Resumen Introducción: A nivel mundial, la expansión de actividades humanas continúa teniendo un riesgo para muchas especies de cuerpo grande, tal como los jaguares. Conforme continúen estas actividades, es crucial entender el impacto de paisajes modificados sobre el tamaño de su territorio. Objetivo: Evaluar la importancia de terrenos protegidos y no protegidos sobre el tamaño de su territorio a lo largo de su rango. Métodos: Usamos datos de tamaño de los territorios de 117 jaguares en varias categorías de protección de hábitats y biomas humanos. Usamos un Modelo Mixto Lineal Generalizado para probar traslapes espaciales y de territorios con categorías de conservación y biomas humanos. Resultados: La mayoría de los territorios estaban en Unidades de Conservación de Jaguares (62 %), seguido por Áreas protegidas (21 %), Tierras de Pueblos Indígenas (10 %) y Corredores de Movimiento de Jaguares (3 %), en donde el 76 % de los jaguares vivían dentro de alguna de las primeras tres modalidades de conservación. Sin embargo, fuera de áreas protegidas, pastizales, tierras de cultivo, terrenos seminaturales y otros biomas humanos también fueron importantes (24 % de individuos). Jaguares en pastizales, tierras de cultivo, y terrenos seminaturales tuvieron territorios más grandes. Conclusiones: Aunque las áreas de conservación fueron dominantes, áreas con impacto humano parecieron jugar un rol considerable en satisfacer los requerimientos espaciales de los jaguares.

Abstract Introduction: Worldwide, expanding human activities continue to be a threat to many large-bodied species, including jaguars. As these activities continue, it is critical to understand how home range sizes will be impacted by human-modified landscapes. Objective: To evaluate the importance of protected and unprotected land on home-range size across their range. Methods: We used home range data from 117 jaguars in several habitat protection categories and human biome types. We used a Generalized Linear Mixed Model to test home range and spatial overlap with conservation categories and human biomes. Results: Most home-ranges were in Jaguar Conservation Units (62 %), followed by Protected Areas (21 %), Indigenous People's Lands (10 %) and Jaguar Movement Corridors (3 %), where 76 % of the jaguars lived inside one the first three conservation types. However, outside of conserved land, Rangeland, Cropland, Seminatural land and other human biomes were also important (24 % of the individuals). Jaguars in Rangeland, Cropland and Seminatural land had the largest home ranges. Conclusions: Although conservation land was dominant, human-impacted lands appear to play a considerable role in satisfying the spatial requirements of jaguars.

Abstract The process of temperate forest harvesting generates reversible impacts on the soil by altering its properties, mainly due to the reduction of vegetation, as well as to cutting and dragging of wood, which causes an increase in apparent density and reduces infiltration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different forest management practices on the physical-hydrological properties of the soil and their relationship with water infiltration in temperate forest soils. The study areas were: recently intervened area, with the intervention dating back 18 years, and conservation area (control) in a temperate pine-oak forest under exploitation in the state of Hidalgo. The variables evaluated were bulk density and porosity (methodology proposed by USDA), granulometry (Bouyoucos method), and infiltration tests with the double-ring method. The results for bulk density were higher in the recently intervened area (0.62 g cm-3) and lower in the conservation area (0.32 g cm-3). Porosity in the conserved area was 11 % higher than in the recently intervened area (88 and 77 %, respectively). The infiltration rate in the conserved area was 2.641 cm min-1 compared to 0.655 cm min-1 in the area intervened 18 years ago. The authors conclude that the bulk density of the soil increases, while the porosity and infiltration capacity decrease with the implementation of harvesting activities ―a situation that gradually recovers with the establishment of new forests.

Resumen El proceso de aprovechamiento del bosque templado genera impactos reversibles en el suelo al alterar sus propiedades, principalmente por la reducción de la vegetación, troceo y arrastre de la madera que ocasiona aumento en la densidad aparente y reduce la infiltración. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes prácticas de manejo forestal sobre propiedades físico-hidrológicas del suelo y su relación con la infiltración del agua en los suelos de un bosque de clima templado. Las áreas de estudio fueron: área de reciente intervención, intervenida hace 18 años y área de conservación (testigo) en un bosque templado de pino-encino bajo aprovechamiento en el estado de Hidalgo. Las variables evaluadas fueron, densidad aparente y porosidad (metodología propuesta por USDA), granulometría (método de Bouyoucos) y pruebas de infiltración con el método de doble anillo. Los resultados de la densidad aparente fueron mayores en el área de reciente intervención (0.62 g cm-3) y menor en el área de conservación (0.32 g cm-3). La porosidad en el área conservada superó en 11 % al área de reciente intervención (88 y 77 %, respectivamente). La tasa de infiltración en el área conservada tuvo 2.641 cm min-1 en comparación con 0.655 cm min-1 del área intervenida hace 18 años. Se concluye que la densidad aparente del suelo se incrementa mientras que la porosidad y capacidad de infiltración disminuyen con la ejecución de las actividades de aprovechamiento, situación que se recupera en forma gradual con el establecimiento de los nuevos bosques.

Abstract The southern region of the Amazon stands out for the growing agricultural development and installation of large hydroelectric projects. Given this scenario, the objective of this study was to quantify the Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs), Permanent Preservation Areas, of the water bodies of the Teles Pires river basin according to the current legislation, checking whether there is conflict regarding the use and occupation of these areas, and then check for the occurrence of degradation and identify the environmental fragility of the area. Using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), the water bodies located in the study area were delineated and the APPs were delimited according to Law 12,651/2012. To identify the existence of conflicts within these areas, a map of land use and occupation was generated through Maximum Likelihood supervised classification, which was compared with the limits of the APPs, considering conflict areas whose land use is related to anthropic activities. Lastly, the potential and emerging fragility of the area were calculated, considering data of the slope, soil type and land cover/land use. The delimited APP comprised 3.96% of the total area of the basin and it showed a state of low degradation, with 83.83% of the area conserved under native vegetation cover and 15.93% showing conflicting type of use, with the occupation by pastures standing out, and among the APP categories mapped the headwaters were the most impacted. The spatialization of conflicts within the basin indicated that it has a very different conservation pattern, with the most critical areas concentrated in the center-east, where municipalities that have more than 40% of the APP occupied by anthropic activities are located. The north of the basin has areas with higher potential fragility, which is attenuated by the great soil protection.

Abstract This study evaluated the effectiveness of Federal Protected Areas on the coast of the state of Paraíba in northeastern Brazil with regard to the preservation of mangrove forests. The study area encompassed remaining mangrove forests distributed in four federal protected areas (PAs) located in Paraíba: Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (AREI) of Mangroves of the Mamanguape River, Environmental Protection Area (EPA) of the Mamanguape River, the Restinga de Cabedelo National Forest (NATFOR), and the Acaú-Goiana Extractive Reserve (EXTRES). The methods consisted of a spatiotemporal analysis considering the year of creation of each PA, with mapping and quantification as well as the assessment of impacts and effectiveness. NATFOR and EXTRES had the most conserved mangrove areas on the temporal scale, whereas AREI and EPA had the largest reductions in areas of mangrove forest. Urban expansion, sugarcane monoculture, and shrimp farming represented the main negative impacts spatially identified in these PAs. Based on the results of this study, the mangrove forests analyzed have continually suffered anthropogenic pressures since their creation as protected areas. The greatest effectiveness in the preservation of mangrove forests was found in Acaú-Goiana EXTRES and the least effectiveness was found in the AREI of Mangroves of the Mamanguape River.

Abstract Leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonosis transmitted by vectors, with dogs being the main domestic reservoirs. Brazil is one of the countries most affected by this disease, and it has been described in humans and dogs in every region in the country. In the northern region leishmaniasis cases in humans have been described in more than 100 municipalities in the State, including the capital, Belém. This study involves two cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis in which the animals developed clinical signs compatible with the disease in urban areas in Belém, the Pará state capital. The diagnosis was confirmed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect SSUr-rDNA and kDNA of Leishmania sp. and Leishmania infantum, respectively. In one of the cases the animal died and in the other the animal underwent treatment with medicines prescribed for dogs. Through this treatment, parasitemia in the second animal has been kept under control and is being monitored through molecular tests. Previously, no canine cases had been notified from urban neighborhoods in the city of Belém, but only on the island of Cotijuba, at a distance of 29 kilometers from the city. Cases of canine and human leishmaniasis have been recorded close to the capital, Belém, which has areas of conserved vegetation and where the presence of disease vectors has been described. Thus, as has been done in several other Brazilian cities, this study uses clinical and laboratory findings to confirm the presence of autochthonous cases of canine visceral leishmaniasis in the city of Belém.

Resumo A leishmaniose é uma antropozoonose transmitida por vetores, sendo os cães os principais reservatórios domésticos. O Brasil é um dos países mais acometidos por esta doença, sendo descrita em humanos e cães em todas as regiões do país. Na região norte casos de leishmaniose em humanos foram descritos em mais de 100 municípios do Estado, incluindo a capital, Belém. Este estudo envolve dois casos de leishmaniose visceral canina em que os animais desenvolveram sinais clínicos compatíveis com a doença em áreas urbanas de Belém, capital do estado do Pará. O diagnóstico foi confirmado pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detectar o SSUr-rDNA e kDNA de Leishmania sp e Leishmania infantum, respectivamente. Em um dos casos o animal veio a óbito e no outro o animal foi submetido a tratamento com medicamentos prescritos para cães. Por meio desse tratamento, a parasitemia no segundo animal foi mantida sob controle e está sendo monitorada por meio de testes moleculares. Anteriormente, nenhum caso canino havia sido notificado em bairros urbanos da cidade de Belém, apenas na ilha de Cotijuba, distante 29 quilômetros da cidade. Casos de leishmaniose canina e humana foram registrados próximo à capital, Belém, que possui áreas de vegetação conservada e onde foi descrita a presença de vetores de doenças. Assim, como tem sido registrado em várias outras cidades brasileiras, este estudo utiliza achados clínicos e laboratoriais para confirmar a presença de casos autóctones de leishmaniose visceral canina na cidade de Belém.

ABSTRACT The construction of highways is a major threat to biodiversity the Cerrado. From the phytosociological analyzes in the non aedificandi ranges, this work evaluated its conservation status of cerrado vegetation near highways. The study was carried out in four regions of Cerrado: northwest (NO-GO), south (S-GO) and southeast of Goiás State (SE-GO), and in the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto do Paranaíba in Minas Gerais (TRI). All tree individuals with C30cm (circunference measuredat 30 cm of soil height) > 15 cm, present in 100 plots (50 m x 10 m) independently arranged. The survey showed 1663 individuals distributed in 163 species and 44 families. The density for the regions was 504.44, 395, 307.69 and 151.03 ha-1. The highest similarity on the basis of the Jaccard and Morisita-Horn indices occurred between the TRI and SE-GO areas (0.340 and 0.550), while the lowest values were between the northwest (NO-GO) and south (S-GO) of Goiás State (0.086 and 0.159). Of the species found on the roadsides, 76.3% were also found in conserved areas. The vegetated strips along the highways form small habitats capable of sustaining a diversity similar to that found in natural areas, yet these environments suffer from anthropic disturbances favoring the occurrence of unusual species of that native community.

RESUMO A construção de rodovias representa uma das principais ameaças à biodiversidade do Cerrado. A partir de análises fitossociológicas nas faixas non aedificandi (sem edificação), avaliou-se o estado de conservação da vegetação de cerrado localizadas nas margens de rodovias. O estudo foi realizado em quatro regiões do Cerrado brasileiro: noroeste (NO-GO), sul (S-GO) e sudeste de Goiás (SE-GO), e no Triângulo Mineiro e Alto do Paranaíba em Minas Gerais (TRI). Foram inventariados todos os indivíduos arbóreos com C30cm (circunferência mensurada a 30 cm de altura do solo) > 15 cm presentes em 100 parcelas (50 m x 10 m) dispostas de maneira independente. O levantamento amostrou 1663 indivíduos distribuídos em 163 espécies e 44 famílias. A densidade para as regiões foi de 504,44, 395, 307,69 e 151,03 ha-1. A maior similaridade, com base nos índices de Jaccard e Morisita-Horn, ocorreu entre as áreas TRI e SE-GO (0,340 e 0,550), enquanto o menor valor entre as áreas a noroeste (NO-GO) e sul (S-GO) de Goiás (0,086 e 0,159). Das espécies encontradas nas margens de rodovias, 76,3% foram encontradas também em áreas conservadas. As faixas vegetadas nas margens das rodovias formam pequenos habitats capazes de sustentar uma diversidade semelhante à encontrada em áreas naturais, no entanto, esses ambientes sofrem com perturbações antrópicas, favorecendo a ocorrência de espécies incomuns daquela comunidade nativa.

Abstract Background: Rivers and their associated vegetation are considered highly complex natural systems representing high biodiversity areas that work as biological corridors. Nevertheless, riparian vegetation of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve (MBBR) has not been studied nor considered in the reserve’s management program. Questions: Which is the composition, structure, diversity, and state of conservation of the riparian vegetation of the MBBR? Study site and dates: The Senguio Microbasin, part of Sierra Chincua Priority Terrestrial Region, within the MBBR, in central México. 2016-2017. Methods: Using high-resolution imagery from 2014, we identified five joint categories in relation to the protection status (Core Zone, Buffer Zone, and Influence Area) and land use (conserved forest, highly disturbed forest, and farmland). We sampled three sites per category (N = 15) to analyze the composition, richness, and α and β diversity of the riparian communities. Results: We registered 108 species, 46 genera, and 18 families, of which 98 % are native and 2 % exotic. Richness and α-diversity were not significantly different among sites, but the composition and β-diversity showed significant differences depending on land use. The riparian vegetation is well conserved both in the Reserve´s Core and Buffer zones, and preserves high coverage, species richness, and individuals’ abundance. Conclusions: The riparian vegetation of the Senguio Microbasin hosts a biodiversity richness critical for the ecosystem’s health and evidences the relevance of considering the human use of the riparian systems to succeed in the conservation strategies.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los ríos y su vegetación asociada son sistemas naturales complejos que forman corredores biológicos de alta diversidad. En la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca (RBMM), la vegetación riparia no ha sido estudiada ni considerada en su programa de manejo. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la composición, estructura, diversidad y estado de conservación de la vegetación riparia de la RBMM? Sitio y años de estudio: Microcuenca Senguio (Región Terrestre Prioritaria Sierra Chincua y RBMM), centro de México. 2016-2017. Métodos: Mediante imágenes de satélite de alta resolución identificamos cinco categorías integradas en relación con el estatus de protección (Zona Núcleo, Zona de Amortiguamiento y Área de Influencia) y uso del suelo (bosque conservado, bosque perturbado y tierras agrícolas). Muestreamos tres sitios por categoría (N = 15) y analizamos composición, riqueza y diversidad α y β de la vegetación riparia. Resultados: Registramos 108 especies (98 % nativas y 2 % exóticas), 46 géneros y 18 familias. La riqueza y la diversidad α no fueron significativamente diferentes entre los sitios muestreados. La composición y la diversidad β mostraron diferencias según el uso del suelo. La vegetación riparia de esta microcuenca está bien conservada tanto en Zona Núcleo como de Amortiguamiento, manteniendo alta cobertura, riqueza de especies y abundancia de individuos. Conclusiones: La vegetación riparia de la Microcuenca Senguio alberga una riqueza de biodiversidad fundamental para el estado del ecosistema, y pone en relieve la necesidad de considerar el manejo de los sistemas riparios para contribuir al éxito de las estrategias de conservación.

Resumen Introducción. La enfermedad de Chagas y la leishmaniasis tradicionalmente se han considerado zoonosis endémicas de áreas rurales del país. Sin embargo, la aparición de casos de estas enfermedades en áreas urbanas sugiere nuevos ciclos de circulación de estos parásitos. Por esta razón, se ha propuesto a los perros como centinelas de estos agentes zoonóticos, dado su rol como huéspedes accidentales o reservorios. Objetivo. Evaluar la circulación silenciosa de Leishmania spp. y Trypanosoma cruzi en perros de zonas urbanas de la ciudad de Sincelejo, Sucre. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 100 muestras de sangre de perros para amplificar la región ITS1 de Leishmania spp. Las muestras positivas se utilizaron para amplificar la región conservada del minicírculo del ADN del cinetoplasto de Leishmania infantum y para el análisis de polimorfismos de longitud de fragmentos de restricción con la endonucleasa HaelII. Por otra parte, se amplificó un fragmento del ADN satelital de T cruzi. Además, se evaluó la presencia de infecciones por Ehrlichia canis y Anaplasma platys, como potencialmente modificadoras de las manifestaciones clínicas. Resultados. De los 100 perros estudiados, se detectó: Leishmania spp. en 32, T. cruzi en 12, ambos parásitos en 7 y L. infantum en 18. Se encontraron infecciones por anaplasmatáceos en 18, y coinfecciones por bacterias y parásitos en 8 de los perros. En general, 47 de los animales estaban infectados por, al menos, un agente etiológico. Conclusión. Se demuestra la circulación de L. infantum y T. cruzi en zonas urbanas de Sincelejo, así como coinfecciones de estos parásitos junto con parásitos de la familia Anaplasmataceae. El presente estudio demuestra la conveniencia del uso de perros en la vigilancia epidemiológica de estos agentes zoonóticos.

Abstract Introduction: Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi are considered endemic zoonotic agents in rural areas of the country; however, there is a high risk of urbanization due to anthropogenic processes. For this reason, dogs have been proposed as sentinels of these zoonoses given their role as patients, hosts and/or reservoirs. Objective: To assess the silent circulation of Leishmania spp. and Tcruzi parasites in canines from urban areas of Sincelejo, Sucre. Materials and methods: One hundred canine blood samples were used to amplify the ITS1 region of Leishmania spp. Positive samples were used to amplify the conserved region of the kinetoplast DNA minicircle of L. infantum and for restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis with HaelII endonuclease. In addition, a satellite DNA of T cruzi was amplified. Also, the presence of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys was evaluated as infections that can influence clinical symptoms and health of animals. Results: Leishmania spp. was detected in 32% (32/100) and Tcruzi in 12% (12/100) of the animals, and 7% (7/100) of the samples were positive for both parasites. Also, L. infantum and infections with Anaplasmataceae family parasites were both detected in 18 % (18/100) of the samples. In the same way, co-infections with bacteria and parasites were found in 8 % (8/100) of the animals. Overall, 47 % (47/100) of the animals were infected with at least one agent. Conclusion: The circulation of L. infantum and Tcruzi, as well as co-infections of pathogens of the Anaplasmataceae family, is demonstrated in urban areas of Sincelejo. The present study demonstrates the convenience of canines as epidemiological surveillance sentinels of these zoonotic agents.

Resumen Los conflictos socioambientales son uno de los principales motivadores del debate público, la movilización y la organización social en Latinoamérica. Allí se cuestiona al modelo extractivista y de desarrollo vigente, a la vez que se buscan alternativas que permitan la con tinuidad de la vida. Por su parte, los pueblos ancestrales del continente reclaman sus derechos territoriales, promulgando un modelo de vida comunitario y armónico, como el buen vivir. Este artículo presenta el conflicto por la explotación minera del Cerro Largo, localizado en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), poniéndolo en tensión e interpretándolo bajo conceptualizaciones de la cosmovisión indígena mapuche, a la cual las autoras adhieren. Este cerro pertenece al territorio ancestral mapuche, que ha sido saqueado largamente por parte del Estado Nacional y sectores privados. Se discute sobre el ejercicio de derechos frente a estas violencias, el aporte de la interpretación y vivencia mapuche sobre el territorio y el conflicto, y la oportunidad de avanzar en una conservación innovadora, como los Territorios y Áreas Conservados por Pueblos Indígenas y Comunidades Locales (TICCA). Se instala el debate sobre el rol de los pueblos preexistentes en la conservación del patrimonio natural-cultural de la provincia de Buenos Aires, donde han sido invisibilizados sistemáticamente.

Abstract Socio-environmental conflicts are one of the main motivators of public debate, mobilization, and social organization in Latin America, questioning the current extractivist and development model while looking for alternatives that allow the continuity of life. The an cestral peoples of the continent claim their territorial rights, promulgating a model of community and harmonious life such as "good living." This article will present the conflict over the Cerro Largo mining exploitation, located in the province of Buenos Aires (Argen tina), putting it in tension and interpreting it under conceptualizations of the indigenous Mapuche worldview, to which the authors adhere. This hill belongs to the ancestral Mapuche territory that has been looted for a long time by the National State and private sectors. This article discusses the exercise of rights in the face of these violent acts, the contribution of the Mapuche interpretation and experience of the territory and the conflict, and the opportunity to advance in innovative conservation, such as the Territories and Areas Conserved by Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (ICCA), setting up the debate on the role of these peoples in the conservation of the natural-cultural heritage in Buenos Aires province, where this population has been systematically made invisible.

Abstract Background: Obligate outcrossing species (such as dioecious species) are more vulnerable to habitat fragmentation than self-compatible hermaphrodite trees. Questions: What is the effect of restoration intervention in the populations of dioecious, monoecious, and hermaphrodite tree species in permanent agricultural landscapes? Study site and dates: 8-year-old restoration settings in the seasonally dry tropical forest in Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, Morelos, Mexico. Methods: We measure richness and density of dioecious, monoecious, and hermaphrodite tree species with Diameter at Breast Height ≥ 2.5 cm in perturbed, 8-year-old restoration settings (plantings and natural succession) and conserved habitats. Results: Overall habitats, 2,042 trees from 46 species in 18 families were identified; the highest percentage of species and trees were hermaphrodites (63 % of species and 78 % of trees), the lowest percentage of species were monoecious (9 %) and the lowest percentage of trees (10 %) were dioecious. In the plantings were registered the largest number of species (37 species) and in the conserved habitat the largest number of trees (852 trees). Density and richness of dioecious, monoecious, and hermaphrodite species did not differ by habitat, contrary to our predictions. For dioecious trees, the restored and conserved habitats showed similar composition heterogeneity. Composition of hermaphrodites in agricultural landscapes differed the most with the conserved habitat. Conclusions: Dioecious and monoecious species are favored in agricultural landscapes due to their use value. Selection of species for restoration plantings should consider sexual systems of trees to recover not only forest structure but also ecosystem function.

Resumen: Antecedentes: Las plantas con entrecruzamiento obligado (e.g., dioicas) son más vulnerables a la fragmentación que las auto-compatibles (e.g., hermafroditas). Pregunta: ¿Cuál es el efecto de la restauración en las especies dioicas, monoicas y hermafroditas en paisajes agropecuarios permanentes? Sitio y años de estudio: Áreas bajo restauración ecológica de 8 años en la selva estacionalmente seca de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, México. Métodos: Medimos la riqueza y densidad de árboles dioicos, monoicos y hermafroditas con un diámetro a la altura del pecho ≥ 2.5 cm en hábitats perturbados, restaurados y conservados. Resultados: Incluyendo todos los hábitats, registramos 2,042 árboles de 46 especies en 18 familias; el porcentaje más alto de especies (63 %) y árboles (78 %) fueron hermafroditas, el porcentaje más bajo de especies fueron monoicas (9 %) y el más bajo de árboles (10 %) fueron dioicos. En las plantaciones se registró el mayor número de especies (37) y en el hábitat conservado el mayor número de árboles (852). La riqueza y densidad de árboles por sistema sexual, no difirió por hábitat, contrario a lo esperado. Los hábitats restaurados y conservados mostraron la mayor heterogeneidad de árboles dioicos. La composición de hermafroditas en el paisaje agropecuario fue la que más difirió de la del hábitat conservado. Conclusiones: Las especies dioicas y monoicas han sido favorecidas en los paisajes agropecuarios debido su valor de uso. La selección de especies para restauración debe considerar el sistema sexual para recuperar la estructura y la función del ecosistema.

Resumo Estudos que visam quantificar e analisar a dinâmica do crescimento da vegetação, fornecem informações para o manejo e conservação das florestas ao longo do tempo. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi analisar a dinâmica e o crescimento em área basal, em diferentes intervalos (2008-2016; 2008-2017 e 2008-2019), em duas áreas com diferentes históricos de perturbação e uso, no município de Floresta - PE. Foram instaladas 40 parcelas permanentes de 20 m x 20 m, com coleta de dados do ano de 2008 até 2019, em duas áreas, A1: menos conservada e A2: mais conservada, em que foram medidos os indivíduos e fustes com circunferência a 1,30 m do solo ≥ 6 cm. Foi verificado o número de indivíduos e fustes por espécies, calculado a área basal nos diferentes intervalos, taxas de ingressos, mortalidade, crescimento bruto e líquido, incluindo e excluindo ingressos. Foi constatado decréscimo em número de indivíduos e fustes ao longo dos anos para ambas as áreas, no entanto, houve aumento na área basal da A1, 2008: 3,1 m2.ha-1; 2016: 3,8 m2.ha-1; 2017: 3,9 m2.ha-1 e 2019: 4,6 m2.ha-1, já na A2 ocorreu o inverso, com área basal inicial de 8,3 m2.ha-1; 6,4 m2.ha-1; 6,4 m2.ha-1; e 7,0 m2.ha-1, respectivamente, verificou-se ainda que nos anos de menos chuvas a área basal teve valor médio menor, o inverso é verdadeiro, maior volume precipitado significa aumento de área basal. Apesar da A1 ter se sobressaído, as altas taxas de mortalidade de fustes e indivíduos em todos os intervalos estudados fez com que a área basal diminuísse gradativamente, o crescimento líquido foi afetado, além disso nos anos de menores precipitações pluviométricas houve valores menores da área basal, evidenciando a dependência climática, impactando na dinâmica florestal.

Abstract Studies that aim to quantify and analyze the dynamics of vegetation growth provide information for the management and conservation of forests over time. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to analyze the dynamics and growth in basal area, at different intervals (2008-2016; 2008-2017 and 2008-2019), in two areas with different disturbance and use histories, in the municipality of Forest - PE. Forty permanent plots measuring 20 mx 20 m were installed, with data collection from the year 2008 to 2019, in two areas, A1: less conserved and A2: more conserved, in which individuals and shafts with a circumference of 1.30 were measured m from the ground ≥ 6 cm. The number of individuals and stems per species was verified, calculating the basal area at different intervals, rates of entry, mortality, gross and net growth, including and excluding entries. A decrease in the number of individuals and stems over the years was observed for both areas, however, there was an increase in the basal area of the A1, 2008: 3.1 m2.1.6ha-1; 2016: 3.8 m2.1.6ha-1; 2017: 3.9 m2.1.6ha-1 and 2019: 4.6 m2.1.6ha-1, while in (A2) the reverse occurred, with an initial basal area of 8.3 m2.1.6ha-1 ; 6.4 m2.1.6ha-1; 6.4 m2.1.6ha-1; and 7.0 m2.1.6ha-1, respectively, it was also found that in years with less rain the basal area had a lower mean value, the inverse is true, higher precipitated volume means an increase in basal area. Although A1 stood out, the high mortality rates of stems and individuals in all studied intervals caused the basal area to gradually decrease, the net growth was affected. basal, showing climate dependence, impacting forest dynamics.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The most significant results obtained in the course of 10 years of research, monitoring and management in the coral reefs of the Guanahacabibes National Park (PNG) are presented. The most studied zoological groups have been the coral and fish communities. In the same way, the lionfish has been deeply investigated due to the negative impact caused on invertebrates and native fish due to its status as an exotic and invasive species. Methods: The samplings have been carried out based on methodologies developed and validated by experts at the national and international level. Results: The results show that the reefs are among the most conserved and diverse in the Caribbean, even though they do not escape the degradation process faced by most of these ecosystems due to the effects of climate change. Fish populations of commercial and ecological importance (groupers, snappers, sharks, parrotfish and surgeonfish) have high density and biomass values due to the protective effect of the area. Data on bleaching events in coral communities and their resilient power are presented. The results of the reef restoration project with the Acropora cervicornis species are presented as well as the positive effect that the holding of 5 lionfish fishing tournaments has had on the control of this invasive species. Also, the tools, strategies and regulations established in the PNG management plan are shown, focused on nature tourism that has been increasing in recent years.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se presentan los resultados más significativos obtenidos en el transcurso de 10 años de investigación, monitoreo y manejo en los arrecifes coralinos del Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes (PNG). Los grupos zoológicos más estudiados han sido las comunidades de corales y peces. De igual manera, el pez león ha sido investigado a profundidad debido al impacto negativo que provoca en los invertebrados y peces nativos por su condición de especie exótica e invasora. Métodos: Los muestreos se han realizado a partir de metodologías elaboradas y validadas por expertos a nivel nacional e internacional. Resultados: Los arrecifes se encuentran entre los más conservados y diversos del Caribe, aun cuando no escapan del proceso de degradación que afrontan la mayoría de estos ecosistemas por los efectos del cambio climático. Las poblaciones de peces de importancia comercial y ecológica (meros, pargos, tiburones, loros y barberos) cuentan con elevados valores de densidad y biomasa debido al efecto protector del área. Se exponen datos de los eventos de blanqueamientos en las comunidades de corales y su poder resiliente. Se presentan los resultados del proyecto de restauración de arrecifes con la especie Acropora cervicornis, así como el efecto positivo que ha tenido la realización de 5 torneos de pesca de pez león en el control de esta especie invasora. También, se muestran las herramientas, estrategias y regulaciones establecidas en el plan de manejo del PNG, enfocadas en el turismo de naturaleza que ha ido en incremento en los últimos años.

Abstract The Tének culture is an indigenous group from Mexico that still performs traditional medicine practices which reflect their interaction and connection with nature, as well as their worldview, and identity. Nevertheless, this knowledge is being eroded. The present research aims to determine the different species of medicinal plants used by Tének to treat symptoms associated to illnesses and injuries. A survey was administered to 189 persons form 5 different rural localities in the Huasteca region from Veracrúz, specifically Tantoyuca municipality, Additionally, 19 indigenous, traditional medicine doctors were interviewed. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics. As a result, 152 species were detected, which belong to 63 different botanical families. 48 % of the identified species belonged to 10 of these botanical species, the predominant biological form being herbaceous. Likewise, 45 % of the identified species are wild. Thus, medicinal plants play an important role in the healthcare system of the rural areas studied. These plants are part of their biocultural heritage, therefore their germplasm and associated traditional knowledge must be conserved in the face of conditions such as climate changes and land use, poverty, and the migration of the youngest; particularly because this traditional knowledge has basically been inherited through oral tradition.

Resumen Los Tének son un pueblo originario de México que practica aún la medicina tradicional, reflejo de su interrelación con la naturaleza, su cosmovisión e identidad; sin embargo, este conocimiento se ha ido erosionado. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar las diferentes especies de plantas medicinales usadas por los Tének para tratar síntomas asociados a enfermedades y lesiones. Se aplicó una encuesta a 189 personas de 5 localidades de la Huasteca veracruzana, específicamente, del municipio de Tantoyuca, Veracruz, México. Además, se entrevistó a 19 médicos tradicionales. La información fue analizada a través de estadística descriptiva. Se detectaron 152 especies pertenecientes a 63 familias botánicas, de las cuales 10 concentran el 48 % de las especies identificadas. La forma biológica predominante fue la herbácea y 45 % de las especies eran silvestres. Las plantas medicinales mostraron tener una contribución importante en el sistema de salud de las localidades del área de estudio. Estas plantas son parte de su patrimonio biocultural, por lo que su germoplasma y su conocimiento tradicional asociado deben ser conservados ante condiciones como cambios del clima y del uso del suelo, la pobreza, y la migración de los más jóvenes; particularmente, porque este conocimiento tradicional ha sido heredado, básicamente, a través de la tradición oral.

Resumen La Infraestructura Ecológica es un concepto instrumental que propone una red interconectada de zonas naturales que son fundamentales para el mantenimiento de la biodiversidad y provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. En Chile, siete regiones administrativas cuentan con planes de Infraestructura Ecológica Regional (IER) diseñados que definen áreas naturales a conservar y restaurar. La región del Maule tiene IER desde el año 2018, sin embargo, sus áreas de conservación y restauración se concentran en la zona costera y andina; y la zona del valle longitudinal está prácticamente vacía. Este trabajo evaluó el paisaje con datos de mayor detalle (Sentinel-2) que los utilizados en el diseño de la IER (Landsat-8). Esto, para detectar nuevas oportunidades de conservación y/o restauración, y evaluar la mejora potencial de la conectividad del paisaje a escala local. Los resultados muestran que dentro del valle longitudinal dominado por cultivos existen fragmentos pequeños con cobertura natural que representan nuevas oportunidades para conservar representando 33.000 ha, y que 46.000 ha ya destinadas por la IER para su conservación, requieren acciones de restauración. Este enfoque puede ser útil para la planificación y gestión a nivel local en regiones que cuentan con IER, especialmente en localidades con pocas áreas de conservación o restauración.

Abstract Ecological Infrastructure is an instrumental concept that proposes an interconnected network of natural areas that are key to maintain biodiversity and provide ecosystem services. In Chile, seven of its sixteen administrative regions have Regional Ecological Infrastructure (IER) plans that define natural areas to be conserved and restored. The Maule region has had its IER since 2018, however, its conservation and restoration areas are concentrated in the coastal and Andean zone; and the longitudinal valley area is practically empty. In this work, the landscape was evaluated with data of higher detail (Sentinel) than that used in the design of the IER (Landsat), to detect new opportunities for conservation and / or restoration, and evaluate the potential improvement of the connectivity of the landscape to local scale. The results show that in the longitudinal valley dominated by crops there are small fragments with natural cover that represent new opportunities to conserve in this area representing 33,000 ha, and that 46,000 ha of the 82,000 ha already allocated by EI for their conservation, require restoration actions. This approach can be useful for planning and management at the local level in regions that have REIs, especially in localities that have few conservation or restoration areas.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la diversidad y abundancia de los micro artrópodos edáficos, en relación con las características físicas y químicas de suelos bajo diferente uso y manejo, así como caracterizar su estructura en un área de minería pétrea o de cantera. Para esto se estudiaron los ensamblajes de microartrópodos edáficos en cinco zonas con diferente uso de suelo: Bosque de Pino-Encino conservado (B), Bosque de Pino-Encino degradado (Z), Agrícola (V), Erosión (E), y Mina (M), en Sierra Nevada (Tepetlaoxtoc, México), su relación con parámetros físicos y químicos del suelo y su potencial como bioindicadores, utilizando los valores del índice QBS-ar, en zonas de minería pétrea. Se encontró correlación positiva y significativa con la abundancia y los porcentajes de humedad y materia orgánica del suelo. Se identificaron grupos descritos como bioindicadores, hiperparasitoides y depredadores en sitios más conservados que los que presentan mayor degradación. Los valores del índice QBS-ar fueron mayores en el área B. Se identificaron tres zonas, B, M y E, definidas por su aptitud para realizar acciones de rehabilitación ecológica y el potencial de los microartrópodos para ser integrados en los programas de manejo y estrategias de conservación y rehabilitación en áreas de minería pétrea.

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe the diversity and abundance of edaphic microarthropods in relation to the physical and chemical characteristics of soils under different use and management and to characterize their structure in an area of stone mining or quarrying. For this purpose, edaphic microarthopods assemblages were studied in five zones with different land use: Conserved Pine-Oak forest (B), Degraded Pine-Oak forest (Z), Agricultural (V), Erosion (E), Mine (M), in Sierra Nevada (Tepetlaoxtoc, Mexico), in order to know their relationship with both physical and chemical parameters, and also their potential as bioindicators, using the values of the QBS-ar index, in stony mining areas. A positive and significant relationship was found with the abundance and moisture and organic matter percentages. Groups described as bioindicators, hyperparasitoids and predators were identified in sites with more conservation than those with greater degradation. The QBS-ar index values were higher in the area B. Three zones, B, M and E, were identified, according by their suitability for ecological rehabilitation action. The potential of soil microarthropods to be integrated into management programs and conservation and rehabilitation strategies in areas of stone mining was recognized.