ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the predictive validity and cut-off point of heart rate and blood pressure on heart rate variability (HRV) changes in children with and without obesity. Methods: This study included 125 children, of whom 41 were normal weight and 84 were obese. Anthropometry, blood pressure, heart rate, and HRV were measured using an electronic scale and stadiometer, a sphygmomanometer, and HRV monitor. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was obtained by statistical analysis of the data. Results: Heart rate proved to be a good predictor for changes in the square root of the mean of the square of the differences between consecutive NN intervals (RMSSD) parameter in students of both sexes for the normal-weight group (ROC 0.89; 95%CI 0.77–1.00) and obesity (ROC 0.90; 95%CI 0.83–0.97). In addition, the heart rate cut-off point for alterations in the RMSSD parameter for normal-weight boys was 93 bpm (sensitivity 100.00% and specificity 87.50%) and for boys with obesity, the established cut-off point was 91 bpm (sensitivity 94.74% and specificity 63.64%). Heart rate also proved to be a good predictor considering low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) and standard deviation of long-term continuous NN intervals /standard deviation of the instantaneous variability of continuous NN intervals in the Poincaré graph ratio (SD2/SD1). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were good predictors in more specific stratifications and, therefore, can be used in some cases. Conclusions: The predictive validity of heart rate was shown to be at a good level, with high sensitivity and acceptable specificity for the cut-off points according to the different analyses stratified by gender and nutritional status. In this sense, health professionals will be able to use heart rate to estimate cardiovascular risk in children of different sexes and nutritional status. Objective cutoff cut off (HRV Methods 12 4 8 obese Anthropometry stadiometer sphygmomanometer monitor addition ROC data Results (RMSSD normalweight 0.89 089 0 89 95CI CI 95 0.77–1.00 077100 77 1 00 0.90 090 90 0.83–0.97. 083097 0.83–0.97 . 83 97 0.83–0.97) 9 10000 100 100.00 87.50% 8750 87 50 9474 94 74 94.74 63.64%. 6364 63.64% 63 64 63.64%) lowfrequency/highfrequency lowfrequencyhighfrequency low frequency/high frequency LF/HF LFHF LF HF (LF/HF longterm long term SD2/SD1. SD2SD1 SDSD SD2/SD1 SD2 SD1 SD (SD2/SD1) therefore cases Conclusions level status sense 0.8 08 0.77–1.0 07710 7 0.9 09 08309 0.83–0.9 1000 10 100.0 87.50 875 5 947 94.7 636 63.64 6 lowfrequency highfrequency frequencyhigh SD2SD SD2/SD (SD2/SD1 0. 0.77–1. 0771 0830 0.83–0. 100. 87.5 94. 63.6 (SD2/SD 0.77–1 077 083 0.83–0 87. 63. 0.77– 07 0.83– 0.77 0.83 0.7

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a validade preditiva e o ponto de corte da frequência cardíaca e da pressão arterial nas alterações da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em crianças com e sem obesidade. Métodos: Foram incluídas 125 crianças neste estudo, sendo 41 com peso normal e 84 com obesidade. Antropometria, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca e VFC foram medidas por meio de balança eletrônica e estadiômetro, esfigmomanômetro e monitor de VFC. Além disso, a curva característica de operação do receptor (ROC) foi obtida pela análise estatística dos dados. Resultados: A frequência cardíaca mostrou-se um bom preditor de alterações no parâmetro de raiz quadrada da média do quadrado das diferenças entre os intervalos NN consecutivos (RMSSD) em escolares de ambos os sexos para o grupo de peso normal (ROC 0,89; IC95% 0,77–1,00) e obesidade (ROC 0,90; IC95% 0,83–0,97). Além disso, o ponto de corte da frequência cardíaca para alterações no parâmetro RMSSD para meninos com peso normal foi de 93 bpm (sensibilidade 100,00% e especificidade 87,50%), e para meninos com obesidade, o ponto de corte estabelecido foi de 91 bpm (sensibilidade 94,74% e especificidade 63,64%). A frequência cardíaca também se mostrou um bom preditor considerando os índices da relação baixa frequência/alta frequência (LF/HF) e razão desvio padrão de intervalos NN contínuos de longo prazo/desvio padrão da variabilidade instantânea de intervalos NN contínuos na relação gráfica de Poincaré (SD2/SD1). As pressões arteriais sistólicas e diastólicas foram bons preditores em estratificações mais específicas e, portanto, podem ser utilizadas em alguns casos. Conclusões: A validade preditiva da frequência cardíaca mostrou-se em bom nível, com alta sensibilidade e especificidade aceitável para os pontos de corte, conforme as diferentes análises estratificadas por sexo e estado nutricional. Desta forma, os profissionais de saúde poderão utilizar a frequência cardíaca para estimar o risco cardiovascular em crianças de diferentes sexos e estado nutricional. Objetivo (VFC Métodos 12 estudo 4 8 Antropometria estadiômetro disso ROC dados Resultados mostrouse (RMSSD 0,89 089 0 89 IC95 IC 0,77–1,00 077100 77 1 00 0,90 090 90 0,83–0,97. 083097 0,83–0,97 . 83 97 0,83–0,97) 9 10000 100 100,00 87,50%, 8750 87,50% , 87 50 87,50%) 9474 94 74 94,74 63,64%. 6364 63,64% 63 64 63,64%) frequênciaalta LF/HF LFHF LF HF (LF/HF prazodesvio prazo SD2/SD1. SD2SD1 SDSD SD2/SD1 SD2 SD1 SD (SD2/SD1) portanto casos Conclusões nível nutricional forma 0,8 08 IC9 0,77–1,0 07710 7 0,9 09 08309 0,83–0,9 1000 10 100,0 875 87,50 5 947 94,7 636 63,64 6 SD2SD SD2/SD (SD2/SD1 0, 0,77–1, 0771 0830 0,83–0, 100, 87,5 94, 63,6 (SD2/SD 0,77–1 077 083 0,83–0 87, 63, 0,77– 07 0,83– 0,77 0,83 0,7

Abstract Introduction: The nursing process is the method that allows us to administer care to people with chronic diseases through the disease stages, that is, assessment, diagnostic reasoning, nursing care plan and evaluation. Objective: Evaluate a nursing care plan for an older adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis with a focus on therapeutic health education. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, and longitudinal clinical case study of a 63-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis; the Marjory Gordon instrument was used for assessment, and standardized language was used for diagnostic reasoning, planning, execution and evaluation. Under bioethical principles, this is a minimal risk research, and the privacy and data of the elderly are protected. Results: Alteration was found in the pattern of perception/maintenance of health, nutritional/metabolic, exercise activity and coping with stress; with the establishment of activities to control glucose, priority was given to prescribed diet, exercise, adherence to treatment and coping with stress. Acceptance of the disease, learning to take capillary glucose and glycemic control was achieved, as well as adherence to the prescribed diet and exercise. Conclusions: Therapeutic health education achieved adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, as well as the acceptance of the health status, which allows acquiring self-control of the disease. Continuous and long-term follow-up is important due to the pathological progress, age and general deterioration of the patient.

Abstrato Introdução. O processo de enfermagem é o método que nos permite administrar a assistência a pessoas com doenças crônicas por meio dos estágios da doença, ou seja, avaliação, raciocínio diagnóstico, plano de assistência de enfermagem e avaliação. Objetivo: Avaliar um plano de cuidados de enfermagem para um adulto mais velho com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e osteoporose com foco na educação terapêutica em saúde. Metodologia: Estudo de caso clínico observacional, descritivo e longitudinal de uma paciente de 63 anos com diabetes mellitus e osteoporose; para a avaliação foi utilizado o instrumento Marjory Gordon para raciocínio diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e avaliação, para raciocínio diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e avaliação, foi utilizada a linguagem padronizada. De acordo com os princípios bioéticos, essa é uma pesquisa de risco mínimo, e a privacidade e os dados dos idosos são protegidos. Resultados: Foi encontrada alteração no padrão de percepção/manutenção da saúde, nutricional/metabólico, atividade física e enfrentamento do estresse; com o estabelecimento de atividades para controlar a glicose, a prioridade foi dada à dieta prescrita, aos exercícios, à adesão ao tratamento e ao enfrentamento do estresse. Houve aceitação da doença, aprendizado da medição da glicose capilar e controle glicêmico, além de adesão à dieta e aos exercícios prescritos. Conclusões: A educação terapêutica em saúde conseguiu a adesão ao tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico, bem como a aceitação do estado de saúde, que permite adquirir o autocontrolo da doença, sendo importante a monitorização contínua e a longo prazo da evolução patológica, da idade e da deterioração geral do paciente.

Resumen Introducción: El proceso de enfermería es el método que nos permite administrar los cuidados a personas con enfermedades crónicas a través de sus etapas: valoración, razonamiento diagnóstico, plan de cuidados de enfermería y evaluación. Objetivo: Evaluar un plan de cuidados de enfermería a una adulta mayor con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y osteoporosis con enfoque a la educación para la salud terapéutica. Metodología: Estudio de caso clínico, observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal, a paciente de 63 años con diabetes mellitus y osteoporosis; para la valoración se empleó el instrumento de Marjory Gordon, para el razonamiento diagnóstico, planeación, ejecución y evaluación se utilizó el lenguaje estandarizado de enfermería. Bajo los principios bioéticos es una investigación de riesgo mínimo, se protege la privacidad y datos del adulto mayor. Resultados: Se encontró alteración en el patrón percepción / mantenimiento de la salud, nutricional / metabólico, actividad ejercicio y afrontamiento del estrés; estableciendo actividades para el control de su glucosa, se priorizó en dieta prescrita, ejercicio, adherencia al tratamiento y afrontamiento al estrés. Se logró aceptación de la enfermedad, aprendizaje de toma de glucosa capilar y control glucémico, además del apego a dieta y ejercicio prescrito. Conclusiones: La educación para la salud terapéutica logró el apego al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico, así como la aceptación del estado de salud le permite adquirir el autocontrol de su enfermedad, es importante el seguimiento continuo y a largo plazo por el avance patológico, edad y deterioro general de la paciente.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a experiência de aprendizagem implementada em uma Plataforma de Experiências de Aprendizagem nos processos de formação continuada de pessoas incorporadas ao Colégio de Profissionais de Orientação, a partir do enfoque de aprendizagem ativa. Uma metodologia sócio-crítica e um design de investigação-ação participativa foram utilizados em um grupo de 13 colegiados. Foi realizado um design técnico-pedagógico através de suas etapas de diagnóstico, design, implementação e avaliação da expe- riência, é desenvolvido através de um curso incorporado à oferta do Programa de Desenvolvimento Profissional, que fortalece o tema na atenção socioemocional em ambientes educativos. Os resultados mostram que através da plataforma Perusall® são integradas características do enfoque de aprendizagem ativa. Dentre as conclusões, destacase a necessidade de desenvolver propostas focadas em ambientes de aprendizagem personalizados, verificando-se que a Plataforma de Experiências de Aprendizagem (LXP) é uma ferramenta inovadora no campo pedagógico e integradora de tecnologias recentes, bem como que o design de Conhecimento Técnico Pedagógico do Conteúdo (TPACK) favorece o planejamento estratégico e ágil no desenvolvimento de propostas didáticas, são identificadas características desejáveis para futuros processos de capacitação a partir do enfoque proposto como maiores espaços sócio-colaborativos, articulação teórico-prática com ambientes de trabalho e aprofundamento do pensamento crítico .

Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la experiencia de aprendizaje implementada en una plataforma de experiencias de aprendizaje en los procesos de capacitación continua de personas incorporadas al Colegio de Profesionales de Orientación, desde el enfoque de aprendizaje activo. Se utilizó una metodología sociocrítica y un diseño de investigación-acción participativa en un grupo de 13 personas colegiadas. Además, se llevó a cabo un diseño tecnopedagógico a través de sus etapas de diagnóstico, diseño, implementación y evaluaciónde la experiencia; el cual se desarrolla por medio de un curso incorporado a la oferta del Programa de Desarrollo Profesional, que fortalece el tema en atención socioemocional en entornos educativos. Los resultados muestran que, por medio de la plataforma Perusall®, se alcanza a integrar características del enfoque de aprendizaje activo. Entre las conclusiones, destacan la necesidad de elaborar propuestas centradas en los ambientes personalizados de aprendizaje; se encuentra que la plataforma de experiencias de aprendizaje (LXP) es una herramienta innovadora en el ámbito pedagógico e integradora de tecnologías recientes, así como que el diseño de conocimiento técnico pedagógico del contenido (TPACK) favorece una planificación estratégica y ágil en la elaboración de propuestas didácticas. Así mismo, se identifican características deseables para futuros procesos de capacitación a partir del enfoque propuesto, como mayores espacios sociocolaborativos, vinculación teórico- práctica con ambientes laborales y profundización del pensamiento crítico.

Abstract: This article analyzes the learning experience through the use of a learning experience platform for continuous training processes among members of the Association of Orientation Professionals. The study was conducted with 13 members of the association using a socio-critical methodology and a participatory re- search design. A technopedagogical design was elaborated based on the diagnostic, design, implementation and evaluation phases of the experience, and was developed through a course incorporated in the Professional Development Program that strengthens socioemotional attention in educational environments. The results show that the Perusall® platform is able to integrate characteristics of the active learning approach. The conclusions highlight the need to develop proposals focused on personalized learning environments, and the Learning Experiences Platform (LXP) is an innovative pedagogical tool that combines recent technologies. The design of Technical Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) favors strategic and agile planning in the elaboration of didactic proposals and identifies desirable characteristics for future training processes based on the proposed approach, such as greater socio-collaborative spaces, theoretical-practical link with work environments and deepening of critical thinking.

Abstract: Introduction: Health care by nursing professionals to people with gender diversity can be negatively affected by the heteronormativity that has historically governed society. It is challenging to safeguard and seek actions to provide inclusive humanized care Objective: To understand the nursing professional’s experiences when providing humanized care to people with gender diversity. Method: Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Four nursing professionals were interviewed. The information was collected through semi-structured individual and group interviews; the discourses were analyzed, and central concepts were triangulated.Results: Humanized care is manifested through three dimensions: experiences in providing humanized care, factors that facilitate the delivery of humanized care and factors that hinder it. The categories included in the first dimension are equality, empathy, respect and learning. Factors that facilitate humanized care have the categories of welcoming and continuing education, and factors that hinder it have the categories of social name and suspicion. Conclusion: Humanized care for people with gender diversity requires values of equality and empathy, together with inclusive training from undergraduate level. Deficiency in the development of soft skills hinders the nurse-patient relationship, while suspicion of the gender-diverse person hinders first consultations. The integration of the social name and continuous training are essential to promote an environment of trust and reduce the feeling of vulnerability and discrimination.

Resumo: Introdução: O atendimento em saúde prestado pelos profissionais de enfermagem às pessoas com diversidade de gênero pode ser afetado negativamente pela heteronormatividade que historicamente rege a sociedade. Atualmente, é um desafio resguardar e buscar ações para proporcionar um cuidado humanizado e inclusivo. Objetivo: Compreender as vivências do profissional de enfermagem ao prestar o cuidado humanizado a pessoas com diversidade de gênero. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem fenomenológica. Foram entrevistados quatro profissionais de enfermagem. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e em grupo; os discursos foram analisados e foi realizada uma triangulação dos principais conceitos. Resultados: O cuidado humanizado se manifesta por meio de três dimensões: vivências ao fornecer cuidados humanizados, fatores que facilitam a prestação de cuidado humanizado e fatores que a dificultam. As categorias incluídas na primeira dimensão são igualdade, empatia, respeito e aprendizado. Os fatores que facilitam os cuidados humanizados incluem acolhimento e formação contínua, enquanto os fatores que os dificultam incluem o uso do nome social e o receio. Conclusão: O cuidado humanizado a pessoas com diversidade de gênero requer valores de igualdade e empatia, juntamente com formação inclusiva desde o nível de graduação. A deficiência no desenvolvimento de habilidades interpessoais dificulta o relacionamento enfermeiro-paciente, enquanto o receio da pessoa com diversidade de gênero dificulta as primeiras consultas. A integração do nome social e a formação continuada são essenciais para promover um ambiente de confiança e reduzir a sensação de vulnerabilidade e discriminação.

Resumen: Introducción: La atención en salud de los profesionales de enfermería a personas con diversidad de género puede verse afectada negativamente por la heteronormatividad que ha regido históricamente la sociedad. Actualmente es un desafío resguardar y buscar acciones para entregar un cuidado humanizado inclusivo. Objetivo: Comprender las vivencias del profesional de enfermería al brindar el cuidado humanizado a personas con diversidad de género. Método: Investigación cualitativa, con un enfoque fenomenológico. Se entrevistó a cuatro profesionales de enfermería. La información se recopiló a través de entrevistas individuales y grupales semiestructuradas; los discursos fueron analizados y se realizó una triangulación de los conceptos principales. Resultados: El cuidado humanizado se manifiesta a través de tres dimensiones: vivencias al brindar cuidados humanizados, factores que facilitan la entrega del cuidado humanizado y factores que lo dificultan. Las categorías incluidas en la primera dimensión son igualdad, empatía, respeto y aprendizaje. Los factores que facilitan los cuidados humanizados tienen como categorías la acogida y la formación continua, y los factores que lo dificultan tienen las categorías de nombre social y recelo. Conclusión: El cuidado humanizado a personas con diversidad de género requiere valores de igualdad y empatía, junto con una formación inclusiva desde pregrado. La deficiencia en el desarrollo de habilidades blandas dificulta la relación enfermero-paciente, mientras que el recelo de la persona con diversidad de género obstaculiza las primeras consultas. La integración del nombre social y la formación continua son esenciales para promover un ambiente de confianza y reducir la sensación de vulnerabilidad y discriminación.

Abstract: This study analyzes the experiences of 17 Colombian primary education teachers in caring for students with disabilities, registered in 17 educational institutions in 11 municipalities between 2018 and 2022. Through a narrative design and a questionnaire with open-ended questions, the interactions of these teachers with the educational environment were explored. Twelve psychological and thirteen pedagogical factors were identified, and their impact was examined depending on the types of disabilities and the specific characteristics of the students and educational contexts. The results reveal high variability and subjectivity in these factors, which can both favor and hinder inclusive educational practices. Additionally, the study examines the Individual Plan for Reasonable Adjustments, highlighting significant deficiencies in its implementation and resistance from some school sectors. This underscores challenges in adopting the inclusive education model promoted by the Colombian State. This analysis provides valuable insights for the continuous improvement of inclusive practices in the Colombian educational system

Resumen: Este estudio analiza las experiencias de 17 docentes colombianos de educación primaria en la atención a estudiantes con discapacidad, registradas en 17 instituciones educativas de 11 municipios entre 2018 y 2022. Mediante un diseño narrativo y un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas, se exploraron las interacciones de estos docentes con el entorno educativo. Se identificaron 12 factores psicológicos y 13 pedagógicos y se examinó su impacto en función de los tipos de discapacidad y las características específicas de los estudiantes y contextos educativos. Los resultados revelan una alta variabilidad y subjetividad en estos factores, los cuales pueden ser tanto favorecedores como obstaculizadores de las prácticas educativas inclusivas. Adicionalmente, el estudio examina el Plan Individual de Ajustes Razonables, destacando deficiencias significativas en su implementación y resistencia por parte de algunos sectores escolares, lo cual subraya desafíos en la adopción del modelo de educación inclusiva promovido por el Estado colombiano. Este análisis proporciona insights valiosos para la mejora continua de las prácticas inclusivas en el sistema educativo colombiano

Resumo: Este estudo analisa as experiências de 17 docentes colombianos do ensino primário no atendimento a alunos com deficiência, matriculados em 17 instituições de ensino em 11 municípios entre 2018 e 2022. Por meio de um desenho narrativo e de um questionário de perguntas abertas, foram exploradas as interações destes professores com o ambiente educacional. Foram identificados 12 fatores psicológicos e 13 pedagógicos e o seu impacto foi examinado em função dos tipos de deficiência e das características específicas dos estudantes e dos contextos educativos. Os resultados revelam alta variabilidade e subjetividade nesses fatores, o que pode favorecer ou dificultar práticas educativas inclusivas. Além disso, o estudo examina o Plano Individual de Ajustes Razoáveis, destacando falhas significativas na sua implementação e resistência por parte de alguns setores escolares, o que salienta desafios na adoção do modelo de educação inclusiva promovido pelo Estado colombiano. Esta análise fornece insights valiosos para a melhoria contínua das práticas inclusivas no sistema educacional colombiano

Abstract: This study proposes a model to evaluate the impact of a quality management system on the processes linked to teaching and learning in students recently graduated from the Faculty of Engineering at the Autonomous University of Baja California (Mexico). The perceptions of youth about the influence of processes directly related to their learning are gathered by using an online survey. The survey is evaluated by experts in academic areas and with experience implementing a quality system in the educational field. The sample consists of 82 participants at the end of the 2023-1 cycle. The results highlight a positive influence on student training and reveal areas for improvement to enrich future educational experience. It is concluded that this analysis allows identifying risks in quality management, opening the way to continuous improvement.

Resumen: Este estudio propone un modelo para evaluar el impacto de un sistema de gestión de calidad en los procesos vinculados con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en estudiantes recién egresados de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (México). Se recogen las percepciones de los jóvenes sobre la influencia de los procesos directamente relacionados con su aprendizaje utilizando una encuesta en línea. La encuesta es evaluada por expertos en áreas académicas y con experiencia en implementación de un sistema de calidad en el ámbito educativo. La muestra es de 82 participantes al final del ciclo 2023-1. Los resultados destacan una influencia positiva en la formación estudiantil y señalan áreas de mejora para enriquecer la experiencia educativa futura. Se concluye que este análisis permite identificar riesgos en la gestión de calidad, abriendo camino a la mejora continua.

The National Development Plan (NDP) advocates for the elimination of poverty, and the reduction of inequality by 2030. These goals can only be achieved if we harness the energies of the people, build an inclusive economy, develop skills, improve the capacity of the state and promote leadership and partnerships across society. This is to be achieved through transforming society more equitably and at the same time making the country more competitive in the global economic system. The article seeks to explore how institutions of higher learning can be transformed through the production of future professors with a developmental agenda. Therefore, the NDP advocates continuous professional development, lifelong learning and knowledge production, and innovation as a focus for building the capacity of individuals and society. The article employed the modernisation theory as a vehicle to drive social change and transformation in higher education. The article employed a systematic review of the literature on transformation and social change in higher education as advocated in the NDP. The findings of the article show that universal human development can be achieved by respecting human rights, promoting equality and empowering people to exercise the opportunities and choices they value in higher education. The article recommends that a structured interaction between lecturers and students within the context of transformative change and social justice should be prioritised in higher education. This can only be achieved through preparing the future professor with a developmental agenda to assist in shaping higher education by designing a curriculum that responds to the needs of the current cohort of students.

Abstract: This research analyzes the professional development of elementary school teachers in the light of two main points of reference: their professional career paths and their participation in performance assessment programs. In this qualitative study, by means of two tools from the biographical method (life stories and biograms), the authors retrace the professional paths of six Mexican elementary school teachers who took part in different performance assessment programs. They conclude that the career paths reveal a continuous search for better working conditions and that, even with the potential of the evaluations, the results show their partial and inconsistent use in the teachers’ careers. In the light of the analyzed career paths, performance assessment programs in Mexico only promote professional development to a limited extent and focus on individual performance.

Resumen: Esta investigación analiza el desarrollo profesional de docentes de primaria, a la luz de dos referentes: sus trayectorias profesionales y sus participaciones en programas de evaluación del desempeño. En este estudio cualitativo, mediante dos herramientas del enfoque biográfico (relatos de vida y biogramas), se reconstruyen trayectorias profesionales de seis docentes mexicanas(os) de primaria que participaron en diferentes programas de evaluación del desempeño. Se concluye que en las trayectorias profesionales se vislumbra la búsqueda permanente de mejores condiciones laborales y que, aun con el potencial de las evaluaciones, los resultados dan cuenta de su aprovechamiento parcial e inconsistente en la carrera del profesorado. A la luz de las trayectorias, los programas de evaluación del desempeño en México promueven de forma limitada el desarrollo profesional y se centran en el rendimiento individual.

Hierdie sewe-jaar longitudinale opvoedingstudie evalueer drie akademiese afleweringsmodusse vir deeltydse MBA-studente in hul Bemarkingsbestuursmodule, naamlik vol kontak (20172019), vol aanlyn tydens COVID-19 se harde inperking (2020-2021 en die daaropvolgende gemengde modus (2022-2023). Die studie het ten doel om te bepaal of die afleweringsmodus studente se akademiese prestasie beduidend beïnvloed. Die eenrigting-variansie-analise (EVA) het beduidende verskille tussen die afleweringsmodusse vir individuele opdragte (normatiewe assessering) en groepgevallestudies (summatiewe assessering) geïdentifiseer. Daar was ook betekenisvolle verskille tussen die akademiese prestasie ten opsigte van die finale saamgestelde portefeulje van kennis (wat as eksamen dien). Hierdie portefeulje bestaan uit 'n prakties-toegepaste bemarkingsplan. Die post-hoc toetse het getoon dat studente aansienlik beter gevaar het tydens die gemengde afleweringsmodus in individuele opdragte, terwyl die volledige aanlyn modus laer punte vir die groepgevallestudies gehad het. Beide die gemengde en volledige kontakmodusse het beduidende opeenvolgende verbetering vir die groepgevallestudies getoon, wat in elke gevallestudie verbetering getoon het namate die semester gevorder het. Dit verskil van volledige aanlyn onderrig. Die gemengde modus het ook aansienlik beter gevaar in die eksamen- en finale modulepunte en het selfs beter gevaar as volkontakklasse.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed the tertiary education landscape. Traditional contact universities were forced abruptly to adopt a full-distance education mode, a situation neither the students nor lecturers were prepared for. Many lectures and teaching activities were developed on the fly as universities struggled to roll out the needed support in double-time for lecturers and students. This new normal for education required integrating technology, advanced communication software, revised assessment techniques, and recognising the need for flexible and adaptable approaches to teaching and learning. Students also evolved and gained technological proficiency, adaptability, time management, soft skills, social media proficiency, and an awareness of health and well-being. Albeit uncertain in redefining the new normal, universities continue to provide quality education. However, exactly how university education should be delivered to a new breed of students in a new business environment is a challenge. This is even more so in the case of executive MBA students. After the hard lockdown and restrictions were lifted on 21 September 2020, the North-West University Business School started to explore other modes of academic content delivery. Reinstating a full contact delivery mode was not an option because of remaining restrictions. High technological investment, online-educated lecturers and students, and benefits and developments during online learning now form a new normal for the Business School. Which teaching method, or rather, which mode of delivery, is the most relevant and adequate? Should the MBA lectures return to the historic full-contact delivery mode, stick with the newly established full online mode, or attempt to integrate the benefits of both into a hybrid mode of delivering business education to a new breed of technology-savvy students? This study, therefore, examines the academic performance of the different delivery modes by comparing data of Executive MBA Marketing management students at the NWU Business School in South Africa. The study examines the academic performance of these students from 2017 up to 2023. The panel database consists of Executive MBA students'marks for the module in Marketing Management from 2017 up to 2023. The database contains marks for individual assignments, groupwork case studies, final individual- and groupwork marks, exam marks and the final module mark. The final assessment is a portfolio of evidence comprising a detailed marketing plan for a product, service, or organisation of choice. The mode of delivery served as the dependent variable, while the independent variables comprised the marks for each assignment (groupwork, individual and portfolio of evidence). Three delivery modes were compared, namely full-contact (2017-2019), full-online (2020-2021), and the post-pandemic hybrid mode currently in effect (2022-2023). The data comprised 630 cases. However, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) used 532 cases to compare the different groupwork assignments (230 full-contact students, 159 full-online students, and 143 hybrid students). Cronbach's alpha coefficient measured the data's reliability, and one-way ANOVA determined significant differences (p<.05) between the academic performance of the three delivery modes. The analysis confirmed that significant differences exist between the modes of delivery for individual assignments, group case studies and exams (p<.05). The Tukey ab post-hoc tests showed that students performed significantly better during the hybrid delivery mode in individual assignments (69.2%) than full contact (63.8%). Regarding the individual assignment, the full online (63.8%) and full contact (63.7%) delivery modes perform significantly worse than the hybrid (69.2%) delivery mode. Regarding the first group case study (Group Assignment 1), full online performs (67.3%) significantly worse than hybrid (71.1%) and full contact (73.6%) delivery modes. There is no significant difference between the hybrid and full contact delivery modes. In the second, third, and fourth group case studies (Group Assignments 2, 3 & 4), the hybrid delivery mode (82.37%, 75.4%, 82.7%) outperforms the full contact (75.4, 80.1%, 86.6%) and full-online (71.4%, 71.4%, 67.8%) modes. The hybrid delivery mode, therefore, proves to be more conducive towards academic performance in group work. Finally, in considering the final module mark, the hybrid delivery mode (71.0%) is significantly higher than the other two delivery modes. However, there is no significant difference between full online (67.5%) and full-contact (67.2%) delivery modes regarding the final module mark. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the better performance in the final module marks is a function of the groupwork where the students analysed case studies together. There are no significant differences in the exam marks between the delivery modes, so better academic performance in the hybrid mode of delivery where groupwork is concerned culminates in the better module mark. Based on the findings, it is evident that the hybrid mode of delivery results in the best academic performance. This observation is based on three reasons, namely 1) students performed better in both the normative and summative assessments during hybrid tuition; 2) there is continuous progressive learning throughout the semester regarding the group case studies (summative assessment). They learn to improve and hone their skills to analyse better and apply business solutions to real-life problems experienced by organisations. This is based on students' improving marks in the group case studies as they become more proficient in analysing and answering the applied case studies because they learn from each case study; and 3) the students perform better academically in their normative assessments and earn higher final module marks (partially due to reason 2). It is concluded that the hybrid delivery mode facilitates the academic performance of post-pandemic executive MBA Marketing management students. JEL KODES: I23, I21, M30

RESUMEN En la contemporaneidad globalizada diversas problemáticas inciden y repercuten en la vida del hombre como ente social. De ahí que, las universidades proyecten procesos formativos conforme a los desafíos y demandas educativas de la Agenda 2030. Cuba, inmersa en trasformaciones de su modelo económico, político y social, redimensiona la preparación para el empleo en la Educación Superior, desde la formación continua, en función de lograr egresados dotados de conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas, valores y competencias socio-profesionales para insertarse en el mercado laboral. En ese contexto, el artículo presenta un modelo de gestión formativa en la preparación para el empleo en el Ingeniero Informático en la Universidad de Oriente, constructo articulador en la concreción de las competencias socio-profesionales. El constructo teórico-práctico que expresa el vínculo universidad-empresa, emerge de los resultados de la formación doctoral. En tal sentido, se asumen métodos que permiten relacionar los aspectos teóricos que sustentan el modelo propuesto en interrelación con las categorías, a partir del análisis-síntesis, la revisión documental de investigaciones que se asumen y comparten, los que avalan la propuesta en su significación, importancia, actualidad e impacto.

ABSTRACT In today's globalized world, various problems affect and have repercussions on the life of man as a social entity. Hence, universities project training processes in accordance with the educational challenges and demands of the 2030 Agenda. Cuba, immersed in transformations of its economic, political and social model, resizes preparation for employment in Higher Education, from continuous training, in order to achieve graduates equipped with knowledge, skills, values and socio-professional competencies to enter the labor market. In this context, the article presents a training management model in preparation for employment in the Computer Engineer at the University of Oriente, an articulating construct in the realization of socio-professional competencies. The theoretical-practical construct that expresses the university-company link emerges from the results of doctoral training. In this sense, methods are assumed that allow relating the theoretical aspects that support the proposed model in interrelation with the categories, based on the analysis-synthesis, the documentary review of research that is assumed and shared, which endorse the proposal in its significance, importance, topicality and impact.

RESUMEN La superación del promotor del programa comunitario educa a tu hijo (PETH), es un proceso que trasciende la formación continua de los profesionales de la primera infancia por su encargo social. Guarda una estrecha relación con los cambios por los que ha transitado la sociedad en su decursar y respondiendo de manera directa a la gestión medioambiental en el contexto rural. Es en tal sentido que en la presente investigación se frecen algunos resultados de la investigación realizada para estudios de formación doctoral que permiten identificar las diferentes etapas y características que distinguen el desarrollo histórico del proceso de superación en educación ambiental del promotor (PETH) para su gestión medioambiental en el contexto rural. Para un correcto estudio del proceso se utilizaron los métodos teóricos como el análisis - síntesis, la inducción - deducción, el histórico - lógico permitió realizar un análisis cronológico sincrónico y dialéctico de la evolución del proceso de manera global y especificar su impacto en la superación de los promotores en Cuba y en particular en el municipio San Luis. Los resultados revelaron que el proceso ha transitado por diferentes etapas, de cuyo estudio resultan sus características fundamentales con especial interés en la primera infancia.

ABSTRACT The overcoming of the promoter of the community program educates your son (PETH), it is a process that the continuous formation of the professionals of the first childhood transcends for its social responsibility. He keeps a narrow relationship with the changes for those that it has trafficked the society and responding from a direct way to the environmental administration in the rural context. It is in such a sense that in the present investigation you frecen some results of the investigation carried out for studies of doctoral formation that allow to identify the different stages and characteristic that distinguish the historical development of the overcoming process in the promoter's environmental education (PETH) for their environmental administration in the rural context. For a correct study of the process the theoretical methods were used as the analysis - synthesis, the induction - deduction, the historical one - logical he/she allowed to carry out a synchronous and dialectical chronological analysis of the evolution of the process in a global way and to specify their impact in the overcoming of the promoters in Cuba and in particular in the municipality San Luis. The results revealed that the process has trafficked for different stages of whose study is their fundamental characteristics with special interest in the first childhood.

RESUMEN Vinculada a la Teoría educativa, la Educación Avanzada, reúne el caudal pedagógico de la escuela cubana e introduce de manera armónica la formación posgraduada del capital humano que aporta eficacia y especialización en sectores estratégicos de la economía y la sociedad cubana, en lo que, el mejoramiento a través de la superación continua y permanente, constituye un gran reto. En ese sentido, este artículo expone los principales desafíos que se asumen desde la superación como alternativa imprescindible para el desarrollo profesional y humano, a partir de los sustentos de la Educación Avanzada. El estudio se auxilia de los métodos: revisión documental y la sistematización para revelar la percepción de la superación en el tránsito progresivo del capital humano hacia un estado cualitativamente superior en lo profesional, que le permita convertirse en un ente dinamizador, desde la actualización de los conocimientos, la formación permanente de valores, las capacidades de emprendimiento sean necesarias para afrontar los retos del futuro, las destrezas y competencias, que promuevan el propio desarrollo de su desempeño, revelado con los públicos internos y externos.

ABSTRACT Linked to educational theory, Advanced Education brings together the pedagogical wealth of the Cuban school and harmoniously introduces the postgraduate training of human capital that provides efficiency and specialization in strategic sectors of the Cuban economy and society, in which, the Improvement through continuous and permanent improvement constitutes a great challenge. In that sense, this article exposes the main challenges that are assumed from improvement as an essential alternative for professional and human development, based on the foundations of Advanced Education. The study is aided by the methods: documentary review and systematization to reveal the perception of improvement in the progressive transition of human capital towards a qualitatively superior state professionally, which allows it to become a dynamic entity, from the updating of the knowledge, the permanent formation of values, the entrepreneurial capabilities that are necessary to face the challenges of the future, the skills and competencies that promote the development of one's performance, revealed to internal and external audiences.

Students' research, interactivity, experiences, and exposure have increasingly become important indicators of quality in higher education, however these expectations declined during COVID-19 pandemic. While studies have been conducted on postgraduate students' experiences during their studies, there is lack of empirical evidence on their experiences during COVID-19 pandemic, specifically at open distance learning institutions (ODLs). To bridge this identified gap, qualitative exploratory research was conducted to explore the experiences of postgraduate students registered in master's and doctoral programmes at the Department of Health Studies, University of South Africa, during the pandemic. Non-probability purposive sampling was used. Online interviews via Microsoft Teams were used for data collection. The interviews were recorded and the data obtained were analysed thematically. Findings revealed both positive and negative experiences. Anxiety, exhaustion and frustration due to sickness, death of family members, poor communication from the university, inadequate resources and poor internet access affected students' studies. Some participants reported lack of supervisory communication and support, while others applauded the continuous support of their supervisors and the university's improvement of its electronic communication linkages. Microsoft Teams was newly adopted. Working from home also gave them an opportunity to accelerate their studies. In conclusion based on the findings the researcher recommended that the university continue to improve academic support and address the mental health of students to prepare them to accept current and future unforeseen circumstances positively. Strengthening collaboration with national and international partners to enhance continuous online communication between the university and the students should also be considered.

Resumen: En los sistemas educativos, los modelos de gestión se adaptan con la finalidad de fortalecer el sistema en su conjunto, mejorar la calidad educativa y propender al desarrollo del conocimiento. Por lo tanto, las instituciones de educación superior (IES) deben adoptar nuevos modelos de gestión que permita una administración eficiente para alcanzar sus metas. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar tres modelos de gestión: Garvin, Deming e ISO 21001:2018, mediante un enfoque analítico-sintético-deductivo. Además, se ha buscado hacer una triangulación de información que permita realizar un análisis comparativo, considerando que no existe como regla general un modelo de gestión aplicable debido a que cada institución presenta diversas características, procesos estructuración institucional propia. Por esta razón, se ha planteado una propuesta dirigida a establecer nuevas perspectivas en la gestión de instituciones de educación superior en el que se recogen las mejores prácticas y dimensiones adaptadas a los requerimientos a los que se ven abocados las IES. La propuesta se ha basado en cinco categorías del modelo: procesos, funciones, objetivos-metas, mejora continua y liderazgo, en base a la vigencia, pertinencia y adaptabilidad para las IES, considerando aspectos científicos, tecnológicos y demandas de la sociedad.

Abstract: In educational systems, management models are adapted with the aim of strengthening the system as a whole, improving educational quality and promoting the development of knowledge. Therefore, higher education institutions (HEIs) must adopt new management models that allow efficient administration to achieve their goals. The objective of this study is to analyze three management models: Garvin, Deming and ISO 21001:2018 through an analytical-synthetic-deductive approach, in addition to a triangulation of information that allows for a comparative analysis, considering that there is no general rule of thumb. applicable management model because each institution presents various characteristics, its own institutional structuring processes, which is why a proposal is proposed aimed at establishing new perspectives in the management of higher education institutions in which the best practices and dimensions adapted to the requirements to which HEIs are faced. The proposal is based on five categories of the model: processes, functions, objectives-goals, continuous improvement and leadership, based on validity, relevance and adaptability for HEIs, considering scientific, technological aspects and demands of society.

Abstract Introduction: Rett syndrome is a genetic disease associated with neurological and developmental disorders typically caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. It mainly affects females and can lead to severe physical and mental abnormalities. Objective: To learn about the educational needs of a student with Rett Syndrome attending a mainstream school, from an early age and taking into account her family's perspective. Methods: An intrinsic case study was conducted on a 9-year-old girl who was diagnosed with Rett syndrome at the age of 5 years and is in stage 3 (pseudo-stationary period). The child's school and medical reports, systematic observations, and the mother's testimony were used as data collection instruments. Results: The results show the impact of the disease from an educational point of view, the educational, care, and social needs, and the main advantages and difficulties of inclusive education. The findings reveal concerns about the lack of coordination between the health and education systems, as well as the contradiction in the information provided, leading to confusion about the best practices for the holistic development of the affected persons and the differences between early intervention and later care which is scarce. Conclusion: These findings underline the importance of addressing the education of individuals with Rett syndrome in a holistic manner, recognizing both their specific needs and the opportunities and difficulties associated with educational inclusion. Attention to needs must be interdisciplinary, continuous, and long-term.

Resumo Introdução: A síndrome de Rett é uma doença genética associada a perturbações neurológicas e do desenvolvimento, tipicamente causada por mutações no gene MECP2. Afecta principalmente o sexo feminino e pode levar a graves anomalias físicas e mentais. Objetivo: Conhecer as necessidades educativas de uma aluna com Síndrome de Rett a frequentar uma escola regular, desde a infância e tendo em conta a perspetiva familiar. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo de caso intrínseco a uma menina de 9 anos a quem foi diagnosticada a síndrome de Rett aos 5 anos de idade e que se encontra na fase 3 (período pseudo-estacionário). Foram utilizados como instrumentos de recolha de dados os relatórios escolares e médicos da criança, observações sistemáticas e o testemunho da mãe. Resultados: Os resultados mostram o impacto da doença do ponto de vista educativo, as necessidades educativas, assistenciais e sociais e as principais vantagens e dificuldades da educação inclusiva. Os resultados revelam preocupações sobre a falta de coordenação entre os sistemas de saúde e de educação, bem como a contradição na informação fornecida, levando à confusão sobre as melhores práticas para o desenvolvimento holístico das pessoas afectadas e as diferenças entre a intervenção precoce e os cuidados posteriores, que são escassos. Conclusão: Estes resultados sublinham a importância de abordar a educação dos indivíduos com síndrome de Rett de uma forma holística, reconhecendo tanto as suas necessidades específicas como as oportunidades e dificuldades associadas à inclusão educativa. A atenção às necessidades deve ser interdisciplinar, contínua e a longo prazo.

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de Rett es una enfermedad genética que se relaciona con trastornos neurológicos y del desarrollo causados típicamente por mutaciones en el gen MECP2. Afecta principalmente al sexo femenino y puede conducir a graves anomalías físicas y mentales. Objetivo: Conocer las necesidades educativas de una alumna con Síndrome de Rett escolarizada en un centro ordinario, desde una edad temprana y teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de su familia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de caso intrínseco, una niña de 9 años que fue diagnosticada con 5 años con síndrome de Rett y se encuentra en fase 3 (periodo pseudo-estacionario). Se utilizaron como instrumentos de recogida de datos los informes escolares y médicos de la niña, observaciones sistemáticas y el testimonio de la madre. Resultados: Los resultados muestran la repercusión de la enfermedad desde el punto de vista educativo, las necesidades educativas, asistenciales y sociales y las principales ventajas y dificultades de la educación inclusiva. Los hallazgos revelan preocupaciones sobre la falta de coordinación entre los sistemas sanitario y educativo, así como la contradicción en la información proporcionada, generando confusión en cuanto a las mejores prácticas para el desarrollo integral de las personas afectadas y las diferencias entre la Atención Temprana y la atención posterior que es escasa. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de abordar de manera integral la educación de individuos con síndrome de Rett, reconociendo tanto sus necesidades específicas como las oportunidades y dificultades asociadas a la inclusión educativa. La atención a las necesidades debe ser interdisciplinar, continua y de larga duración.