Abstract This study investigated if bilingual language coactivation would be observed in the context of the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Portuguese-English bilinguals listened to 12 lists of semantically associated words that related to either a cognate or a noncognate critical lure. Participants were instructed to recall as many words as they could and to type them on the computer keyboard. Then, they performed a recognition test with words from the study phase of the recall test, as well as critical lures and unstudied words. Statistical analyses showed a small but statistically significant difference in the recall of studied words between conditions. No differences were observed in the recognition. We suggest that participants relied more on verbatim than gist trace, which may have reduced language coactivation effects. DeeseRoedigerMcDermott Deese Roediger McDermott paradigm PortugueseEnglish Portuguese English 1 lure keyboard Then conditions trace effects

Aspectual meaning is often ambiguous in Afrikaans because the verb is not compulsorily marked for aspect. The inchoative aspect is a grammatical aspectual meaning that highlights the moment directly before the onset, the onset itself, or the moment directly after the onset of an action or change of state. A variety of strategies can be used in Afrikaans to express the inchoative aspect, one of which being auxiliary verb constructions. Ten auxiliary verbs can occur in inchoative constructions in Afrikaans, namely: begin ('begin'), gaan ('go'), kom ('come'), loop ('walk), raak ('become'), sit ('sit'), slaan ('hif), spring ('jump'), steek ('stab) and val ('fall'). These auxiliary verbs function as inchoative aspectual markers in two kinds of constructions: as direct linking verbs in inchoative constructions or as indirect linking verbs (either with or without progressive periphrastic constructions). All of the auxiliary verbs that can express inchoative meaning do not occur in all of the possible constructions. For instance, slaan ('hit') exclusively occurs as an inchoative marker in auxiliary constructions with the progressive periphrastic construction aan die ('on the') together with the main verb collocate brand ('to burn'). This article, therefore, does not investigate all ten auxiliary verbs that can occur in inchoative constructions but solely focuses on the direct linking verb constructions in which gaan and loop occur as cognate inchoative auxiliaries. In this article, the Watkykjy! corpus, Taalkommissie corpus and NWU Commentary corpus are used to investigate the frequencies and usage patterns of gaan and loop as direct linking verbs in inchoative constructions. Construction Grammar (CxG) and Grammaticalisa-tion Theory are used as theoretical frameworks to describe the similarities and differences in use of loop and gaan as direct linking verbs in inchoative constructions. CxG provides a useful theoretical framework for the identification of the constructions and descriptions of the nuances between the two constructions, should any be present. Grammaticalisation Theory provides a framework in which the main verb collocates for gaan and loop in these inchoative constructions can be used to establish the degree to which these verbs have evolved to express additional meanings or perform additional functions. The results of the corpus study indicate that these gaan and loop inchoative constructions are formally and structurally similar, but that there are semantic nuances expressed by using one rather than the other. Collostruction analyses indicate both gaan and loop retain some of their lexical meaning in certain contexts where they are used to express inchoative aspectual meaning. However, gaan can be used in a larger variety of linguistic contexts and with a larger variety of main verb collocates. Gaan is, therefore, more grammaticalised and less constricted in its uses than loop. This result was expected because gaan has grammaticalised to function as a future tense marker and modal marker expressing epistemic modality in Afrikaans, which correlate with the grammaticalisation route for verbs like gaan in other languages. Whilst it was expected that loop would be less grammaticalised than gaan because loop is not commonly considered to function as a future tense marker in Afrikaans, it is, however, noteworthy that loop seems to have evolved to denote some kind of modal meaning. The loop inchoative construction is more frequently used in imperatives, occurs with a smaller variety of main verb collocates and tends to be used in contexts where the speaker is expressing a dislike for or disapproval of the situation being expressed by the main verb, or aims to evoke a negative emotional response from the receiver of the utterance towards the situation expressed by the main verb. This is indicative of loop being more specialised for imperatives, pejoratives and cases where the speaker expresses their own dislike or disapproval, or hopes to evoke these feelings in the receiver of the utterance, towards the situation expressed by the main verb. It, therefore, seems that loop has evolved to function as a kind of deontic modal marker. This supports the findings of other researchers who note that loop expresses modality in progressive constructions.

Aspektuele betekenis is dikwels meerduidig in Afrikaans, omdat die werkwoord nie verpligtend gemerk word vir aspek nie. Die inchoatiefaspek is 'n grammatikaalaspektuele betekenis wat die moment direk voor die aanvang, die aanvangsmoment self, of die moment direk ná die aanvang van 'n handeling of faseverandering uitlig. 'n Verskeidenheid strategies kan in Afrikaans gebruik word om die inchoatiefaspek uit te druk - een só 'n strategie is die gebruik van niehoofwerkwoordelike konstruksies. In hierdie artikel word gebruik gemaak van die Watkykjy!'-korpus, Taalkommissiekorpus en NWU-Kommentaarkorpus om die frekwensies en gebruikspatrone van gaan en loop as direkteskakelwerkwoorde in inchoatiefkonstruksies na te gaan. Die resultate van die korpusondersoek toon dat hierdie gaan- en loop-inchoatiefkonstruksies vormlik en struktureel ooreenkomstig is, maar dat daar semantiese nuanses is wat bewerkstellig word deur die keuse om gaan of loop te gebruik.

This paper presents examples in which hlk 'walk, go' and ?th 'come' appear in multi-verb constructions conforming to the definition of asymmetrical serial verb constructions (SVCs). In these constructions, hlk and ?th do not appear to be used with their concrete lexical senses as verbs constituting the predicate of a separate clause. Rather, they are found in the V1 position and appear to be used as minor verbs contributing an aspectual nuance of immediacy to the major verb in the V2 position. Broader usage of these verbal forms in Old Aramaic and cognate languages is consistent with a source of such SVCs from the fusion of bi-clausal constructions.

This article analyses Noah's ark and the flood events from the sacred texts and traditions of Judaism and Islam in an integrative manner. After juxtaposing the Flood Narrative in the Tanakh and the Noahic surahs of the Qur 'an, key cognate lexemes are examined and their ideological trajectories traced. It is argued, particularly, that, in addition to the evident message of salvation in the Flood texts and traditions, there is a discernible ideological motif of sacred space in both religions, specifically the ark of Noah equivalent to or associated with a temple structure. Further, the Noah's ark tradition seeps into various ancillary religious practices, both in various eras of Judaism and in Sunnism and Shiism. Thus, the convergences and divergences between Judaism and Islam, the Hebrew Bible and Qur 'an concerning the reception history of a common patriarch (Noah) and shared spaces (ark, temple/mosque) is richly variegated from a bi-optic hermeneutical perspective.

Resumen En este estudio comparamos las funciones productivas de los sufijos aplicativos cognados en las lenguas del tepehuano del sur: o’dam (-dha y -tuda) y audam (-dha y -tugda) desde un enfoque tipológico funcional. Encontramos que los sufijos en ambas lenguas pueden permitir sujetos y objetos, aunque su función específica se selecciona léxicamente por una raíz verbal dada. El tipo más productivo de licenciamiento de sujetos son los agentes causales; además, encontramos una división en los dos sufijos en términos de la volicionalidad del paciente, la distinción de volicionalidad parece ser muy fuerte en el audam, mientras que en el o’dam esta distinción es muy débil. Los objetos que se permiten de manera más productiva son los no argumentales promovidos y los beneficiarios, que no son inferidos semánticamente por la base verbal. El o’dam muestra una gama mucho más amplia de funciones para la concesión de objetos. En cuanto a la promoción de argumentos, el o’dam es la única de las dos lenguas que permite la gama completa de tipos de benefactivos, lo que resulta marginal en el audam ya que no se presenta.

Abstract We compare the productive functions of the cognate applicative suffixes in the Southern Tepehuan languages O’dam (-dha y -tuda) and Audam (-dha y -tugda) from a typological perspective. We find that both suffixes in both languages can license subjects and objects, although their specific function is lexically selected by a given verbal stem. The most productive type of subject licensing is causative agents, we additionally find a split in the two suffixes in terms of the volitionality of the patient, the volitionality distinction is consistent between Audam -dha and -tugda, while O’dam’s suffixes do not make a consistent distinction. Licensed objects are generally promoted non-arguments and beneficiaries, which are not entailed by the base form of the verb. O’dam shows a much wider range of functions for object licensing. For Audam, argument promotion is a marginal function and O’dam is the only one of the two languages that licenses the full range of benefactive types.

BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that proteins expressed by liver-stage Plasmodium parasites can inhibit the translocation of transcription factors to the nucleus of different cells. This process would hinder the expression of immune genes, such as the CCL20 chemokine. OBJECTIVE Since CCR6 is the only cognate receptor for CCL20, we investigated the importance of this chemokine-receptor axis against rodent malaria. METHODS CCR6-deficient (KO) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were challenged with Plasmodium berghei (Pb) NK65 sporozoites or infected red blood cells (iRBCs). Liver parasitic cDNA, parasitemia and serum cytokine concentrations were respectively evaluated through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), staining thin-blood smears with Giemsa solution, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). FINDINGS Although the sporozoite challenges yielded similar liver parasitic cDNA and parasitemia, KO mice presented a prolonged survival than WT mice. After iRBC challenges, KO mice kept displaying higher survival rates as well as a decreased IL-12 p70 concentration in the serum than WT mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that malaria triggered by PbNK65 liver- or blood-stage forms elicit a pro-inflammatory environment that culminates with a decreased survival of infected C57BL/6 mice.

This article looks at Colossians 2-3:17 and John 17:13-26 as the base texts to see the commonalities between Johannine and Pauline conceptions of Theosis. First, the article looks at indwelling and participation as the methods of Theosis in the two traditions. Second, the role of mimesis is seen to be integral in these texts' concepts of Theosis. Third, the article looks at hope and glory that believers have and look forward to as indicative of their deification. The study begins by defining the term Theosis and its cognate terms - deification and divinisation - properly, within an Orthodox Christian context. CONTRIBUTION: The goal is to see and detail the concept of Theosis in Pauline and Johannine literature, looking at Colossians 2-3:17 and John 17:13-26 specifically. As such, the present study will broaden the discussion the doctrine of Theosis as it appears in the Christian scriptures

RESUMEN: El artículo explora la discusión epistémica en torno al conocimiento pedagógico del contenido (PCK), intentando exhibir las razones de la escasa permeabilidad que la teoría ha presentado en su penetración hacia el campo de la educación en las profesiones de salud (EPS). Con este antecedente se arguye que la tesis de la inconmensurabilidad teórica en dos de sus ramas conceptuales: holística y cognitiva/naturalizada, entregan algunos fundamentos epistémicos que explicarían la infertilidad heurística para este ámbito. Como conclusión, se afirma que en el movimiento de teorías entre campos vecinos: Educación y EPS, se advierte una inconmensurabilidad fundamentada en ambas ramas señaladas. Finalmente, los autores proponen que el saber disciplinar de las profesiones constituye la base conceptual para superar la inconmensurabilidad del PCK en el ámbito de la EPS. En términos lógicos, ello, aunque no constituye la condición suficiente, sí corresponde a una condición necesaria para el progreso de la teoría.

ABSTRACT: This article explores the epistemic discussion on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), with the objective of elucidating the reasons for the scarce permeability of this theory in its penetration into the field of health professions education (HPE). This article argues that the incommensurability thesis, including a holistic and a cognitive/naturalized interpretation of the concept, can largely explain the heuristic futility of PCK in this domain to date. As a result, it is affirmed that in the movement of theories between cognate fields: Education and HPE, an incommensurability based on both of these theoretical branches could be noticed. With all above, we propose that the professions’ disciplinary knowledge constitutes the conceptual basis to overcome the incommensurability of PCK in the field of HPE. In logical terms, although this alone does not constitute the most sufficient condition, it corresponds to a necessary condition for the theory progress.

Academic and quantitative literacies (AQL) are essential to success in higher education. These literacies are largely not explicitly taught, but acquired indirectly, mostly through practices in various school subjects. The National Benchmark Tests (NBT) Project assesses students' AQL competencies to assist in identifying students who need support, with placement into appropriate programmes and with curriculum development. We analyse the performance on the NBT AQL test of students who took the school-leaving examinations in Mathematics, Mathematical Literacy, English Home Language and English First Additional Language. We use the subject choice as a representation of the level of a candidate's quantitative competence and language proficiency respectively, and investigate the relative contributions made by these subject choices to a student's AQL. Students who paired Mathematics with English as Home Language subject had the statistically significant highest mean AQL score and those who took both English First Additional Language and Mathematical Literacy had the lowest. Language competence has a stronger effect than mathematical competence on AQL. Students who took the subject combination Mathematics and English Home Language at school are better prepared for the academic demands of higher education than their counterparts who took the alternate subjects. Treating these subjects as equivalent to English Home Language and Mathematics for admissions purposes ignores the differences in preparedness of these students.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los virus se utilizan como herramientas alternativas y complementarias para el tratamiento del cáncer. Los virus oncolíticos exhiben tropismo por tumores, capacidad para intensificar la inmunidad antitumoral y la capacidad para utilizarse en combinación con quimioterapia y radioterapia convencionales. Recientemente, hemos seleccionado algunos aislamientos de rotavirus que están adaptados para infectar y eliminar de manera eficiente líneas de células tumorales. Objetivo: Se ensayaron cinco aislamientos de rotavirus adaptados a células tumorales para determinar su capacidad para infectar la línea celular de adenocarcinoma humano MCF-7. Métodos: Las proteínas asociadas a la membrana de la superficie celular que median la unión de partículas de virus se caracterizaron mediante ELISA, inmunoprecipitación, análisis FACS y bloqueo de anticuerpos. Resultados: Se encontró que las proteínas de choque térmico (HSPs) como Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60 y Hsp40 se expresan en la superficie celular formando complejos con la proteína disulfuro isomerasa (PDI), la integrina β3 y la proteína análoga de choque térmico 70 (Hsc70) en microdominios lipídicos (rafts). La interacción de los aislamientos de rotavirus con estas proteínas celulares se confirmó adicionalmente mediante un ensayo de competición y un ensayo de inhibición que incluía las HSP ensayadas. Conclusión: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los aislamientos de rotavirus adaptados a las células tumorales estudiados aquí ofrecen una herramienta prometedora para eliminar las células tumorales, lo que estimula más investigaciones sobre este tema, incluidos los modelos animales.

Abstract Background: Viruses are being used as alternative and complementary tools for treating cancers. Oncolytic viruses exhibit tumor tropism, ability to enhance anti-tumor immunity and ability to be used in combination with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We have recently selected some rotavirus isolates which are adapted to efficiently infect and kill tumor cell lines. Aim: We tested five tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates for their ability to infect the human adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7. Methods: Cell surface membrane-associated proteins mediating virus particle attachment were characterized using ELISA, immunoprecipitation, FACS analysis, and antibody blocking. Results: It was found that heat shock proteins (HSPs) such as Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, and Hsp40 are expressed on the cell surface forming complexes with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), integrin β3, and heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) in lipid raft microdomains. Interaction of rotavirus isolates with these cellular proteins was further confirmed by a competition assay and an inhibition assay involving the HSPs tested. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the tumor cell-adapted rotavirus isolates studied here offer a promising tool for killing tumor cells, thus encouraging further research into this topic, including animal models.

Resumo Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de um experimento conduzido com o objetivo de investigar o efeito de cognatos triplos no acesso lexical de falantes de inglês (L3), alemão (L2), e português brasileiro (L1). Os participantes desempenharam uma tarefa de leitura, contendo 60 sentenças experimentais com as seguintes palavras críticas: cognatos triplos, cognatos duplos entre o português brasileiro e o inglês, e cognatos duplos entre o alemão e o inglês. Os movimentos dos olhos dos participantes foram monitorados enquanto eles desempenhavam a tarefa. As medidas de primeira fixação e tempo de primeira leitura foram analisadas. Os resultados sugerem que os cognatos triplos foram processados mais rapidamente do que seus respectivos controles para as medidas de primeira fixação (M: 264/311ms (cognato/controle); p=0,03) e primeira leitura (M: 407/448ms (cognato/controle); p=0,05), o que foi interpretado como evidência de um acesso lexical não seletivo e de um léxico integrado para as línguas do multilíngue. Adicionalmente, os resultados contribuem para a literatura sobre acesso lexical de multilíngues, favorecendo a visão de que todas as línguas do multilíngue se encontram ativadas, mesmo quando o falante tem a intenção de usar apenas uma dessas línguas.

Abstract In this paper, the results of an experimental study carried out in order to investigate the effect of triple cognates in the lexical access of speakers of English (L3), German (L2), and Brazilian Portuguese (L1) is presented. Participants performed a reading task, containing 60 experimental sentences with the following critical words: triple cognates, double cognates between Brazilian Portuguese and English, and double cognates between German and English. Participants’ eye movements were recorded while they performed the task. The measures of first fixation and first reading pass times were analyzed. The results suggested that triple cognates were processed faster than their respective controls in first fixation (M: 264/311ms (cognate/control); p=0,03) and first pass (M: 407/448ms (cognate/control); p=0,05), which was interpreted as evidence of a nonselective lexical access and an integrated lexicon for the multilinguals’ languages. In addition, these results contribute to the literature of lexical access of multilinguals, favoring the view that all the languages of a multilingual are active even when the speaker intends to use only one language.

RESUMO O fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1 (IGF-1) é considerado um agente terapêutico clinicamente significativo contra várias condições patológicas. Recentemente, a tecnologia de DNA recombinante (rDNA) permitiu a produção de muitos medicamentos de origem rDNA, incluindo o IGF-1. Garantir um suprimento prontamente disponível de IGF-1 é inestimável para pesquisas clínicas e domínios biotecnológicos. Neste trabalho, relata-se a clonagem de um cDNA de IGF-1 bovino de comprimento total e a expressão bem-sucedida de sua proteína IGF-1 recombinante cognata. O cDNA de cadeia simples foi preparado a partir de tecidos do fígado, por meio da transcrição reversa específica (RT) do mRNA de IGF-1. Posteriormente, um amplificador de PCR de ~ 543pb foi amplificado com sucesso. O vetor pTARGET™ recombinante contendo a inserção de IGF-1 foi clonado com sucesso em células competentes E. coli JM109. A análise por SDS-PAGE revelou que o IGF-1 recombinante foi expresso no tamanho esperado de 7,6kDa. O resultado fornece uma base robusta para a transferência do vetor pTARGETTMTM recombinante, abrigando a inserção de cDNA de IGF-1 em células de mamíferos. Verificou-se que a concentração inicial ideal de glicose é 10g/L, com a concentração de proteína correspondente de 6,2g/L. A proteína IGF-1 recombinante bruta de atividade biológica proliferativa foi verificada nas linhas celulares HeLa. É previsto que isso facilite a produção da proteína IGF-1 recombinante em larga escala, permitindo, assim, uma investigação completa dos seus efeitos clínicos e farmacêuticos.

ABSTRACT Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is regarded as a crucial clinically significant therapeutic agent against several pathological conditions. Recently, recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology has enabled the production of many drugs of rDNA-origin including IGF-1. Securing a readily available supply of IGF-1 is invaluable to clinical research and biotechnological domains. In this work, the cloning of a full-length bovine IGF-1 cDNA and the successful expression of its cognate recombinant IGF-1 protein is reported. Single-strand cDNA was prepared from liver tissues, through the specific reverse transcription (RT) of IGF-1 mRNA. Subsequently, a PCR amplicon of ~543bp was successfully amplified. Recombinant pTARGET™ vector harboring IGF-1 insert was successfully cloned into competent E. coli JM109 cells. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the recombinant IGF-1 has been expressed at the expected size of 7.6kDa. The outcome provides a robust basis for transecting the recombinant pTARGETTM vector, harboring the IGF-1 cDNA insert, into mammalian cells. Optimal initial glucose concentration was found to be 10g/l with corresponding protein concentration of 6.2g/l. The proliferative biological activity crude recombinant IGF-1 protein was verified on HeLa cell lines. This is envisaged to facilitate large-scale production of recombinant IGF-1 protein, thereby enabling thorough investigation of its clinical and pharmaceutical effects.

RESUMO O hino cristológico da Carta aos Filipenses começa com a frase hós en morphéi theoû hupárchōn (Fl 2,6a). O presente artigo tem como objetivo mostrar como essa frase aparece traduzida nas edições da Bíblia em circulação no Brasil, bem como explorar as interpretações que lhe foram dadas em notas. A atenção será para a tradução da palavra morphé, que ocorre também no versículo seguinte, na expressão morphēn doúlon labón (Fl 2,7b), e ainda em Mc 16,12. Após essa apresentação, também será dado o significado de morphē em dicionários, suas ocorrências na Septuaginta, e as ocorrências de palavras cognatas no Novo Testamento. A questão que norteia a pesquisa é a da possibilidade da utilização, em vista da tradução, de algum significado derivado de morphē, uma vez que seu significado principal, forma, causa estranheza na expressão: “forma de Deus”.

ABSTRACT The Christological hymn of the Letter to the Philippians begins with the phrase hós en morphēi theoûhupárchōn (Phil 2:6a). This article aims to show how this phrase is variously translated among different editions of the Bible in circulation in Brazil, as well as to explore the interpretations that were added to it in their corresponding notes. Attention will be given to the translation of the word morphē, which occurs not only in the following verse, in the expression morphēn doúlon labón (Phil 2:7), but also in Mc 16:12. After this presentation, the meaning of the word morphē in dictionaries, its occurrences in the Septuagint, and the occurrences of cognate words in the New Testament will also be explored. This research investigates the possibility of using an alternative translation for the term morphé since its primary meaning, form, causes strangeness in the expression: “form of God”.

Abstract This study aims at showing how L1 word stress affects L2 word naming for cognates and non-cognates in two lexical stress languages, Brazilian Portuguese (BP, L1) and American English (AE, L2). Based on the bilingualism literature, there are indications that the access to the lexicon is non-selective, thus, cognate words would have a facilitation effect in recognition in L2 and in L1. Our hypothesis is that co-defining features of words, such as word stress, would be more activated by cognate word pairs in the target language of use. In a first experiment with low frequency cognate words of English and Portuguese (Post da Silveira, et. al. 2014), we noticed that the low frequency caused word stress dominance in bilinguals to emerge in production. We hypothesize that words of higher frequency in the lexicons will provide more lexical effects of word stress than low frequency words. In order to test this hypothesis, in Experiment 1 of this study, Brazilian Portuguese (BP)-American English (AE) bilinguals named a mixed list of disyllabic moderate frequency words in L1 (Portuguese) and L2 (English). In Experiment 2, BP-AE bilinguals named English (L2) disyllabic target words presented simultaneously with auditory Portuguese (L1) disyllabic primes. Voice-onset-times, which will be called Reaction Times along the task, were measured. Our results led to the conclusion that word stress is actually a co-defining lexical feature, because it is directly affected by lexical frequency. We also noticed that word stress has a task-dependent role to play in bilingual word naming. Given the findings of this study, we advocate that word stress must be incorporated in bilingual models of lexical production, lexical perception and reading aloud.

ORIENTATION: When opening any newspaper across the globe, the dominant narrative appears to be a driving obsessive preoccupation with how leaders consciously and often unconsciously create a working environment that serves their personal interests, fears and desires. This treacherous preoccupation inevitably influences a person's leadership style and leadership agenda and therefore stands in direct opposition to what come to be known as servant leadership. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to validate the 7-item servant leadership questionnaire (SLQ7) within the South African context. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Owing to the emergence of the notion of servant leadership in South Africa, there exists a need for a valid measure of servant leadership in an organisational setting. Many leadership instruments developed in foreign countries (also the SLQ) are merely used by leadership scholars without assessing its transferability to that specific context, and this poses scientific and ethical challenges. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: A convenience sample of 1764 respondents, employed in both private and public sectors (employed in 31 different organisations), relatively well representative of the South African workforce in general, was used for this study. MAIN FINDINGS: An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis yielded a one-factor solution of servant leadership that has acceptable psychometric and fit properties. The instrument was further found to have adequate convergent validity (compared with cognate leadership and organisational behaviour constructs PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The SLQ7 version was found to be suitable for use across different samples, including the private and public sectors, and could be used with confidence within the South African context. CONTRIBUTION/VALU E-ADD: This study's contribution to science, practice and the community is based on the importance of the servant leadership construct when leading people, specifically in the South African (and African) context. The study confirms the servant leadership scale as a valid and reliable measuring instrument in the South African context and, determines how servant leadership impacts organisational behaviour within the South African and African context.