This study presents a solution to solid waste problems, focusing on spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and iron ore tailings (IOT) from the Mariana environmental accident in Brazil. The approach involves the production CoFe2O4 from LiBs and IOT, which serves as a catalyst for solar photo-Fenton reactions for methylene blue (MB) decolorization and as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid (AA) detection. Chemical analysis showed recycling potential, with 45.22 ± 0.22% m m−1 Co from LiBs and 14.9 ± 1.5% m m−1 Fe from IOT, determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The sol-gel synthesized CoFe2O4 exhibited a crystallite size of 51.9 ± 1.3 nm and agglomerated crystal clusters. Recycled-CoFe2O4 exhibited a 98.1% MB decolorization efficiency in 60 min under solar irradiation and remained above 92.3% in all 7 reuse cycles. The electrochemical sensor exhibited a coefficient of determination of 0.9987, a sensitivity of 3.352 ± 0.0428 μA mol L−1, and a limit of detection of 0.5511 µM in the concentration range of 1.96 to 23.08 mmol L−1 for AA detection. This study demonstrates the potential of recycled-CoFe2O4 in an environmentally friendly dye removal and as an electrochemical sensor, offering sustainable waste management and resource utilization with solar energy. problems lithiumion lithium ion (LiBs IOT (IOT Brazil CoFeO CoFe O CoFe2O photoFenton photo Fenton (MB (AA 4522 45 22 45.2 022 0 0.22 m1 1 m− 149 14 9 14. 15 5 1.5 ICP OES FAAS. FAAS . (FAAS) solgel sol gel 519 51 51. 13 3 1. clusters RecycledCoFe2O4 RecycledCoFeO Recycled Recycled-CoFe2O 981 98 98.1 6 923 92 92.3 cycles 09987 9987 0.9987 3352 352 3.35 00428 0428 0.042 L1 L 05511 5511 0.551 196 96 1.9 2308 23 08 23.0 L− recycledCoFe2O4 recycledCoFeO recycled recycled-CoFe2O energy 452 4 2 45. 02 0.2 (FAAS RecycledCoFe RecycledCoFe2O 98. 92. 0998 998 0.998 335 35 3.3 0042 042 0.04 0551 551 0.55 19 230 23. recycledCoFe recycledCoFe2O 0. 099 99 0.99 33 3. 004 04 0.0 055 55 0.5 09 0.9 00 05

Abstract The way residents occupy and operate houses influences the energy consumption. The objective of this paper is to findpatterns of occupant behaviour in actual data for thermal performance simulation.Data on occupancy of rooms and operation of doors and windows were obtained through a database created by means of application of questionnaires in low-income houses located in Florianópolis, southern Brazil. The reference profiles were obtained using cluster analysis, hierarchical and non-hierarchical techniques combined. Such profiles were submitted to computer simulations. The results showed significant variability within the clusters regarding the occupancy and operation of doors and windows. It was possible to verify the impact that different profiles have on the performance of the house, either due to occupancy or heat losses and gains from air changes through doors and windows. The combination of these effects resulted in some profiles that were highly vulnerable to external temperature conditions, while others were able to maintain the internal temperatures more constant. It was possible to verify that the use of reference profiles based on actual data lead to more reliable performance indicators. consumption simulationData simulation Data lowincome low income Florianópolis Brazil analysis nonhierarchical non combined simulations house conditions constant indicators

Resumo A forma como os moradores ocupam e operam as casas influencia o consumo de energia. O objetivo deste trabalho é encontrar padrões de comportamento dos moradores em dados reais para fins de simulação do desempenho térmico. Dados sobre ocupação de cômodos e funcionamento de portas e janelas foram obtidos por meio de um banco de dados criado por meio da aplicação de questionários em habitações de interesse social localizadas em Florianópolis. Os perfis de referência foram obtidos por meio de análise de agrupamento, com técnicas hierárquicas e não hierárquicas combinadas. Tais perfis foram submetidos a simulações computacionais. Os resultados mostraram variabilidade significativa entre os grupos quanto à ocupação e operação de portas e janelas. Foi possível verificar o impacto que diferentes perfis têm no desempenho da casa, seja pela ocupação ou pelas perdas de calor e ganhos com as trocas de ar através de portas e janelas. A combinação desses efeitos resultou em alguns perfis altamente vulneráveis às condições de temperatura externa, enquanto outros foram capazes de manter as temperaturas internas mais constantes. Foi possível verificar que a utilização de perfis de referência baseados em dados reais leva a indicadores de desempenho mais confiáveis. energia térmico Florianópolis agrupamento combinadas computacionais casa externa constantes confiáveis

Abstract This research aims to identify the main factors that have been studied about the marketing of services and guest satisfaction in the hotel industry through a review of the literature during the period 2003 to 2023. The research path that was considered was of a qualitative order, since the first attempt was to discover and refine research questions until the main components around the study variables were identified using the database through the LENS platform. ORG, and the use of the VOSviewer tool to carry out bibliometric networks. Two clusters were identified that, through a bibliometric network directed towards the incidence of marketing in the hotel field with emphasis on the hospitality industry, the main study components were distinguished. It can be affirmed that, by effectively linking the advocacy component to human resources towards the organizational goals and objectives, as well as towards the adaptation of the prevailing organizational culture, people can be recruited, developed, encouraged, and retained to gain a competitive advantage; therefore, the success at a strategic and tactical level of a company immersed in the hotel industry.

Resumen Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los principales factores que se han estudiado acerca de la mercadotecnia de servicios y la satisfacción del huésped en la hotelería a través de una revisión de la literatura durante el periodo 2003 a 2023. La ruta de investigación que se consideró fue de orden cualitativo, ya que, se trató primero de descubrir y refinar preguntas de investigación hasta identificar los principales componentes alrededor de las variables de estudio usando la base de datos a través de la plataforma LENS. ORG, y, el uso de la herramienta VOSviewer para realizar redes bibliométricas. Se identificaron dos clústeres que, a través una red bibliométrica dirigida hacia la incidencia de la mercadotecnia en el ámbito hotelero con énfasis en la industria de la hospitalidad se distinguieron los principales componentes de estudio. Se puede afirmar que, al vincular de forma efectiva el componente de incidencia a los recursos humanos hacia las metas y objetivos organizacionales, así también, como hacia la adaptación de la cultura organizacional prevaleciente, las personas pueden ser reclutados, desarrollados, alentados y retenidos para obtener una ventaja competitiva; por lo tanto, el éxito a nivel estratégico y táctico de una empresa inmersa en la industria hotelera.

Abstract: The approach to the urban development plan by Brazilian architect Lucio Costa for the Alagados neighborhood (1972) emphasizes the dimension of social housing in its urban planning, highlighting the incorporations carried out in response to the revisions of the modern movement. The study contextualizes revisionist approaches in urban plans, focusing on housing clusters in superblocks and their relationship with public facilities, bringing out the organicist paradigm, aiming for flexibility in urban planning. An approach is taken that includes a specific architectural historiography and design theory, reviewing Lucio Costa's proposal through the analysis of documents, plans, and works. Given the disagreement between social housing policy based on utopian ideals and real estate interests, Lucio Costa's superblock proposal presents its adaptable morphology, concluding that the implementation of Lucio Costa's proposal could possibly have provided substantial positive results to Alagados.

Resumen: El enfoque del plan de desarrollo urbano del arquitecto brasileño Lucio Costa para el vecindario de Alagados (1972) enfatiza la dimensión de la vivienda social en su planificación urbana, destacando las incorporaciones llevadas a cabo en respuesta a las revisiones del movimiento moderno. El estudio contextualiza los enfoques revisionistas en los planes urbanos, centrándose en los grupos de viviendas en los superbloques y su relación con las instalaciones públicas, lo que resalta el paradigma orgánico, con el objetivo de flexibilidad en la planificación urbana. Se adopta un enfoque que incluye una teoría de historiografía y diseño arquitectónica específica, revisando la propuesta de Lucio Costa a través del análisis de documentos, planes y trabajos. Dado el desacuerdo entre la política de vivienda social basada en ideales utópicos e intereses inmobiliarios, la propuesta de superbloque de Lucio Costa presenta su morfología adaptable, concluyendo que posiblemente la implementación de la propuesta de Lucio Costa podría haber proporcionado resultados positivos sustanciales a los Alagados.

Abstract Objective. To characterize the geographic distribution of dengue and to evaluate the spatial autocorrelation with social and climatic determinants at the census-tract level in two medium sized cities in northwestern Mexico. Methods. In this work we apply spatial analysis ecological tools, such as the Moran’s Index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) method, to examine global and local spatial correlation between incidence of dengue, with socioeconomic and climatic factors at the census tract-level. For the analysis of the spatial clustering, the Getis-Ord method was used to find statistically significant hot spots in each city. Results. Overall, a global spatial autocorrelation could not be identified, although local clusters of a high dengue incidence, soil surface temperature ≤ 31 °C and high degree of social marginalization coincide. Discussion. We found that at the census-tract level in urban settings, socially disadvantaged populations showed higher clusters of dengue when compared to areas with better socioeconomic conditions. A similar spatial pattern was observed in the two study sites, when considering public health conditions and its aggregation with physical attributes using spatial analysis techniques, supporting the application of this technique for a better understanding about the dengue distribution in urban areas.

Resumen Objetivo. Caracterizar la distribución geográfica de dengue confirmado y evaluar su autocorrelación espacial con determinantes sociales y climáticos a nivel de áreas pequeñas, en dos ciudades del noroeste de México. Métodos. En este trabajo se utilizan herramientas de análisis espacial, como el Índice de Moran y el método de Indicadores Locales de Asociación Espacial (LISA), para examinar la correlación espacial, global y local, entre la incidencia de dengue y factores climáticos y socioeconómicos a nivel de área geoestadística básica (AGEB). Para mapear áreas de alto riesgo, se usó el método de agrupamiento espacial de Getis-Ord. Resultados. En general, no identificamos una autocorrelación espacial global, aunque agrupamientos locales de una alta incidencia de dengue, temperatura de la superficie terrestre ≤31 °C y un alto grado de marginación social, coinciden. Discusión. Encontramos que a nivel de áreas pequeñas urbanas, poblaciones con desventaja social agrupan una mayor carga de dengue comparadas con áreas de mejores condiciones socioeconómicas. En los dos sitios de estudio, se encontraron patrones espaciales similares que correlacionaron problemas de salud y características físicas del medio ambiente utilizando os análisis espaciales, lo que soporta la utilidad de su uso sistemático para entender mejor la distribución urbana del dengue.

Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 epidemic has manifested geographically as clusters of high morbidity (hot zones) and as cold spots of low incidence, which have been explained based on social variables. Objective: To characterize morbidity patterns due to COVID-19 in Costa Rica from March 2020 to May 2022 and to explain them through social determinants of health in the geographical context. Methods: An ecological study at the district level was designed with data on vaccination against COVID-19, weekly reports on speed of advance of the epidemic, development level, and other demographic data. Thematic maps were constructed, and spatial morbidity patterns were identified and characterized, which were explained using linear and geographically weighted regression models. Results: In the Greater Metropolitan Area and surrounding area, clusters of hot spots were identified, and cold spots flanked these high-incidence areas. The linear regression model, built from the variables: average number of vaccines per person, speed in weekly case reporting, social development in its economic, educational, and health dimensions, as well as the proportion of overcrowded homes and people born in the outside, explained more than 70 % of the spatial variations of the incidence of cases (crude and standardized by age and sex). The geographically weighted model corrected autocorrelation problems, improving the explanatory capacity to 82 %. Conclusions: morbidity during the COVID-19 epidemic until May 2020 was configured spatially through well-established clusters of hot and cold spots. This structure could be explained from the social determinants of health, proving that effects on morbidity are generated, differentiated territorially.

Resumen Introducción: En distintos países, la epidemia de covid-19 se ha manifestado en el espacio geográfico como conglomerados de alta morbilidad o zonas calientes, y como conglomerados de puntos fríos de baja incidencia, los que han sido explicados a partir de variables sociales. Objetivo: Caracterizar los patrones la morbilidad de covid-19 en Costa Rica entre marzo del 2020 y mayo del 2022, y explicarlos desde los determinantes sociales de la salud en el contexto geográfico. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio ecológico a nivel distrital, con datos sobre vacunación contra covid-19, reportes semanales sobre la velocidad de avance de la epidemia, el nivel de desarrollo, y otros datos demográficos. Se construyeron mapas temáticos, se identificaron y caracterizaron los patrones geoespaciales de la morbilidad explicados a partir de modelos de regresión lineal y geográficamente ponderada. Resultados: Se identificaron conglomerados de puntos calientes en la Gran Área Metropolitana y su entorno, y puntos fríos que flanquean esta zona de alta incidencia. El modelo de regresión lineal que incluyó el promedio de vacunas por persona, la velocidad en el reporte de casos semanal, el desarrollo social en sus dimensiones económica, educacional y sanitaria, así como la proporción de viviendas hacinadas y de personas nacidas en el exterior, explicó más del 70 % de las variaciones espaciales de la incidencia de casos (bruta y estandarizada por edad y sexo). El modelo geográficamente ponderado corrigió problemas de autocorrelación mejorando la capacidad explicativa a un 82 %. Conclusiones: La morbilidad durante la epidemia de covid-19, en Costa Rica, durante el período evaluado, se configuró mediante conglomerados espaciales de puntos calientes y fríos muy bien establecidos. Esta estructura se pudo explicar desde los determinantes sociales de la salud, comprobando que se generan efectos en la morbilidad, diferenciados territorialmente.

SUMMARY: The hypothalamic peptide orexin has a prominent role in arousal-related processes. Parvalbumin (PV) positive neurons, as one of the most important subtypes of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons, which also participate in sleep-wake regulation. To broaden the understanding of the neural control and connection between these two types of neurons in the sleep associated nuclei, a double-label immunohistochemical method was used to investigate the overlap between PV immunopositive distributions and projections of orexin neurons in mouse brain. In the basal forebrain, overlap was observed in the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB), magnocellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO), substantia innominata (SI), but avoided the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC). In the diencephalon, this dual innervation extended in the direction near the edge of the 3rd ventricle (3V) to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), although the density of PV neurons there was somewhat lighter. Orexin immunoreactive neurons in several lateral hypothalamic areas (LH) were embedded within dense clusters of PV processes when the buttons of orexin were in obvious contact with PV immunoreactivity. In the remainder of hypothalamus, mainly including the ventral tuberomammillary nucleus (VTM), there were few fine orexin fibers and buttons contact with PV soma. Intermingled orexin and PV immunoreactivity were observed in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and sparse overlap was observed in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VLPAG) and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) in the brainstem. Thus, these two different types of neurons, originating in different parts of the brain, together target several brain regions and brainstem monoaminergic nuclei involved in the roles of motivation, stress, locomotion, especially in the regulation of sleep.

RESUMEN: El péptido hipotalámico orexina tiene un papel destacado en los procesos relacionados con la excitación. Neuronas positivas para parvalbúmina (PV), como uno de los subtipos más importantes de interneuronas de ácido g-aminobutírico (GABA), que también participan en la regulación del sueño-vigilia. Para ampliar la comprensión del control neuronal y la conexión entre estos dos tipos de neuronas en los núcleos asociados al sueño, se utilizó un método inmunohistoquímico de doble marcado para investigar la superposición entre las distribuciones inmunopositivas de PV y las proyecciones de las neuronas de orexina en el cerebro de un ratón. En el prosencéfalo basal, se observó superposición en la capa del núcleo accumbens (AcbSh), el núcleo de la rama horizontal de la banda diagonal (HDB), el núcleo preóptico magnocelular (MCPO), la sustancia innominada (SI), pero se evitó el núcleo del núcleo accumbens. (AcbC). En el diencéfalo, esta inervación dual se extendía en dirección cercana al margen del tercer ventrículo (3V) hasta el núcleo preóptico ventrolateral (VLPO), aunque la densidad de neuronas PV allí era algo más ligera. Las neuronas inmunorreactivas de orexina en varias áreas hipotalámicas laterales (LH) estaban incrustadas dentro de densos grupos de procesos PV cuando los botones de orexina estaban en contacto obvio con la inmunorreactividad de PV. En el resto del hipotálamo, incluido principalmente el núcleo tuberomamilar ventral (VTM), había pocas fibras finas de orexina y botones en contacto con el soma PV. Se observó inmunorreactividad de orexina y PV entremezcladas en el área tegmental ventral (VTA), y se observó una escasa superposición en el núcleo gris periacueductal ventrolateral (VLPAG) y el núcleo tegmental laterodorsal (LDT) en el tronco encefálico. Así, estos dos tipos diferentes de neuronas, que se originan en diferentes partes del cerebro, se dirigen juntas a varias regiones del cerebro y a núcleos monoaminérgicos del tronco encefálico implicados en las funciones de motivación, estrés, locomoción y especialmente en la regulación del sueño.

ABSTRACT Agricultural cooperatives in Chile have not consolidated at the level of other OECD countries, developing in a spatially heterogeneous way in the country. To understand the territorial consolidation of agricultural cooperatives, this paper aims to analyze the patterns of spatial location of agricultural cooperatives in Chile and to identify whether there are clusters of agricultural cooperatives over Economic Importance (EI) organizations. To achieve this, non-spatial (cluster analysis and location analysis) and spatial (Moran index and spatial correlation analysis) clustering tools were used to determine the spatial dependence of the concentration of agricultural cooperatives in Chile. The results indicate the existence of productive cooperative clusters in the regions of Los Ríos and Coquimbo centered on EI cooperatives. Additionally, they also suggest a positive correlation between EI cooperatives and cooperative nuclei at the regional level.

RESUMEN El cooperativismo agrícola en Chile no está consolidado al nivel que se encuentra en otros países de la OCDE, habiéndose desarrollado de forma espacialmente heterogénea en el país. Para conocer la consolidación territorial del cooperativismo agrícola en Chile, este trabajo se propone analizar los patrones de localización espacial de las cooperativas agrícolas en el país e identificar si sobre las cooperativas de Importancia Económica (IE) existen clústeres cooperativos agrícolas que las engloben. En este marco se han utilizado herramientas de agrupamiento no espacial –análisis de conglomerado y análisis de localización) y espacial (índice de Moran y análisis de correlación espacial–, para determinar la dependencia espacial en la concentración del cooperativismo agrícola en Chile. Los resultados indican la existencia de clústeres productivos cooperativos en las regiones de Los Ríos y Coquimbo, centrados en cooperativas de IE. Adicionalmente, sugieren una correlación positiva entre cooperativas de IE y los núcleos cooperativos a nivel regional.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the extent of nutritional deficits in Argentina in 2019-2020 and their regional differentiation, relating them to poverty and inequality indicators. To achieve this, a relatively unexplored source of information in Argentina, the Cluster Survey of Multiple Indicator Clusters (MICS) by UNICEF, known in Argentina as the Encuesta Nacional de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes 2019-2020, was utilized. The study revealed the magnitude of these nutritional deficits, and their unequal spatial distribution across the country. Through validation with hospital discharge statistics, we identified extensive regions in the Northern part of the country with extreme values that significantly deviate from the calculated averages, highlighting the attribute of inequality that characterizes this society. Statistical methods for prevalence calculations and cartographic techniques were used to identify the spatial distribution and define clusters, which allowed us to pinpoint the most critical areas. It became evident how the combination of high poverty levels, their persistence, and inequality are interconnected and result in impacts such as child nutritional deficits, a critical stage where the implications are severe, and future opportunities are highly compromised by these deficits. This seems to be in contradiction with the agenda set within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals.

Resumen: El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar las magnitudes del déficit nutricional en Argentina en 2019-2020 y su diferenciación regional, relacionándolo con indicadores de pobreza y desigualdad. Se utilizó para ello una fuente de información escasamente explorada -al menos para Argentina- que es la Encuesta por Conglomerados de Indicadores Múltiples (MICS, por sus siglas en inglés) de UNICEF, denominada en Argentina como Encuesta Nacional de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes 2019-2020. Se pudo generar evidencia empírica respecto a las magnitudes que alcanza dicho déficit, de su desigual distribución espacial en el territorio, y -a partir de su validación con estadísticas de egresos hospitalarios- se identificaron vastos sectores del norte del país con valores extremos que se alejan rotundamente de los promedios calculados, dejando claro el atributo de desigualdad que caracteriza a esta sociedad. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos de cálculo de prevalencias y cartográficos para la identificación de la distribución espacial y definición de clústeres, los cuales permitieron la identificación de los territorios de mayor criticidad. Quedó claro de qué manera la conjunción de altos niveles de pobreza, la persistencia de estos y la desigualdad se articulan y suponen impactos en la salud como el déficit nutricional infantil, etapa vital donde las implicancias son severas y las ventanas de oportunidades futuras se ven severamente comprometidas por dicho déficit, lo cual pareciera discurrir un derrotero opuesto a la agenda enmarcada dentro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenibles.

Resumen Introducción : El objetivo del estudio fue describir la prevalencia del reporte de síndrome post-COVID-19 y sus características según género, profesión y otros determinantes sociales, en personal de salud. Métodos : Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en profesionales de salud con antecedentes de COVID-19 en América Latina, y para este análisis se seleccionaron las 2030 respuestas de Argentina. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos, información sobre el curso inicial de la enfermedad COVID-19, y persistencia de 21 síntomas más allá del primer mes, su gravedad, evolución clínica y requerimiento de servicios de salud. Resultados : Se identificó que la prevalencia reportada de síndrome post-COVID-19 fue mayor en mujeres para cada uno de los grupos de síntomas explorados. La gravedad del cuadro inicial, el género femenino, la profesión de enfermería, el multiempleo y trabajar en áreas de emergencia fueron variables independientes. Discusión : La mayor sobrecarga del personal de salud durante la pandemia -altamente feminizado- y las determinaciones de género asociadas podrían explicar parcialmente estos hallazgos.

Abstract Introduction : This study aimed to describe the reported prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome and its characteristics by gender, profession, and other determinants among health care workers. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers with a history of COVID-19 in Latin America, and the 2030 responses from Argentina were selected for this analysis. Sociodemographic information, as well as data on initial course of COVID-19, and the persistence of 21 symptoms beyond the first month, their severity, clinical evolution, and health care demands were collected. Results : The reported prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome was higher in women for each of the symptom clusters studied. Severity of the initial symptoms, female gender, nursing profession, multi-employment, and working in emergency areas were all independent variables. Discussion : The greater strain of health care workers during the pandemic -highly feminized- and the associated gender conditions may partially explain these findings.

Resumen Introducción : El objetivo del estudio fue describir la prevalencia del reporte de síndrome post-COVID-19 y sus características según género, profesión y otros de terminantes sociales, en personal de salud. Métodos : Se realizó un estudio de corte transver sal en profesionales de salud con antecedentes de COVID-19 en América Latina, y para este análisis se seleccionaron las 2030 respuestas de Argentina. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos, información sobre el curso inicial de la enfermedad COVID-19, y persistencia de 21 síntomas más allá del primer mes, su gravedad, evolución clínica y requerimiento de ser vicios de salud. Resultados : Se identificó que la prevalencia re portada de síndrome post-COVID-19 fue mayor en mujeres para cada uno de los grupos de síntomas explorados. La gravedad del cuadro inicial, el género femenino, la profesión de enfermería, el multiempleo y trabajar en áreas de emergencia fueron variables independientes. Discusión : La mayor sobrecarga del personal de sa lud durante la pandemia -altamente feminizado- y las determinaciones de género asociadas podrían explicar parcialmente estos hallazgos.

Abstract Introduction : This study aimed to describe the re ported prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome and its characteristics by gender, profession, and other deter minants among health care workers. Methods : A cross-sectional study was conducted among health workers with a history of COVID-19 in Latin America, and the 2030 responses from Argentina were selected for this analysis. Sociodemographic infor mation, as well as data on initial course of COVID-19, and the persistence of 21 symptoms beyond the first month, their severity, clinical evolution, and health care demands were collected. Results : The reported prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome was higher in women for each of the symptom clusters studied. Severity of the initial symptoms, female gender, nursing profession, multi-employment, and work ing in emergency areas were all independent variables. Discussion : The greater strain of health care workers during the pandemic -highly feminized- and the as sociated gender conditions may partially explain these findings.

Abstract: This research aimed to determine the level of influence of computational and visual thinking on the learning of mathematics in first-year students in the professional business management career. The methodology is quantitative and has a cross-sectional non-experimental design. The sample consists of 76 students from the accounting program, chosen probabilistically by clusters. A 20-item questionnaire is applied for the independent variables and a test to evaluate mathematics learning. The results show that 66.41% and 67.57% of the students have developed their computational and visual thinking, respectively, to a regular and acceptable level. Likewise, there is a high positive correlation of mathematics learning with computational and visual thinking. It is concluded that the use of computational and visual thinking during the performance of mathematical activities significantly influences the conceptual, procedural and attitudinal learning of mathematics.

Resumen: Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de influencia del pensamiento computacional y visual en el aprendizaje de la matemática en estudiantes del primer año en la carrera profesional de gestión empresarial. La metodología es cuantitativa y tiene un diseño no experimental transversal. La muestra consiste en 76 estudiantes del programa de contabilidad, elegidos de manera probabilística por conglomerados. Se aplican un cuestionario de 20 ítems para las variables independientes y una prueba para evaluar el aprendizaje de matemáticas. Los resultados muestran que el 66.41% y el 67.57% del alumnado han desarrollado su pensamiento computacional y visual, respectivamente, a un nivel regular y aceptable. Asimismo, existe una correlación positiva alta del aprendizaje de la matemática con el pensamiento computacional y visual. Se concluye que, el uso del pensamiento computacional y visual durante la realización de actividades matemáticas influye de manera significativa en el aprendizaje conceptual, procedimental y actitudinal de la matemática.

Resumo O estudo analisou a distribuição espacial e as desigualdades sociais na cobertura vacinal para COVID-19 entre crianças de 5 a 11 anos no Brasil. As coberturas vacinais foram calculadas para os municípios brasileiros e analisadas por região geográfica e decis com base no Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH-M) e expectativa de escolaridade aos 18 anos. Modelos multiníveis foram usados para determinar o coeficiente de partição da variância, e a estatística local bivariada de Moran I foi usada para avaliar a associação espacial. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas nas taxas de cobertura vacinal entre os municípios, com menor cobertura nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. Municípios com menor IDH e anos de escolaridade esperados apresentaram menores taxas de cobertura vacinal. A análise de agrupamento bivariado identificou extensas concentrações de municípios nas regiões Norte e Nordeste com baixa cobertura vacinal e baixo desenvolvimento humano, enquanto alguns aglomerados de municípios nas regiões Sudeste e Sul com baixa cobertura localizavam-se em áreas com alto IDH-M. Essas descobertas destacam as desigualdades persistentes em nível municipal na cobertura vacinal entre crianças e a necessidade de intervenções para melhorar o acesso e a cobertura vacinal em áreas mais vulneráveis. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 1 Brasil IDHM M (IDH-M variância CentroOeste. CentroOeste Centro Oeste. Oeste Centro-Oeste humano localizavamse localizavam se IDHM. M. IDH-M vulneráveis COVID1 COVID-

Abstract This study examined the spatial distribution and social inequalities in COVID-19 vaccine coverage among children aged 5-11 in Brazil. First and second dose vaccine coverage was calculated for all Brazilian municipalities and analyzed by geographic region and deciles based on human development index (HDI-M) and expected years of schooling at 18 years of age. Multilevel models were used to determine the variance partition coefficient, and bivariate local Moran’s I statistic was used to assess spatial association. Results showed significant differences in vaccine coverage rates among Brazilian municipalities, with lower coverage in the North and Midwest regions. Municipalities with lower HDI and expected years of schooling had consistently lower vaccine coverage rates. Bivariate clustering analysis identified extensive concentrations of municipalities in the Northern and Northeastern regions with low vaccine coverage and low human development, while some clusters of municipalities in the Southeast and South regions with low coverage were located in areas with high HDI-M. These findings highlight the persistent municipal-level inequalities in vaccine coverage among children in Brazil and the need for targeted interventions to improve vaccine access and coverage in underserved areas. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 511 5 11 5-1 HDIM M (HDI-M 1 age coefficient Morans Moran s association HDIM. M. HDI-M municipallevel municipal level COVID1 COVID- 51 5-

SUMMARY: Owing to extensive overexploitation and continuous habitat loss in recent decades, Dalbergia stevensonii has become endangered in Central America and its place of origin. Genetic diversity is essential for ensuring the long-term survival of the species and is vital in breeding programs. However, knowledge of the genetic diversity of D. stevensonii is limited, as no study has been conducted to estimate the population variability in Guatemala. This study is the first to determine the genetic diversity and structure of wild populations of D. stevensonii in Guatemala using molecular markers. The genetic diversity of 90 wild D. stevensonii trees from six populations located in their natural range is currently being evaluated. Genetic diversity was moderate, with an average of 5.83 alleles per locus, a mean Shannon index value of 1.42, and observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.32 and 0.37, respectively. AMOVA indicated that only 6 % of the genetic variation was between populations, and genetic distance values (pairwise FST) suggested moderate differentiation between populations. STRUCTURE and DAPC analyses revealed the existence of three clusters for the 90 samples, while the genetic differentiation among populations is attributed more to genetics than to geographic distance. Conservation of the genetic diversity of D. stevensonii is critical to ensure its long-term survival, and the success of breeding programs focused on improving the traits and characteristics of the species, such as growth rate, wood quality, and resistance to pests and diseases. These findings provide a crucial genetic basis for conservation, management, and restoration of this endemic species.

RESUMEN: Debido a la sobreexplotación y continua pérdida de hábitats en las últimas décadas, Dalbergia stevensonii está en peligro de extinción en América Central, su lugar de origen. La diversidad genética es un factor esencial para garantizar la supervivencia de la especie a largo plazo y es vital en los programas de mejoramiento. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre la diversidad genética de D. stevensonii es limitado, ya que no se ha realizado ningún estudio para estimar la variabilidad de las poblaciones en Guatemala. Este es el primer estudio realizado en Guatemala para determinar la diversidad genética y la estructura de las poblaciones silvestres de D. stevensonii utilizando marcadores moleculares. Actualmente, se está evaluando la diversidad genética de 90 árboles silvestres de D. stevensonii procedentes de seis poblaciones situadas en su área de distribución natural. La diversidad genética es moderada, con una media de 5,83 alelos por locus, un valor medio del índice de Shannon de 1,42 y una heterocigosidad observada y esperada de 0,32 y 0,37 respectivamente. El análisis AMOVA mostró que solamente el 6 % de la variación genética se presenta entre poblaciones, y los valores de distancia genética (FST por pares) sugieren una diferenciación moderada entre poblaciones. Los análisis STRUCTURE y DAPC revelaron la existencia de tres conglomerados para las 90 muestras, mientras que las diferenciaciones genéticas entre poblaciones se atribuyeron más a la distancia genética que a la geográfica. La conservación de la diversidad genética de D. stevensonii es fundamental para garantizar su supervivencia a largo plazo y el éxito de los programas de mejoramiento centrados en la mejora de los rasgos y características de la especie, como la tasa de crecimiento, la calidad de la madera y la resistencia a plagas y enfermedades. Estos hallazgos proporcionan una base genética crucial para la conservación, gestión y restauración de esta especie endémica.

ABSTRACT: Seventy-five pectinolytic strains collected from vegetables grown in the counties of Santarém, Belterra, and Mojuí dos Campos, located in the western region of the Pará State, Brazil, were studied according to their pathological and genetic variability. The strains were grouped in 5 clusters according to pathogenicity in potato, pepper, carrot, and onion, and 38 strains were selected for genetic analysis using rep-PCR. These strains were divided into 35 genetic groups according to rep-PCR at 70% similarity. These results indicated high pathological and genetic variability of the strains causing soft rot in vegetables in the western region of the Pará State, which will be used in etiological research and for the development and assessment of management techniques for the soft rot in vegetables in this region. ABSTRACT Seventyfive Seventy five Santarém Belterra Campos State Brazil potato pepper carrot onion 3 repPCR. repPCR rep PCR. PCR 70 similarity 7

RESUMO: Setenta e cinco isolados de bactérias pectinolíticas coletados de hortaliças cultivadas nos municípios de Santarém, Belterra e Mojuí dos Campos, região oeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil, foram estudadas de acordo com sua variabilidade patológica e genética. Os isolados foram agrupados em cinco grupos de acordo com a patogenicidade em batata, pimenta, cenoura e cebola, e 38 isolados foram selecionados para análise genética por rep-PCR. Esses isolados foram divididos em 35 grupos genéticos de acordo com rep-PCR a 70% de similaridade. Esses resultados indicaram alta variabilidade patológica e genética dos isolados causadores da podridão mole em hortaliças da região oeste do Pará, os quais serão utilizados em pesquisas etiológicas e para o desenvolvimento e avaliação de técnicas de manejo da podridão mole em hortaliças nesta região. RESUMO Santarém Campos Pará Brasil batata pimenta cebola 3 repPCR. repPCR rep PCR. PCR 70 similaridade 7