RESUMEN Introducción: La evaluación del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor es vital para elevar la calidad del proceso educativo. Objetivo: Diagnosticar el estado actual de la evaluación del desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor de Medicina General Integral. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de corte transversal, con enfoque mixto, entre marzo y septiembre de 2022, en la Filial de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Eusebio Hernández Pérez, de Colón, en la provincia de Matanzas. Variable: el desempeño profesional pedagógico del tutor de Medicina General Integral. Unidades de estudio: 78 tutores, 275 residentes y 44 directivos. Dimensiones: cognoscitiva, procedimental y comportamental. Métodos: teóricos: análisis-síntesis e inducción-deducción; empíricos: análisis documental, encuesta, entrevista, observación; estadísticos: medidas de resumen para variables cualitativas y cuantitativas: frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Procedimientos: parametrización, triangulación metodológica. Resultados: Se identificaron problemas según las dimensiones cognoscitiva (poco dominio de las modalidades de educación en el trabajo y en la didáctica en la tutoría; poca preparación en metodología de la investigación y en buscadores de información científica en salud), procedimental (no correspondencia entre actividades presenciales y las de tutoría, poco nivel para planificar, ejecutar y controlar actividades), y comportamental (poca participación en superación relacionada con la tutoría, en eventos y poca producción científica). Las potencialidades se identificaron según las dimensiones procedimental (nivel de integración de conocimientos; promoción de cooperación y trabajo en equipo; relación entre temas de investigación y el banco de problemas del policlínico), y comportamental (nivel en que estimula el reforzamiento de valores y la ética médica; promoción de empatía y comunicación efectiva con el residente). Conclusiones: El diagnóstico permitió identificar problemas y potencialidades del objeto estudiado. Se propone una alternativa propia de las ciencias de la educación médica para resolver el problema científico, que es la elaboración de una metodología.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The evaluation of the professional pedagogical performance of the tutor is vital to raise the quality of the educative process. Objective: To diagnose the current status of the professional pedagogical performance of the tutor of Comprehensive General Medicine. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional research, with mixed approach, was carried out between March and September 2022, in the Campus of Medical Sciences Dr. Eusebio Hernández Pérez, from Colon, in the province of Matanzas. Variable: professional pedagogical performance of the tutor of Comprehensive General Medicine. Units of study: 78 tutors, 275 residents and 44 members of the management staff. Dimensions: cognitive, procedural, and behavioral. Methods: theoretical methods: analysis-synthesis and induction-deduction; empirical methods: documentary analysis; surveys; interviews; observation. Statistical methods: summary measures for qualitative and quantitative variables; absolute and relative frequencies. Procedures: parameterization, methodological triangulation. Results: Problems were identified according to the cognitive dimensions (little mastery of the modalities of education at work and tutorship didactics; little training in research methodology and in search engines for scientific information in health); procedural dimension: no correspondence between face-to-face and tutoring activities, low level of planning, executing and controlling activities); and behavioral dimension (little participation in upgrading activities related to tutorship, in events, and little scientific production). Potentialities were identified according to procedural dimensions (level of knowledge integration; promotion of cooperation and teamwork promotion; relationship between research topics and policlinic’s problem bank), and behavioral (level at which it stimulates the reinforcement values and medical ethics; promotion of empathy and effective communication with the resident). Conclusions: The diagnosis allowed the authors to identify problems and potentialities of the object studied. An alternative specific of the medical education sciences is proposed to solve the scientific problem, which is the elaboration of a methodology.

RESUMEN Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón ocupa la primera causa de muerte por neoplasia maligna en el mundo. Su principal agente etiológico es el cigarro. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes fumadores con riesgo de padecer cáncer de pulmón. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, prospectivo, longitudinal en el área de salud Carlos Juan Finlay, del municipio de Colón, en la provincia de Matanzas, en el período comprendido entre el 23 de noviembre y el 23 de diciembre de 2023. El universo lo constituyeron los 1137 individuos fumadores del área. La información fue recogida por el médico de asistencia a través de la entrevista, con cumplimiento de la ética según las normas del Ministerio de Salud Pública. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino (65,1 %); los fumadores de alto riesgo (96,3 %); los grupos etarios de entre 50-59 años y 60-69 años. El antecedente de cáncer predominó en mujeres; el vínculo laboral estuvo presente en el 56,8 %, y el 2,2 % fueron estudiantes. Conclusiones: Se presenta una población de fumadores con alto riesgo de padecer cáncer de pulmón. Existe predominio del sexo masculino, con mayor vulnerabilidad en las mujeres. Las edades en las que se concentra la adicción son entre 50 y 69 años, y más de la mitad de los individuos presenta vínculo laboral.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of death due to malignant neoplasia in the world. Its main etiological agent is smoking. Objective: To characterize smoking patients at risk of suffering from lung cancer. Methods: An analytical, prospective, longitudinal study was carried out in the health area Carlos Juan Finlay, municipality of Colón, in the province of Matanzas, in the period from November 23 to December 23, 2023. The universe was made up of the 1,137 smoking individual in the area. The information was collected by the attending physician through the interview, in compliance with ethics according to the regulations of the Ministry of Public Health. Results: Male sex (65.1%), high-risk smokers (96.3%), and the age groups between 50-59 years and 60-69 years predominated. The history of cancer predominated in women; 56.8% were working people, and 2.2% were students. Conclusion: A population of smokers with a high risk of suffering from lung cancer is presented. There is a predominance of the male sex with greater vulnerability in women. The ages at which addiction is concentrated are between 50 and 69 years and more than half of the individuals have work links.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Malignant tumors are the second cause of death worldwide, as well as in the province of Matanzas. Malignant neoplasms of the digestive tract are located in different sites, which, in addition to being a health problem, has a significant economic impact on the health system. Objectives: To determine the mortality caused by malignant tumors of digestive location in the municipality of Colón in the last decade. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study of mortality due to digestive cancer was carried out in the municipality of Colón, Matanzas, from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2020, based on the record of deceased of the municipality. The used independent variables were sex, age and primary cause of death. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 459 persons had, as primary cause of death, malignant tumors located in the digestive system, while an increasing trend was observed. Colon cancer accounted for the highest number of patients who died (52 %). There was an increasing mortality trend for colon, liver and stomach cancers, and a decreasing trend for esophageal and pancreatic cancers. Mortality was higher in the male sex (249) and over 60 years of age (369). Conclusions: There was a high and increasing mortality due to malignant tumors of digestive location in the last decade in the municipality of Colon, with a greater and notable contribution of colorectal cancer to the burden of this mortality.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tumores malignos constituyen la segunda causa de muerte a nivel mundial, también en la provincia de Matanzas. Las neoplasias malignas de vías digestivas se sitúan en diferentes escaños, lo cual, además de ser un problema de salud, tiene un impacto económico de peso en el sistema de salud. Objetivos: Determinar la mortalidad causada por tumores malignos de localización digestiva en el municipio matancero de Colón en el último decenio. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la mortalidad por cáncer digestivo en el municipio de Colón, Matanzas, desde el 1 de enero de 2011 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2020 según el registro de fallecidos del municipio. Las variables independientes utilizadas fueron: sexo, edad y causa primaria de muerte. Los datos fueron analizados aplicando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Un total de 459 personas tuvieron como causa primaria de muerte tumores malignos localizados en el sistema digestivo y se observó una tendencia creciente. El cáncer de colon aportó el mayor número de pacientes fallecidos (52 %). Existió una tendencia de mortalidad creciente para los cánceres de colon, hígado y estómago y decreciente para el cáncer de esófago y páncreas. La mortalidad fue mayor en el sexo masculino (249) y a partir de los 60 años de edad (369). Conclusiones: Existió una alta y creciente mortalidad por tumores malignos de localización digestiva en el último decenio en el municipio de Colón, con un mayor y notable aporte del cáncer colorrectal a la carga de esta mortalidad.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the impact of the Chinese medicine compound Ento-PB on oxazolone (OXZ)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. Methods: UC rats induced by OXZ were treated with Ento-PB. The damage to the colon was assessed using several measures, including the disease activity index (DAI), colon length, colon weight/length ratio, colonic mucosal damage index, and histological score. The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-13 (IL-13), epidermal growth factor (EGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS) in rat serum, as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in rat colon tissue, were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and conventional kits. Results: After being treated with Ento-PB, the DAI score and macroscopic lesion score of OXZ-induced UC rats were significantly reduced. Ento-PB prevented the shortening of rat colons, reduced the ratio of colon weight to length, and improved colon tissue lesions. Meanwhile, Ento-PB could significantly inhibit the activities of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-13, and MPO, as well as tNOS and iNOS, while upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, a significant increase in the expression level of EGF was observed in UC rats treated with Ento-PB, indicating that Ento-PB could enhance the repair of damaged intestinal epithelial tissue. Conclusions: Ento-PB demonstrates significant anti-UC activities in OXZ-induced UC rats by regulating the expression levels of inflammatory factors and promoting the repair of colon tissue. This study provides scientific evidence to support the further development of Ento-PB. Purpose EntoPB Ento PB OXZinduced (UC Methods EntoPB. PB. measures DAI, , (DAI) length weightlength interleukin4 interleukin 4 interleukin- IL4, IL4 IL (IL-4) interleukin10 10 interleukin-1 IL10, IL10 (IL-10) interleukin13 13 IL13, IL13 (IL-13) EGF, (EGF) (tNOS serum factorα α TNFα TNF (TNF-α MPO (MPO enzymelinked enzyme linked kits Results EntoPB, PB, colons lesions Meanwhile TNFα, α, TNF-α 13, IL-13 iNOS antiinflammatory anti IL- IL10. 10. IL-10 Moreover Conclusions antiUC (DAI (IL-4 interleukin1 1 IL1 (IL-10 (IL-13 (EGF IL-1 (IL- (IL-1 (IL

Abstract The effects of 6-gingerol on adhesive ability of probiotics to colonic epithelial cells in vitro were explored. Two strains of probiotics were Lactophilus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. NCM 460 cells (normal colonic epithelial cells) and Caco-2 cells (colon cancer cells) were used in this study. Effect of 6-gingerol (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 μg/mL on NCM 460 cells and effect of 6-gingerol (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 μg/mL) on Caco-2 cells were investigated. MTT assay was adopted to analyze cell proliferation. Methods of Gram staining and plate counting were used to analyze the probiotic adhesion to colonic epithelial cells. Results showed that 6-gingerol had no inhibitory effect on colonic epithelial cells within the non-cytotoxic dose range. 6-gingerol could promote the adhesion of probiotics to colon epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, which would be benefit for probiotics to exert continuous probiotic activity in the intestinal tract.

SUMMARY The training of a new model doctor in Cuba arises experimentally because of the need of the population to receive comprehensive medical care. As always, our commander with his revolutionary ideas raised the need for its creation so that each Cuban family would have a doctor and a nurse who could provide support and care from a clinical, epidemiological and social point of view. The municipality of Colón was the first to implement this novel program in the province of Matanzas. With the aim of publicizing its emergence and development in our city, the authors wrote the following article.

RESUMEN La formación de un médico de nuevo modelo en Cuba surge de forma experimental por la necesidad que tenía la población de recibir una atención médica integral. Como siempre nuestro comandante con sus ideas revolucionarias plantea la necesidad de su creación para que cada familia cubana contara con un médico y una enfermera que les brindara apoyo y cuidado desde el punto de vista clínico, epidemiológico y social. El municipio de Colón fue el primero en implementar este novedoso programa en la provincia de Matanzas. Con el objetivo de dar a conocer el surgimiento y desarrollo del mismo en esta ciudad es que se realiza el siguiente trabajo.

ABSTRACT Background: acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a major medical emergency worldwide and responsible for a high number of annual hospital admissions. Intestinal vascular malformations, especially those of the right colon, are frequent causes of gastrointestinal bleeding in older adults, but are rare in pediatrics. Objective: to show intestinal venous malformation as a rare cause of recurrent digestive hemorrhage in the child. Case report: a six-year-old male, white-race school boy from a rural area of difficult access in another province, with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding in the form of melaena and hematoquecia since the first year of age. It is referred at the age of five years to the Gastroenterology services of this province with several endoscopic studies that did not reveal the cause. It is admitted to the pediatric hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Conclusions: in the presence of acute digestive bleeding in children, intestinal vascular malformation should be considered, despite its infrequency in pediatric ages. Its identification and treatment are a challenge for the medical assistance team.

RESUMEN Fundamento: la hemorragia gastrointestinal aguda es una de las principales emergencias médicas en todo el mundo y responsable de un elevado número de ingresos hospitalarios anuales. Las malformaciones vasculares intestinales, en especial las del colon derecho, son causa frecuente de sangrado digestivo en adultos mayores, pero son raras en pediatría. Objetivo: mostrar la malformación venosa intestinal como una causa rara de hemorragia digestiva recurrente en el niño. Presentación del caso: escolar de seis años de edad, masculino, raza blanca, que proviene de un área rural de difícil acceso en otra provincia, con antecedentes de sangramiento digestivo a forma de melena y hematoquecia desde el primer año de edad. Es remitido a los cinco años a los servicios de Gastroenterología de esta provincia con varios estudios endoscópicos que no revelaron la causa. Es ingresado en el hospital pediátrico para diagnóstico y tratamiento. Conclusiones: ante la presencia de hemorragia digestiva aguda en niños debe considerarse la malformación vascular intestinal a pesar de lo infrecuente en edades pediátricas. Su identificación y tratamiento constituyen un desafío para el equipo médico de asistencia.

ABSTRACT Purpose To study the Periplaneta americana L. extract Ento-B on the treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and acetic acid in rats and to explore its primary mechanism of action. Methods Using 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene combined with acetic acid to induce chronic ulcerative colitis (chronic UC) in rats. The sulfasalazine (400 mg/kg) and Ento-B (200 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg,50 mg/kg) were given by intragastric administration and the effect was evaluated according to the disease activity index (DAI) score, colon mucosal injury index (CMDI) score, histopathological score (HS) and the serum levels of Interleukin-4(IL-4), Interleukin-10(IL-10), Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), Malondialdehyde(MDA), Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS.) Results Compared with the model group, all doses of Ento-B could reduce the score of CMDI (p < 0.05), HS(p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), significantly increased the expression of IL-4, IL-10, SOD (p < 0.01) and decreased the levels of TNF-α, MDA, iNOS in serum of UC rats, significantly improving the degree of colon lesionsin UC rats. Conclusions Ento-B may play an important role in the treatment of ulcerative colitis induced byUC rats. The mechanism may be related to the increased expression of IL-4, IL-10, SOD and reduced expression of TNF-α, MDA, iNOS.

ABSTRACT Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria constitute a promising source of microorganisms, with the capacity to develop new biopesticides that contribute to pest control, with an agroecological and sustainable basis. The objective of this work was to obtain isolates of endospore-forming bacilli with biotechnological potential from the rhizosphere of different cultivars of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from three types of soil. Rhizospheric soil collections were made from three bean cultivars present in the municipalities of Colón and Unión de Reyes, in the province of Matanzas, Cuba. The soil samples were grown in Nutrient Broth and the vegetative cells were subsequently removed with heat. Serial dilutions were made and the samples were inoculated in Nutrient Agar culture medium. Bacterial colonies with morphological differences and Gram-positive and endospore-producing bacterial cells were selected. The antagonistic potentialities of the isolates were evaluated through the production of lytic enzymes such as proteases, lipases, cellulases, amylases, chitinases and / or β-glucanases and the synthesis of hydrogen cyanide. A collection of 141 isolates of endospore-forming Gram positive bacilli was made. The 8% of isolates were producers of hydrogen cyanide, 57.7% of proteases, 19.3% of lipases, 56.5% of chitinases and / or β-glucanases, 28.5% of cellulases and 33.3% of α-amylases. These isolates have biotechnological potential with application in the agricultural and industrial sectors.

RESUMEN Las Rizobacterias Promotoras del Crecimiento Vegetal constituyen una fuente promisoria de microorganismos, con capacidad para desarrollar nuevos bioplaguicidas que contribuyan al control de plagas, con una base agroecológica y sostenible. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo obtener aislados de bacilos formadores de endosporas con potencial biotecnológico a partir de la rizosfera de diferentes cultivares de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) de tres tipos de suelo. Se realizaron colectas de suelo rizosférico de tres cultivares de frijol presentes en los municipios Colón y Unión de Reyes, de la provincia de Matanzas, Cuba. Las muestras de suelo se cultivaron en Caldo Nutriente y posteriormente se eliminaron las células vegetativas con calor. Se realizaron diluciones seriadas y las muestras se inocularon en medio de cultivo Agar Nutriente. Se seleccionaron colonias bacterianas con diferencias morfológicas y células bacterianas Gram positivas y productoras de endosporas. Las potencialidades antagónicas de los aislados se evaluaron a través de la producción de enzimas líticas como proteasas, lipasas, celulasas, amilasas, quitinasas y/o β-glucanasas y la síntesis de cianuro de hidrógeno. Se conformó una colección de 141 aislados de bacilos Gram positivos formadores de endosporas. El 8% fueron productores de cianuro de hidrógeno, el 57.7% de proteasas, el 19.3% de lipasas, el 56.5% de quitinasas y/o β-glucanasas, el 28.5% de celulasas y el 33.3% de α-amilasas. Estos aislados tienen potencial biotecnológico con aplicación en los sectores agropecuario e industrial.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of Periplaneta americana extract promoting intestinal mucosal repair of OXZ-induced colitis in rat. Methods: All experiments used an equal number of male and female SD rats (n=48). We injected OXZ into the colon to induce UC rat model. To determine the optimal concentration of P. Americana's extract (PA-40), it was classified into low (L), medium (M), and high (H) doses. After OXZ treatment, each drug was administered by enema for 7 consecutive days. Rats were divided into the following 6 groups: (1) Saline treatment group (NC), (2) OXZ treatment UC model group (MC), (3) OXZ + budesonide group (BUN), (4) OXZ + PA-40 L group, (5) OXZ + PA-40 M group, (6) OXZ + PA-40 H group. Disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon length, histopathological score, serum cytokine level (IL-4, IL-10, iNOS, tNOS), and amount of MPO, EGF, IL-13 in colonic mucosa were measured. Results: PA treatment had a significant healing effect on the OXZ-colitis model and significantly reduced the lesioned area, especially in the PA-40H groups. PA treatment did not alter the expression of IL-10 and MPO level, but increased EGF (epidermal growth factor) and decrease IL-13 in the colonic tissue. PA inhibited the rise of NOSs (nitric oxide synthase) and decreased the serum IL-4 level. Conclusions: The data suggest that Periplaneta americana extract may be a potential compound for the treatment of colonic lesions. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the secretion of IL-13 and promoting the formation of EGF.

BACKGROUND: Annual surveillance of Lynch Syndrome patients from the rural Northern Cape Province of South Africa is conducted with a mobile colonoscopic unit. Excellent preparation of the colon is essential to detect small right sided lesions. We wished to evaluate a two litre polyethylene glycol (PEG) electrolyte solution containing ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate Moviprep® as preparation for colonoscopy in this cohort. METHODS: Six weeks prior to the colonoscopy surveillance week, a team travelled to the area to prepare the patients for colonoscopy. Patients were individually counselled on the importance of bowel cleansing and the use of Moviprep®. Prior to their colonoscopy, subjects completed a product acceptability questionnaire. At the procedure, the quality of bowel preparation was assessed by a single individual (DJdV) using the Harefield cleansing scale grades; grades A or B were defined as good preparation and grades C or D as poor preparation. RESULTS: Sixty four of the 71 subjects seen on the preparation trip completed the questionnaire and took their Moviprep®. The questionnaire responses showed that 53 (83%) had used other colon preparations previously and 57 (89%) would prefer Moviprep® for their next colonoscopy. Eighteen patients did not undergo colonoscopy due to time constraints. Forty-one of the 46 subjects (89%) who underwent colonoscopy had successful colonic preparation 7 of whom received an extra litre of Moviprep due to stool based nursing assessment prior to colonoscopy. Side effects of nausea and hunger were occasionally troublesome but did not affect compliance. CONCLUSION: When patients are pre-councelled, Moviprep® provides adequate colonic cleansing in 73% with the standard regimen and 89 % after additional prep in subjects undergoing surveillance colonoscopy in a rural setting. Moviprep was tolerated well and 88% of subjects would choose the same preparation for their next colonoscopy.

The empowerment of rural women is essential for the promotion of sustainable agricultural development and the improvement of food security. This study was conducted in the Martí, Perico, Colón and Jagüey municipalities, of Matanzas province Cuba, in order to socialize the experience of the gender axis in the framework of the Local Agricultural Innovation Program (PIAL, for its initials in Spanish). The methodology used allowed to interrelate theory, practice, action and participation, through workshops, participant observation, animation dynamics, life histories and storm of aspirations. It could be noted that women suffer an excessive burden of tasks and responsibilities, proven by the fact that, besides helping in the work of the farm, they undertake domestic chores and children care; while men mostly perform the role of providers. Men aspire to achieve balance and harmony in the family, to improve home economics and farm prosperity; while women, although coinciding with this criterion, also want to excel professionally. The Local Agricultural Innovation Program in Matanzas province has achieved their integration to favor the social recognition of rural women, as well as their participation and influence on decision-making. The great challenge faced by development projects today is to achieve the empowerment of Cuban rural women.

El empoderamiento de la mujer rural es crucial para la promoción del desarrollo agrícola sostenible y la mejora de la seguridad alimentaria. Este estudio se realizó en los municipios Martí, Perico, Colón y Jagüey, de la provincia de Matanzas Cuba, con el objetivo de socializar la experiencia del eje de género en el marco del Programa de Innovación Agropecuaria Local (PIAL). La metodología utilizada permitió interrelacionar la teoría, la práctica, la acción y la participación, mediante talleres, observación participante, dinámicas de animación, historias de vida y lluvia de aspiraciones. Se pudo constatar que las mujeres sufren una sobrecarga de tareas y responsabilidades, evidenciada en que, además de apoyar el trabajo en la finca, se encargan de las labores domésticas y el cuidado de los niños; mientras que los hombres desempeñan mayormente función de proveedores. Los hombres aspiran a lograr el equilibrio y la armonía en la familia, a mejorar la economía del hogar y la prosperidad de la finca; mientras que las féminas, aunque coinciden con este criterio, ansían además superarse profesionalmente. El Programa de Innovación Agropecuaria Local en la provincia de Matanzas ha logrado su integración para favorecer el reconocimiento social de la mujer rural, así como su participación e influencia en la toma de decisiones. El gran reto que enfrentan hoy los proyectos de desarrollo es lograr el empoderamiento de la mujer rural cubana.

ABSTRACT The medical neglect was a general characteristic of the so-called democratic governments of Cuba prior to 1959. Columbus was not unaware of this situation that the country was living in, so that representatives of those who did honorably care for the health of our people could not Lack as worthy revolutionary examples. In this historical context, Dr. Leandro Lantigua Bayón began working in this area in 1951, fully identified with the scientific nature of his profession and never apart from the problems that overwhelmed his people, keeping both principles always united. After the revolutionary triumph he becomes the Professor of Surgery of this municipality. His experience transmits it to many of the surgeons who work in this province today. The current doctors and especially the Colombian surgeons defend with pride the postulates that he would leave behind the hours of work under his guardianship. To make known the life of this great doctor is the objective of our work.

RESUMEN La desatención médica fue característica general de los mal llamados gobiernos democráticos de la Cuba anterior a 1959. Colón no estaba ajeno a esta situación que vivía el país, por lo que representantes de los que sí cuidaban con honor la salud de nuestro pueblo, no podían faltar como dignos ejemplos revolucionarios. En este contexto histórico comienza a trabajar en esta localidad el Dr. Leandro Lantigua Bayón en el año 1951, identificado plenamente con el carácter científico de su profesión y nunca al margen de los problemas que agobiaban a su pueblo, manteniendo ambos principios siempre unidos. Tras el triunfo revolucionario se convierte en el Profesor de Cirugía de este municipio. Su experiencia la trasmite a gran parte de los cirujanos que hoy laboran en esta provincia. Los actuales médicos y especialmente los cirujanos colombinos defienden con orgullo los postulados que legara tras las horas de trabajo bajo su tutela. Precisamente dar a conocer la vida de este gran médico es el objetivo de nuestro trabajo.

Cetuximab is widely used in patients with metastatic colon cancer expressing wildtype KRAS. However, acquired drug resistance limits its clinical efficacy. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles secreted by various cell types. Tumor cell-derived exosomes participate in many biological processes, including tumor invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this study, exosomes derived from cetuximab-resistant RKO colon cancer cells induced cetuximab resistance in cetuximab-sensitive Caco-2 cells. Meanwhile, exosomes from RKO and Caco-2 cells showed different levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and phosphor-Akt. Furthermore, reduced PTEN and increased phosphorylated Akt levels were found in Caco-2 cells after exposure to RKO cell-derived exosomes. Moreover, an Akt inhibitor prevented RKO cell-derived exosome-induced drug resistance in Caco-2 cells. These findings provide novel evidence that exosomes derived from cetuximab-resistant cells could induce cetuximab resistance in cetuximab-sensitive cells, by downregulating PTEN and increasing phosphorylated Akt levels.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar la prevalencia de los cánceres más comunes diagnosticados en el Hospital San Vicente de Paúl, con el fin de lograr estrategias preventivas que puedan ser abarcadas mediante atención integral. Métodos: Se realiza un estudio transversal, mediante la utilización de paquetes estadísticos como Excel 2010, IBM SPSS Statistics 21 e Infostat, con los cuales se generaron medidas de dispersión y de tendencia central así como distribuciones de frecuencia para el análisis de cada una de las variables de interés. Resultados: El 1 % de la población total herediana, se diagnosticó con algún tipo de cáncer, el 77 % corresponde a mujeres, razón hombre mujer de 1: 3,28, el cáncer de mayor incidencia para población masculina es el de piel y el de la femenina es el de útero (TI 105 y 291 por cada 100 000). El cantón de central de Heredia es el que lleva el primer lugar en incidencias seguido de San Rafael. La letalidad general es de un 3 % y la mortalidad general de 3 por cada 10 000, siendo los cánceres gástrico y de colon los de mayor mortalidad. Conclusión: Se hace urgente la puesta en práctica de planes y estrategias que nos permitan una eficaz y evidente prevención de los diferentes tipos de cáncer, pues no se debe olvidar que un gran porcentaje son prevenibles, si mantenemos estilos de vida saludables.

Abstract Objective: Identify the prevalence of the most common cancers diagnosed San Vicente de Paul Hospital, in order to achieve preventive strategies that can be covered bycomprehensive care. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using statistical packages such as Excel 2010, IBM SPSS Statistics 21 and Infostat, with which were generated measures of dispersion and central tendency and frequency distributions for the analysis of each of the variables interest. Results: 1 % of the total population of Heredia, was diagnosed with some form of cancer, 77 % are women, male female ratio of 1: 3,28, the higher incidence of cancer is the male population of the skin and is the female uterus (iT 105 and 291 per 100 000). The central canton of Heredia is the leading first in incidents followed by San Rafael. Overall fatality is 3 % and overall mortality of 3 per 10 000, with the gastric and colon cancers the increased mortality. Conclusion: Is urgent implementation of plans and strategies that provide effective and clear prevention of different types of cancer, it should not be forgotten that a large percentage are preventable, if we maintain healthy lifestyles.