Resumen Las enfermedades gastrointestinales en adultos son dinámicas entre poblaciones y esta influenciado por factores como la edad, los antecedentes clínicos y los hábitos individuales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la distribución de las enfermedades digestivas. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, correlacional de corte transversal, basado en 535 registros médicos de pacientes atendidos por demanda espontánea o referidos a consultas de gastroenterología. Se analizaron los diagnósticos clínicos según la clasificación CIE-10, antecedentes de enfermedad ácido-péptica (EAP), reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE), uso de medicamentos específicos, consumo de tabaco o alcohol (T/A), presencia de síntomas esofágicos y gástricos y así como la edad. Para identificar los patrones, se empleó análisis de correspondencias múltiples y un modelo saturado log-lineal para evaluar interacciones significativas. Los resultados mostraron que el 57,8 % de los pacientes fueron mujeres. Las patologías esofágicas y gástricas (K20-K31) fueron las más prevalentes y se presentaron en menores de 40 años, aquellos que indican consumo de T/A y uso de medicación antiácida. Las enfermedades intestinales, del colon y hernias (K35-K67) predominaron en mayores de 40 años sin relación con el consumo de T/A, ni con los antecedentes de EAP/ERGE por ni el uso de medicamentos. Los trastornos hepáticos, biliares y pancreáticos (K70-K87) fueron independientes de la edad y no se asociaron a síntomas actuales ni al consumo de T/A. Se concluye que las patologías esofágicas y gástricas fueron las más frecuentes y su aparición se asoció con el consumo de T/A, el antecedente de EAP/ERGE y el uso de medicamentos específicas.

Abstract Gastrointestinal diseases in adults are dynamic among populations and are influenced by factors such as age, clinical history, and individual habits. This study aimed to characterize the distribution of digestive diseases. A retrospective, correlational, cross-sectional study was performed based on 535 medical records of patients attended by spontaneous demand or referred to gastroenterology consultations. Clinical diagnoses according to ICD-10 classification, history of acid-peptic disease (APD), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), use of specific medications, tobacco or alcohol (T/A) consumption, presence of esophageal and gastric symptoms, and age were analyzed. Multiple correspondence analysis and a saturated log-linear model were used to identify patterns to evaluate significant interactions. The results showed that 57.8 % of the patients were women. Esophageal and gastric pathologies (K20-K31) were the most prevalent and occurred in patients under 40 years of age, those indicating T/A consumption and use of antacid medication. Intestinal, colon, and hernia diseases (K35-K67) predominated in those older than 40 years with no relation to T/A Consumption nor a history of PAD/ERGE or medication use. Hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic disorders (K70-K87) were independent of age and were not associated with current symptoms or T/A consumption. It was concluded that esophageal and gastric pathologies were the most frequent, and their occurrence was associated with T/A consumption, history of PAD/ERGE, and the use of specific medications.

Abstract Introduction : The cost of cancer treatments is a con cern of the health system. The search for strategies that optimize the costs of these treatments is essential to ensure access to them. Dose banding is a methodol ogy that has been successfully implemented in several countries, demonstrating effectiveness and efficiency. It is based on establishing dose bands rounding cytostat ics ±5% and monoclonal antibodies ±10%, optimizing commercial presentations and avoiding waste. In our country there are no experiences with this system. The objective was to evaluate the savings in drug costs us ing dose banding. Material and methods : Observational study of the costs of oncology drugs in a sample of patients affiliated with the Institute of Social Work of the Armed Forces (IOSFA) diagnosed with breast, colon and prostate cancer who received treatment during June 2022. The cost of each dose was determined and was simulated according to the dose banding system. Results : Twenty-eight patients who received 29 doses were analysed. Diagnoses: colon cancer (n:7; 25.0%), breast cancer (n:18; 64.3%) and prostate cancer (n:3; 10.7%). Mean age 61.7 years (range 34-85 years); 22 patients were female. Drugs tested: bevacizumab, cabazitaxel, cetuximab, docetaxel, trastuzumab, and trastuzumab+emtasine. The total cost was $14 101 596.39 (U$S 112 605.58 -sale value of the U.S. dollar in the Banco Nación Argentina, June 30, 2022), the simulation of the application of dose banding showed a cost of $11 185 371.49 (U$S 89 318.63). The potential savings are 20.7%. Discussion : Dose standardization may represent a strategy that generates a significant decrease in cancer treatment costs.

Resumen Introducción : El costo de los tratamientos oncológicos es un problema preocupante del sistema de salud. La es tandarización de dosis (dose banding) es una metodología que se implementó con éxito en algunos países, demos trando efectividad y eficiencia. Se establecen bandas de dosis redondeando ± 5% los citostáticos y ±10% los anti cuerpos monoclonales, optimizando las presentaciones comerciales y evitando el desperdicio. En nuestro país no existen experiencias. El objetivo fue evaluar el ahorro en costos de drogas utilizando dose banding. Materiales y métodos : Estudio observacional de cos tos de drogas oncológicas en una muestra de pacientes afiliados al Instituto de Obra Social de las Fuerzas Arma das (IOSFA) con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama, colon y próstata que recibieron tratamiento durante junio de 2022. Se determinó el costo de cada dosis y se simuló el costo mediante el sistema dose banding. Resultados : Se analizaron 28 casos de pacientes que recibieron un total de 29 dosis. Diagnósticos: cáncer de colon (n: 7; 25.0%), cáncer de mama (n: 18; 64.3%) y cáncer de próstata (n: 3; 10.7%). Edad promedio 61.7 años (rango 34-85 años); 22 pacientes eran de sexo femenino. Drogas analizadas: bevacizumab, cabazitaxel, cetuximab, docetaxel, trastuzumab y trastuzumab+emtasina. El cos to total de las dosis fue de $14 101 596.39 (U$S 112 605.58 -valor de venta del dólar estadounidense en el Banco Nación Argentina al 30 de junio de 2022), la simulación del dose banding mostró un costo de $ 11 185 371.49 (U$S 89 318.63). El potencial ahorro es 20.7%. Discusión : La estandarización de dosis puede repre sentar una estrategia que disminuya significativamente los costos del tratamiento del cáncer.

Abstract Introduction: Cancers of the digestive tract are among the leading causes of mortality from non-communicable chronic diseases, both in Colombia and worldwide. These malignancies are often asymptomatic in their early stages, which significantly impacts survival rates and poses a major public health challenge. This study aimed to analyze survival rates following histopathological confirmation of digestive tract neoplasms detected through endoscopy at a regional referral center. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, reviewing biopsy results from endoscopies and colonoscopies performed between 2018 and 2020. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed, and survival rates were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-Rank test. Results: A total of 133 cases of gastrointestinal neoplasms were identified: 66.1% in the stomach (n = 88), 23.3% in the colon (n = 31), and 10.6% in the esophagus (n = 14). The median age was 66.7 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 59-79), with a predominance of male patients. Follow-up data showed a median survival of five months from diagnosis to death, with a maximum survival of 2.3 years. Conclusion: The majority of patients diagnosed with digestive tract cancer at the regional referral center were male and presented with advanced-stage disease, as reflected in the short survival times observed.

Resumen Introducción: Los cánceres del tubo digestivo representan una de las principales causas de mortalidad por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles tanto en Colombia como a nivel mundial. Estos padecimientos suelen ser asintomáticos en sus etapas iniciales, lo cual compromete la supervivencia y constituye un desafío relevante para la salud pública. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la supervivencia luego de la confirmación histopatológica de neoplasias del tubo digestivo detectadas mediante endoscopia en un centro de referencia departamental. Metodología: Estudio transversal retrospectivo en el que se revisaron los resultados de biopsias obtenidas en endoscopias y colonoscopias realizadas entre 2018 y 2020. Se realizó la caracterización de variables sociodemográficas y el análisis de supervivencia mediante el método de Kaplan-Meier y la prueba Log-Rank. Resultados: Se identificaron 133 casos de neoplasias del tracto gastrointestinal, con el 66,1% en el estómago (n = 88), el 23,3% en el colon (n = 31) y el 10,6% en el esófago (n = 14). La mediana de edad fue de 66,7 años (rango intercuartílico [RIC]: 59-79) y predominó una población masculina. El seguimiento reveló una mediana de supervivencia de cinco meses entre el diagnóstico y la muerte, y una supervivencia máxima de 2,3 años. Conclusión: La población atendida en el centro de referencia departamental con diagnóstico de cáncer del tubo digestivo fue mayoritariamente masculina, con diagnóstico en estadios avanzados, lo que se refleja en la corta supervivencia observada.

ABSTRACT Don Carlitos Cheese Factory aims to stand out for the quality of its fresh cheese, and for the robustness of its business model. With a special focus on the production and sale of fresh cheeses, the microenterprise seeks to establish a business model that allows evaluating the needs and preferences of local consumers and determining the economic viability of the business model. The study carried out provides valuable information on customer preferences and consumption patterns and unsatisfied demand. The feasibility evaluation yields positive results, with an internal rate of return of 17%, exceeding the minimum required attractiveness rate. This clearly indicates the anticipation of the recovery of the investment in a period of 3 years and 7 months. Don Carlitos Cheese Factory emerges as a promising and viable project in the food market.

RESUMEN La Quesería Don Carlitos se propone sobresalir por la calidad de su queso fresco, y por la robustez de su modelo de negocios. Con un enfoque especial en la producción y venta de quesos frescos, la microempresa busca establecer un modelo de negocios que permita evaluar las necesidades y preferencias de los consumidores locales y determinar la viabilidad económica del modelo de negocio. El estudio realizado proporciona información valiosa sobre las preferencias y patrones de consumo de los clientes y demanda insatisfecha. La evaluación de factibilidad arroja resultados positivos, con una tasa interna de rendimiento del 17%, superando la tasa mínima de atractivo requerida. Esto señala claramente la anticipación de la recuperación de la inversión en un lapso de 3 años y 7 meses. La Quesería Don Carlitos emerge como un proyecto prometedor y viable en el mercado alimentario.

RESUMEN La apendicitis del muñón es una rara complicación tardía posterior a la apendicectomía y representa un problema diagnóstico, ya que los médicos a menudo no están muy familiarizados con esta patología, lo que genera complicaciones como fístula intestinal, obstrucción del intestino delgado, entre otras. El plastrón apendicular es una forma evolutiva de la apendicitis aguda, cuya frecuencia es bastante baja y requiere de tratamiento quirúrgico; no obstante, aún no hay consenso sobre el protocolo terapéutico. El presente caso trata de una paciente a quien se le realizó una apendicetomía años atrás, y que acude a consulta por un cuadro de dolor en la fosa iliaca derecha, emesis, alzas térmicas y signos de irritación peritoneal. Fue llevada a laparotomía exploratoria, en la cual se halló una masa en el colon ascendente. Se le tomó una biopsia, cuyo resultado reportó plastrón apendicular del muñón, dándosele manejo. Actualmente, aún no se considera posible establecer un diagnóstico diferencial del plastrón apendicular del muñón en pacientes con dolor en la fosa ilíaca derecha intervenidos con apendicectomía. Por esta razón, el diagnóstico puede retrasarse y pueden presentarse complicaciones como abdomen agudo, perforación o sepsis. La apendicectomía de terminación es el tratamiento de elección para los pacientes que están cursando con la apendicitis del muñón. El objetivo de este reporte de caso es subrayar la importancia de esta patología, dada su baja incidencia. Los clínicos deben ser conscientes de la posibilidad de apendicitis del muñón o, en el caso de plastrón, confirmar cualquier sospecha clínica a través de imágenes radiológicas para reconocer rápidamente esta entidad y evitar las complicaciones relacionadas.

ABSTRACT Stump appendicitis is a rare late complication following appendectomy that poses a diagnostic challenge, as physicians are often not very familiar with this pathology. This fact leads to complications, such as intestinal fistula and small bowel obstruction, among others. Appendiceal phlegmon is an evolutionary form of acute appendicitis whose frequency is quite low. It requires surgical treatment, but there is still no consensus on the therapeutic protocol. Our case involves a female patient who had undergone appendectomy years ago, who consulted for right iliac fossa pain, emesis, febrile episodes and signs of peritoneal irritation. Therefore, she was taken to exploratory laparotomy, revealing a mass in the ascending colon, from which a biopsy was taken. This reported appendiceal stump phlegmon, which was treated. Currently, appendiceal stump phlegmon is not yet considered a possible differential diagnosis in patients with right iliac fossa pain who have undergone appendectomy. For this reason, the diagnosis may be delayed, and complications such as acute abdomen, perforation and sepsis may occur. Stump appendectomy is the treatment of choice for patients with stump appendicitis. The objective of this case report is to highlight the importance of this pathology, given its low incidence. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of stump appendicitis or, in the case of the patient with phlegmon, should confirm any clinical suspicion through radiological imaging to quickly recognize this pathology and prevent related complications.

RESUMEN Sangama (1942) del peruano Arturo Hernández es una de las primeras novelas de la renovación temática de la ficción sobre la Amazonía. Este artículo analiza el texto a partir de dos puntos: en primer lugar, se estudiará la disposición formal de la obra desde la narratología para demostrar que esta no es una novela meramente descriptiva como señaló la crítica literaria. Así, pues, estaría dispuesta por lo que hemos llamado «lógica de suspenso narrativo» en la que los planos narrativo y discursivo demuestran una trama artificial que conserva la intriga. En segundo lugar, analizaremos a Tula desde la teoría poscolonial. Sostenemos que es un sujeto «impensable» como ha teorizado Michel Trouillot, ya que incentiva el suspenso en la obra y, con ello, permite reentenderla. Sustentamos que esta novela propone todo lo contrario a lo que los estudios crítico- literarios afirmaron: Sangama es compleja tanto en su forma como en sus personajes, pues en ambos casos se exceden los marcos de representación tradicionales.

ABSTRACT Sangama (1942) by the author Arturo Hernández is one of the first novels of the thematic renewal of fiction about Amazonia. This article analyzes the novel from two points: first, the formal arrangement of the work will be studied from the narratology to demonstrate that this is not a merely descriptive novel as pointed out by literary critics. Thus, the novel would be arranged by what we have called «logic of narrative suspense» in which the narrative and discursive planes demonstrate an artificial plot that preserves the intrigue. Second, we will analyze Tula from postcolonial theory. We argue that she is an «unthinkable» subject, as Michel Trouillot has theorized, since she encourages suspense in the work and thus allows us to understand it. We argue that this novel proposes the opposite of what literary-critical studies have affirmed: Sangama is complex both in its form and in its characters, since in both cases it exceeds the traditional frameworks of representation.

RESUMO As espécies de Artemisia são conhecidas por sua abundância em lactonas sesquiterpênicas e compostos antioxidantes como flavonoides e ácidos fenólicos, oferecendo possíveis benefícios à saúde de humanos e animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil fitoquímico, a atividade citotóxica e anti-helmíntica dos extratos metanólicos das folhas de Artemisia judaica (AJLE). Os AJLE foram produzidos e testados in vitro quanto à ação anti-helmíntica contra Eisenia fetida. O estudo utilizou diferentes concentrações do extrato de AJLE, 25, 50 e 100 mg/mL, o albendazol (10 mg/mL) foi usado como controle positivo e a água destilada serviu como controle negativo. A análise de citotoxicidade do extrato em diferentes doses (µg/mL) contra as linhagens de células do cólon (HCT116) e do fígado (Huh-7) após 48 horas de incubação foi realizada usando um ensaio MTT. O extrato metanólico foi analisado quanto à sua composição fitoquímica usando o equipamento GC-MS. O espectro de GC-MS identificou 19 biomoléculas diferentes. Com relação à atividade anti-helmíntica, a dose mais eficaz de AJLE (100 mg/mL) resultou em paralisia e morte em 7,502±0,812 e 8,190±0,554 minutos, respectivamente. Em comparação, o Mebendazol apresentou menor eficiência, resultando em morte e paralisia em 18,2±0,980 e 13,91±0,373 minutos, respectivamente. A análise histológica dos vermes tratados revelou anomalias significativas na estrutura da superfície. Além disso, o AJLE apresentou efeitos citotóxicos moderados contra as linhas celulares HCT116 e Huh-7, com valores de IC50 de 287,55±2,89μg/ml e 324,2±2,9μg/ml, respectivamente. Esse estudo descobriu que o AJLE é uma fonte rica de ingredientes bioativos e pode ser usado para tratar a infecção por helmintíase.

ABSTRACT Artemisia species are known for their abundance in sesquiterpene lactones and antioxidant compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids, offering potential health benefits for both humans and animals. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profiling, cytotoxic, and anthelmintic activity of Artemisia judaica leaves methanolic extracts (AJLE). AJLE were produced and tested in vitro for anthelmintic action against Eisenia fetida. The study utilized different concentrations of AJLE extract, 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL, Albendazole (10mg/mL) was used as a positive control, and distilled water served as a negative control. Cytotoxicity analysis for the extract at different doses (µg/mL) against colon (HCT116) and liver (Huh-7) cell lines after 48 hours of incubation was conducted using an MTT assay. The methanolic extract was analyzed for its phytochemical composition using GC-MS equipment. The GC-MS spectrum has identified 19 different biomolecules. Regarding anthelminthic activity, the most effective dose of AJLE (100 mg/mL) resulted in paralysis and death within 7.502±0.812 and 8.190±0.554 minutes, respectively. In comparison, Mebendazole showed lower efficiency, resulting in death and paralysis at 18.2±0.980 and 13.91±0.373 minutes, respectively. Histological analysis of treated worms revealed significant surface structure anomalies. Furthermore, AJLE exhibited moderate cytotoxic effects against HCT116 and Huh-7 cell lines, with IC50 values of 287.55±2.89μg/ml and 324.2±2.9μg/ml, respectively. This study discovered that AJLE is a rich source of bioactive ingredients and can be used to treat helminthiasis infection.

RESUMO As helmintoses intestinais são uma causa significativa de morte todos os anos. Muitos países em desenvolvimento não têm acesso a medicamentos convencionais. Além disso, vários medicamentos anti-helmínticos estão associados a efeitos colaterais e ao aumento progressivo da resistência aos medicamentos. Atualmente, há um interesse crescente na descoberta de novos agentes antiparasitários a partir de plantas etnomedicinais. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a triagem fitoquímica, a citotoxicidade in vitro e a atividade anti-helmíntica do extrato metanólico das folhas de Artemisia sieberi (ASLE). Usando a cromatografia gasosa e o espectro de massa (GC-MS), os constituintes bioativos do ASLE foram detectados. Além disso, diferentes concentrações do extrato foram testadas quanto às suas atividades anticancerígenas quando aplicadas à linha celular de câncer de cólon HCT116 e às células hepáticas Huh-7. O ASLE foi preparado e testado in vitro como anti-helmíntico usando a minhoca Eisenia fetida. Verificou-se que dezesseis constituintes bioativos diferentes estavam presentes no ASLE usando (GC-MS). Além disso, o ASLE apresentou citotoxicidade significativa contra células cancerígenas. A LC50 do ASLE foi obtida em 353,7±2,54μg/mL para as linhas celulares HCT116 e 467,9±1,97 para as linhas celulares Huh-7. Em comparação com o mebendazol, o ASLE (200 mg/mL) produziu paralisia e morte da minhoca em 6,730±0,517 e 7,334±0,118 minutos, respectivamente, enquanto o mebendazol (10 mg/mL) apresentou 13,91±0,007 e 18,2±0,980 minutos, respectivamente. Além disso, o exame histológico revelou anormalidades notáveis na arquitetura do tegumento dos vermes tratados. Nossos resultados mostraram que a ASLE tem atividade anticâncer e anti-helmíntica, o que incentiva a realização de vários estudos in vivo para descobrir um tratamento eficaz.

ABSTRACT Intestinal helminths are a significant cause of death every year. Many developing countries do not have access to conventional medications. Moreover, several anthelminthic drugs are associated with side effects and progressive increase in drug resistance. Currently, there is growing interest in discovering new antiparasitic agents from ethnomedicinal plants. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate phytochemical screening, in vitro cytotoxicity, and anthelminthic activity ofArtemisia sieberileaves methanolic extract (ASLE). Using gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS), the bioactive constituents of ASLE were detected. Additionally, different extract concentrations were tested for their anticancer activities when applied to colon cancer cell line HCT116 and liver cells Huh-7. ASLE was prepared and tested in vitro as an anthelmintic using earthwormEisenia fetida. Sixteen different bioactive constituents were found to be present in ASLE using (GC-MS). Moreover, ASLE showed significant cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The LC50 of ASLE was obtained at 353.7±2.54μg/mL for the HCT116 and 467.9±1.97 for the Huh-7cell lines. Compared to Mebendazole, ASLE (200mg/mL) produced paralysis and earthworm death by 6.730±0.517 and 7.334±0.118 min, respectively, while, mebendazole (10 mg/mL) showed 13.91±0.007 and 18.2±0.980 min, respectively. In addition, histological examination revealed noticeable abnormalities in the tegument architecture of treated worms. Our results showed that ASLE has anticancer and anthelminthic activity which encourages the undertaking of numerous in vivo studies to discover an effective treatment.

Abstract Background and objective Colon Cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and regulatory mechanism of circular RNA pappalysin-1 (circ-PAPPA; hsa_circ_0088233) in CC. Methods In cancer tissues from CC patients, circ-PAPPA expression was measured and its relationship with patients’ clinical features was analyzed. Plasmid vectors or oligonucleotides interfering with the expression of circ-PAPPA, microRNA (miR)-656-3p or G-protein subunit Gamma-5 (GNG5) were transfected into CC cells. Cell viability was detected by MTT and colony formation assay; apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry; and cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing assay and Transwell. Glycolytic capacity of CC cells was assessed by measuring glucose uptake and lactate production using commercial kits. The targeting relationship between miR-656-3p and circ-PAPPA or GNG5 was verified by bioinformatics website starBase and dual luciferase reporter gene assay assays. Results Circ-PAPPA was upregulated in CC and was negatively correlated with benign pathological features and 5-year survival rates of CC patients. Circ-PAPPA silencing inhibited the growth and glycolysis of CC cells through upregulating miR-656-3p. GNG5, a target of miR-656-3p, could reverse the impacts of silencing circ-PAPPA on CC cells. Conclusion Circ-PAPPA may play an oncogenic role in CC by promoting cell growth and glycolysis through the miR-656-3p/GNG5 axis.

Coptisine (COP), a naturally occurring alkaloid, is recognized for its varied pharmacological impacts and its supportive function in intestinal well-being. However, the role of COP to protect the colonic epithelium in colitis has not been extensively investigated. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of COP in ameliorating colitis by investigating intestinal histopathology, mucosal barrier function, and transient receptor potential (TRP) signaling pathways in mice with colon disease compared to a control group, thereby elucidating the underlying mechanisms of its action. The results demonstrated a marked improvement in diarrhea and bleeding, an improvement in general behavioral competencies of the mice, and a decrease in disease activity index (DAI) scores. Histopathological analysis indicated a reduction in intestinal inflammation and an enhancement of intestinal mucosal barrier function. Our research identified that the protein expressions of the TRP family including transient receptor potential cation subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) were significantly upregulated with COP treatment. Compared with the model, COP markedly downregulated cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) levels, while upregulating calcitonin gene-related peptide-1 (CGRP-1) protein expressions. Our study revealed that COP enhanced intestinal barrier function by modulating the cPLA2/TRPM8/CGRP-1 signaling pathway, thus shedding light on the mechanism by which COP mitigates inflammation in the intestinal mucosa. These findings provided new insights on COP as a therapeutic agent in ulcerative colitis (UC).

Abstract Galectin-3 regulates cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in distinct tissues, including intestinal epithelial cells interfering with inflammatory responses. In the gut, galectin-3 stabilizes epithelial junctions and intestinal permeability. Here, it was investigated whether gliadin (protein of gluten) can induce inflammatory reactions in the digestive system in the presence or absence of galectin-3. BALB/c wild-type (Lgals3+/+) and genetically mutated in LGALS3 (Lgals3-/-) mice were divided into controls (water) or orally supplemented with gliadin (100mg/day) for 30 days. Fragments of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon and rectum were processed for histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. Gliadin induced an inflammatory response in the gut of Lgals3+/+ and Lgals3-/- mice, but with high severity in the Lgals3-/- mice. Galectin-3 was significantly expressed by enterocytes in all fragments. However, it was drastically reduced after gliadin supplementation and directly associated with severe inflammation in all compartments of the gut. In parallel, gliadin supplemented Lgals3-/- mice showed significant inflammatory signals in the mucosa, including leukocyte infiltration in mucosal sites, hyperplasia of crypts, enhance of intraepithelial lymphocytes, and hypertrophy linked to accumulation of apoptotic bodies in the Peyer’s patches. These data suggested that galectin-3 plays protective roles in the gut submitted an inflammatory stress after gluten intake.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate gastrointestinal histological injury in pigs subjected to triple stent interposition versus a control group, hypothesizing no significant injury increase with triple stents. Methods: A prospective study with 15 pigs divided into a control group (G0, n = 5) undergoing arteriography only, and a triple stent group (G3, n = 10) undergoing arteriography and three stent implantations in the thoracoabdominal aorta. After an eight-day observation, arteriography, euthanasia, and en bloc gastrointestinal harvesting were performed. Lesions were graded using the Park/Chiu classification, and serum markers were analyzed pre- and post-procedure. Results: Arteriography confirmed mesenteric artery patency in all animals. Histological analysis showed ischemic lesions in 88.9% of G3, mainly in the colon (89%), compared to 60% in G0, primarily in the colon (60%) and stomach (40%). Most G3 lesions were grade 1, while G0 had higher-grade lesions. Serum markers showed no significant intergroup differences. Conclusion: Triple stent interposition did not significantly increase gastrointestinal injury, indicating its safety for maintaining gastrointestinal perfusion in this model.

RESUMO RACIONAL: A colonoscopia é um procedimento endoscópico amplamente utilizado para investigar doenças do cólon e do reto. O procedimento de colonoscopia apresenta dificuldades para o paciente e o endoscopista. OBJETIVOS: Investigar se o uso de um espartilho abdominal pode tornar o procedimento de colonoscopia mais fácil e rápido. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo prospectivo controlado e randomizado. Foram avaliados pacientes com mais de 18 anos de idade que se submeteram à colonoscopia eletiva em nossa clínica. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o uso do espartilho. As variáveis foram comparadas entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: O total de 204 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. Os espartilhos foram usados em 97 pacientes e não foram usados em 107 pacientes. Verificou-se que a necessidade de compressão manual diminuiu no grupo que usou o espartilho. Não houve efeito do uso do espartilho no tempo de intubação cecal na população em geral. Verificou-se que o tempo de intubação cecal diminuiu com o uso do espartilho em pacientes com IMC<30 e do sexo masculino. CONCLUSÕES: A necessidade de compressão manual pode ser reduzida com o uso de um espartilho abdominal durante a colonoscopia. O uso de um espartilho abdominal pode tornar o procedimento de colonoscopia mais rápido e fácil para o endoscopista e o paciente.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is a widely used endoscopic procedure to investigate diseases of the colon and rectum. Colonoscopy procedure has difficulties for the patient and endoscopist. AIMS: To investigate whether the use of an abdominal corset can make the colonoscopy procedure easier and faster. METHODS: This is a prospective randomised controlled study. Patients over 18 years of age who underwent elective colonoscopy in our clinic were evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the use of the corset. Variables were compared between the groups. RESULTS: A total of 204 patients were included in the study. Corsets were used in 97 patients and not used in 107 patients. The need for manual compression was found to be decreased in the corset use group. There was no effect of corset use on cecal intubation time in the general population. It was found that cecal intubation time decreased with corset use in patients with body mass index - BMI<30 and male gender. CONCLUSIONS: The need for manual compression can be reduced by the use of an abdominal corset during colonoscopy. The use of an abdominal corset may make the colonoscopy procedure faster and easier for the endoscopist and the patient.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Deep pelvic endometriosis is the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Guidelines proposed standardized approaches for the diagnosis of deep pelvic endometriosis with ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging; however, knowing the reasons for discrepancy is crucial. We aimed to analyze the agreement between ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for deep pelvic endometriosis findings and provide potential pitfalls and reasons for discordant findings. METHODS: The study group consists of consecutive patients with deep pelvic endometriosis diagnosed on pelvic (n=1) or transvaginal ultrasonography (n=34) who underwent noncontrast pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. The agreement between the ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging was assessed using the prevalence and bias-adjusted kappa statistics. Potential pitfalls and reasons for discordant findings were presented. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 35 patients with deep pelvic endometriosis. The mean age was 39.5±6.2 years. The most common site of involvement was the rectosigmoid colon (n=34, 97.1%), followed by endometrioma/hemorrhagic cyst (n=32, 91.4%). There was a perfect agreement for endometrioma/hemorrhagic cyst (100%), almost perfect agreement for bladder involvement (PABAK=0.886), and moderate agreement for other sites. The number of uterosacral ligament involvement was lower with ultrasonography than with magnetic resonance imaging. However, due to the impact of gas signals on magnetic resonance imaging imaging, the number and boundaries of rectosigmoid deep pelvic endometriosis were better defined with ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: The agreement between ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging for deep pelvic endometriosis findings varies according to the sites of involvement. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are not standalone diagnostic techniques but are complementary to each other. We provided potential diagnostic pitfalls.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cancer information burden, attitudes, and behaviors toward cancer screening in women aged 30–70 years who applied to family health centers. METHODS: The data were collected with Personal Information Form, Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening, and Cancer Information Overload Scale from 398 women. RESULTS: The mean score of the participants was 16.22±4.66 on the Cancer Information Overload Scale and 93.05±13.80 on the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean scores of the women according to their educational level, occupational status, knowledge about cancer screening, and the presence of cancer in themselves or their families (p<0.05). In addition, a strong positive but statistically insignificant correlation (r=0.061, p=0.223) was found between the Cancer Information Overload Scale and the scores of the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening. CONCLUSION: Women had low rates of knowing the timing of colon, cervical, and breast cancer screenings, having been screened, and thinking of participating in screenings in the following year. In order to improve women's attitudes toward early diagnosis of cancer in a positive way, informative public education activities should be continued.