics measurements DEM, DEM , (DEM) PlackettBurman Plackett Burman method secondorder second order design 0.38, 038 0.38 0 38 (0.38) 0.57 057 57 (0.57 0.19 019 19 (0.19 coefficients 3052 30 52 30.52° 3091 91 30.91° 1278 1 278 1.278% situation disperser (DEM 03 0.3 3 (0.38 0.5 05 5 (0.5 0.1 01 (0.1 305 30.52 309 9 30.91 127 27 1.278 0. (0.3 (0. 30.5 30.9 12 2 1.27 (0 30. 1.2 ( 1.

ABSTRACT This study evaluated biochar influence on water retention in sandy soils with different source materials. Samples from Horizon A of six profiles of Neossolos Quartzarênicos (Salto das Nuvens, Utiariti, Pantanal, Coberturas Detrito Lateríticas Ferruginosas, Botucatu e Bauru formations), collected in different regions of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, were used to determine the hydro-physical characteristics with the addition of biochar. The biochars assessed were produced from two sources of raw material (sugarcane filter cake and cotton husks) under pyrolysis at a temperature of 400 °C. Retention curves for soils with and without biochar, the field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water in the soil, total porosity, macroporosity, and microporosity were determined. The results evidenced that the application of biochar increases the microporosity (86.7% with cotton husks biochar and 67.9% with filter cake biochar) and reduces the microporosity of sandy soils (38.2% with cotton husks biochar and 36.0% with filter cake biochar); also, there was a higher increase in water availability with biochar from cotton husks (57.1%). There was an increase in soil microporosity and a reduction in macroporosity due to the influence of biochar addition in the sandy soils from the Salto das Nuvens, Utiariti, Pantanal e Coberturas Detrito Lateríticas ferruginosas, with no changes in the Botucatu and Bauru Formations. Biochar increases water retention in sandy soils; however, this does not occur for all geological formations studied. materials Nuvens Utiariti Ferruginosas formations, , formations) Grosso Brazil hydrophysical hydro physical sugarcane 40 C °C capacity point porosity determined 86.7% 867 86 7 (86.7 679 67 9 67.9 38.2% 382 38 2 (38.2 360 36 0 36.0 also 57.1%. 571 57.1% . 57 1 (57.1%) ferruginosas Formations however studied 4 86.7 8 (86. 6 67. 38.2 3 (38. 36. 57.1 5 (57.1% 86. (86 38. (38 57. (57.1 (8 (3 (57. ( (57 (5

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do biocarvão na retenção de água em solos arenosos de diferentes materiais de origem. Foram utilizadas amostras do Horizonte A de seis perfis de Neossolos Quartzarênicos (formações: Salto das Nuvens, Utiariti, Pantanal, Coberturas Detrito Lateríticas ferruginosas, Botucatu e Bauru), coletadas em diferentes regiões do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, para determinação das características físico-hídricas com adição de biocarvão. Os biocarvões testados foram produzidos a partir de duas fontes de matéria prima (torta do filtro de cana‐de‐açúcar e capulho do algodão) sob pirólise em temperatura de 400° C. Foram determinadas curvas de retenção para solos com e sem biocarvão, a capacidade de campo, o ponto de murcha permanente, água disponível no solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade e microporosidade. Os resultados mostram que a aplicação de biocarvão aumenta a microporosidade (86,7% com biocarvão de resíduos de algodão, 67,9% com biocarvão de torta de filtro) e reduz a macroporosidade dos solos arenosos (38,2% com biocarvão de resíduos de algodão, 36,0% com biocarvão de torta de filtro), e a disponibilidade de água aumenta ainda mais com o biocarvão de resíduos de algodão (57.1%). Houve um aumento na microporosidade do solo e redução na macroporosidade pela influência da adição do biocarvão nos solos arenosos das Formações Salto das Nuvens, Utiariti, Pantanal e Coberturas Detrito Lateríticas ferruginosas, sem mudanças nas Formações Botucatu e Bauru. O biocarvão aumenta a retenção de água nos solos arenosos, no entanto isso não ocorre para os solos arenosos de todas as formações geológicas estudadas. origem (formações Nuvens Utiariti ferruginosas Bauru, Bauru , Bauru) Grosso Brasil físicohídricas físico hídricas canadeaçúcar cana açúcar 400 C campo permanente total 86,7% 867 86 7 (86,7 679 67 9 67,9 38,2% 382 38 2 (38,2 360 36 0 36,0 filtro, 57.1%. 571 57.1% . 57 1 (57.1%) estudadas 40 86,7 8 (86, 6 67, 38,2 3 (38, 36, 57.1 5 (57.1% 4 86, (86 38, (38 57. (57.1 (8 (3 (57. ( (57 (5