ABSTRACT: This report described the use of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the diagnosis of two cases of canine malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Both patients presented with lameness in the thoracic limb and no response to previous clinical treatment or trauma history. Physical examination revealed muscular atrophy in one of the thoracic limbs, in both dogs. B-mode axillary ultrasound showed the presence of a predominantly hypoechogenic, heterogeneous, irregular, nonencapsulated nodule with adjacent reactivity, measuring approximately 20.1 mm x 15.4 mm in the first case and 18.3 mm x 10.7 mm in the second. ARFI elastography was performed, showing areas of significant stiffness, with an average shear wave velocity of 4.12 m/s (case 1) and 4.35 m/s (case 2), suggesting malignancy. In both cases, the affected limb was amputated, and the tumors sent for histopathological analysis, which were; subsequently, diagnosed as malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath. The ultrasonographic methods used were essential in the diagnosis and therapeutic conduct. ABSTRACT (ARFI history limbs dogs Bmode B mode hypoechogenic heterogeneous irregular reactivity 201 20 1 20. 154 15 4 15. 183 18 3 18. 107 10 7 10. second performed stiffness 412 12 4.1 ms m s 435 35 4.3 2, 2 , 2) malignancy amputated analysis subsequently conduct 41 4. 43

RESUMO: O objetivo deste relato é descrever o auxílio da elastografia por impulso de força de radiação acústica (ARFI) no diagnóstico de dois casos de tumores malignos da bainha dos nervos periféricos em canídeos. Ambos os pacientes apresentavam claudicação em membro torácico e já haviam sido tratados clinicamente por outros profissionais, sem resposta ao tratamento ou histórico de trauma. Ao exame físico, foi observada atrofia muscular em apenas um dos membros torácicos, nos dois casos. Foi realizado exame ultrassonográfico axilar. Na avaliação modo B, foi observada a presença de estrutura nodular, predominantemente hipoecogênica, heterogênea, irregular, não encapsulada e com reatividade adjacente, medindo aproximadamente 20.1 mm x 15.4 mm no primeiro caso e 18.3 mm x 10.7 mm no segundo caso. Foi realizada elastografia ARFI, demonstrando a presença de áreas de maior rigidez, com velocidade de ondas de cisalhamento média de 4.12 m/s (caso 1) e 4.35 m/s (caso 2), sugerindo malignidade. Em ambos os casos, foi realizada amputação do membro afetado e os nódulos removidos foram encaminhados para análise histopatológica, na qual se obteve o diagnóstico de tumor maligno da bainha de nervo periférico. Os métodos ultrassonográficos realizados nesses casos foram essenciais para o diagnóstico e conduta terapêutica. RESUMO ARFI (ARFI canídeos profissionais trauma físico torácicos axilar B nodular hipoecogênica heterogênea irregular adjacente 201 20 1 20. 154 15 4 15. 183 18 3 18. 107 10 7 10. rigidez 412 12 4.1 ms m s 435 35 4.3 2, 2 , 2) malignidade histopatológica periférico terapêutica 41 4. 43

Abstract What is the role of the Electoral Justice in Brazil? This question has guided several studies on the current democratic period. However, there is almost no knowledge about the initial phase of the Electoral Justice. This article is a preliminary attempt to elucidate the “first steps” of the Electoral Justice in the conduct of the 1933 election. Based on an analytical framework centered on four aspects - organization of the election, impartiality, independence and rule-making - and through a survey of unpublished data from newspapers and official sources, the study shows that at the time the Electoral Justice was highly committed to organizational aspects, even though it acted in conditions of relative partiality, especially at the local administrative level. I conclude by proposing a research agenda for the coming years in which the role of the Electoral Justice in the conduct of elections is considered as a central axis for problematizing democratization in Brazil beyond the classic dimensions (suffrage, secret ballot, political competition) discussed in the literature. period However first steps 193 election impartiality rulemaking rule making sources partiality level suffrage, suffrage (suffrage ballot competition literature 19 1

Résumé Quel est le rôle de la Justice Électorale au Brésil ? Cette question a guidé de nombreux travaux sur la période démocratique actuelle. Cependant, la connaissance de la phase initiale de la Justice Électorale est presque inexistante. Cet article constitue une tentative préliminaire visant à élucider les “premiers pas” de la Justice Électorale dans la conduite de l’élection de 1933. En partant d’un cadre analytique centré sur quatre aspects - l’organisation de l’élection, l’impartialité, l’indépendance et l’élaboration des règles -, et grâce à une collecte de données inédites dans les journaux et les sources officielles, l’étude montre qu’à l’époque, la Justice Électorale présentait 1) un fort engagement dans les aspects organisationnels, bien qu’elle agissait dans des conditions de 2) partialité relative, surtout au niveau administratif local. Je conclus en proposant un programme de recherche pour les années à venir dans lequel le rôle de la Justice Électorale dans la conduite des élections est considéré comme l’axe central pour problématiser la démocratisation au Brésil au-delà des dimensions classiques (suffrage, vote secret, compétition politique) discutées dans la littérature. actuelle Cependant inexistante premiers pas lélection l élection 1933 dun d lorganisation organisation lélection, élection, limpartialité, limpartialité impartialité, impartialité l’impartialité lindépendance indépendance lélaboration élaboration , officielles létude étude quà qu lépoque, lépoque époque, époque l’époque 1 organisationnels quelle elle 2 relative local laxe axe audelà delà suffrage, suffrage (suffrage secret politique littérature 193 19

Resumo Qual o papel da Justiça Eleitoral na condução das eleições? Esta pergunta orientou vários trabalhos sobre o período democrático atual. Entretanto, o conhecimento sobre a fase inicial da Justiça Eleitoral é quase que inexistente. Este artigo constitui uma tentativa preliminar de elucidar os “primeiros passos” da Justiça Eleitoral na condução da eleição de 1933. Partindo de um arcabouço analítico centrado em quatro aspectos – organização da eleição, imparcialidade, independência e rule-making –, e por meio de um levantamento de dados inéditos em jornais e fontes oficiais, o estudo revela que em 1932 a Justiça Eleitoral apresentava 1) um elevado comprometimento nos aspectos organizacionais, ainda que atuasse em condições de 2) relativa parcialidade, sobretudo no âmbito administrativo local. O artigo conclui propondo que o tema da democratização no Brasil deva ir além das dimensões clássicas discutidas pela literatura (sufrágio, voto secreto, competição política) e passe a incorporar o papel da Justiça Eleitoral, contribuindo para a construção de uma agenda de pesquisa em torno deste ramo especializado do Poder Judiciário. eleições atual Entretanto inexistente primeiros passos 1933 imparcialidade rulemaking rule making oficiais 193 1 organizacionais 2 parcialidade local sufrágio, sufrágio (sufrágio secreto política Judiciário 19

Resumen ¿Cuál es el papel de la Justicia Electoral en Brasil? Esta cuestión ha guiado varios trabajos sobre el actual periodo democrático. Sin embargo, los conocimientos sobre la fase inicial de la justicia electoral son casi inexistentes. Este artículo es un intento preliminar de dilucidar los “primeros pasos” de la Justicia Electoral en la conducción de las elecciones de 1933. A partir de un marco analítico centrado en cuatro aspectos – organización de la elección, imparcialidad, independencia y elaboración de normas – y mediante un estudio de datos inéditos procedentes de periódicos y fuentes oficiales, el estudio demuestra que en aquella época la Justicia Electoral estaba 1) muy comprometida con sus aspectos organizativos, aunque actuaba en condiciones de 2) relativa parcialidad, especialmente en el ámbito administrativo local. Concluyo proponiendo una agenda de investigación para los próximos años en la que sea considerado el papel de la Justicia Electoral en la conducción de las elecciones como un eje central para problematizar la democratización en Brasil más allá de las dimensiones clásicas (sufragio, voto secreto, competencia política) discutidas en la literatura. Cuál democrático embargo inexistentes primeros pasos 1933 elección imparcialidad oficiales 1 organizativos 2 parcialidad local sufragio, sufragio (sufragio secreto política literatura 193 19

ABSTRACT: The structure of the root system of the conilon coffee tree has improved over the years through propagation, genetic, and agronomic studies in response to demands for improvements in plant development, production, and survival of the species. Scientific research plays an important role in generating technologies and the security of applications. However, there is a need to refine the content generated to analyze discoveries and trends on the subject. Therefore, the present study conduct a bibliometric review and analysis on the main contributions of relevant studies, researchers, organizations, and countries in academic research on the rooting of Coffea canephora in the Web of Science (WOS) database. Data from the WOS database published between 1982 and 2021 and systematized in the VOSviewer software showed a set of 92 articles, the majority of which originated in Brazil and France, with the main groups being the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, the Federal University of Viçosa, and CIRAD. The study was divided into five areas: genetic diversity, asexual propagation, nematology, tolerance to water stress, and micropropagation. However, in the context of climate changes and its impact on the production and longevity of Brazilian coffee farming, research focused on the root system has increased significantly, integrating it into lines that explore and integrate topics such as climate risk, water management, drought tolerance, and drip irrigation, including reflections on the performance of coffee agronomy. ABSTRACT propagation development species applications However subject Therefore researchers organizations (WOS 198 202 9 articles France Corporation Viçosa CIRAD areas diversity nematology stress micropropagation farming significantly risk management irrigation agronomy 19 20 1 2

RESUMO: A estrutura do sistema radicular do cafeeiro Conilon tem sido aprimorada ao longo dos anos por meio de propagação e estudos genéticos e agronômicos em resposta às demandas por melhorias no desenvolvimento vegetal, na produção e na sobrevivência da espécie. Entende-se que a pesquisa científica desempenha um papel importante na geração de tecnologias e também na segurança das aplicações. Porém, há necessidade de refinar o código gerado para descobrir descobertas e tendências sobre o assunto. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliométrica e análise na base de dados Web of Science (WOS) sobre as principais contribuições de estudos, pesquisadores, organizações e países relevantes nas pesquisas acadêmicas sobre o enraizamento de Coffea canephora. Dados da base de dados WOS publicados entre 1982 e 2021 e sistematizados no software VOSviewer, mostraram um conjunto de 92 artigos, em que a maioria teve origem no Brasil e na França, tendo como principais grupos a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, a Universidade Federal de Viçosa e o CIRAD. O estudo está dividido em quatro áreas: diversidade genética, propagação assexuada, nematologia, tolerância ao estresse hídrico e micropropagação, porém, destaca-se que no contexto das mudanças climáticas e seu impacto na produção e longevidade da cafeicultura brasileira, podemos ver o surgimento de pesquisas focadas no sistema radicular, integrando-o em linhas que exploram e integram temas como risco climático, gestão hídrica, tolerância à seca e irrigação por gotejamento, incluindo reflexões sobre o desempenho da agronomia cafeeira. RESUMO vegetal espécie Entendese Entende se aplicações Porém assunto sentido (WOS pesquisadores canephora 198 202 VOSviewer 9 artigos França Agropecuária CIRAD áreas genética assexuada nematologia micropropagação porém destacase destaca brasileira integrandoo integrando climático hídrica gotejamento cafeeira 19 20 1 2

ABSTRACT The search for more sustainable systems of rice cultivation, especially in relation to water use, has included the evaluation of more-efficient irrigation systems in addition to alternative water sources. The aim of this study was to conduct a phytosociological survey of weeds in rice crops irrigated by subsurface drip with different concentrations of treated dairy effluent, maintaining the soil moisture at saturation or field capacity. A pilot scale experiment was carried out in a protected environment using a randomised block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The IAC 301 cultivar (Arborio rice) was chosen. The phytosociological surveys were carried out on four different dates, and considered the composition as well as the distribution of plant species in each of the applied treatments, using the importance value index (IVI) to evaluate the influence of each treatment. The results showed that cultivating irrigated rice, giving priority to water management, altered the ecology of invasive plants. Fourteen weed species were identified, distributed over 10 families. The effluent dose did not alter the incidence of invasive plants, and only at the final evaluation was there a reduction in the IVI value at effluent concentrations of 50% and 75%. For soil moisture, the highest IVI values occurred on the first two days of the survey under saturated conditions; this result was reversed closer to plant maturity, when the IVI values were higher at field capacity. cultivation use moreefficient efficient sources capacity scheme replications 30 Arborio chosen dates treatments (IVI treatment management plants identified 1 families 50 75 75% conditions maturity 3 7

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the perception and degree of satisfaction of blind individuals regarding an electronic cane prototype with a wearable haptic interface. Methods: Two scenarios with different obstacles were created to conduct tests with the canes (the user’s cane and the prototype one). The perception and satisfaction of participants regarding the electronic cane were assessed using a questionnaire, the number of collisions during the tests, and the time each individual took to complete the course in each scenario. Results: Ten blind individuals who used the white cane participated in this study. Eight were males, and two were females. Their age ranged from 23 to 43 (average 32.3 ± 7.13 years and median 32 years). There was a tendency for fewer collisions with ground obstacles when the electronic cane was used than when the white cane was used. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the number of collisions and the course completion time in each scenario with either canes tested. Conclusion: Overall, the perception and satisfaction of individuals regarding the prototype used were positive. Purpose interface Methods users user s one. one . one) questionnaire Results males females 2 4 average 323 3 32. 713 7 13 7.1 years. years) However tested Conclusion Overall positive 71 1 7.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives: There have always been employers, managers and/or co-workers with less correct and disruptive behaviors, with possible consequences in terms of physical and emotional health, in addition to direct intervention in work parameters (such as performance, satisfaction, productivity and profit). Within this dimension there is a very wide variation between more subtle and possibly less serious situations, to the opposite. The aim of this review is to address the softer part of this spectrum and, possibly, more discreet and frequent, in order to provide Occupational Health and Safety Professionals with more weapons, to better guide the situation. Methodology: This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content: Civility can be defined as tolerance, respect and concern for others; with the possibility of sharing and disagreeing in a polite and cooperative way, based on treating with dignity; which can mitigate the effects of workload on employees’ mental health. Incivility occurs when an individual violates respect for others by being rude and/or condescending, leading to disrespect, conflict and anxiety. In other words, it is a deviant behavior that is not very intense, violating the rules of good work conduct. This review also mentions data relating to possible classifications of Incivility, elements that can commit it, factors that increase or mitigate the risk of being a target of this phenomenon, professional areas most affected, some international statistics; as well as personal and work consequences and ways to mitigate the problem. Discussion and Conclusions: Addressing and drawing attention to Workplace Incivility will certainly make everyone involved more aware and capable of mitigating or eliminating it, contributing to the construction of healthier cultures and work environments (physically and emotionally); creating more competitive and profitable institutions. It would be interesting to see if, at a national level, there are employers who have already studied the topic inside (or intend to do so in the future), summarizing the respective incidences/prevalence of the different subtypes of uncivilized behavior, socio-demographic-professional characteristics of the aggressors and attacked workers, measures taken and their effectiveness, publishing this in a specialized magazine.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos: Desde sempre que existiram empregadores, chefias e/ou colegas de trabalho com comportamentos menos corretos e perturbadores, com eventuais consequências a nível da saúde física e emocional, para além da interação com parâmetros laborais (como desempenho, satisfação, produtividade e lucro). Dentro desta dimensão existe uma variação muito ampla entre situações mais subtis e eventualmente menos graves, até o oposto. Pretende-se com esta revisão abordar a parte mais suave deste espetro e, eventualmente, mais discreta e frequente, de forma a dotar os Profissionais da Saúde e Segurança Ocupacionais de mais armas, para melhor orientarem a situação. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo: Civilidade pode ser definida como tolerância, respeito e preocupação pelos outros; com possibilidade de partilhar e discordar de uma forma educada, cooperando, baseada no trato com dignidade; podendo atenuar os efeitos da carga de trabalho na saúde mental dos funcionários. Incivilidade ocorre quando um indivíduo viola o respeito por terceiros, sendo rude e/ou condescendente, levando a um ambiente de conflito e ansiedade. Ou seja, é um comportamento desviante não muito intenso, mas violando as normas/condutas de trabalho. Nesta revisão são ainda mencionados dados relativos a eventuais classificações de Incivilidade, elementos que a podem cometer, fatores que potenciam ou atenuam o risco de ser alvo deste fenómeno, áreas profissionais mais atingidas e algumas estatísticas internacionais, consequências pessoais e laborais e forma de atenuar o problema. Discussão e Conclusões: Abordar e chamar a atenção para a Incivilidade Laboral certamente conseguirá que todos os envolvidos ficam mais atentos e capazes de a atenuar ou eliminar, contribuindo para a construção de culturas e ambientes de trabalho mais saudáveis (física e emocionalmente); criando instituições mais competitivas e lucrativas. Seria curioso perceber se a nível nacional existem empregadores que já tenham estudado o tema dentro de suas portas (ou pretendam fazê-lo futuramente), resumindo as respetivas incidências/prevalências dos diversos subtipos de comportamentos incivilizados, caraterísticas socio-demográfico-profissionais dos agressores e agredidos, medidas tomadas e eficácia das mesmas, divulgando tal em revista especializada.

Abstract In this article, the business diagnosis is addressed through a case study focused on Bioeko. The problem context is centered on the need to understand the factors affecting the achievement of an organization's strategic objectives. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Bioeko, using an organizational diagnostic tool. The methodology adopted was based on a descriptive and inductive approach backed by a qualitative analysis. An organizational diagnostic tool was developed in Excel that allows the assessment of the organization in five key areas: strategy, finance, marketing, operations, and human resource management. This tool is complemented with specific automatic questionnaires and is based on various dimensions of analysis to evaluate and improve key areas of the company, including the current situation, forecasts, general diagnosis, and results. The study revealed that, despite having strengths in human capital management, Bioeko needs to improve its coordination, marketing, and financial administration to boost its competitiveness. In conclusion, it is argued that the implementation of diagnostic tools will drive continuous improvements in SMEs, promoting innovation and learning through a collaborative working environment. These efforts are fundamental for the growth and sustainable success of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Resumen En este artículo, se aborda el diagnóstico empresarial a través de un estudio de caso centrado en Bioeko. El contexto del problema se centra en la necesidad de comprender los factores que afectan al logro de los objetivos estratégicos de una organización. El objetivo del artículo es realizar un análisis exhaustivo de Bioeko, utilizando una herramienta de diagnóstico organizacional. La metodología adoptada se basó en un enfoque descriptivo e inductivo respaldado por un análisis cualitativo. Se desarrolló una herramienta de diagnóstico organizacional en Excel que permite evaluar la organización en cinco áreas clave: estrategia, finanzas, marketing, operaciones y gestión de recursos humanos. Esta herramienta se complementa con cuestionarios específicos automáticos y se basa en diversas dimensiones de análisis para evaluar y mejorar áreas clave de la empresa, incluyendo la situación actual, previsiones, diagnóstico general y resultados. El estudio reveló que, a pesar de contar con fortalezas en la gestión del capital humano, Bioeko necesita mejorar su coordinación, marketing y administración financiera para impulsar su competitividad. En conclusión, se sostiene que la implementación de herramientas de diagnóstico impulsará mejoras constantes en las Mipymes, fomentando la innovación y el aprendizaje a través de un entorno laboral colaborativo. Estos esfuerzos son fundamentales para el crecimiento y el éxito sostenible de las pequeñas y medianas empresas.

Resumen La investigación sobre el acceso a la protección social de los inmigrantes ecuatorianos es escasa. Aún no es claro qué tipo de protección social reciben y si esto está asociado con su perfil sociodemográfico. El presente estudio utilizó las encuestas LAMP-ECU4, con representatividad en cuatro comunidades del sur de Ecuador, para realizar un análisis cuantitativo del acceso de los inmigrantes ecuatorianos a la protección social en Estados Unidos y en España en las categorías de empleo, vivienda y préstamos de dinero, y la relación entre dicho acceso y sus perfiles sociodemográficos. Los resultados evidencian que los migrantes ecuatorianos de las cuatro comunidades tenían altos niveles de acceso a la protección social en las tres categorías. La principal fuente de apoyo fueron los vínculos individuales y se encontró relación entre la protección social y el perfil sociodemográfico de los migrantes. Este estudio proporciona contribuciones útiles para el diseño de políticas públicas.

ABSTRACT Research on access to social protection for Ecuadorian immigrants is scarce. It remains unclear what social protection they receive and whether this is associated with their sociodemographic profile. This study used the LAMP-ECU4 surveys, with representatives from four communities in southern Ecuador, to conduct a quantitative analysis of the access to social protection of Ecuadorian immigrants in the United States, and Spain in the categories of employment, housing, and money lending, and the relationship between the latter and their sociodemographic profiles. The results showed that Ecuadorian migrants from the four communities had high levels of access to social protection in all three categories. The main source of support was individual ties, and a relationship was found between social protection and the sociodemographic profiles of immigrants. This study provides input for public policy design.

Abstract There are multiple approaches to examining 'gender in organisations,' each exhibiting diversity and originating from various fields and ideological frameworks. Mainstream literature on 'gender in organisations' focuses on gender-based differences within the organisation-emphasizing concepts like glass ceilings, sticky floors, and variations in management practices between men and women-to shed light on discriminatory practices against women. However, this perspective, which views organisations as gender-neutral spaces, overlooks concealed mechanisms that perpetuate patriarchal social structures. These mechanisms not only act as obstacles to equal job opportunities but also create environments marked by inequality, discrimination, and violence, mirroring societal-level issues. To address these shortcomings, the article adopts an approach from Feminist Action Research methods, highlighting its ability to challenge power dynamics and facilitate inclusive decision-making processes, revealing its influence on transformation at organisational, personal, and social levels. To illustrate the benefits from Feminist Action Research, this article explains the research process conducted at Alternative and Solidarity Economy Network of the Valencian Country (XEAS País Valencià, using its Valencian acronym) over 14 months. During this period a feminist organisational change process was implemented to reflect upon and transition towards a more liveable organisation. Various qualitative techniques, such as semi-structured interviews, participatory workshops, participant observation, and document review, were combined to conduct this study. The lessons learned from this study can inspire future similar studies in the Management field, with an aspiration to address gender discrimination issues more in-depth.

Resumen Existen múltiples enfoques para examinar el "género en las organizaciones", cada uno mostrando diversidad y originándose en diversos campos y marcos ideológicos. La literatura convencional sobre "género en las organizaciones" se centra en las diferencias basadas en el género dentro de la organización, destacando conceptos como techos de cristal, suelos pegajosos y variaciones en las prácticas de gestión entre hombres y mujeres, para arrojar luz sobre las prácticas discriminatorias contra las mujeres. Sin embargo, esta perspectiva, que considera a las organizaciones como espacios neutrales en cuanto al género, pasa por alto mecanismos ocultos que perpetúan estructuras sociales patriarcales. Estos mecanismos no solo actúan como obstáculos para la igualdad de oportunidades laborales, sino que también crean entornos marcados por la desigualdad, la discriminación y la violencia, reflejando problemas a nivel social. Para abordar estas deficiencias, el artículo adopta un enfoque basado en métodos de Investigación Acción Feminista, destacando su capacidad para desafiar las dinámicas de poder y facilitar procesos de toma de decisiones inclusivos, revelando su influencia en la transformación a nivel organizacional, personal y social. Para ilustrar los beneficios de la Investigación Acción Feminista, este artículo explica el proceso de investigación llevado a cabo en la Red de Economía Alternativa y Solidaria del País Valenciano (XEAS País Valencià, usando su acrónimo en valenciano) durante 14 meses. Durante este período, se implementó un proceso de cambio organizacional feminista para reflexionar y transitar hacia una organización más habitable. Se combinaron diversas técnicas cualitativas, como entrevistas semiestructuradas, talleres participativos, observación participante y revisión de documentos, para llevar a cabo este estudio. Las lecciones aprendidas de este estudio pueden inspirar futuros estudios similares en el campo de la Gestión, con la aspiración de abordar más a fondo los problemas de discriminación de género.

ABSTRACT In Colombia, labour law seeks to prevent and punish harassment at work, understood as "persistent and demonstrable" conduct with the purpose of undermining the dignity of the worker. Likewise, criminal law criminalises sexual harassment, understood as the act of using one's superiority for non-consensual sexual purposes. This criminal offence seeks to protect freedom, integrity and sexual training. This article analyses, using a gender perspective, the fragmentation that has occurred so far as a result of this double regulation in scenarios of sexual harassment in the workplace and which the Congress of the Republic seeks to remedy with the issuing of Act 2365, 2024. We present six tensions or points in common between labour and criminal regulations. We conclude the article by proposing three lines of research: (1) on the barriers to access to justice for sexual harassment, (2) to continue feminist dogmatic research and (3) on the forms of control in labour settings.

RESUMEN En Colombia, el derecho laboral busca prevenir y sancionar el acoso laboral, entendido como una conducta "persistente y demostrable" con el propósito de cercenar la dignidad del trabajador. Asimismo, el derecho penal tipifica el acoso sexual, comprendido como el hecho de querer valerse de la superioridad con fines sexuales no consentidos. Este tipo penal busca proteger la libertad, la integridad y la formación sexual. Este artículo analiza, utilizando una perspectiva de género, la fragmentación que se ha presentado hasta ahora a raíz de esta doble regulación en escenarios de acoso sexual laboral y que el Congreso de la República busca subsanar con la expedición de la Ley 2365 de 2024. Presentamos seis tensiones o puntos en común entre las regulaciones laborales y penales. Concluimos el artículo proponiendo tres líneas de investigación: (1) sobre las barreras de acceso a la justicia del acoso sexual, (2) continuar la investigación dogmática feminista y (3) sobre las formas de control en escenarios laborales.

RESUMEN La Sentencia 1364-17-EP/23 de la Corte Constitucional aparentemente cerró la discusión sobre el alcance del art. 233 de la CRE en lo que respecta al peculado. Se afirma serían autores tanto servidores públicos como sujetos que no ostenten esta condición, independientemente de sus conductas. La resolución es insatisfactoria. En la misma no se confrontó si el contenido del precepto constitucional era suficiente para cumplir con la determinación que requiere la tipificación de una conducta. El debate no puede cerrarse sin alcanzar estos niveles de análisis. El objetivo de este artículo es desafiar esta decisión, presentando argumentos que no fueron considerados, y a través de estos, cuestionar las conclusiones alcanzadas. Desde la explicación de lo que es un intraneus y un extraneus, se plantea otras formas de interpretar el art. 233. Entre las alternativas, se selecciona la que se cree que guarda armonía con todo el sistema de normas. El art. 233 fija la necesidad de que en el peculado se sancione como autores a no servidores públicos y a privados, pero no es suficiente para ser aplicado directamente. Es el principio de legalidad el que cumple con el mandato de determinación. Finalmente, se resalta que la norma penal sí contempla supuestos donde pueden intervenir como autores personas sin la calidad de servidores públicos, casos en los que existe certeza sobre la conducta prohibida.

ABSTRACT Sentence 1364-17-EP/23 of Constitutional Court and article 233 of the CRE regarding embezzlement seems to be closed. It is stated that both public servants and the ones who do not hold this condition can be authors regardless of their conduct. The resolution is not acceptable as it did not confront whether the content of the constitutional precept was sufficient to comply with the determination required to classify a conduct. The debate cannot be closed without reaching these levels of analysis. The aim of this article is to challenge this decision with arguments that were not considered and can be used to question the conclusions reached. From the explanation of what an intraneus and an extraneus are, other ways of interpreting article 233 are proposed. Among the alternatives, the selected is the one that is believed to be in harmony with the entire system of regulations. Article 233 establishes the need to sanction to non-public and private servants as perpetrators of embezzlement. However, it is not enough to be applied directly. It is the principle of legality that fulfills the mandate of determination. Finally, it is highlighted that the criminal law does contemplate cases where people without the status of public servants may intervene as perpetrators, cases in which there is certainty about the prohibited conduct.

Resumo: Introdução : A anemia é um distúrbio altamente prevalente. A anemia pré-operatória está associada a maior mortalidade, mais complicações, tempo prolongado de internação e maiores custos de saúde. A transfusão de glóbulos vermelhos (TGV) não melhora esses resultados. A Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda a implementação de medidas de Gerenciamento de Sangue do Paciente (GSP), pois permitem melhorar esses resultados clínicos, reduzir TGV desnecessárias e economizar custos. Apesar da evidência contundente, a implementação dessas medidas ainda está aquém de ser efetivada. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise da situação para conscientizar sobre o problema e incentivar a implementação dessas medidas. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo de coorte histórica, unicêntrico. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de coordenação de 01/01/2022 a 01/04/2022 no Hospital de Clínicas. Critérios de exclusão: ausência de hemograma nos três meses anteriores à cirurgia e recusa em participar do estudo. Resultados: Foram analisadas um total de 329 cirurgias. 52 a cada 100 procedimentos foram realizados em pacientes com anemia. Foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a anemia pré-operatória e a recepção de TGR durante a internação. OR 11,746 (4,518 - 30,540). A anemia e as TGR prolongaram significativamente a internação hospitalar. Dias de internação em função da condição do paciente: Sem anemia: 10,1 ± 1,1 dias, com anemia: 27,2 ± 2,3 dias. Valor p < 0,001. Não transfundidos: 14,5 ± 1,3 dias, transfundidos: 41,8 ± 4,4 dias. Valor p < 0,001. Apenas 49 (28,6%) dos 171 pacientes com anemia tinham metabolismo do ferro antes da cirurgia. Dos 140 pacientes com Hb < 12 mg/dL submetidos a cirurgias com sangramento não insignificante, 4 receberam tratamento específico para otimizar a Hb. Foram administradas um total de 185 unidades de glóbulos vermelhos (UGV) durante a internação. 49 em pacientes instáveis (intraoperatório ou hemorragia aguda) e 136 em pacientes estáveis. Da análise desses últimos, 42,5% dos pacientes receberam 3 ou mais UGV. A hemoglobina pré-transfusional média foi de 7,0 ± 0,1. Foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre receber UGV e falecer durante a internação. OR 17,182 (3,360 - 87,872). Conclusões: Foi realizado uma análise da situação na qual foi observada uma elevada prevalência de anemia pré-operatória, um estudo e tratamento escasso da anemia antes das cirurgias e uma quantidade excessiva de UGV recebidas por alguns pacientes. Este trabalho estabelece a necessidade de implementar programas de Gerenciamento de Sangue do Paciente para reduzir a prevalência de anemia pré-operatória e melhorar nossas práticas transfusionais. Além disso, estabelece um quadro comparativo para avaliar o progresso dessas medidas e aponta possíveis indicadores para avaliar os benefícios de sua implementação.

Abstract: Introduction: Anemia is a highly prevalent disorder. Preoperative anemia is associated with higher mortality, more complications, longer hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. Red blood cell transfusion (RBC) does not improve these outcomes. The World Health Organization recommends implementing Patient Blood Management (PBM) programmes, as they can improve these clinical outcomes, reduce unnecessary RBC transfusions, and save costs. Despite compelling evidence, the implementation of these measures has yet to be effectively achieved. The objective of this study is to conduct a situational analysis to raise awareness about this issue and encourage the implementation of these measures. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center. All patients undergoing elective surgery from 01/01/2022 to 01/04/2022 at the Hospital de Clínicas were included. Exclusion criteria: absence of a complete blood count in the three months prior to surgery and refusal to participate in the study. Results: A total of 329 surgeries were analyzed. 52 out of 100 procedures were performed on patients with anemia. A statistically significant association was found between preoperative anemia and receiving RBC transfusion during hospitalization. OR 11.746 (4.518 - 30.540). Anemia and RBC transfusions significantly prolonged hospital stay. Length of hospitalization based on patient condition: No anemia: 10.1 ± 1.1 days, with anemia: 27.2 ± 2.3 days. Value of p < 0.001. Non-transfused: 14.5 ± 1.3 days, transfused: 41.8 ± 4.4 days. Value of p < 0.001. Only 49 (28.6%) of the 171 patients with anemia had iron metabolism assessed before surgery. Among the 140 patients with Hb < 12 g/dL undergoing surgeries with non-insignificant bleeding, only 4 received specific treatment to optimize Hb. A total of 185 units of red blood cells (RBC) were administered during hospitalization. 49 to unstable patients (intraoperative or acute hemorrhage) and 136 to stable patients. From the analysis of the latter group, 42.5% of the patients received 3 or more RBC units. The average pre-transfusion hemoglobin was 7.0 ± 0.1. A statistically significant association was found between receiving RBC units and dying during hospitalization. OR 17.182 (3.360 - 87.872). Conclusiones: A situational analysis was conducted, revealing a high prevalence of preoperative anemia, scarce study and treatment of anemia before surgeries, and an excessive amount of blood transfusions received by some patients. This work establishes the need to implement Patient Blood Management programs to reduce the prevalence of preoperative anemia and improve our transfusion practices. It also sets a comparative framework to evaluate the progress of these measures and indicates possible indicators to assess the benefits of their implementation.

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Abstract This work describes research that seeks to establish what gender students assign to six university courses. The work was divided into two phases, in the first one, the statistical data, from 2010 to 2022, of the number of students new to careers differentiated by gender was analyzed. In the second part, we sought to know the students opinions on the difference found in the number of male and female students admitted to each degree program. For this phase, ten students from each major were chosen to conduct a structured interview with open questions. A theoretical-deductive methodology with a quantitative approach was used for the statistical analysis and an analytical-synthetic methodology with a qualitative approach for the interviews. Among the results, it was obtained that, statistically, the university majors considered in the study have been assigned a gender; and that furthermore, when students are asked if the courses have gender, they answer no. But in the interview, their answers and comments allow us to affirm that they do assign a gender to the university major and that it coincides with the one found in the statistical analysis.

Resumen En este trabajo se describe una investigación que busca establecer qué género asignan los estudiantes a seis carreras universitarias. El trabajo se dividió en dos fases: en la primera, se analizaron los datos estadísticos, del 2010 al 2022, del número de alumnos de nuevo ingreso a las carreras diferenciados por género; en la segunda parte se buscó conocer las opiniones de los estudiantes sobre la diferencia encontrada en el número de alumnos y alumnas admitidos en cada carrera, para esta fase se eligieron diez estudiantes de cada carrera para realizarles una entrevista estructurada de preguntas abiertas. Se utilizó una metodología teórica-deductiva con enfoque cuantitativo para el análisis estadístico y una analítica-sintética con enfoque cualitativo para las entrevistas. Entre los resultados se obtuvo que, de manera estadística, a las carreras universitarias consideradas en el estudio sí se les ha asignado un género; y que, además, cuando a los estudiantes se les cuestiona si las carreras tienen género, responden que no. Pero en la entrevista, sus respuestas y comentarios, permiten afirmar que ellos sí asignan un género a las carreras universitarias y que coincide con el hallado en el análisis estadístico.

Abstract Catch and fishing effort data are generally available, hence surplus production models are commonly used to conduct assessments. However, hyperstability resulting from spawning aggregations (SA) pose challenges to determine status and inform management of many fisheries resources. Using data from 1991 to 2019, we develop a method to study hyperstable fished stocks relaxing the assumption of constant catchability, hence direct dependence of catch-per-unit-effort and biomass. Information criterion was used to choose the best model including a Cobb-Douglas function for gulf corvina (Cynoscion othonopterus), a sciaenid fish endemic to the gulf of California, managed through annual quotas. Bionomic stock-reduction models were fit using catch, effort, published natural mortality, virgin biomass, and economic structure. Models were solved using maximum likelihood and the best model chosen with Akaike information criterion. Current fishing effort is beyond bionomic optimum. This deserves a precautionary approach to protect this endemic species and sustain the fishery.

Resumen Generalmente se disponen de datos de captura y esfuerzo para evaluar stocks usando modelos de producción excedente. Sin embargo, la hiperestabilidad resultante de agregaciones de desove (AD) genera retos en muchos recursos pesqueros; entonces se recomienda usar funciones de producción no lineal. Utilizando datos de 1991 a 2019, desarrollamos un método para evaluar pesquerías de recursos hiperestables, relajando el supuesto de capturabilidad constante y dependencia directa de captura-por-unidad-de-esfuerzo y biomasa. Usamos criterios de información para determinar el mejor modelo usando una función Cobb-Douglas. Ejemplificamos con la pesquería de corvina "golfina" (Cynoscion othonopterus), un pez endémico al golfo de California con un sistema de cuotas anuales. Los modelos bionómicos se ajustaron utilizando captura y esfuerzo anuales, tasas de mortalidad natural, biomasa virgen y estructura económica. Ajustando por máxima verosimilitud, el mejor modelo se eligió con el criterio de Akaike. El esfuerzo de pesca actual sobrepasa el óptimo bionómico. Esto implica adoptar enfoques precautorios para proteger esta especie endémica y sostener la pesquería.

ABSTRACT The present study aims to analyze the relationship between a tourist’s personality traits and the diverse motivational factors that guide their selection of a travel destination. To conduct this research, we adopted a quantitative, cross-sectional approach, collecting information through a survey involving 384 participants in Quito. The results revealed that potential tourists consider various factors, including their needs, desires, available offerings, and personality traits when choosing a destination. However, it was established that personality traits do not significantly influence tourism needs and offerings. Furthermore, desires do not serve as direct or indirect mediating variables between needs and offerings. In conclusion, an individual’s personality does not necessarily dictate motivation when selecting a tourist destination. This study provides a comprehensive view of how psychological and motivational factors interact in the complex decision-making process within tourism.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre los rasgos de personalidad de un turista y los diversos factores motivacionales que guían su selección de un destino de viaje. Para realizar esta investigación, adoptamos un enfoque cuantitativo y transversal, recopilando información a través de una encuesta que involucró a 384 participantes en Quito. Los resultados revelaron que los turistas potenciales consideran varios factores, incluidas sus necesidades, deseos, ofertas disponibles y rasgos de personalidad, al elegir un destino. Sin embargo, se estableció que los rasgos de personalidad no influyen significativamente en las necesidades y oferta turística. Además, los deseos no sirven como variables mediadoras directas o indirectas entre necesidades y ofertas. En conclusión, la personalidad de un individuo no necesariamente dicta la motivación a la hora de seleccionar un destino turístico. Este estudio proporciona una visión integral de cómo interactúan los factores psicológicos y motivacionales en el complejo proceso de toma de decisiones dentro del turismo.