Resumen Introducción: El monitoreo de bioindicadores es una herramienta importante para la conservación de áreas naturales protegidas. Diferentes grupos taxonómicos fueron estudiados como bioindicadores por presentar: facilidad de muestreo, respuestas variadas a la perturbación, riqueza asociada a otras especies, y taxonomía accesible. Objetivo: Comparar el potencial de cuatro taxones (Chilopoda, Scarabaeidae, Carabidae y Pompilidae) como bioindicadores ambientales, tomando en cuenta su facilidad de recolección, presencia de cambios en la composición de sus comunidades por perturbaciones, presencia de especies con preferencia por áreas perturbadas o conservadas; y diversidad correlacionada con la diversidad de los otros taxones. Métodos: El trabajo se realizó en la estación Biológica Manu Learning Centre en la Reserva de Biosfera del Manu, que comprende tres áreas en un gradiente de perturbación. Los ejemplares fueron recolectados con trampas pitfall, bandejas amarillas, trampas Malaise y monolitos, de mayo a diciembre del 2021. La facilidad de recolección se midió en términos de riqueza y abundancia; los cambios en la composición de sus comunidades mediante el análisis de similitud, escalamiento no métrico multidimensional, y partición de la diversidad beta; presencia de especies con preferencia con el análisis de correspondencia y el ajuste de bondad G de Williams; y finalmente la correlación de las diversidades con el índice de Spearman. Resultados: De los taxones estudiados, las de más fácil recolección fueron Scarabaeidae y Pompilidae. Existen cambios en la composición en todos los taxones, pero son importantes solo en Chilopoda y Scarabaeidae. En todos los taxones hay especies con preferencia por ambientes perturbados y no perturbados. Existe una alta correlación de las diversidades de Carabidae, Scarabaeidae y Chilopoda. Conclusiones: Todos los grupos responden de diferente forma a los gradientes de perturbación, Scarabaeidae y Chilopoda fueron los que tuvieron mejores características para ser considerados buenos bioindicadores.

Abstract Introduction: Bioindicator monitoring is a crucial conservation strategy within natural protected areas. Various taxonomic groups have been investigated as bioindicators due to their distinctive attributes, including ease of sampling, differential responses to disturbances, associations with species richness, and accessible taxonomy. Objective: To compare the potential of four taxa (Chilopoda, Scarabaeidae, Carabidae, and Pompilidae) as environmental bioindicators, considering their ease of collection, presence of changes in community composition due to disturbances, including species with preferences for disturbed or conserved areas; and to correlate their diversity with the diversity of other taxa. Methods: The study was conducted at the Manu Learning Centre Biological Station in the Manu Biosphere Reserve, which comprises three areas along a disturbance gradient. Specimens were collected using pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, Malaise traps, and monoliths from May to June in 2021. Ease of collection was measured in terms of richness and abundance; changes in the community composition were assessed using similarity analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and beta diversity partitioning; presence of species with preferences was analyzed using correspondence analysis and G. Williams’ goodness-of-fir test; and diversity correlation using the Spearman index. Results: Among the taxa investigated, Scarabaeidae and Pompilidae were the easiest to collect. Changes in composition were observed in all taxa but were significant only in Chilopoda and Scarabaeidae. All taxa exhibited species with preferences for disturbed and undisturbed environments. There was a high correlation in diversities among Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, and Chilopoda. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the diverse responses exhibited by taxa along a disturbance gradient. Notably, Scarabaeidae and Chilopoda emerged as particularly robust bioindicators within the studied ecosystem.

Resumen La presencia de fauna feral en ecosistemas conservados causa impactos negativos y aunado a presiones a las que está sometida la flora y la fauna nativa, tales como incendios, fragmentación, cambio de uso de suelo, repercuten negativamente en la distribución y densidad de las especies, así como la pérdida de las mismas, mientras que la fauna puede ser o estar sujeta a procesos de desplazamiento o extinción de manera local. La finalidad del presente estudio es identificar las especies de fauna feral y sus hábitos en una porción de selva mediana en Acapulco, Guerrero. Se ubicaron y georreferenciaron ocho cámaras trampa, en un fragmento de selva media con una superficie de ocho hectáreas del periodo marzo del 2022 a enero 2023. Del muestreo se obtuvieron 1184 fotografías, en donde se observaron dos especies de mamíferos terrestres ferales y 5 de fauna nativa. Las especies más abundantes fueron Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n=10), Felis silvestris catus (n=9) y las poco abundantes fueron Procyon lotor (n = 3) y Tamandua mexicana (n = 1); se evidenció que las especies ferales y nativas ambas tienen hábitos nocturnos crepusculares, por lo que si no coinciden utilizan los mismos senderos, lo que aumenta la posibilidad de encuentros. Por ello, se requieren actividades de control, contención para la fauna feral ya que el área del proyecto colinda con áreas naturales protegidas.

Resumo A presença de fauna silvestre em ecossistemas conservados causa impactos negativos e, aliada às pressões a que estão submetidas a flora e a fauna nativas, como incêndios, fragmentação, mudança no uso do solo, impactam negativamente na distribuição e densidade das espécies, como bem como a sua perda, enquanto a fauna pode estar ou estar sujeita a processos locais de deslocamento ou extinção. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as espécies da fauna silvestre e seus hábitos em uma porção de selva de médio porte em Acapulco, Guerrero. Oito armadilhas fotográficas foram localizadas e georreferenciadas em um fragmento de floresta média com área de oito hectares no período de março de 2022 a janeiro de 2023. Da amostragem foram obtidas 1.184 fotografias, onde foram encontradas duas espécies de mamíferos terrestres silvestres e 5 de fauna. foram observados. As espécies mais abundantes foram Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n = 10), Felis silvestris catus (n = 9) e as menos abundantes foram Procyon lotor (n = 3) e Tamanduá Mexicano (n = 1); Ficou evidente que ambas as espécies silvestres e nativas possuem hábitos noturnos crepusculares, portanto, caso não coincidam, utilizam as mesmas trilhas, o que aumenta a possibilidade de encontros. Portanto, são necessárias atividades de controle e contenção para a fauna selvagem, uma vez que a área do projeto faz fronteira com áreas naturais protegidas.

Abstract The presence of feral fauna in conserved ecosystems causes negative impacts and, combined with pressures to which native flora and fauna are subjected, such as fires, fragmentation, change in land use, have a negative impact on the distribution and density of species, as well as the Loss of species and particularly fauna may be subject to local displacement or extinction processes. The purpose of this study is to identify the species of feral fauna and their habits in a portion of medium-sized jungle located in Acapulco, Guerrero. Eight camera traps were located and georeferenced in a fragment of medium forest with an area of eight hectares from the period March 2022 to January 2023. From the sampling, 1,184 photographs were obtained, two species of feral terrestrial mammals and 5 of native fauna were observed. The most abundant species were Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n = 10), Felis silvestris catus (n = 9) and the least abundant were Procyon lotor (n = 3) and Tamandua mexicana (n = 1), with this the feral and native Bambas species have crepuscular nocturnal habits, so if they do not coincide they use the same trails, which increases the possibility of encounters, control activities are required, containment for the feral fauna since the project area borders protected natural areas.

Abstract This contribution identifies the socio-environmental dynamics that development policies have generated on community mangroves in three key moments of Mexican history: the 1917 Constitution, the industrialization of the 1950s, and the 1985 neoliberal reforms. Through eight case studies and 180 semi-structured interviews, a conceptual input shapes three scenarios (community, touristified and conserved mangroves) and fifteen categories that synthesize these dynamics. Mangroves are going through a continuous crisis that is arguably provoked by development policies that neglect local institutions and impoverish local inhabitants. This article offers alternatives that the federal government could take into consideration to manage these areas more effectively at the environmental and territorial levels.

Resumen Este aporte identifica las dinámicas socioambientales que las políticas de desarrollo han generado sobre los manglares comunitarios en tres momentos clave de la historia mexicana: la Constitución de 1917, la industrialización de la década de 1950 y las reformas neoliberales de 1985. Mediante ocho estudios de caso y 180 entrevistas semiestructuradas, se elaboró un insumo conceptual de tres escenarios (manglares comunitarios, turistificados y conservados) y quince categorías que sintetizan estas dinámicas. Los manglares atraviesan una crisis histórica que provocarían las políticas de desarrollo que no atienden si no que debilitarían a las instituciones locales y empobrecerían a los habitantes de las localidades. Los autores ofrecen recomendaciones para que la gestión del gobierno federal sea más efectiva a nivel ambiental y territorial.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la alimentación del Aedes aegypti en brotes de dengue de dos zonas rurales del Perú durante el ciclón Yaku y El Niño Global del 2023. Material y métodos. Se analizaron ocho muestras de sangre (8 pooles) obtenidas del abdomen de 80 especímenes Aedes aegypti capturados en los distritos rurales de Querecotillo y Marcavelica durante brotes de dengue acontecidos en el ciclón Yaku y en El Niño Global. Se extrajo ADN de las muestras analizadas, se llevó a cabo una PCR dirigida al gen CytB como marcador genético y los productos PCR fueron digeridos enzimáticamente con las restrictasas Hae III y Mwo I. Los productos PCR-RFLP fueron visualizados por electroforesis en gel de agarosa al 4%. Resultados. Se obtuvo ADN de todas las muestras y como producto PCR un amplicón de 358 pb. Así mismo, el único RFLP en Hae III observado fue el de Homo sapiens sapiens (233 y 125 pb). No se observó RFLP en Hae III de Gallus gallus y RFLP en Mwo I de Canis familiaris y Mus musculus. Conclusión. En brotes de dengue de zonas rurales, durante el ciclón Yaku y en El Niño Global, el Aedes aegypti presentó un comportamiento alimenticio antropofílico conservado.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the feeding behavior of Aedes aegypti in dengue outbreaks in two rural areas of Peru during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño phenomenon of 2023. Material and methods. Eight blood samples (8 pools) were obtained from the abdomen of 80 Aedes aegypti specimens captured in the rural districts of Querecotillo and Marcavelica during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño dengue outbreaks. DNA was extracted from the analyzed samples, then a PCR was directed at the CytB gene as a genetic marker and the PCR products were enzymatically digested with the restrictases Hae III and Mwo I. The PCR-RFLP products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis at 4%. Results. DNA was obtained from all samples and a 358 bp amplicon was obtained as a PCR product. Likewise, the only RFLP found in Hae III was from Homo sapiens sapiens (233 and 125 bp). RFLP was not found in Hae III of Gallus gallus and RFLP in Mwo I of Canis familiaris and Mus musculus. Conclusion. Aedes aegypti showed conserved anthropophilic feeding behavior in dengue outbreaks in rural areas during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño.

SUMMARY: The study evaluates the ecosystem services associated with the woodland and shrubland located in the Guajira region of Colombia, characterized as Tropical Dry Forest in the serrania Macuira where communities of the Wayuu native tribe are settled. The open shrubland (OS) and dense shrubland (DS) plant covers were evaluated; three sampling points were selected per cover, in which circular plots with an area of 1,000 m2 were drawn, in each plot, an inventory of the tree component was carried out and the main uses by the community were identified. 20 species and 12 botanical families were found. The species with the greatest dominance in the AA was Prosopis juliflora with an importance value index (IVI) of 157.30 % and in the AD Handroanthus billbergii (IVI 116.81 %); the biodiversity indices did not show statistical differences between the vegetation covers. The carbon storage showed significant statistical differences, the DS accumulated 30.75 t C ha-1 and the OS 12.44 t C ha-1. En relation to CO2 emissions, two scenarios were proposed for the period 2021- 2030: the first, deforestation remains at an annual rate of 0.94 % and emissions from deforestation of 3.72 t CO2-eq ha-1are generated in the OS and 9.20 t CO2-eq ha-1 for the DS. In the second scenario, tree covers are conserved and no emissions are generated from deforestation. 17 useful species were found in the community, of which 16 are used as forage and 13 have medicinal and ethnoveterinary value.

RESUMEN: El estudio evalúa los servicios ecosistémicos asociados a los bosques y matorrales ubicados en la región de La Guajira de Colombia, caracterizados como Bosque Seco Tropical en la Serranía Macuira, donde se asientan comunidades de la tribu nativa Wayúu. Se evaluaron las coberturas vegetales Arbustal Abierto (AA) y Arbustal Denso (AD), se seleccionaron tres puntos de muestreo por cobertura, en los que se trazaron parcelas circulares con un área 1.000 m2, en cada parcela se realizó el inventario del componente arbóreo e identificaron los principales usos por la comunidad. Se hallaron 20 especies y 12 familias botánicas. La especie con mayor dominancia en la AA fue Prosopis juliflora con un Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) de 157,30 % y en la AD Handroanthus billbergii (IVI 116,81 %); los índices de biodiversidad no arrojaron diferencias estadísticas entre las coberturas vegetales. El almacenamiento de carbono mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas, la AD acumuló 30,75 t C ha-1 y la AA 12,44 t C ha-1. En relación con las emisiones de CO2 , se plantearon dos escenarios para el período 2021-2030: en el primero, la deforestación se mantiene a una tasa anual de 0,94 % y se generan emisiones por deforestación de 3,72 t CO2-eq ha-1 en el AA y 9,20 t CO2-eq ha-1 para el AD. En el segundo escenario se conservan las coberturas arbóreas y no se generan emisiones por deforestación. Se encontraron 17 especies útiles en la comunidad, de las cuales 16 son empleadas como forraje y 13 presentan valor medicinal y etnoveterinario.

ABSTRACT The current and future tidal swamplands are very strategic as one of the Indonesia national food barns considering the decreasing of productive land. Utilization of tidal swampland for agriculture, especially rice farming in South Kalimantan by local farmers began spontaneously hundreds of years ago. Most of the tidal swampland in South Kalimantan is still planted with local rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Various local rice varieties planted by farmers include Siam, Bayar, Pandak, and Lemo varieties. These local varieties have been collected, identified, and conserved ex-situ in the tidal fields of South Kalimantan. The technology of local varieties of rice cultivation from seedling to harvest is carried out traditionally and uses traditional tools. Numerous local varieties collected and conserved, undergo crossbreeding with superior varieties to generate new high-yielding varieties with flavours favoured by the local populace. The Siam Unus serves as local variety for crossbreeding, while the superior varieties include Cisokan and Dodokan. The crossing of Siam Unus with Cisokan yields Margasari variety, and with Dodokan, it produces Martapura variety. Both varieties enjoy significant popularity among farmers and the local communities in the tidal areas of South and Central Kalimantan. This paper reviews research on traditional rice farming of tidal swampland and its impact on breeding and conservation programs in South Kalimantan.

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la alimentación del Aedes aegypti en brotes de dengue de dos zonas rurales del Perú durante el ciclón Yaku y El Niño Global del 2023. Material y métodos. Se analizaron ocho muestras de sangre (8 pooles) obtenidas del abdomen de 80 especímenes Aedes aegypti capturados en los distritos rurales de Querecotillo y Marcavelica durante brotes de dengue acontecidos en el ciclón Yaku y en El Niño Global. Se extrajo ADN de las muestras analizadas, se llevó a cabo una PCR dirigida al gen CytB como marcador genético y los productos PCR fueron digeridos enzimáticamente con las restrictasas Hae III y Mwo I. Los productos PCR-RFLP fueron visualizados por electroforesis en gel de agarosa al 4%. Resultados. Se obtuvo ADN de todas las muestras y como producto PCR un amplicón de 358 pb. Así mismo, el único RFLP en Hae III observado fue el de Homo sapiens sapiens (233 y 125 pb). No se observó RFLP en Hae III de Gallus gallus y RFLP en Mwo I de Canis familiaris y Mus musculus. Conclusión. En brotes de dengue de zonas rurales, durante el ciclón Yaku y en El Niño Global, el Aedes aegypti presentó un comportamiento alimenticio antropofílico conservado.

ABSTRACT Objective. To determine the feeding behavior of Aedes aegypti in dengue outbreaks in two rural areas of Peru during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño phenomenon of 2023. Material and methods. Eight blood samples (8 pools) were obtained from the abdomen of 80 Aedes aegypti specimens captured in the rural districts of Querecotillo and Marcavelica during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño dengue outbreaks. DNA was extracted from the analyzed samples, then a PCR was directed at the CytB gene as a genetic marker and the PCR products were enzymatically digested with the restrictases Hae III and Mwo I. The PCR-RFLP products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis at 4%. Results. DNA was obtained from all samples and a 358 bp amplicon was obtained as a PCR product. Likewise, the only RFLP found in Hae III was from Homo sapiens sapiens (233 and 125 bp). RFLP was not found in Hae III of Gallus gallus and RFLP in Mwo I of Canis familiaris and Mus musculus. Conclusion. Aedes aegypti showed conserved anthropophilic feeding behavior in dengue outbreaks in rural areas during the Yaku cyclone and El Niño.

Resumen El cambio climático está reduciendo la disponibilidad de forraje para los rumiantes. Estudios previos en la Patagonia Norte Argentina demuestran la adaptación del cultivo de amaranto a estas condiciones agroclimáticas bajo riego. Sin embargo, este cultivo se utiliza como forraje en zonas marginales del mundo, dadas las destacadas cualidades productivas y nutricionales del cultivo de amaranto. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad nutricional del ensilado de amaranto en respuesta al oreado previo del forraje y a la adición de bacterias lácticas. El cultivo se cosechó en el estado grano lechoso y se ensiló en microsilos experimentales durante 60 días. Antes del ensilado, se llevaron a cabo diferentes tratamientos (oreado y adición de bacterias lácticas). Se evaluaron parámetros relacionados con la calidad nutricional: cenizas, proteína cruda (PC), Fibra Detergente Neutro (FDN), Fibra Detergente Ácido (FDA), digestibilidad de la materia seca (DMS) y energía metabolizable (EM). El tratamiento simultáneo de oreado y adición de bacterias lácticas antes del ensilado dio lugar a las mejores características de calidad nutricional del ensilado obtenido. Los resultados más importantes bajo estas condiciones fueron valores de proteína del 12,7%, FDN del 41,1% y FDA del 19,1%. La DMS y la EM fueron del 74% y 2,67 Mcal/kg, respectivamente. Así, el ensilaje de amaranto puede ser considerado como una alternativa forrajera conservada para la alimentación animal de la región.

Abstract Climate change is reducing forage availability for ruminants. Previous studies in Northern Patagonia, Argentina, have demonstrated the adaptation of the amaranth crop to these agroclimatic conditions under irrigation. Moreover, this crop is used as forage in marginal areas of the world, given its outstanding productive and nutritional qualities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of amaranth silage in response to previous wilting and the addition of lactic acid bacteria. The crop was harvested at the milky grain stage and ensiled in experimental microsilos for 60 days. Before ensiling, different treatments (wilting and addition of lactic acid bacteria) were applied. Parameters related to nutritional quality were evaluated, including ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and metabolizable energy (ME). Simultaneous treatment with air and the addition of lactic acid bacteria before ensiling resulted in the best nutritional quality characteristics of the silage. The most significant results were protein value of 12.7%, 41.1% NDF and 19.1% FDA. The DM and ME were 74% and 2.67 Mcal/kg, respectively. Thus, amaranth silage can be considered an alternative conserved forage for animal feed in this region.

Abstract Background Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the main nutritional resources in the world, and a low environmental impact source of protein. However, the majority of its cultivation areas are affected by drought and this scenario is only expected to worsen with climate change. Stomatal closure is one of the most important plant responses to drought and the MYB60 transcription factor is among the key elements regulating stomatal aperture. If targeting and mutating the MYB60 gene of common bean would be a valuable strategy to establish more drought-tolerant beans was therefore investigated. Results The MYB60 gene of common bean, with orthology to the Arabidopsis AtMYB60 gene, was found to have conserved regions with MYB60 typical motifs and architecture. Stomata-specific expression of PvMYB60 was further confirmed by q-RT PCR on organs containing stomata, and stomata-enriched leaf fractions. Further, function of PvMYB60 in promoting stomata aperture was confirmed by complementing the defective phenotype of a previously described Arabidopsis myb60-1 mutant. Conclusions Our study finally points PvMYB60 as a potential target for obtaining more drought-tolerant common beans in the present context of climate change which would further greatly contribute to food security particularly in drought-prone countries.

Abstract Endophytic microorganisms are those that inhabit the interior of plant tissues and organs without causing damage to the plant, triggering a mutualistic interaction. These endophytes are known to produce compounds with various applications in the areas of biotechnology, pharmaceutical industry and agriculture; therefore, molecular methods are used to investigate the phylogeny of these organisms. The Brazilian Cerrado is the second largest biome in Brazil and is considered a hotspot, with a high diversity of endemic fauna and flora. The objective of this work was to analyze, through in silico analysis, the phylogeny of cultivable endophytic fungi isolated from plants found in the Brazilian Cerrado biome. A search was carried out for articles that worked with endophytes in the period between 2012 and 2022. The dendrogram was generated using the Neighbor-joining method based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 conserved region obtained by GenBank codes of isolated endophytes. The genera Xylaria, Diaporthe, and Colletotrichum were isolated in more than three plants in the seven articles found. Most of the articles found related to the biodiversity of endophytic fungi from the Brazilian Cerrado aim at the bioprospecting of bioactive compounds, through culture-dependent methods; as such, a part of endophytic diversity may be lost due to the inability of certain endophytes to grow in artificial media. In silico analysis can assist in the investigation of phylogenetic relationships between endophytic fungi and has the potential to guide future work aimed at prospecting for bioactive compounds, phylogenetic identification, or biodiversity of this group of endophytes. interaction biotechnology agriculture therefore organisms hotspot flora analyze 201 2022 Neighborjoining Neighbor joining ITS15.8SITS2 ITS158SITS2 ITSSITS ITS1 5.8S ITS2 5 8S ITS S ITS1-5.8S-ITS Xylaria Diaporthe culturedependent culture dependent such media identification 20 202 ITS15 8SITS2 SITS ITS15.8SITS ITS158SITS 58S 2 8SITS

Resumo Microrganismos endofíticos são aqueles que vivem no interior de tecidos e órgãos vegetais sem causar dano à planta, desencadeando uma interação mutualística. Esses endófitos são conhecidos por produzir compostos com diversas aplicações nas áreas de biotecnologia, indústria farmacêutica e agricultura; logo, métodos moleculares são utilizados para investigar a filogenia destes organismos. O Cerrado brasileiro é o segundo maior bioma do Brasil e é considerado um hotspot, com uma alta diversidade de fauna e flora endêmica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar, por meio da análise in silico, a filogenia de fungos endofíticos cultiváveis isolados de plantas encontradas no bioma Cerrado brasileiro. Foi realizada uma busca por artigos que trabalharam com endófitos no período entre 2012 e 2022. O dendrograma foi gerado usando o método Neighbor-joining baseado na região conservada ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 obtida pelos códigos GenBank de endófitos isolados. Os gêneros Xylaria, Diaporthe e Colletotrichum foram isolados em mais de três plantas nos sete artigos encontrados. A maior parte dos artigos encontrados relacionados à biodiversidade de fungos endofíticos do Cerrado brasileiro visam à bioprospecção de compostos bioativos, através de métodos dependentes de cultura; como tal, uma parte da diversidade endofítica pode ser perdida devido à incapacidade de certos endófitos crescerem em meios artificiais. A análise in silico pode auxiliar na investigação das relações filogenéticas entre fungos endofíticos e tem potencial para orientar trabalhos futuros voltados à prospecção de compostos bioativos, identificação filogenética ou biodiversidade deste grupo de endófitos. planta mutualística biotecnologia agricultura logo organismos hotspot endêmica analisar 201 2022 Neighborjoining Neighbor joining ITS15.8SITS2 ITS158SITS2 ITSSITS ITS1 5.8S ITS2 5 8S ITS S ITS1-5.8S-ITS Xylaria bioativos cultura tal artificiais 20 202 ITS15 8SITS2 SITS ITS15.8SITS ITS158SITS 58S 2 8SITS

RESUMO O crescimento das espécies vegetais é diretamente influenciado por fatores bióticos e abióticos. Com isso, objetivou-se identificar variáveis que influenciam no incremento corrente anual – ICA da área basal, em duas áreas, considerada como “menos conservada” e “conservada” no Semiárido Pernambucano, Brasil. Os dados dendrométricos foram oriundos de 40 parcelas permanentes de (20 m x 20 m), nos anos de 2008 e 2011 a 2019, as mensurações foram realizadas nos indivíduos e fustes com circunferência a 1,30 m do solo ≥ 6 cm. Os dados ambientais foram provenientes do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e da Agência Pernambucana de Águas e Climas. Aplicou-se correlação de Spearman entre o ICA e as variáveis ambientais, diante o problema de medidas repetidas, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão linear misto: CAIi = (β0 + αperíodo + λespécie) + βnVdendrométricasn + βmVambientaism + ϵi, consideraram-se os efeitos aleatórios o período e as espécies, e os de efeitos fixos as variáveis dendrométricas e ambientais. Quanto à significância das variáveis no ICA, notou-se influência para a área menos conservada apenas em relação aos efeitos fixos, já na área conservada foi significativo quanto aos efeitos fixos para as variáveis dendrométricas. Em geral o modelo mostrou boa performance, distribuições dos resíduos, sem outliers. Apesar de ter apresentado influência das variáveis ambientais apenas na menos conservada, se faz necessário o monitoramento por longo período, de modo que ultrapasse os eventos de secas sazonais. abióticos isso objetivouse objetivou basal áreas “conservada Pernambucano Brasil 4 (2 2 m, , m) 200 201 2019 130 1 30 1,3 cm Climas Aplicouse Aplicou repetidas misto β0 β (β λespécie ϵi consideraramse consideraram notouse notou performance resíduos outliers sazonais ( 13 3 1,

ABSTRACT The growth of plant species is directly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. With this, the objective was to identify variables that influence the current annual increment – CAI of the basal area, in two areas, considered as “least conserved” and “most conserved” in the Semiarid of Pernambuco, Brazil. The dendrometric data is from 40 permanent plots of (20 m x 20 m), in the years (2008 and 2011 to 2019), measurements were conducted on individuals and branches with a circumference at 1.30 m from the ground ≥ 6 cm. The environmental data came from the National Institute of Meteorology and the Water and Climate Agency of Pernambuco. Spearman's correlation was applied between the CAI and the environmental variables, given the problem of repeated measurements, the mixed linear regression model was used: CAIi = (β0 + αperiod + λspecie) + βnVdendrometricn + βmVenvironmentalm + ϵi, considering the random effects the period and species, and the fixed effects the dendrometric and environmental variables. Regarding the significance of the variables in the CAI, an influence was noted for the least conserved area only in relation to the fixed effects, whereas in the most conserved area it was significant in terms of the fixed effects for the dendrometric variables. In general, the model showed satisfactory performance, residual distributions, without outliers. Despite having shown influence of environmental variables only in the least conserved, long-term monitoring is necessary, to overcome seasonal drought events. factors this areas Pernambuco Brazil 4 (2 2 m, , m) 2008 (200 201 2019, 2019 2019) 130 1 30 1.3 cm Spearmans Spearman s used β0 β (β λspecie ϵi general performance distributions outliers longterm long term necessary events ( 200 13 3 1.

Abstract The lowland Atlantic Forest, at altitudes of below 500 m, is highly fragmented, and is home to many threatened species of birds. The Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro has a high concentration of threatened birds in the Americas and is an important residual of the dense ombrophilous formations of the Atlantic Forest, which includes the Reserva Biológica União, a high priority area for conservation of Atlantic Forest birds. This study compiled empirical and secondary records of threatened birds in this reserve and discusses potential factors determining their local occurrence. Since 2008, regular observations, including transect surveys and mist-netting, in addiction to secondary data, have provided records of 306 bird species, of which 49 appear on red lists at some level (state, national or global), including 34 listed as endangered, of which 13 are listed globally, eight of them dependent on well-conserved lowland rainforest. Future studies should include new areas of the reserve, with the aim of confirming the presence of additional threatened species. The long-term conservation of this fauna will depend not only on the adequate management of the reserve, but also the reestablishment of its connectivity with adjacent forest fragments and upland areas in the state. 50 m fragmented União occurrence 2008 observations mistnetting, mistnetting mist netting, netting mist-netting data 30 4 state, (state global, global , global) 3 endangered 1 globally wellconserved well conserved rainforest longterm long term 5 200 20 2

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade ambiental da restinga da costa atlântica, no sul do Brasil, utilizando imagens de drones nos espectros de vermelho, verde e azul (RGB) obtidas em setembro de 2020 e 2021. A ortoimagem gerada foi classificada em diferentes classes de vegetação como a herbácea, a arbustiva e a arbórea, além de outras feições como áreas degradadas e construídas. A classificação foi realizada utilizando o algoritmo Random Forest, disponível no plugin Dzetsaka para Quantum GIS. Do total de área da restinga avaliada (289,17 ha), em 2020, 61,54% encontrava-se conservada e 36,72% estava degradada. Em 2021 houve diminuição das áreas conservadas para 59,56% e aumento das áreas degradadas para 38,85%. Em relação aos setores avaliados nos dois anos, o setor 6 teve a menor área conservada de restinga (5,40 ha e 8,14 ha em 2020 e 2021, respetivamente), e o setor 2 teve a maior área de preservação, com 44,07 ha em 2020 e 43,55 ha em 2021. Os setores 1, 2, 4 e 5 apresentaram redução nas áreas de restinga conservadas (em média, 6,75%). Aumento nas áreas conservadas foi observado nos setores 6 e 7 (20,4%) e no setor 8 (2%). Esses resultados mostram o potencial do uso de imagens obtidas por drones em análises multitemporais de áreas frágeis como as restingas, auxiliando nas medidas de proteção e conservação desses ecossistemas. atlântica Brasil vermelho RGB (RGB 202 herbácea arbórea construídas Forest GIS 289,17 28917 289 17 (289,1 ha, , ha) 6154 61 54 61,54 encontravase encontrava se 3672 36 72 36,72 degradada 5956 59 56 59,56 3885 38 85 38,85% anos 5,40 540 40 (5,4 814 14 8,1 respetivamente, respetivamente respetivamente) preservação 4407 44 07 44,0 4355 43 55 43,5 1 média 6,75%. 675 6,75% . 75 6,75%) 20,4% 204 20 (20,4% 2%. 2% (2%) restingas ecossistemas 289,1 2891 28 (289, 615 61,5 367 3 36,7 595 59,5 388 38,85 5,4 (5, 81 8, 440 0 44, 435 43, 67 6,75 20,4 (20,4 (2% 289, (289 61, 36, 59, 38,8 5, (5 6,7 20, (20, (2 (28 38, ( 6, (20

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental quality of the Atlantic coast restinga, in south Brazil, using red, green and blue (RGB) drone images obtained in September of 2020 and 2021. The generated orthoimage was classified into different vegetation classes like herbaceous, shrubs and arboreal as well as other classes such as degraded and constructed areas. Classification was performed using the Random Forest algorithm, available from the Dzetsaka plugin for Quantum GIS. Of the total assessed area of restinga (289.17 ha), in 2020, 61.54% were conserved and 36.72% were degraded. In 2021 there was a decrease in conserved areas to 59.56%, and an increase in degraded areas to 38.85%. Regarding the sectors (1–8) evaluated in the two different years, sector 6 had the smallest preserved area of restinga (5.40 and 8.14 ha in 2020 and 2021, respectively), and sector 2 had the largest preservation area, with 44.07 ha in 2020 and 43.55 ha in 2021. Sectors 1,2,4, and 5 showed a reduction in conserved restinga areas (on average, 6.75%). An increase in conserved areas was observed in sectors 6 and 7 (on average, 20.4%) and in sector 8 (2%). These results show the potential of using images obtained by drone, in multi-temporal analyses of fragile areas such as restingas, helping with protection and conservation measures for these ecosystems. Brazil red RGB (RGB 202 herbaceous algorithm GIS 289.17 28917 289 17 (289.1 ha, , ha) 6154 61 54 61.54 3672 36 72 36.72 5956 59 56 59.56% 3885 38 85 38.85% 1–8 18 1 (1–8 years 5.40 540 40 (5.4 814 14 8.1 respectively, respectively respectively) 4407 44 07 44.0 4355 43 55 43.5 124 4 1,2,4 on average 6.75%. 675 6.75% . 75 6.75%) 20.4% 204 20 2%. 2% (2%) multitemporal multi temporal restingas ecosystems 289.1 2891 28 (289. 615 61.5 367 3 36.7 595 59.56 388 38.85 1– (1– 5.4 (5. 81 8. 440 0 44. 435 43. 12 1,2, 67 6.75 20.4 (2% 289. (289 61. 36. 59.5 38.8 (1 5. (5 1,2 6.7 20. (2 (28 59. 38. ( 1, 6.

Compreender as limitações e as potencialidades dos modelos científicos é uma das dimensões da aprendizagem da Física. Uma alternativa para proporcionar essa compreensão é por meio da investigação experimental focada na avaliação das implicações das idealizações consideradas nesses modelos. Inseridos neste contexto, apresentamos uma investigação sobre o escoamento de fluidos em orifícios. Começamos analisando um modelo amplamente explorado em livros didáticos em que, pautado pela equação de Bernoulli, não são consideradas perdas de energia. Mostramos, a partir de dados experimentais coletados com videoanálise, que esse modelo não é adequado para representar o escoamento d’água, mesmo em orifícios com área menores do que 1% da área da superfície de fluido no recipiente. Propomos, então, um modelo de escoamento dissipativo mobilizando conceitos de hidrologia pouco usuais no ensino de Física. Mostramos que as predições desse modelo são corroboradas experimentalmente. Desse modo, o artigo é uma alternativa experimental para quem deseja explorar um problema de hidrodinâmica com enfoque no processo de modelagem científica, procurando, ao mesmo tempo, fomentar a aprendizagem conceitual e a compreensão do caráter representacional do conhecimento. Física contexto Bernoulli energia videoanálise dágua, dágua d água, água d’água 1 recipiente Propomos então experimentalmente modo científica procurando tempo conhecimento

Understanding the limitations and potentialities of scientific models is a crucial aspect of learning Physics. One method to foster this understanding is through experimental investigation focused on assessing the implications of the idealizations considered in these models. Within this context, we present a study on fluid flow through orifices. We begin by analyzing a model widely explored in textbooks which, based on Bernoulli’s equation, does not account for energy losses. From experimental data collected via video analysis, we demonstrate that this model is inadequate for representing water flow, even in orifices with areas smaller than 1% of the fluid surface area in the container. Consequently, we propose a dissipative flow model, incorporating hydrology concepts that are rarely used in Physics education. We show that the predictions of this model are experimentally corroborated. Thus, this paper offers an experimental alternative for those wishing to explore a hydrodynamics problem with a focus on the scientific modeling process, aiming simultaneously to promote conceptual learning and understanding of the representational nature of knowledge. context which Bernoullis Bernoulli s equation losses analysis 1 container Consequently education corroborated Thus process knowledge

Abstract Sapajus nigritus (Primates: Cebidae) is endemic of the Atlantic Forest, occurring from the Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil to Northeastern Argentina. This species plays a role in two ecosystem services: seed dispersal through endozoochory and insect population control in agricultural plantations and forest environments. Fruits and invertebrates represent approximately 90% of their diet, and there is a large number of insects in the diet of S. nigritus in urban and conserved areas. However, it is known that insect diversity decreases in anthropized environments. Our objective was to identify the insects present in the fecal samples of S. nigritus from five Conservation Units in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. We aim to estimate the percentage of each taxon of insects found in feces either, hypothesizing that there are a greater variety of insect species in the diet of S. nigritus that inhabit preserved forested areas. A fecal screening was conducted using a light microscopy and the insects were identified based on their external morphology. Insect fragments were found in eight out of ten fecal samples of S. nigritus, revealing that they belonged to insects from five orders: Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera and Blattodea, suggesting a good conservation status of the sampling areas. Primates (Primates Cebidae Forest Argentina services environments 90 S areas However state either morphology orders Hymenoptera Hemiptera Orthoptera Blattodea 9