The background of this research is the status and significance of an ethics of care of the self in the history of morality. I followed the following methodology: I attempted to come to nuanced, critical understanding of the Foucault's conceptualisation of morality in Volumes II and III of The History of Sexuality. In the 'Ancients', Foucault uncovered an 'ethics-oriented' as opposed to a 'code-oriented' morality in which the emphasis shifted to how an individual was supposed to constitute himself as an ethical subject of his own action without denying the importance of either the moral code or the actual behaviour of people. The main question was whether care of the self-sufficiently regulated an individual's conduct towards others to prevent the self from lapsing into narcissism, substituting a generous responsiveness towards the other for a means-end rationale. I put this line of critique to test by confronting Foucault's care of the self with Levinas's primordial responsibility towards the other and put forward a case for the indispensability of aesthetics for ethics. In conclusion, I defended the claim that care of the self does indeed foster other responsiveness. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND INTERDISCIPLINARY IMPLICATIONS: Foucault's ethics, understood as an 'aesthetics of existence' has profound intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary implications, as it challenges traditional ethical normative ethical theories and engages with various fields of philosophy, social sciences and humanities. Interdisciplinary fields greatly influenced by Foucault's ethics include: psychology, literary, cultural, gender and sexuality studies, medical ethics, anthropology and history, among others

ORIENTATION: Commitment, well-being and employer loyalty affect nurse retention. Literature shows that nurses are leaving the workforce at an alarming rate and that various factors are causing them to leave their employers RESEARCH PURPOSE: The main aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the ethical work climate in the organisation on nurses' commitment MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: The health sector is essential in promoting mental, physical and emotional health but faces a shortage of skilled workers. The work ethics climate (WEC) can play a crucial role in retaining skills RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: A quantitative research approach was adopted in a non-probability convenience sample of 208 permanent nurses from a South African public hospital. Participants completed self-assessments on an ethical climate questionnaire and an organisational commitment scale (OCS), and regression analysis was used to analyse the data MAIN FINDINGS: Work ethics climate correlated with nurses' affective, continuance and normative commitment. In addition, the results indicated that WEC predicted nurses' commitment PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Public hospitals in South Africa should create policies, laws and procedures that encourage ethical behaviour characterised by honesty, justice and dignity to boost nurse commitment. Thus, the South African hospital should foster an ethical workplace and implement an ethical code CONTRIBUTION/VALUE ADD: This study contributes to the theory of ethical work climate and ethical behaviour by suggesting that nurses who positively perceive policies, rules and hospitals that have clear regulations are more likely to engage

Abstract The principles of bioethics are characterized by a particular singularity that allows for a range of rights and obligations in the doctor-patient relationship, permitting or not the disclosure of personal information, notably when it is the decision of the latter. The problem addressed in this research concerns the possibility of the doctor relativizing the sharing of the confidentiality of the information obtained from their patient. This is a qualitative and exploratory research, based mainly on the deductive method. Through bibliographic, documentary and jurisprudential review, we present the concept, extent, and exceptions to the duty of medical confidentiality and its relation to bioethics, with a focus on legal and deontological norms and their reflections on various social facts, occurring in Portugal and Brazil. However, we will limit our approach to the connection between medicine and law, in light of a recent court decision that led to the dismissal of a criminal case initiated after the doctor reported a patient's abortion to the police, who sought medical attention after ingesting an abortifacient drug. We will describe aspects related to the doctor-patient commitment and its implications in cases where the ethical behavior of the medical professional is deviant.

Resumo Os princípios da bioética são revestidos de particular singularidade que possibilitam uma gama de direitos e obrigações à relação médico-paciente, permitindo ou não a revelação de informações pessoais, notadamente quando esta for a decisão deste último. O problema da presente pesquisa versa sobre a possibilidade de o médico relativizar o compartilhamento do sigilo das informações obtidas de seu paciente. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, que se utiliza do método dedutivo para fazer uma revisão bibliográfica, documental e de recortes da jurisprudência, apresentando o conceito, extensão e exceção ao dever de guarda do sigilo médico e sua relação diante da bioética, com os olhos voltados para as normas legais e deontológicas e seus reflexos em diversos fatos sociais, ocorridos em Portugal e no Brasil. Entretanto, delimitaremos a abordagem à conexão da medicina com o direito, diante de recente decisão judicial que arquivou um processo criminal instaurado após a comunicação do médico à autoridade policial de um aborto praticado por sua paciente, que procurou atendimento após ingerir medicamento abortivo. Serão descritos aspectos ligados ao compromisso médico-paciente e suas implicações no caso de o comportamento ético do profissional médico se manifestar desviante.

Abstract: In August 2018, the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), the body responsible for the supervision and standardization of medical professional practice in Brazil, published a national code of ethics for medical students (CEMS), which standardizes and suggests behaviors, based on the best moral and ethical values, for medical students, supporting the humanization of medicine and indirectly helping teachers and managers of medical courses. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dissemination and awareness of scientific publications on the Brazilian CEMS code, and consisted of an integrative literature review of all publications related to the Brazilian CEMS published from 2005 to the present. We found 4 studies related to regional and university codes of ethics for medical students published from 2005 to 2022, and regarding the CEMS elaborated by the FCM, we found a single study from its launch in 2018 to 2022. A CEMS has universal importance, facilitating the ethical and human development of future physicians, and despite its importance in the training of physicians, there is a lack of published research on the subject in Brazil.

Resumen: En agosto de 2018, el Consejo Federal de Medicina (CFM), órgano responsable de la supervisión y normalización de la práctica profesional médica en Brasil, publicó un código nacional de ética para estudiantes de medicina (CEMS), que normaliza y sugiere conductas, basadas en los mejores valores morales y éticos, para los estudiantes de medicina, apoyando la humanización de la medicina y ayudando indirectamente a los profesores y gestores de los cursos de medicina. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la difusión y el conocimiento de las publicaciones científicas sobre el código de la CEMS brasileña, y consistió en una revisión bibliográfica integradora de todas las publicaciones relacionadas con la CEMS brasileña publicadas desde 2005 hasta la actualidad. Encontramos 4 estudios relacionados con códigos de ética regionales y universitarios para estudiantes de medicina publicados desde 2005 hasta 2022, y con respecto a los CEMS elaborados por la FCM, encontramos un único estudio desde su lanzamiento en 2018 hasta 2022. Un CEMS tiene importancia universal, facilitando el desarrollo ético y humano de los futuros médicos, y, a pesar de su importancia en la formación de los médicos, falta investigación publicada sobre el tema en Brasil.

Resumo: Em agosto de 2018, o Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), órgão responsável pela fiscalização e normatização do exercício profissional médico no Brasil, publicou um código nacional de ética do estudante de medicina (CEMS), que padroniza e sugere condutas, com base nos melhores valores morais e éticos, para os estudantes de medicina, apoiando a humanização da medicina e auxiliando indiretamente os professores e gestores dos cursos de medicina. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a disseminação e a conscientização das publicações científicas sobre o código CEMS brasileiro, e consistiu em uma revisão integrativa da literatura de todas as publicações relacionadas ao CEMS brasileiro publicadas de 2005 até o presente. Encontramos 4 estudos relacionados a códigos de ética regionais e universitários para estudantes de medicina publicados de 2005 a 2022 e, com relação ao CEMS elaborado pela FCM, encontramos um único estudo desde seu lançamento em 2018 até 2022. Um CEMS tem importância universal, facilitando o desenvolvimento ético e humano dos futuros médicos, e, apesar de sua importância na formação dos médicos, há uma carência de pesquisas publicadas sobre o assunto no Brasil.

Abstract: In August 2018, the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), the body responsible for the supervision and standardization of medical professional practice in Brazil, published a national code of ethics for medical students (CEMS), which standardizes and suggests behaviors, based on the best moral and ethical values, for medical students, supporting the humanization of medicine and indirectly helping teachers and managers of medical courses. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the dissemination and awareness of scientific publications on the Brazilian CEMS code and consisted of an integrative literature review of all publications related to the Brazilian CEMS published from 2005 to the present. We found 4 studies related to regional and university codes of ethics for medical students published from 2005 to 2022, and regarding the CEMS elaborated by the FCM, we found a single study from its launch in 2018 to 2022. A CEMS has universal importance, facilitating the ethical and human development of future physicians, and despite its importance in the training of physicians, there is a lack of published research on the subject in Brazil.

Resumen: En agosto de 2018, el Consejo Federal de Medicina (CFM), órgano responsable de la supervisión y normalización de la práctica profesional médica en Brasil, publicó un código nacional de ética para estudiantes de medicina (CEMS), que normaliza y sugiere conductas, basadas en los mejores valores morales y éticos, para los estudiantes de medicina, apoyando la humanización de la medicina y ayudando indirectamente a los profesores y gestores de los cursos de medicina. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar la difusión y el conocimiento de las publicaciones científicas sobre el código de la CEMS brasileña, y consistió en una revisión bibliográfica integradora de las publicaciones relacionadas con la CEMS brasileña publicadas desde 2005 hasta la actualidad. Encontramos 4 estudios relacionados con códigos de ética regionales y universitarios para estudiantes de medicina publicados desde 2005 hasta 2022, y, respecto de los CEMS elaborados por la FCM, encontramos un único estudio desde su lanzamiento en 2018 hasta 2022. Un CEMS tiene importancia universal, facilitando el desarrollo ético y humano de los futuros médicos, y, a pesar de su importancia en la formación de los médicos, falta investigación publicada sobre el tema en Brasil.

Resumo: Em agosto de 2018, o Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), órgão responsável pela fiscalização e normatização do exercício profissional médico no Brasil, publicou um código nacional de ética do estudante de medicina (CEMS), que padroniza e sugere condutas, com base nos melhores valores morais e éticos, para os estudantes de medicina, apoiando a humanização da medicina e auxiliando indiretamente os professores e gestores dos cursos de medicina. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a disseminação e a conscientização das publicações científicas sobre o código CEMS brasileiro, e consistiu em uma revisão integrativa da literatura de todas as publicações relacionadas ao CEMS brasileiro publicadas de 2005 até o presente. Encontramos 4 estudos relacionados a códigos de ética regionais e universitários para estudantes de medicina publicados de 2005 a 2022 e, com relação ao CEMS elaborado pela FCM, encontramos um único estudo desde seu lançamento em 2018 até 2022. Um CEMS tem importância universal, facilitando o desenvolvimento ético e humano dos futuros médicos, e, apesar de sua importância na formação dos médicos, há uma carência de pesquisas publicadas sobre o assunto no Brasil.

Positive consideration of software engineering codes of ethics by computing educators promotes inclusion in the teaching of software development courses. For computing educators, this is significant because they contribute immensely to the development of software engineering graduates, not only in terms of teaching technical skills but also in ethical development. This study aims to investigate the perceived importance of codes of ethics by lecturers who teach software development courses at a University of Technology in South Africa. The data was collected using an online survey from 103 educators from two computing departments in a South African UoT; 44 responses were received. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to evaluate the responses; the Pearson Chi-square test was applied to assess the level of association between variables of interest for more conclusive results in addressing the objective of the study. The results of this study indicated that the majority of participants were males; female participants amounted only to 18.2 per cent. Results also reported that most participants agreed with all the statements tested to determine the perceived importance of Software Engineering Codes of Ethics to educators. In addition, an association was presented between the importance of a software engineering code of ethics to an educator and three other variables (the need to teach students about ethical behaviour, an obligation for software engineers to consider the ethical implications of their systems and sex of the respondents) respectively. This study recommended that institutions of higher learning consider finding permanent ways of inculcating a culture of ethical conduct into its staff members, encouraging educators to take up professional memberships with professional bodies. These measures will ensure that software development educators are trained to maintain high standards within their profession, embracing the use and adherence to a code of ethics in the teaching of software development courses.

Based on 14 months of ethnographic research, this article examines how African Muslim migrants build and maintain faith-based business ethics and how they apply these ethical business norms to help navigate their transnational lives in Guangzhou, China. Most of the African Muslim migrants included in the study are small-scale business owners who engage in semi-formal economic activities in both local and home markets. They face racial, cultural, and legal challenges on a daily basis. Unable to access formal means of support due to their precarious economic and legal status, many African Muslim small-business owners rely on informal business ethics to ensure a safe trading environment and mitigate risk. Their business ethics, I argue, are rooted in what I term "religious common ground" - the moral and ethical values shared among migrants from different Muslim groups. This article also explores the enforcing mechanisms of African Muslim small-scale business owners' business ethics, such as mosques and co-religion business networks. This article concludes that there is no universal, standard code of conduct among African Muslim business owners in Guangzhou. Individuals among different Muslim communities have diverse interpretations of business ethics and practice them differently based on their nationality, ethnicity, religious habits, and socio-cultural backgrounds. This article contributes to a small but important literature that addresses the central role that religion plays in Muslim migrants' business practices in a non-Muslim society.

ABSTRACT The article analyzes, in accordance with legal ethics provisions, the behavior of a lawyer who pretends to litigate in his own name but he actually is doing so for the interest of a third party whose identity remains hidden. This conduct is called sham litigation and the lawyer who displays it, sham litigator. CEP of 1948 and 2011 have not expressly penalized sham litigants, but disciplinary rulings have sentenced them in application of general duties ( e.g ., the duty of candor before court). A similar trend exists in comparative law, judging it as deviance from due professional conduct. Comparative law also shows that the identity of plaintiffs is not protected by the duty of confidentiality. The article begins by describing CEP 2011 rules which justify penalizing apparent litigants. Then it refers to the rules of CEP 1948 and the case law developed by the Chilean Bar Association in this regard. Subsequently, it deals with sham litigation in comparative law. It then considers two additional issues: the possibility that the sham litigation is covered by the duty of confidentiality in Chile and whether the law on appearance in court could authorize sham litigation.

RESUMEN El artículo analiza, a la luz de la ética profesional de la abogacía, la conducta de un abogado que simula litigar a nombre propio en circunstancias que lo hace por el interés de un tercero, cuya identidad permanece oculta. Esta conducta es llamada litigación aparente y el abogado que la despliega, litigante aparente. Los CEP de 1948 y de 2011 no han condenado expresamente al litigante aparente, pero la jurisprudencia sí sobre la base de deberes generales ( v.gr ., el deber de honradez ante el tribunal). Existe una tendencia similar en el derecho comparado, por desviación del correcto actuar profesional. El derecho comparado muestra, además, que la identidad de la persona que acciona no está amparada por el deber de confidencialidad. El artículo comienza describiendo las reglas del CEP de 2011, que justifican la condena del litigante aparente. Luego, se refiere a las reglas del CEP de 1948 y la jurisprudencia que el Colegio de Abogados desarrolló al respecto. Después, aborda la litigación aparente en el derecho comparado. Finaliza considerando dos puntos adicionales: la posibilidad de que el litigante aparente esté cubierto por el deber de confidencialidad en Chile y si la legislación sobre comparecencia en juicio podría autorizar la litigación aparente.

Resumen Debido a los escándalos financieros presentes desde hace décadas, las empresas buscan mayores controles que apoyen el debido cumplimiento de todo tipo de actividades que realizan con diversos agentes con los que trabaja. Un control es establecer un Código de ética empresarial. El propósito de este trabajo fue identificar la percepción que tienen los estudiantes-empleados de empresas de Mérida, México, con respecto a las nociones de ética empresarial en el desarrollo de sus actividades en donde trabajan. Se obtuvo información de fuentes primarias, al utilizar una encuesta con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Los resultados indican que, en las pymes, los empleados consideren de importancia el establecimiento de un Código de Ética. La mayoría de los encuestados define la ética como “la buena actuación profesional” (65.56%), seguido por “Buen sentido común” (31.48%). Los encuestados consideran que “los valores éticos en la empresa les ayudan a:” guiar acciones (47.04%), a ser mejores personas (30.00%), a progresar (20.37%) o a cumplir requisitos (2.59%). Los resultados obtenidos indican que en un 51.11% de las empresas no existe un código de ética, sin embargo, el 71.85% de los encuestados indicó que se establece un compromiso de comportamiento ético como trabajador de la empresa cuando lo deseable sería la formalización de estos compromisos por medio de códigos. Quienes contestaron consideran que la información adecuada, oportuna y periódica sobre el cumplimiento de reglas, objetivos y metas en su empresa es, con un 95%, de importancia de conocer para poder contribuir en sus logros.

Abstract Due to financial scandals occurring decades ago, companies have had to find significant controls that support due compliance of all activities that are carried out with various agents with whom they work. The establishment of a Business Ethics Code is a good control. This work´s general purpose was to identify student-employees´ of companies in Mérida perception regarding notions related to corporate ethics in the development of their work. Information was obtained from primary sources, conducting a survey using non-probability & convenience sampling. Results show that in SMEs, employees are likely to consider the establishment of an Ethics Code. Outcomes display that respondents define ethics as "good performance" (65.56%), followed by "good common sense" (31.48%). Respondents ponder that ethical values in the company help them to: guide actions (47.04%), to be a better person (30.00%), to progress (20.37%) and to meet requirements (2.59%). Upshots indicate that 51.11% of the companies’ don´t have an ethics code, but 71.85% of respondents specified that, as workers, an ethical behavior commitment is established with the company, therefore, the proper formalization of these commitments through a code would be desirable. 95% of those who answered, consider that adequate, timely and periodic information on rules, objectives and goals compliance in their company are of importance to know how to contribute to their achievements.

Resumo Devido aos escândalos financeiros que têm ocorrido ao longo de décadas, as empresas tiveram de encontrar controlos que suportem o devido cumprimento de todo o tipo de atividades que são realizadas com os vários agentes com os quais trabalham. Um controle é o estabelecimento de um Código de Ética Empresarial. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi identificar a percepção que os alunos-funcionários de empresas de Mérida, México têm sobre as noções relacionadas à ética empresarial no desenvolvimento das atividades da empresa onde realizam seu trabalho. Foram obtidas informações de fontes primárias, utilizando um inquérito com amostragem não probabilística por conveniência. Os resultados indicam que, nas PME, os empregados consideram de importância o estabelecimento de um Código de Ética. Os entrevistados definem a ética como "a boa atuação profissional" (65.56%), seguido por "Bom senso" (31.48%). Os entrevistados consideram que "os valores éticos na empresa os ajudam a:" guiar ações (47.04%), a ser melhores pessoas (30.00%), a progredir (20.37%) ou a cumprir requisitos (2.59%). Os resultados obtidos indicam que em 51,11% das empresas não existe um código de ética, no entanto, 71.85% dos entrevistados indicou que se estabelece um compromisso de comportamento ético como trabalhador da empresa quando o desejável seria a formalização destes compromissos por meio de códigos. Aqueles que responderam consideram que a informação adequada, oportuna e periódica sobre o cumprimento de regras, objetivos e metas em sua empresa é, com 95%, de importância de conhecer para poder contribuir em suas conquistas

Abstract Medical ethicists have questioned the use of no-treatment controlled studies (placebo and sham procedure) of new therapies when safe and effective standard therapies are available for use as an active or “equivalence” control. Currently, ethical and conduct principles for biomedical research specifically prohibit projects that do not make or deny the “best-proven diagnosis and therapeutic treatment” to any participant in a clinical trial, including individuals who consent to randomisation into a control group. Studies of psychophysiological therapies are often criticised for not having a placebo or sham treatment control group. In sports science research, particularly in the case of clinical exercise, the use of control groups also raises ethical questions. This article briefly reviews the problem and discusses the ethical standards governing human research derived from the Nuremberg Code and the Declaration of Helsinki.

Adoption involves dealing with legal and ethical complexities, competing rights and addressing the long-term implications for those involved. The principle of the best interests of children and protecting their rights must guide the process. Currently, no ethical guidelines are in place to address South African adoption practices. This article focuses on the findings of a rapid review of relevant national and international ethics documents and adoption guidelines. The Delphi method was used to identify the challenges in adoption-related practices, as well as to develop and refine ethical guidelines for South African adoption social workers, to be included in the South African Council for Social Service Professions Policy Guidelines for Course of Conduct, Code of Ethics, and the Rules for Social Workers.

Abstract Organizations that aspire to obtain long-term results must correctly manage compliance with laws, regulations, codes, international standards and best practices related to ethics and society's expectations. This research aims to development a procedure to manage compliance risks with a focus on organizational values. The paper includes the main stages of traditional risk analysis: analysis of the organizational context, identification of obligations, evaluation and assessment of compliance risks and their treatment through action plans. As the main novelty, the authors include a tool that allows the integration of the elements of the context, with the identified obligations, their associated risks and the ethical values shared by the organization, called CORVAL map. The results of the implementation of the procedure in the process of Production of Computer Services in an cuban entity allow to identify as main risks: illicit contractual relations, lack of knowledge of the code of conduct by the workers, affectations to the prestige of the organization and high rates of electric energy consumption, identifying the shared value Responsibility and its associated behavior, as the most influential principle in the mitigation of the risks of compliance of the process.

Abstract Organizations that aspire to obtain long-term results must correctly manage compliance with laws, regulations, codes, international standards and best practices related to ethics and society's expectations. This research aims to development a procedure to manage compliance risks with a focus on organizational values. The paper includes the main stages of traditional risk analysis: analysis of the organizational context, identification of obligations, evaluation and assessment of compliance risks and their treatment through action plans. As the main novelty, the authors include a tool that allows the integration of the elements of the context, with the identified obligations, their associated risks and the ethical values shared by the organization, called CORVAL map. The results of the implementation of the procedure in the process of Production of Computer Services in an cuban entity allow to identify as main risks: illicit contractual relations, lack of knowledge of the code of conduct by the workers, affectations to the prestige of the organization and high rates of electric energy consumption, identifying the shared value Responsibility and its associated behavior, as the most influential principle in the mitigation of the risks of compliance of the process.

Resumen Las organizaciones que aspiran obtener resultados a largo plazo deben gestionar correctamente el cumplimiento con las leyes, reglamentos, códigos, estándares internacionales y mejores prácticas relacionadas con la ética y expectativas de la sociedad. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo desarrollar un procedimiento para la gestión de riesgos de cumplimiento con enfoque en valores organizacionales. El artículo incluye las principales etapas del análisis tradicional de riesgos: análisis del contexto organizacional, identificación de las obligaciones, evaluación y valoración de los riesgos de cumplimiento y el tratamiento de estos a través de planes de acciones. Como principal novedad, los autores incluyen una herramienta que permite integrar los elementos del contexto, con las obligaciones identificadas, sus riesgos asociados y los valores éticos compartidos por la organización, denominada mapa CORVAL. Los resultados de la implantación en el proceso de Producción de Servicios Informáticos en una entidad cubana permiten identificar como principales riesgos: las relaciones contractuales ilícitas, el desconocimiento del código de conducta por parte de los trabajadores, las afectaciones al prestigio de la organización y altos índices de consumo de energía eléctrica, identificándose el valor compartido Responsabilidad y su comportamiento asociado, como el principio más influyente en la mitigación de los riesgos de cumplimiento del proceso.

Abstract: Introduction: Complaints about medical malpractice are frequent. Therefore, investigating how the medical student formation is made concerning the ethical and legal aspects, can contribute to its improvement. Objective: To evaluate and compare the level of knowledge of medical students from a university about ethical and legal aspects of the profession, based on their formation in the disciplines of the related axis (Medical Ethics and Bioethics; Legal Medicine and Deontology/Medical Forensics and Good Practice). Method: Cross-sectional study carried out through the application of an online questionnaire (August-November/2020) based on the Code of Medical Ethics (CME) and the Code of Ethics for Medical Student- 10 sociodemographic and 12 objective questions (Topics: “Professional Confidentiality”, “Medical student’s Interpersonal Relations”, “Medical Publicity”, “Relations with Patients and Families”, “Human Rights”, “Fundamental Principles”, “Medical Activity” and “Telemedicine”). A total of 116 students were evaluated at the start, middle and end of the medical course. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests were used for comparisons. The Chi-Square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for the association of categorical variables. Results: The performance increased throughout the course, with statistical significance between the average number of correct answers in the 1st, 6th and 10th/12th periods: 5.1; 6.7 and 7.8, (p-value <0.001). The analysis by thematic blocks, on the other hand, did not show a statistical association of correct answers with progress in the medical course (p-value >0.05) for broad-reaching topics and development of competences from the basic cycle, such as “Medical Publicity”, “Relations with Patients and Families”, “Telemedicine” and “Medical Student’s Interpersonal Relations” - with emphasis on the student’s limitations in providing care. As for topics that required competences inherent to the disciplines of the ethical-legal axis, this association was identified (p-value <0.05), as follows: “Professional Confidentiality”, “Human Rights”, “Fundamental Principles”, “Medical Activity” and “Medical Student’s Interpersonal Relations” - specifically on the use of electronics. Finally, the highest percentage of correct answers (95.7%) is associated with “Medical Student’s Interpersonal Relations”, with an emphasis on the student’s limitations. While the lowest rates were found in “Professional Confidentiality” (18.1%), “Medical Activity” (33.6%) and “Human Rights” (25%)”. Conclusion: There is an association between the medical formation proposed by the ethical-legal axis, and the effective increase of the medical student’s level of knowledge concerning the ethical-legal aspects of the profession.

Resumo: Introdução: A literatura refere como frequentes denúncias sobre má prática médica. Logo, a investigação de como é feita a formação do acadêmico de Medicina, no contexto ético-legal, pode contribuir para sua melhoria. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar e comparar o conhecimento de acadêmicos de uma faculdade de Medicina sobre aspectos ético-legais da profissão, a partir de sua formação nas disciplinas do eixo relacionado (“Ética Médica e Bioética”, “Medicina Legal” e “Deontologia/Perícia Médica e Boas Práticas”). Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com aplicação de questionário (agosto-novembro/2020) estruturado no Código de Ética Médica e Código de Ética do Estudante de Medicina - dez questões sociodemográficas e 12 objetivas (temas: “sigilo profissional”, “relações interpessoais do estudante de Medicina”, “publicidade médica”, “relação com pacientes e familiares”, “direitos humanos”, “princípios fundamentais”, “atividade médica” e “telemedicina”). Avaliaram-se 116 alunos: início, meio (durante curso do eixo ético-legal) e final da graduação. Para comparação, utilizaram-se os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e de Dunn. Para associação entre variáveis categóricas, adotaram-se o qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher. Resultado: Identificou-se desempenho crescente com o avançar dos períodos, com diferença estatística entre as médias de acertos do primeiro, sexto e décimo/12°: 5,1; 6,7; e 7,8, (valor-p < 0,001). Já a análise por blocos temáticos não apontou associação estatística dos acertos com avançar na graduação (valor-p > 0,05) para temas de amplo alcance e desenvolvimento das competências desde o ciclo básico, como “publicidade médica”, “relação com pacientes e familiares”, “telemedicina” e “relações interpessoais do estudante de Medicina” - com ênfase em limitações do acadêmico no atendimento. Já para temas que exigiam competências inerentes às disciplinas do eixo ético-legal, encontrou-se tal associação (valor-p < 0,05), sendo: “sigilo profissional”, “direitos humanos”, “princípios fundamentais”, “atividade médica” e “relações interpessoais do estudante de medicina” - especificamente sobre uso de eletrônicos. Por fim, o maior percentual de acertos (95,7%) associa-se às “relações interpessoais do estudante de Medicina”, com ênfase nas limitações do acadêmico. Já as menores taxas apresentaram-se em “sigilo profissional” (18,1%), “atividade médica” (33,6%) e “direitos humanos” (25%)”. Conclusão: Existe associação entre a formação proposta pelo eixo ético-legal e aumento efetivo do nível de conhecimento no acadêmico de Medicina sobre os aspectos ético-legais da profissão.

RESUMO Objetivos: refletir sobre os impactos da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais na prática da enfermagem. Métodos: artigo de reflexão, por meio da coleta intencional de materiais referentes ao tema. Resultados: a legislação regulamenta o sigilo, o tratamento e o compartilhamento dos dados, exigindo medidas de proteção institucionais. À equipe de enfermagem cabe agir preventivamente, tanto na assistência quanto no papel gerencial, a fim de evitar o mau uso dos dados pessoais do paciente. A lei permite a realização de pesquisas acadêmicas desde que a finalidade esteja clara, que a coleta de dados ocorra com um propósito explícito e que seja realizada a anonimização dos dados. Considerações Finais: apesar da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados Pessoais exigir maiores cuidados em relação ao tratamento dos dados, ela é estabelecida em preceitos de boa-fé e em respeito aos direitos do indivíduo, conceitos alinhados ao código de ética da enfermagem. Objetivos Métodos reflexão tema Resultados sigilo institucionais preventivamente gerencial paciente clara Finais boafé boa fé indivíduo

RESUMEN Objetivos: reflexionar sobre los impactos de la Ley General de Protección de Datos Personales en la práctica de enfermería. Métodos: se trata de un artículo reflexivo llevado a cabo mediante una recolección intencional de materiales referentes al tema. Resultados: la legislación regula la confidencialidad, el tratamiento y la puesta en común de los datos, exigiendo medidas institucionales de protección. Corresponde al equipo de enfermería actuar de forma preventiva, tanto en la atención como en la gestión, para evitar el uso indebido de los datos personales de los pacientes. La ley permite la investigación académica siempre que el propósito sea claro, los datos se recojan con un fin explícito y se anonimicen. Consideraciones Finales: aunque la Ley General de Protección de Datos de Carácter Personal exige un cuidado mayor con relación al tratamiento de los datos, se basa en preceptos de buena fe y respeto de los derechos del individuo, conceptos que están en consonancia con el código deontológico de la enfermería. Objetivos Métodos tema Resultados confidencialidad protección preventiva gestión pacientes claro anonimicen Finales individuo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to reflect on the impacts of the General Personal Data Protection Law on Nursing practice. Methods: reflection article, through the intentional collection of materials relating to the topic. Results: legislation regulates confidentiality, processing and data sharing, requiring institutional protection measures. The nursing team is responsible for acting preventively, both in care and in the management role, in order to avoid the misuse of the patient’s personal data. The law allows academic research to be carried out as long as the purpose is clear, data collection occurs with an explicit purpose and data is anonymized. Final Considerations: although the General Personal Data Protection Law requires greater care in relation to data processing, it is established on precepts of good faith and respect for the rights of the individual, concepts aligned with the nursing code of ethics. Objectives practice Methods article topic Results confidentiality sharing measures preventively role patients patient s clear anonymized Considerations individual ethics