Resumen El trabajo científico genera fuentes de información mediante muestras, datos, resultados o escritura de códigos comosoftware.Este artículo aborda, éticamente, el imperativo de que todas las partes involucradas en la investigación científica compartan las fuentes de información de manera oportuna, en consideración de la bioética del deber. Se analizó la literatura recuperada enWeb of Sciencemediante las palabras de búsqueda ética del deber sobre el acceso abierto a fuentes de información científica, hasta julio de 2022.El intercambio o la disponibilidad de información permite un mayor avance para la ciencia; sin embargo, aún no se practica en todas sus áreas. Se deben considerar las perspectivas éticas de las personas investigadoras, así como la multidisciplinariedad de la investigación en las decisiones sobre el intercambio de información para que estas estén disponibles para la comunidad científica. Aun cuando se apliquen criterios normativos del deber, como el deber positivo, referido a que los datos estén disponibles de forma activa, o el deber negativo, que implica abstenerse de evitar que otros lo hagan, se deben considerar principios éticos en la práctica científica, como el principio de comunidad que sugiere que los datos no pertenecen a una persona investigadora individual ni a un grupo de personas investigadoras, sino que deberían ser accesibles para todos las personas investigadoras y la comunidad científica, así como el principio de desinterés, que indica que las personas científicas no deben perseguir su propio interés a expensas de los intereses de la comunidad científica. Se concluye que, cada vez más, se está generalizando la conciencia del deber de compartir información mediante datos o códigos en acceso abierto, información científica de acceso libre. La filosofía de promover una mayor apertura de acceso abierto a fuentes de información disponible tiene mayor aceptación generalizada en la comunidad científica.

Résumé Le travail scientifique produit des sources d’information à travers des échantillons, des données, des résultats et de l’écriture des codes comme le logiciel. Cet article traite sous une vue éthique, l’urgence de demander à toutes les parties concernées de partager en temps opportun les sources d’information en prenant considération de la bioéthique. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé la littérature retrouvée sur Web of Science moyennant les mots de recherche éthique du devoir sur l’accès ouvert à sources d’information scientifique, jusqu’à juillet de 2022. L’échange ou la disponibilité d’information permet plus de progrès de la science, cependant cela ne se met en place dans toutes ses domaines. Il faut considérer les perspectives éthiques des chercheurs, ainsi que la multidisciplinarité de la recherche dans les décisions sur l’échange de l’information afin qu’elles soient disponibles pour la communauté scientifique. Même si l’on applique les critères normatifs du devoir, comme le devoir positif qui fait référence aux données qui sont disponibles de manière active ; ou bien le devoir négatif qui implique de s’abstenir à éviter que les autres le fassent. Il faut aussi considérer les principes éthiques dans l’exercice scientifique, tel que le principe de communauté qui suggère que les données n’appartiennent pas à un chercheur ou à un groupe de chercheurs, au contraire, elles doivent être disponibles pour tous les chercheurs et la communauté scientifique. Le principe de désintéressement présume que le travail du scientifique est guidé par le désir d'accroître les connaissances et non par le désir d'assouvir des intérêts personnels ou celui d'obtenir des récompenses. Pour conclure, nous constatons que, de plus en plus, la conscience du devoir de partager de l’information par les données et par les es codes sous accès ouvert, c’est-à-dire, l’information scientifique d’accès ouvert, est plus généralisée. Cette philosophie de promouvoir une plus grande ouverture de libre accès à des sources d’information disponible, elle a une meilleure acceptation dans la communauté scientifique.

Abstract Scientific work generates sources of information through samples, data, results, or code writing such as software. This article ethically addresses the imperative that all parties involved in scientific research share information sources promptly, in consideration of the bioethics of duty. The literature retrieved from Web of Science was analyzed using the search terms 'ethical duty of open access to scientific information' up to July 2022. The exchange or availability of information allows for greater progress in science; however, it is not yet practiced in all areas. Ethical perspectives of researchers and the multidisciplinarity of research should be considered in decisions regarding the exchange of information to make it available to the scientific community. Even when normative duty criteria are applied, such as the positive duty, referring to data being actively available, or the negative duty, which involves refraining from preventing others from doing so, ethical principles in scientific practice should be considered. These include the community principle, which suggests that data do not belong to an individual researcher or a group of researchers but should be accessible to all researchers and the scientific community. Additionally, the disinterest principle indicates that scientists should not pursue their self-interest at the expense of the interests of the scientific community. It is concluded that there is an increasing awareness of the duty to share information through open access data or codes, making scientific information freely accessible. The philosophy of promoting greater open access to available information sources is gaining wider acceptance in the scientific community.

Resumen: El presente artículo muestra bajo qué forma subsisten en América Latina remanentes de una conciencia señorial que corresponde a la “soberanía” de Foucault y no a un biopoder más reciente. A partir de lo sugerido por el filósofo mexicano Emilio Uranga, se desentrañan los resortes de esta conciencia, heredada de la Conquista, y se muestran algunas similitudes con la conciencia prusiana e igualmente, si bien limitadas, con resortes comunitarios de la Alemania nacionalsocialista, no ajena al “espíritu” jerárquico de Prusia. Se muestra, a partir de estas similitudes, cómo se trata de una forma de conciencia que, dada la “inversión de valores” descrita por Uranga, no considera que deba rendir cuentas ni hacerse responsable socialmente de sus actos, al mismo tiempo que no se individualiza habida cuenta del peso comunitario. En estas condiciones, se aportan numerosos ejemplos que llevan a pensar en remanentes propiamente precapitalistas en México y América Latina.

Abstract: This article shows in what form remnants of a stately consciousness subsist in Latin America that corresponds to Foucault’s “sovereignty” and not to a more recent biopower. Starting from what was suggested by the Mexican philosopher Emilio Uranga, the springs of this consciousness, inherited from the Conquest, are unraveled, and some similarities are shown with the Prussian consciousness and also, although limited, with the community springs of National Socialist Germany, not foreign to the hierarchical “spirit” of Prussia. It is shown, based on these similarities, how it is a form of conscience that, given the “inversion of values” described by Uranga, does not consider that it should be held accountable or socially responsible for its actions, at the same time that it does not individualized taking into account the weight of the community. Under these conditions, numerous examples are provided that lead one to think of properly pre-capitalist remnants in Mexico and Latin America.

Abstract The legal dimension of bioethics, known as biolaw, occupies an important place in discussions on this topic. For them to be recognized, various French bioethics legislations require a competent political authority: the civil authority whose apex is the French Constitution (FC), as the legal act and the fundamental law that establish the organization and functioning of the state. However, in the field where we touch on the human person, on the values and the fundamental principles, religious authority, such the Social Doctrine of the Church (SDC), has a role to play. This is the reference of values through which human conscience can exercise itself freely in political, social, and economic realities. Hence, what are the possible common themes between the FC and the SDC and what can personalist bioethics contribute to reconciling the two sides?

Resumen La dimensión jurídica de la bioética, denominada bioderecho, ocupa un lugar importante en los debates sobre este tema. Para que sean reconocidas, las distintas legislaciones francesas sobre bioética requieren una autoridad política competente: la autoridad civil, cuyo vértice es la Constitución francesa (CF), como acto jurídico y ley fundamental que establece la organización y el funcionamiento del Estado. Sin embargo, en el ámbito en el que tocamos a la persona humana, a los valores y a los principios fundamentales, la autoridad religiosa, como la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia (DSI), tiene un papel que desempeñar. Es la referencia de valores a través de la cual la conciencia humana puede ejercerse libremente en las realidades políticas, sociales y económicas. Así pues, ¿cuáles son los posibles temas comunes entre la CF y la DSI y qué puede aportar la bioética personalista para conciliar ambas vertientes?

Abstract This article synthesizes research related to the development by the author, of his doctoral thesis on the subject of product design in the service economy. In this thesis, the design operation of public services is analyzed through the study of four cases of design of integral solid waste management systems. These case studies have been located in Ecuador in the last 4 years and are related to a public policy of decentralization that forces local governments to assume the competence of this public service. In the part of the research that gives rise to this article, it specifically seeks to investigate the perception of the community regarding the quality of a public service and relate it to the willingness to pay a specific rate. The existence of relationships between the level at which the community participates in the elaboration of public policy, the perception of service quality and the willingness to pay for it, is demonstrated. There is also a relationship between the perception of service quality and the availability of technically selected equipment in contrast to the perception of quality when the equipment is selected for political agendas. In addition, the role of the media in articulating the participation of society is described, but also in the formation of a collective conscience about the responsibilities of citizens, their rights and obligations towards the integral management of solid waste and the environment, and the need to adopt responsible habits.

Resumen Este artículo sintetiza una investigación relacionada con el desarrollo por parte del autor de su tesis doctoral en torno al tema del diseño de productos en la economía de servicios. En esta tesis se analiza la operación de diseño de servicios públicos a través del estudio de cuatro casos de diseño de sistemas de gestión integral de desechos sólidos. Estos casos de estudio están ubicados en Ecuador en los últimos 4 años y están relacionados con una política pública de descentralización que obliga a los gobiernos locales a asumir la competencia de este servicio público. En la parte de la investigación que da lugar a este artículo, específicamente se busca indagar la percepción de la comunidad respecto de la calidad de un servicio público y relacionarlo con la disposición al pago de una tarifa determinada. Se demuestra la existencia de relaciones entre el nivel en que la comunidad participa en la elaboración de la política pública, la percepción de calidad del servicio y la disposición al pago por recibirlo. Se encuentra además una relación entre la percepción de calidad del servicio y la disponibilidad de equipamiento seleccionado técnicamente en contraste con la percepción de calidad cuando el equipamiento se selecciona por intereses políticos. Además, se describe el papel que tienen los medios de comunicación en articular la participación de la sociedad, pero también en la formación de una conciencia colectiva sobre las responsabilidades de la ciudadanía, sus derechos y obligaciones para con la gestión integral de los residuos sólidos y el medioambiente, y la necesidad de adoptar hábitos responsables.

Resumo Este artigo sintetiza as pesquisas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do autor de sua tese de doutorado sobre o tema design de produto na economia de serviços. Nesta tese, o projeto operacional de serviços públicos é analisado através do estudo de quatro casos de projeto de sistemas integrais de gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos. Estes estudos de caso estão localizados no Equador nos últimos 4 anos e estão relacionados a uma política pública de descentralização que obriga os governos locais a assumirem a competência deste serviço público. Na parte da pesquisa que dá origem a este artigo, busca-se especificamente investigar a percepção da comunidade sobre a qualidade de um serviço público e relacioná-la com a disposição de pagar uma taxa específica. É demonstrada a existência de relações entre o nível em que a comunidade participa da elaboração das políticas públicas, a percepção da qualidade do serviço e a disposição de pagar pelo recebimento. Também existe uma relação entre a percepção da qualidade do serviço e a disponibilidade de equipamentos selecionados tecnicamente em contraste com a percepção de qualidade quando o equipamento é selecionado por interesses políticos. Além disso, é descrito o papel da mídia na articulação da participação da sociedade, mas também na formação de uma consciência coletiva sobre as responsabilidades dos cidadãos, seus direitos e deveres para com a gestão integral dos resíduos sólidos e o meio ambiente e a necessidade de adoção de hábitos responsáveis.

Abstract: The relevance of the study is due to the need for a conceptual analysis of the transformation of such a human phenomenon as conscience in the period of the XX-XXI centuries. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to determine the main features of the reflection of conscience in the public consciousness of the XX - XXI centuries and its key functional characteristics. The main scientific methods for studying the issue are basic general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparative, systematic, which allow a thorough approach to the presentation of the topic and create a structured picture of moral and ethical transformations. The article reveals the fundamental approaches to the interpretation of conscience in modern historiography. The results of the research can be actively used not only in modern philosophical science, as a substantiation of the main approaches to the interpretation of the actual perception of conscience, but also in related humanities to confirm historical, moral, ethical, psychological and other changes in the process of social evolution. Abstract XXXXI regard characteristics synthesis induction deduction comparative systematic transformations historiography science historical evolution

Resumen: La relevancia del estudio se debe a la necesidad de un análisis conceptual de la transformación de un fenómeno tan humano como la conciencia en el período de los siglos XX-XXI. En este sentido, el propósito de este estudio es determinar las principales características del reflejo de la conciencia en la conciencia pública de los siglos XX - XXI y sus características funcionales clave. Los principales métodos científicos para estudiar el tema son los métodos científicos generales básicos de análisis, síntesis, inducción, deducción, comparativos, sistemáticos, que permiten un acercamiento exhaustivo a la presentación del tema y crean una imagen estructurada de las transformaciones morales y éticas. El artículo revela los enfoques fundamentales de la interpretación de la conciencia en la historiografía moderna. Los resultados de la investigación pueden utilizarse activamente no sólo en la ciencia filosófica moderna, como fundamentación de los principales enfoques para la interpretación de la percepción real de la conciencia, sino también en las humanidades afines para confirmar cambios históricos, morales, éticos, psicológicos y de otro tipo. en el proceso de evolución social. Resumen XXXXI. XXXXI XXI. XX-XXI sentido clave síntesis inducción deducción comparativos sistemáticos éticas moderna históricos éticos tipo social

RÉSUMÉ Les Méthodes Artistiques comme Moyen d’Envisager les Possibilités de Construction du Genre et de ses Relations – Sur la base d’un projet de recherche-action en collaboration avec une classe de lycée, nous discutons des possibilités que les méthodologies artistiques apportent aux analyses et aux réflexions collectives en vue de promouvoir la conscience politique des jeunes. À travers des moments d'exploration esthético-politique, dans lesquels le Théâtre de l’Opprimé et Photovoice ont été mobilisés, les jeunes ont réfléchi à leurs expériences et problèmes quotidiens, la violence dans les relations amoureuses apparaissant comme le thème le plus significatif. Des acteurs locaux ont été ajoutés à la réflexion commune des jeunes, et les récits visuels réalisés par deux grou-pes ont été discutés. Cet article reconnaît le potentiel des arts pour problématiser les relations et les constructions de genre, pour impliquer les participants de manière émotionnelle et subjective, et comme moyen de politiser un problème individuel ‘apparent’. dEnvisager d Envisager dun rechercheaction recherche action lycée dexploration exploration esthéticopolitique, esthéticopolitique esthético politique, esthético-politique lOpprimé l Opprimé mobilisés quotidiens significatif groupes grou pes discutés genre subjective ‘apparent. apparent ‘apparent . ‘apparent’

ABSTRACT The Artistic Methods as a Way to Look at the Possibilities of Construction of Gender and its Relations – Based on a collaborative action-research project with a high school class, we discuss the possibilities that artistic methodologies bring to collective analysis and reflec-tions in order to promote youth political consciousness. Through moments of aesthetic-political exploration, in which the Theatre of the Oppressed and Photovoice were mobilised, the young people reflected on their everyday experiences and problems, with dating violence emerging as the most significant theme. Local actors were added to the joint reflection between the young people, and visual narratives made by two groups were discussed. This article recognises the potential of the arts to problematise gender relations and constructions, to emotionally and subjectively involve par-ticipants, and as a way of politicising an ‘apparent’ individual problem. actionresearch action research class reflections reflec tions consciousness aestheticpolitical aesthetic exploration mobilised problems theme discussed constructions participants, participants par ticipants, ticipants par-ticipants ‘apparent apparent problem

RESUMO Os Métodos Artísticos como Forma de Olhar as Possibilidades de Construção do Género e suas Relações – A partir de um projeto de investigação-ação colaborativa com uma turma do ensino médio, discutem-se as possibilidades que as metodologias artísticas trazem para análises e reflexões coletivas com vista à promoção da consciência política juvenil. Por meio de momentos de exploração estético-política, nos quais se mobilizou o Teatro do Oprimido e o Photovoice, os/as jo-vens refletiram sobre as suas experiências e problemas quotidianos, emergindo a violência do namo-ro como o tema mais significativo. À reflexão conjunta entre os/as jovens, somaram-se atores locais e discutiram-se narrativas visuais feitas por dois grupos. Neste artigo, reconhece-se o potencial das artes na problematização das relações e construções de género, na implicação emocional e subjetiva dos/as participantes e como modo de politizar um ‘aparente’ problema individual. investigaçãoação investigação ação médio discutemse discutem juvenil estéticopolítica, estéticopolítica estético política, estético-política Photovoice osas os jovens jo vens quotidianos namoro namo ro significativo somaramse somaram discutiramse discutiram grupos artigo reconhecese reconhece género dosas dos ‘aparente aparente individual

RÉSUMÉ La Scénique Féministe: théorisations sur la science et la pratique de la scène théâtrale féministe et l'importance d'une pédagogie féministe dans le domaine théâtral – Cet article décrit un scénique féministe, issu de l'application des épistémologies féministes au théâtre, synthétisant la critique qu'elles font des démarcations canoniques liées à l'acte de connaître, qui contribuent à invalider l'expérience des femmes. Son mode de fonctionnement est associé à la conscience des hiérarchies de genre, à laquelle il réagit à travers la formulation de stratégies poétiques et politiques pour affronter les modèles sociaux discriminatoires et sexistes et leurs supports symboliques. On conclut que ce scénique féministe trouve une place centrale dans la pédagogie, où émergent des formes de connaissance émancipatrices et des territoires de résistance et de création, qui donnent un nouveau sens à l'être. Féministe limportance l importance dune d lapplication application théâtre quelles qu elles lacte acte connaître lexpérience expérience femmes genre symboliques création lêtre. lêtre être. être l'être

ABSTRACT The Feminist Scenics: theorizations about science and practice of the feminist theater scene and the space and importance of feminist epistemologies in the theatrical field1 – This article describes a feminist scenic, resulting from the application of feminist epistemologies to theater, synthesizing the criticism they make of the canonical demarcations linked to the act of knowing, which contribute to the invalidation of women's experience. Its way of functioning is associated with the awareness of gender hierarchies, to which it reacts through the formulation of poetic and political strategies to confront discriminatory and sexist social models and their symbolic supports. It is concluded that this feminist scenic finds centrality in pedagogy, where emancipatory forms of knowledge and territories of resistance and creation emerge, which give new meaning to being. Scenics field knowing womens women s experience hierarchies supports pedagogy emerge being

RESUMO A Cênica Feminista: teorizações sobre a ciência e a prática da cena teatral feministas e a importância de uma pedagogia feminista no campo teatral1 – Este artigo teoriza sobre uma cênica feminista, resultante da aplicação ao teatro das epistemologias feministas, sintetizando a crítica que fazem às demarcações canônicas atreladas ao ato de conhecer, que contribuem para a desvalidação da experiência das mulheres. Associa-se seu modo de funcionamento à consciência das hierarquias de gênero, às quais reage por meio da formulação de estratégias poéticas e políticas de enfrentamento aos modelos sociais discriminatórios e sexistas e aos seus sustentáculos simbólicos. Conclui-se que essa cênica feminista encontra centralidade na pedagogia, onde emergem formas de saber emancipatórias e territórios de resistência e criação, que ressignificam o ser. Feminista conhecer mulheres Associase Associa se gênero simbólicos Concluise Conclui criação ser

RESUMEN Ensayo con reflexiones sobre la violencia social y sus manifestaciones en la escuela. Es una relación que no se puede descuidar nunca, pues la educación también contiene tendencias sociales que reproducen la violencia, la agresión y la barbarie. Con textos de autores de la Escuela de Frankfurt, se discute la violencia, destacando sus vínculos con el sistema social y económico, que reproduce a sí mismo exactamente promoviendo la destrucción de las personas, las culturas y el medio ambiente. Las siguientes son consideraciones que muestran que tal destructividad afecta la formación de subjetividades y la disposición de los individuos a conformarse o resistir. Finalmente, se plantea la posibilidad histórica de concretar la dimensión política de la educación como forma de oponer y confrontar la agresividad y violencia inherentes a las sociedades capitalistas avanzadas. escuela nunca barbarie Frankfurt económico personas ambiente resistir Finalmente avanzadas

ABSTRACT Essay with reflections on social violence and its manifestations at school. It is a relationship that can never be neglected, because education also contains the social tendencies that reproduce violence, aggressiveness, and barbarism. Based on texts by authors from the Frankfurt School, the theme of violence is discussed, highlighting its links with the social and economic system, which is reproduced exactly by promoting the destruction of people, cultures, and environment. Next, considerations are presented that show that such destructiveness affects the formation of subjectivities and the willingness of individuals to conform or resist this tendency. Finally, it discusses the historical possibility of concretizing the political dimension of education as a way of opposing and confronting the aggressiveness and violence inherent to advanced capitalist societies. school neglected barbarism School discussed system people cultures environment Next tendency Finally societies

RESUMO Ensaio no qual se apresenta reflexões sobre violência social e suas manifestações na escola. Trata-se de relação que jamais pode ser negligenciada, pois a educação também contém as tendências sociais que reproduzem a violência, a agressividade e a barbárie. Com base em autores da Escola de Frankfurt, discorre-se sobre o tema da violência, destacando seus nexos com o sistema social e econômico, que se reproduz exatamente promovendo a destruição de pessoas, culturas e o meio ambiente. Seguem considerações que evidenciam que tal destrutividade repercute na formação das subjetividades e das disposições de os indivíduos se conformarem ou resistirem a essa tendência. Por fim, aventa-se a possibilidade histórica de concretização da dimensão política da educação como forma de contraposição e enfrentamento da agressividade e violência inerentes às sociedades do capitalismo avançado. escola Tratase Trata negligenciada barbárie Frankfurt discorrese discorre econômico pessoas ambiente tendência fim aventase aventa avançado

Résumé Ce rapport d’expérience fait référence à un suivi psychothérapeutique réalisé avec un garçon de neuf ans conçu par des technologies de la reproduction et n’ayant pas conscience de sa conception. Les discussions présentées ici ont émergé lors d’un stage supervisé dans un service scolaire de psychologie de mai à novembre 2019. Au cours des séances, l’enfant a fait allusion à des informations sur la mythologie, la nature, les films et les jeux qui, lorsqu’il ont été explorés dans un cadre analytique, ont dévoilé son intérêt pour les questions de sexualité, l’origine des bébés et sa propre conception. Nous espérons que ce rapport collaborera avec les réflexions sur l’omission de la conception, en particulier dans le contexte de la procréation assistée, et qu’il augmentera et mettra à jour la recherche psychanalytique sur l’enfant au Brésil, afin de promouvoir de nouvelles perspectives d’analyse et de contributions. dexpérience d expérience nayant n ayant conception dun 2019 séances lenfant l enfant mythologie nature qui lorsquil lorsqu il analytique sexualité lorigine origine lomission omission assistée quil qu Brésil danalyse analyse contributions 201 20 2

Resumen Este estudio presenta un reporte de experiencia sobre un seguimiento psicoterapéutico de un niño de 9 años, generado mediante tecnologías reproductivas y que no conoce su concepción. Las discusiones presentadas surgieron durante las prácticas supervisadas en un Servicio Escolar de Psicología en el período de mayo a noviembre de 2019. Durante las sesiones, el niño trajo contenido sobre mitología, naturaleza, películas y juegos, que cuando se exploraba en un entorno analítico reveló su interés en temas de sexualidad, de origen de los bebés y de su propia concepción. Se espera mediante este reporte colaborar con las reflexiones sobre la omisión de la concepción, específicamente a la reproducción asistida, y también permitir un aumento y actualización de estudios de la clínica psicoanalítica infantil en Brasil, para que así se promuevan nuevas perspectivas de análisis y contribuciones. años concepción 2019 sesiones mitología naturaleza juegos sexualidad asistida Brasil contribuciones 201 20 2

Abstract This experience report refers to a psychotherapeutic counseling attended by a nine-year-old boy conceived through reproductive technologies and unaware of his conception. The discussions presented here emerged during a supervised internship at a Psychology School Service from May to November 2019. During the sessions, the child alluded to mythology, nature, movies and games contents which when explored in an analytical setting unveiled his interest in issues of sexuality, the origin of babies, and his own conception. We expect this report to collaborate with reflections on the omission of conception, especially in the context of assisted reproduction, and to increase and update child psychoanalytic research in Brazil, as to promote new perspectives of analysis. nineyearold nine year old conception 2019 sessions mythology nature sexuality babies reproduction Brazil analysis 201 20 2

Resumo Este estudo é um relato de experiência referente a um acompanhamento psicoterápico realizado com um menino de 9 anos, gerado por meio das tecnologias reprodutivas e que desconhece sua concepção. As discussões apresentadas emergiram durante as supervisões de estágio supervisionado em um serviço-escola de psicologia no período de maio a novembro de 2019. Durante as sessões, a criança trazia conteúdos a respeito de mitologia, natureza, filmes e jogos que, ao serem explorados em setting analítico, desvelaram o seu interesse em questões da sexualidade, da origem dos bebês e de sua própria concepção. Por meio deste relato, espera-se colaborar com reflexões sobre a omissão da concepção, em específico a reprodução assistida, e, ainda, possibilitar um aumento e uma atualização de estudos sobre a clínica psicanalítica com crianças no Brasil, de forma que venha a promover novas perspectivas de análise e contribuições. anos concepção serviçoescola serviço escola 2019 sessões mitologia natureza analítico sexualidade esperase espera se assistida ainda Brasil contribuições 201 20 2

Résumé L’objectif de cette étude est de décrire la manière dont les enseignants en formation initiale resignifient leurs compréhensions de l’évaluation. 29 enseignants en formation dans une université chilienne ont participé à cette étude de cas basée sur une méthodologie qualitative, exploratoire et descriptive. Les informations ont été recueillies par le biais d’entretiens ayant eu lieu avant et après la mise en œuvre d’un processus de formation sur l’évaluation en tant qu’apprentissage. Des changements ont été perçus dans les jugements et les pratiques des enseignants, en particulier par rapport à leur prise de conscience de la nature sociale et continue de l’évaluation. La conclusion est que l’évaluation-apprentissage en tant que pratique de liberté ne peut se développer que dans des espaces collaboratifs et démocratiques et implique l’affranchissement non seulement de la peur de l’erreur, mais aussi du besoin de contrôle externe. Lobjectif L objectif lévaluation. lévaluation l évaluation. évaluation 2 qualitative descriptive dentretiens d entretiens dun un quapprentissage. quapprentissage qu apprentissage. apprentissage qu’apprentissage lévaluationapprentissage laffranchissement affranchissement lerreur, lerreur erreur, erreur l’erreur externe

Resumo O objetivo do estudo é descrever a ressignificação das compreensões de docentes em formação inicial no tocante à avaliação. Este estudo de caso utilizou uma metodologia qualitativa de alcance exploratório-descritivo. Participaram 29 docentes em formação de uma universidade chilena. A coleta de informação se desenvolveu por meio de entrevistas antes e depois da implementação de um processo formativo baseado no enfoque da avaliação como aprendizagem. Evidenciam-se mudanças em compreensões e práticas, em particular os docentes em formação tomam consciência do caráter social e contínuo da avaliação. Conclui-se que o avaliar-aprender como prática de liberdade emerge de espaços colaborativos e democráticos e implicam uma libertação do medo do erro e da necessidade do controle externo. exploratóriodescritivo. exploratóriodescritivo exploratório descritivo. descritivo exploratório-descritivo 2 chilena aprendizagem Evidenciamse Evidenciam práticas Concluise Conclui avaliaraprender avaliar aprender externo

Abstract The present study aims to describe the redefining of the understandings of teachers in initial training with regard to assessment. The present case study used a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive methodology. A total of 29 teachers in training at a Chilean university took part. Information was collected through interviews before and after the implementation of a training process based on the assessment-as-learning approach. There were changes in understandings and practices, particularly awareness of the social and continuous nature of assessment. The conclusion is that assessment-learning as a practice of freedom emerges from collaborative and democratic spaces and implies a liberation from the fear of error and the need for external control. assessment qualitative exploratorydescriptive exploratory descriptive methodology 2 part assessmentaslearning learning approach practices assessmentlearning control

Resumen El objetivo del estudio es describir la resignificación de las comprensiones de docentes en formación inicial respecto de la evaluación. Este estudio de caso utilizó una metodología cualitativa de alcance exploratorio-descriptivo. Participaron 29 docentes en formación de una universidad chilena. La recolección de información se llevó a cabo por medio de entrevistas antes y después de la implementación de un proceso formativo sustentado en el enfoque de la evaluación como aprendizaje. Se evidencian cambios en comprensiones y prácticas, en particular, el profesorado en formación toma conciencia del carácter social y continuo de la evaluación. Se concluye que el evaluar-aprender como práctica de libertad emerge de espacios colaborativos y democráticos e implica liberarse del miedo al error y de la necesidad del control externo. exploratoriodescriptivo. exploratoriodescriptivo exploratorio descriptivo. descriptivo exploratorio-descriptivo 2 chilena aprendizaje prácticas particular evaluaraprender evaluar aprender externo

RÉSUMÉ Dans cet article, nous décrivons et analysons de manière comparative les performances de deux ensembles communautaires de musique andine qui représentent deux régions d'Argentine aux caractéristiques contrastées et qui constituent les deux référents les plus importants des groupes de femmes et de dissidents en Argentine. Les pratiques performatives du groupe de femmes Nuestra Señora de Fátima de Tilcara, Jujuy, et de la Communauté Mama Quilla, de la zone métropolitaine de Buenos Aires. L'objectif est de comprendre le rapport entre l'expérience-dans-le-monde entendue comme une projection orientée vers une cosmogonie aux racines andines et les qualités esthético-politiques qui réinstaurent la question de la portée du féminisme dissident pour produire d'autres modes d'action et conscience politique. article dArgentine d Argentine Tilcara Jujuy Quilla Aires Lobjectif L objectif lexpériencedanslemonde l expérience dans monde esthéticopolitiques esthético politiques dautres autres daction action politique

ABSTRACT In this article we describe and comparatively analyze the performances of two community Andean music ensembles that represent two regions of Argentina with contrasting characteristics, and that constitute the two most important referents of groups of women and dissidents in Argentina. In this opportunity, we will focus on the performative practices of the women's Band from Tilcara Nuestra Señora de Fátima, Jujuy, and the Mama Quilla Community, from the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. The objective is to understand the relationship between the experience-in-the-world understood as a projection oriented towards a cosmogony with Andean roots and the aesthetic-political qualities that reinstate the question of the scope of dissident feminism to produce other modes of action and political consciousness. characteristics opportunity womens s Fátima Jujuy Community Area experienceintheworld experience world aestheticpolitical aesthetic consciousness

RESUMEN En este artículo describimos y analizamos comparativamente las performances de dos ensambles de música andina comunitaria que representan a dos regiones de Argentina con características contrastantes y que constituyen los dos referentes más importantes de grupos de mujeres y disidencias de la Argentina En esta oportunidad, nos centraremos en las prácticas performativas de la Banda Femenina Nuestra Señora de Fátima de Tilcara, Jujuy, y la Comunidad Mama Quilla, del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. El objetivo es comprender la relación entre la experiencia en-el-mundo entendida como proyección orientada hacia una cosmogonía de raíz andina y las cualidades estéticopolíticas que reinstalan la pregunta por los alcances del feminismo disidente para producir otros modos de acción y conciencia política. oportunidad Tilcara Jujuy Quilla Aires enelmundo el mundo política

Abstract With a synthesis analysis methodology, the purpose of this article is to offer a theoretical foundation on the legitimacy of moral acts and decisions. Consequently, the following question will be resolved: what is the ethical function of law, within the framework of the exercise of a conscience and conscience constructed by moral agents? It is concluded that legitimate coercion must be based on the universal protection of every person and on the submission to objections by citizens, with the purpose of reviewing the legitimacy and legality of legal norms.

Resumen Con una metodología analítico-sintética, el propósito del presente artículo es ofrecer un fundamento teórico sobre la legitimidad de los actos y las decisiones morales. Por consiguiente, se resolverá la siguiente cuestión: ¿cuál es la función ética del derecho, en el marco del ejercicio de una conciencia y consciencia construidas por agentes morales? Se concluye que la coacción legítima debe fundarse en la protección universal de toda persona y en el sometimiento a objeciones por parte de los ciudadanos, con el propósito de revisar la legitimidad y legalidad de las normas jurídicas.

Ecclesiastical decisions about the calling and ordination of women in the offices in local congregations became a burning issue in Reformed Churches world-wide and even resulted in divisions and schisms. This is currently also the case in the community of the Reformed Churches in South Africa (RCA) (Gereformeerde Kerke in Suid-Afrika [GKSA]). The 2009 General Synod of the RCA resolved that women may not be ordained in the offices of ministers and elders. Subsequent Synods re-affirmed this decisions by a mere majority of votes according to Article 31 of the Church Order of the RCA. Despite these resolutions of various Synods, some local churches proceeded with the ordination of women in the applicable offices. Two of these local churches were subsequently excluded from the community of Reformed Churches within the RCA, by two classes with the argument that they disregarded the 'common concent' underlying the official synodical decisions. This study focuses on the question: what is 'common consent' within the context of Reformed Church polity and does this polity enable major assemblies to exclude local churches form the church community merely by way of a motion, just because they cannot reach concensus about a synodical resolution? The central-theoretical argument of the study is that the concepts 'mutual consent', as well as 'exclusion from the church community', should be revisited, because the current 'application of these ideas in the RCA results in irresponsible collective church discipline, leads to schism in the church community, the binding of consciences and the violation of the rights of called church officials'. CONTRIBUTION: This article proposes a responsible code of conduct in the RCA regarding the matter of local congregations that cannot, as a matter of conscience and after many petitions of protest, adhere to the synodical decisions about the prohibiting of the ordination of women in local churches. 'Mutual consent' cannot be understood in an absolute sense and 'exclusion of the church community' is a hierarchical action that runs against the core principles of Presbyterial church polity. A more responsible code is of the utmost importance.

The depiction of Cain and his descendants in the Genesis 4 narrative aligns with the key characteristics of psychopathy and its hereditary nature. The purpose of this study is to examine whether this narrative reflects our current understanding of psychopathy. Cleckley's description of the best-known traits of psychopathy includes a lack of conscience, empathy and social controls, which ultimately lead to deviant antisocial and criminal behaviour. These traits can be seen in Cain's murder of Abel, as well as in his reaction when confronted. They may have also been present in his descendants, such as Lamech and those involved in the implied prostitution of Naäma. In this study, the narrative characters are assessed using Robert Hare's Psychopathy Checklist: Shortened Version, which is examined within the context of Cleckley's observations and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th Edition (DSM-V). The mark of Cain and the Kenites, as well as their nomadic existence at the fringe of the desert, are also explained, as well as how society safeguarded itself by setting strong boundaries. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: The PSL-SV is proven to be an effective diagnostic model when applied to narrative characters in a literary text. Its effectiveness becomes apparent when considering the broader context of the DSM-V and Cleckley's description. Sufficient information about the text and relevant reference works is necessary to utilise this model successfully. This diagnostic approach can be useful for any discipline interpreting narrative texts, for example literary analysis of characters in novels, historical studies of texts about characters in history, and criminal investigation and law, when interpreting narrative accounts of witness statements

Paul's calling presents a conundrum to which many have proposed varied solutions. Not trying to solve the conundrum in toto, this study investigates the existential dynamics of Paul's calling as narrated to the Galatians within the context of their apostasy. The model used is Heidegger's understanding of conscience as a call towards authenticity and away from inauthenticity. Rhetorical analysis assists in identifying Paul's new understanding of authenticity, by analysing the propositio, especially its expositio, which contains soteriological peculiar existential first-person singular expressions. Paul's preaching of his gospel and his letter to the Galatians are in turn also to them, a call to authenticity and away from inauthenticity. His preaching thus resembles the phenomenological idea of conscience. Thus, Paul's gospel cannot be separated from his calling. Both are about the same understanding of authenticity. It is at the same time a new self-understanding: to have been crucified with Christ and therefore Christ living in him and the faithful (Gl 2:19-20). This is a concise formula of soteriology as symbolised in baptism. Such calling is never completed: it remains a dynamic process, a tension and movement between authenticity and inauthenticity. This is reflected in the Galatian apostasy and Paul's letter calling them back to authenticity. The study underlines the crucial importance of soteriology for kerygma and baptism, but especially for understanding a person's call to faith or ministry. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: The model is suitable for studying the religious phenomenon of calling in religious texts and in life