Resumen Marco contextual: Se ha reportado la participación de distracciones en errores clínicos y fallos de procedimiento. Objetivo: Analizar las distracciones del personal de enfermería durante la preparación y administración de fármacos de alto riesgo. Metodología: Estudio transversal desarrollado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos y una unidad de hospitalización. Se observaron distracciones del personal de enfermería durante el proceso de medicación a través de dos listas de control. La muestra fue seleccionada por conveniencia (abril-mayo 2019). Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva (IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 24.0). Los datos cualitativos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: Hubo 137 distracciones en 193 procesos de medicación. La mayoría de las distracciones fueron iniciadas por otros miembros del equipo sanitario a través de conversaciones. La mayoría se produjeron en la fase de preparación y fueron negativas y se gestionaron mediante la estrategia multitarea. Conclusión: Las distracciones durante el proceso de medicación se referían principalmente a las comunicaciones profesionales y sociales. La importancia de esas distracciones variaba en función de la fase del proceso.

Resumo Enquadramento: Estudos indicam que as interrupções contribuem para erros clínicos e falhas em procedimentos. Objetivo: Analisar as interrupções vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros durante a preparação e administração de medicamentos de alto risco. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal numa unidade de cuidados intensivos e numa unidade de internamento. As interrupções vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros durante o processo de medicação foram observadas com a ajuda de duas checklists. A amostra foi selecionada por conveniência em abril e maio de 2019. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados através de estatística descritiva no programa IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 24.0, enquanto os dados qualitativos foram tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Observaram-se 137 interrupções em 193 processos de medicação. A maioria das interrupções foi iniciada por outros membros da equipa de cuidados de saúde por meio de conversas. Estas interrupções foram maioritariamente prejudiciais e ocorreram durante a fase de preparação. A estratégia multitarefa foi utilizada para as gerir. Conclusão: As interrupções ocorridas durante o processo de medicação eram maioritariamente associadas com comunicações profissionais e sociais. A sua relevância diferiu consoante a fase do processo.

Abstract Background: Interruptions have been reported to contribute to clinical errors and procedural failures. Objective: To analyze the interruptions experienced by nurses during the preparation and administration of high-risk medications. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an intensive care and inpatient unit. The interruptions experienced by nurses during the medication process were observed through two checklists. The sample was selected by convenience in April-May 2019. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data in IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 24.0, while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Results: In 193 medication processes, there were 137 interruptions. Other members of the healthcare team initiated most interruptions through conversations. These interruptions were mostly negative and occurred during the preparation phase. The multitasking strategy was used to manage them. Conclusion: Interruptions during the medication process were primarily associated with professional and social communications. The impact of these interruptions varied depending on the phase of the process.

Abstract Introduction. The coffee agroecosystems holds significant environmental, social, and economic importance in the subtropical regions of Mexico, but it is vulnerable to unexpected events such as climate change. In recent history, it has been documented that the coffee agroecosystem undergoes a constant process of self-organization based on adaptation and learning in the face of various adverse scenarios. Objective. To determine the resilience capacity of the coffee agroecosystem in the central region of the Veracruz state. Materials and methods. The research was conducted from December 2017 to November 2018 in Tezonapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Fifty-two interviews were conducted with coffee growers to measure the resilience index, which is composed of thirty variables corresponding to seven factors (social, economic, technological, infrastructure, communications, institutional, and environmental). These factors were normalized using the mim-max scaling method. Resilience was estimated on a scale of 0-1, where values close to zero represent low resilience capacity and values close to one, represent high resilience. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Chi-squared tests. Results. Statistically significant differences (p<0,05) were found for the economic (0,06) and technological (0,22) dimensions indicators, which had the lowest contribution to resilience. Conversely, the social (0,78) and environmental (0,74) dimensions had a the highest contribution to resilience capacity, determined by the altitudinal gradient. Conclusion. The indicators that contributed the most to the resilience capacity of the coffee agroecosystem were those in the social and environmental dimensions, while the economic and technological dimensions contributed the least.

Resumen Introducción. El agroecosistema de café presenta gran importancia ambiental, social y económica en regiones subtropicales de México, pero también es vulnerable a eventos inesperados como el cambio climático. En la historia reciente, se ha documentado que el agroecosistema de café presenta un proceso constante de autoorganización basada en la adaptación y el aprendizaje ante los diversos escenarios adversos. Objetivo. Determinar la capacidad de resiliencia del agroecosistema cafetalero en la región centro del estado de Veracruz. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se realizó de diciembre de 2017 a noviembre de 2018 en Tezonapa, Veracruz, México. Se realizaron 52 entrevistas a caficultores para medir el índice de resiliencia, integrado por treinta variables, correspondientes a siete factores (social, económico, tecnológico, infraestructura, comunicaciones, institucional y ambiental). Estos factores fueron normalizados por el método de escalamiento mínimo-máximo. La resiliencia se estimó en una escala de 0-1, donde valores cercanos a cero representan baja capacidad de resiliencia y cercanos a uno, alta resiliencia. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y chi-cuadrado. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,5) para los indicadores de las dimensiones económica (0,06) y tecnológica (0,22), con la menor contribución a la resiliencia. Por el contrario, las dimensiones sociales (0,78) y ambiental (0,74) tuvieron mayor contribución a la capacidad de resiliencia, determinado por el gradiente altitudinal. Conclusiones. Los indicadores con el mayor aporte a la capacidad de resiliencia del agroecosistema de café fueron los de dimensiones social y ambiental, y con bajo aporte las dimensiones económica y tecnológica.

Abstract In 1824, the legislation of the young republic determined that the states would have the right to receive the part of the decimal mass that in viceregal times belonged to the monarch. This caused conflicts between the civil and ecclesiastical authorities that can only be observed from the regional scope. The purpose of this article is to analyze how the government of Durango tried to take its corresponding part of the gross decimal, the response of the clergy to that claim, and the results of the conflict between the state and the Cathedral of Durango. For the analysis, the perspective of fiscal history is fundamental, since it enables the examination of activities related to the exercise of state power. Therefore, this work aims to broaden the knowledge of fiscal organization during the first decades of independent life in Mexico. Thus, by using state and federal legislation, both state and clerical accounting documents, and communications between both instances, it is possible to conclude that the problems in the state of Durango were not a mere reflection of the struggles of the national government.

Resumen En 1824, la legislación de la joven república determinó que los estados contarían con el derecho de recibir la parte de la masa decimal que en tiempos virreinales perteneció al monarca. Esto provocó conflictos entre la autoridad civil y la eclesiástica que sólo pueden ser observados desde el ámbito regional. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar cómo el gobierno de Durango intentó tomar su parte correspondiente de la gruesa decimal, la respuesta del clero ante esa pretensión y los resultados del conflicto entre el estado y la Catedral de Durango. Para el análisis, resulta fundamental la perspectiva de la historia fiscal, pues ésta permite indagar en las actividades propias del ejercicio del poder estatal. De tal manera que este trabajo pretende contribuir al conocimiento sobre la organización fiscal de las primeras décadas de la vida independiente en México. Así, mediante el uso de la legislación, estatal y federal, documentos contables tanto estatales como clericales y comunicaciones entre ambas instancias es posible concluir que las problemáticas del estado de Durango no fueron un mero reflejo de las pugnas del gobierno nacional.

The utilisation of online platform Blackboard Learn for Teaching and Learning (T & L) has become an essential and obligatory component of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). This study research aims to examine the difficulties and potential of its implementation at a Historically Disadvantaged Institution (HDI) like University of Limpopo (UL), with a focus on the Bachelor of Arts (BA) programme in Criminology and Psychology (Crim & Psych) as guided by University of Limpopo Faculty of Humanities Multimodal Teaching and Learning Plan (UL FHMTLP). This qualitative study employed an empirical research design, selecting Twelve (12) permanent Academics/Lecturers from the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at UL for interview purposes. The verbatim responses from the interviews were analysed to identify the key themes and sub-themes of the study using the inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA) method. This study revealed that there is a lack of utilisation of Blackboard Learn at UL, as well as ineffective adaptation of current strategies and UL FHMTLP implementations. Many Lecturers still depend on contact T & L and the use of Blackboard Learn to connect the operations of this programme is currently unsuccessful. Recommendations consist of regular training and refreshment courses on the application of this technology, such as the Learning Management System (LMS) provided by the Information and Communications Technology [ICT]-electronic-(e)-Learning Unit. This could potentially facilitate collaborations between Natural Sciences (Technology - Blackboard Learn) and Human Sciences (Crim & Psych) to generate new knowledge, while also clearly providing the advantages of technology utilisation for T & L at UL. This kind of innovation could accommodate "economical, educational, technical, and social transformations" to address the mentioned challenges and opportunities, while making contributions to the field of professorship, with a focus on the South African Future Professors Programme (FPP) Phase 2 Cohort 1 2022-2023, utilising Blackboard Learn for T & L in a HDI to outline the existing challenges and possibilities.

Abstract: Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are essential in optical communications to meet the increasing demand for network capacity and connected users, ensuring reliable and adaptable connections for data transmissions. These networks also simplify infrastructures and efficiently utilize energy by eliminating the need for active devices. In this context, Ultra- Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (UDWDM) is one of the most prominent solutions for data transmission. This technology uses the narrow separation between channels from 25GHz and even as small as 6.25GHz to increase the transmission capacity. This document analyzes the performance of UDWDM considering the transmission of three simultaneous channels in a PON network for which three different scenarios have been considered for the analysis with the following parameters: i) transmission speed from 10 Gbps to 17 Gbps, ii) the distance from 10 km to 20 km and iii) the separation between channels of 15GHz, 20GHz, and 25GHz. The performance metrics for the analyzed scenario are the bit error rate and the eye diagram. To ensure the reception of the transmitted channel, an analysis of raised cosine and Gauss filters is also discussed. Including these filters allows for verifying whether their use enhances the performance of the channels compared to transmission without a filter. This is crucial for understanding how filters can optimize the quality and reliability of data transmission in a PON, which is of great importance in environments where high efficiency and connection quality are required.

Resumen: Las redes ópticas pasivas (PON) son esenciales en las comunicaciones ópticas para satisfacer la creciente demanda de capacidad de red y usuarios conectados, garantizando conexiones fiables y adaptables para la transmisión de datos. Estas redes también ofrecen un uso eficiente de la energía y la simplificación de las infraestructuras, eliminando la necesidad de dispositivos activos. En este contexto, la multiplexación por división de longitud de onda ultradensa (UDWDM) es una de las soluciones más destacadas para la transmisión de datos; esta tecnología aprovecha la estrecha separación entre canales a partir de 25GHz e incluso de tan solo 6,25GHz para aumentar la capacidad de transmisión. Este documento analiza el rendimiento de UDWDM considerando la transmisión de tres canales simultáneos en una red PON para la que se han considerado tres escenarios diferentes para el análisis con los siguientes parámetros: i) velocidad de transmisión de 10 Gbps a 17 Gbps; ii) la distancia de 10 km a 20 km; y iii) la separación entre canales de 15GHz, 20GHz, y 25GHz. Las métricas de rendimiento para el escenario analizado son la tasa de errores de bit y el diagrama de ojo. Para garantizar la recepción del canal transmitido, también se analiza la utilización de filtros coseno elevado y Gauss. La inclusión de estos filtros permite comprobar si su uso mejora el rendimiento de los canales en comparación con la transmisión sin filtro. Esto es crucial para entender cómo los filtros pueden optimizar la calidad y fiabilidad de la transmisión de datos en una PON, lo que es de gran importancia en entornos donde se requiere una alta eficiencia y calidad de conexión.

Abstract: Starting from the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Folia Histórica del Nordeste journal, we propose to make a balance and reflect on its relationship with the communication and discussion of archaeological advances in the Chaco region and NEA in general. When reviewing the journal's production, scientific events and related institutions, a late connection with archeology is clear, coinciding with the beginning of the first stage of systematics approaches in the South American Gran Chaco. Throughout this journey, there is also a history of shared wills that contributed to merging the discipline at the regional level. Over time, the scope of communications was expanded, and agreements were formalized to ensure its sustainability. Finally, we highlight the relevance of the journal as a space for discussion within the discipline and as a favorable environment to stimulate the interdisciplinary dialogue that the region requires.

Resumen: A partir de la conmemoración del 50 aniversario de la Revista Folia Histórica del Nordeste, nos proponemos hacer un balance y reflexionar sobre su relación con la comunicación y discusión de los avances arqueológicos en la región chaqueña y NEA en general. Al repasar la producción de la revista, los eventos científicos y las instituciones relacionadas se evidencia una conexión tardía con la arqueología, coincidiendo con el inicio de la primera etapa de investigaciones sistemáticas en el Gran Chaco sudamericano. A lo largo de este recorrido, también se observa una historia de voluntades compartidas que contribuyeron a consolidar la disciplina a nivel regional. Con el tiempo, se ampliaron los alcances de las comunicaciones y se formalizaron acuerdos para garantizar su sostenibilidad. Finalmente, destacamos la relevancia de la revista como espacio de discusión dentro de la disciplina y, sobre todo, como un ámbito propicio para estimular el diálogo interdisciplinario que la región requiere.

Abstract: The Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlan highway was an important route that improved mobility and expanded access to regional motorized transportation in the southern zone of Veracruz. Also, the project was an example of the formation of a local organization, and partially independent from the rest of the state-federal bureaucracy to build works in the region: the Coatzacoalcos Central Pro-Highway Committee (CCPCC). This group took a central role in directing resources and making decisions about different communications projects in southern Veracruz. This article examines the historiographic, political, and environmental background to contextualize the construction of the Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlan highway and its neighboring roads, then studies the creation of the CCPCC, its administration and bureaucracy, and local reactions to its activities in the region.

Resumen: La carretera Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlán fue una vía importante en el proyecto para mejorar la movilidad y el acceso al transporte regional motorizado en la zona sur del estado de Veracruz, y fue un ejemplo de la formación de una organización local, y parcialmente independiente del resto de la burocracia estatal-federal, para construir obras en la región: el Comité Central Pro-Carretera de Coatzacoalcos (CCPCC). Este grupo tomó un papel central en la dirección de recursos y en la toma de decisiones sobre distintos proyectos de comunicaciones en el sur de Veracruz. Este artículo examina los antecedentes historiográficos, políticos y ambientales para contextualizar la construcción de la carretera Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlán y sus caminos vecinales, y estudia la creación del CCPCC, su administración y burocracia, y las reacciones locales ante sus actividades en la región.

RESUMEN El desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones han propiciado cambios en el ámbito educativo con la creación de nuevos espacios formativos y contenidos digitales. En este contexto se impone la necesidad de desarrollar habilidades digitales en los docentes específicamente en el diseño y uso de los objetos de aprendizaje en función del perfeccionamiento de los métodos pedagógicos en el proceso de enseñanza. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo de gestión de aprendizaje en función del proceso de formación de los docentes de la Universidad de Pinar del Río Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca. En la investigación fueron utilizados métodos teóricos, empíricos y como método rector el materialista -dialectico. Los resultados permitieron describir escenarios donde se identifican las principales limitaciones de los profesores en el desarrollo de sus habilidades digitales para la gestión de los objetos de aprendizaje para el proceso de formación. El modelo que se presenta es sistémico, participativo pues la construcción de un OA puede realizarse de forma colectiva y tiene en cuenta aspectos como creación, conservación y transferencia a partir de herramientas que posibilitan el uso y reutilización de estos recursos propiciando a su vez la integración en el proceso docente.

ABSTRACT The development of information and communications technologies has led to changes in the educational field with the creation of new training spaces and digital content. In this context, the need to develop digital skills in teachers is imposed, specifically in the design and use of learning objects based on the improvement of pedagogical methods in the teaching process. The objective of this article is to propose a learning management model based on the teacher training process from the University of Pinar del Río Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca. Theoretical and empirical methods were used in the research, and the materialist-dialectical method was used as the guiding method. The results allowed us to describe scenarios where the main limitations of teachers in the development of their digital skills for the management of learning objects for the training process are identified. The model presented is systemic, participatory since the construction of an LO can be carried out collectively and takes into account aspects such as creation, conservation and transfer from tools that enable the use and reuse of these resources, in turn promoting integration. in the teaching process.

The social and political history of South Africa yielded massive transformation in the higher education landscape, including access to education and the merger of universities. Despite the many successes of transformation, it brought with it challenges such as increasing participation, student retention, throughput, and graduation rates; changes in government funding models; declining student subsidies and providing quality education with limited resources. The South African higher education sector is multi-faceted, and students have a wide range of higher education options. This study explored factors influencing decision-making of first-year students when selecting a university. Data was collected from first-year students and employees at a University of Technology. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the researchers analysed the complex factors that guide students' decision-making when selecting a university. The findings revealed that factors significantly influencing decision-making on university selection are, the reputation and quality of university programmes offered, response time and support provided by staff; location; and infrastructure and facilities. This research is significant in that it will assist higher education institutions, particularly marketing and communications departments to be more responsive to students' needs by shifting toward active engagement in its marketing and recruitment approaches to attract, retain, and satisfy students.

RESUMO Introdução: a cada dia a tecnologia da informação e comunicação contribui para o trabalho de diferentes áreas da arbitragem desportiva, no caso particular do futebol, a videoarbitragem (VAR) auxilia o processo de tomada de decisão em quatro situações determinantes para o resultado dos jogos. Porém, também tem impacto psicológico sobre ele, pois está em constante processo de avaliação. Objetivo: avaliar a relevância de uma alternativa para identificar o impacto psicológico do uso do VAR na arbitragem do futebol equatoriano. Materiais e métodos: na pesquisa foram utilizados métodos e técnicas teóricas empíricas e matemática estatística; onde partimos de um estudo descritivo preditivo Resultados: tabulados os resultados da consulta aos especialistas das áreas conveniadas, percebe-se que a alternativa apresentada é viável e relevante para ser aplicada na prática social. Conclusões: os resultados obtidos demonstram alto nível de validade, pois foram obtidos através da aplicação do método científico.

ABSTRACT Introduction: every day information and communications technology contributes to the work of different areas of sports refereeing, in the particular case of soccer, video assistant referee (VAR) helps the decision making process in four situations that determine the outcome of matches. However, also has a psychological impact on this, as it is in a constant process of evaluation. Objective: to assess the relevance of an alternative for identifying the psychological impact of the use of VAR in Ecuadorian soccer refereeing. Materials and methods: empirical theoretical and mathematical statistical methods and techniques were used in the research; where the starting point was a descriptive and predictive study. Results: once the results of the consultation with the specialists in the convened areas were tabulated, it was possible to appreciate that the alternative presented is viable and pertinent to be applied in social practice. Conclusions: the results obtained demonstrate a high level of validity, since they were obtained through the application of the scientific method.

RESUMEN Introducción: cada día la tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones contribuyen al trabajo de diferentes áreas del arbitraje deportivo en el caso particular del fútbol el arbitraje por video (VAR) ayuda al proceso de toma de decisiones en cuatro situaciones determinantes para el resultado de los partidos. Sin embargo, también incide psicológicamente en este, pues está en un constante proceso de evaluación. Objetivo: valorar la pertinencia de una alternativa para la identificación de la incidencia psicológicas del uso del VAR en el arbitraje del fútbol ecuatoriano. Materiales y métodos: en la investigación se utilizaron métodos y técnicas teóricas empíricas y matemáticas estadísticas; donde se parte de un estudio descriptivo predictivo Resultados: una vez tabulados los resultados de la consulta a los especialistas de las áreas convocadas, se puedo apreciar que la alternativa presentada es viable y pertinente para ser aplicada en la práctica social. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos demuestran un alto nivel de validez, pues se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación del método científico.

Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital component of the health system and provide pre-hospital emergency care and specialised transport for patients requiring access to health facilities, thereby contributing to universal health coverage and improving health outcomes. Evidence regarding the current state of EMS within South Africa to fulfil this role is lacking and was the motivation for this review. Our objective was to describe the current state of EMS in South Africa. A literature search was conducted using keywords, BOOLEAN operating terms, and eligibility criteria on Sabinet, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Medline, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases to find articles related to the components of the EMS system in South Africa. The articles were critically assessed, and six themes emerged: leadership and governance; resources; preparedness (knowledge, attitude, and practices) of the emergency care provider; health and safety; training; and communications. Challenges were found in all themes at a provincial EMS level despite improvements in legislation, leadership, and governance from the National Department of Health. These themes demonstrate that all components in the EMS system are not functioning optimally and may be affecting its contribution to improving universal health coverage and health outcomes. The current state of EMS appears to be constrained and requires greater leadership and governance from the Provincial Departments of Health to improve poorly functioning components of the EMS system. SIGNIFICANCE: The current state of EMS in South Africa lacks efficiency in its role to provide emergency care and transportation for patients wanting to access health facilities. Poorly functioning components of the EMS system have been identified and provide an opportunity for health authorities to make improvements so that the goal of universal health coverage and improved health outcomes can be realised.

Abstract: The following study reports the preliminary results of an investigation into the reading experiences of students entering the Pedagogy program in Spanish Language and Communications at a state university in southern Chile. The objective was to know and characterize the reading capital and the motivations that students have towards reading, understanding by reading capital, the collection, and repertoire of works of literature reported by the students, and by motivations towards reading, the impulse that actively directs behavior towards achieving an objective as a reader (Aragón and Arias, 2013). The research was developed from the qualitative paradigm. Surveys, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups with two cohorts of students were used to collect data. Data processing was carried out through content analysis, establishing categories derived from the speeches and testimonies of the study subjects. The findings reveal the diversity of inherited cultural capital and coincidences between cohorts concerning the importance of literature in the development of imagination and creativity.

Resumen: El siguiente estudio da cuenta de los resultados preliminares de una investigación acerca de las experiencias como lectores de los estudiantes que ingresan a la carrera de Pedagogía en Lengua Castellana y Comunicaciones de una universidad estatal del sur de Chile. El objetivo fue conocer y caracterizar el capital de lectura y las motivaciones que poseen los estudiantes hacia la lectura, entendiendo por capital de lectura, el acervo y repertorio de obras de la literatura reportadas por los/las estudiantes y por motivaciones hacia la lectura, el impulso que dirige activamente la conducta hacia el logro de un objetivo como lector/a (Aragón y Arias, 2013). La investigación se desarrolló desde el paradigma cualitativo. En la recolección de datos se utilizaron encuestas, entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales con dos cohortes de estudiantes. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó mediante análisis de contenido, estableciendo categorías devenidas de los discursos y testimonios de los sujetos de estudio. Los hallazgos dejan traslucir la diversidad del capital cultural heredado y coincidencias entre cohortes en relación con la importancia de la literatura en el desarrollo de la imaginación y la creatividad.

Abstract: The history of the 1910-1920 revolutionary process in Mexico State is a troubling issue. Here, there was no spectacular drama, it wasn’t the stage for great battles, nor were any major social demands made. What’s curious is that its proximity to the state of Morelos made it into a space for confluence and communications. In the historiography, there have been contrasting views of the approach to the Zapatistas of Morelos. One position has pejoratively labelled it a “contagion,” while others saw similarities and emphasized the state’s agrarian conflicts. There has been a greater diversity of publications in recent years, producing a more nuanced panorama. The objective of this article is to present this debate and the changing interpretations of the Revolution in Mexico State at the end of the twentieth century and beginning of the twenty-first.

Resumen: La historia del proceso revolucionario de 1910 a 1920 en el Estado de México es un tema inquietante. En este lugar no se dieron los pasajes más espectaculares, no fue el escenario de grandes batallas ni tampoco se hicieron públicas demandas radicales. Lo curioso es que su cercanía con el estado de Morelos lo posicionó como un espacio de confluencia y comunicación. En la historiografía, el acercamiento con el zapatismo morelense se ha visto de forma contrastante. Una posición lo denominó peyorativamente “un contagio”, mientras que otros vieron sus semejanzas y señalaron el conflicto agrario en la entidad. En tiempos recientes, las publicaciones se han diversificado y arrojan un panorama más matizado. Por ello, el objeto del artículo es mostrar este debate y los cambios en las interpretaciones de la Revolución en territorio mexiquense a fines del siglo XX e inicios del XXI.

ABSTRACT Communication is a process involving two or more human beings who share their experiences, knowledge and feelings; entails the passage from isolated individual existence to community social existence. This process is of extraordinary importance in the Integrated Medical Emergency System, since calls are received from people with sick relatives, passers-by or health professionals who request a mobile emergency service for the care and transfer of a patient, so the people who work there must achieve an adequate and coherent verbal communication, according to the emergency situation that arises and, even, taking into account the emotional state of the caller. In the Cienfuegos province, with the objective of improving the communication of the staff who work in the system, a work algorithm is proposed to integrate already established actions, with others that were incorporated, including from their selection to their training, in order to prepare the members of the coordinating board to achieve an effective communication, which allows optimizing the service provided. The purpose of this research is to present a work algorithm to improve the staff communications who work in the system.

RESUMEN La comunicación social es un proceso en el que intervienen dos o más seres humanos que comparten sus experiencias, conocimientos y sentimientos; conlleva el paso de la existencia individual aislada a la existencia social comunitaria. Este proceso es de importancia extraordinaria en el Sistema Integrado de Urgencia Médicas, pues se reciben las llamadas de personas con familiares enfermos, transeúntes o profesionales de la salud que solicitan un servicio de emergencia móvil para la atención y traslado de un paciente, por lo que las personas que en él laboran deben lograr una comunicación verbal adecuada y coherente, acorde a la situación de emergencia que se presenta e, incluso, teniendo en cuenta el estado emocional de quien llama. En la provincia de Cienfuegos, con el objetivo de mejorar la comunicación del personal que labora en el sistema, se propone un algoritmo de trabajo que integra acciones ya establecidas, con otras que se incorporaron, incluyendo desde su selección hasta su entrenamiento, a fin de preparar a los integrantes de la mesa coordinadora para el logro de una comunicación eficaz, que permita optimizar el servicio que se presta. Este trabajo tiene como propósito exponer un algoritmo de trabajo para mejorar la comunicación del personal que labora en el sistema.

Abstract: The use of online platforms by the European Commission, particularly during the Russia-Ukraine crisis in the context of the digital age, offers informative insights about current crisis communication. Between February 1 and October 26, 2022, this study analysed the Commission’s activities on the primary platforms, Facebook and Twitter. To carry out this analysis, the study used RStudio and the SentimentAnalysis package within R. The Blake & Mouton’s Grid was additionally employed as a reference point to extract the strategic dimensions. The data revealed distinct usage patterns by the Commission: Twitter acted as a channel for quick and immediate updates, making use of its real-time communication capabilities, while Facebook was used for more detailed conversations with a wider audience. Regarding sentiment, most of the Commission’s communications had a neutral or positive tone. Nevertheless, there were cases where certain critical issues prompted the Commission to take definite positions, providing insight into their strategic intent and priorities. To summarise, the European Commission’s online communication during the relevant period showed an informed and platform-specific methodology. Through comprehending and improving the platforms' functionalities and audience preferences, the Commission established a communication structure that can be utilised as a model for entities that intend to simplify their digital interaction procedures, particularly in the event of a crisis

Resumo: O uso de plataformas on-line pela Comissão Europeia, especialmente durante a crise Rússia-Ucrânia no contexto da era digital, oferece percepções informativas sobre a comunicação de crise atual. Entre 1º de fevereiro e 26 de outubro de 2022, este estudo analisou as atividades da Comissão nas principais plataformas, Facebook e Twitter. Para realizar essa análise, o estudo usou o RStudio e o pacote Sentiment Analysis no R. A grade de Blake & Mouton também foi empregada como ponto de referência para extrair as dimensões estratégicas. Os dados revelaram padrões de uso distintos por parte da Comissão: O Twitter atuou como um canal para atualizações rápidas e imediatas, fazendo uso de seus recursos de comunicação em tempo real, enquanto o Facebook foi usado para conversas mais detalhadas com um público mais amplo. Com relação ao sentimento, a maioria das comunicações da Comissão teve um tom neutro ou positivo. No entanto, houve casos em que certas questões críticas levaram a Comissão a tomar posições definidas, fornecendo uma visão de suas intenções e prioridades estratégicas. Em resumo, a comunicação on-line da Comissão Europeia durante o período relevante mostrou uma metodologia informada e específica para a plataforma. Ao compreender e aprimorar as funcionalidades das plataformas e as preferências do público, a Comissão estabeleceu uma estrutura de comunicação que pode ser utilizada como modelo para entidades que pretendem simplificar seus procedimentos de interação digital, especialmente em caso de crise

Resumen: El uso de plataformas en línea por parte de la Comisión Europea, especialmente durante la crisis entre Rusia y Ucrania en el contexto de la era digital, ofrece perspectivas informativas sobre la comunicación de crisis actual. Este estudio analizó las actividades de la Comisión en las principales plataformas, Facebook y Twitter, entre el 1 de febrero y el 26 de octubre de 2022. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, se utilizó RStudio y el paquete SentimentAnalysis dentro de R. Además, se empleó Blake & Mouton’s Grid como punto de referencia para extraer las dimensiones estratégicas. Los datos revelaron distintos patrones de uso por parte de la Comisión: Twitter actuó como canal para actualizaciones rápidas e inmediatas, aprovechando sus capacidades de comunicación en tiempo real, mientras que Facebook se utilizó para conversaciones más detalladas con un público más amplio. En cuanto al sentimiento, la mayoría de las comunicaciones de la Comisión tuvieron un tono neutro o positivo. No obstante, hubo casos en los que determinadas cuestiones críticas llevaron a la Comisión a adoptar posturas definidas, lo que permitió conocer su intención estratégica y sus prioridades. En resumen, la comunicación en línea de la Comisión Europea durante el período en cuestión mostró una metodología informada y específica para cada plataforma. Al comprender y mejorar las funcionalidades de las plataformas y las preferencias de la audiencia, la Comisión estableció una estructura de comunicación que puede servir de modelo para las entidades que pretendan simplificar sus procedimientos de interacción digital, especialmente en caso de crisis