The acetalization or transacetalization reactions produce acetals or ketals used in cosmetics, food, pharmaceuticals, and fuel additives. Besides synthesizing several products, the acetalization or transacetalization reactions can protect carbonyl groups, 1,2 and 1,3-diols in multi-step synthesis. This work studies the transacetalization of glycerol with 2,2-dimethoxypropane (2,2-DMP) to yield 2,2-dimethyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (solketal) by catalyzing with USY, HBeta, and HZSM-5 zeolites under cleaner and mild reaction conditions (reaction temperature: 25 °C; 2,2-DMP/glycerol molar ratio: 1; reaction time: 1 h; and catalyst concentration: 0.05-5 wt.%). For catalyst concentration equal to or greater than 2,5 wt.%, glycerol conversion stabilized near 96-97% for the three zeolites tested. The product selectivities also assume a constant value, close to 97% for solketal. For the lowest concentration of catalyst, the influence of the zeolite properties on the glycerol conversion, such as acidity and the strong/weak acid site ratio, was observed. Concerning the selectivity of the products, the results suggested that it can be based on zeolite topology, active sites at the particle surface, and the relative amount of micro and mesoporous HBeta, the most selective catalyst for acetals production, was reused at least once without loss of activity and selectivity. cosmetics food pharmaceuticals additives products groups 12 2 1, 1,3diols 13diols diols 1,3 3 multistep multi step synthesis 2,2dimethoxypropane 22dimethoxypropane dimethoxypropane 2,2 2,2DMP 22DMP DMP (2,2-DMP 2,2dimethyl4hydroxymethyl1,3dioxolane 22dimethyl4hydroxymethyl13dioxolane dimethylhydroxymethyldioxolane dimethyl 4 hydroxymethyl dioxolane solketal (solketal USY HBeta HZSM5 HZSM 5 HZSM- temperature °C C 2,2DMP/glycerol 22DMPglycerol DMPglycerol DMP/glycerol ratio time h 0.055 0055 0.05 0 05 0.05- wt.%. wt wt.% . wt.%) 2, 9697% 9697 96 97 96-97 tested value strongweak strong weak observed topology surface production 3diols 13 2dimethoxypropane 22 2DMP 2dimethyl4hydroxymethyl1 3dioxolane 055 005 0.0 wt. 969 9 96-9 dimethylhydroxymethyl 2dimethyl4hydroxymethyl 00 0. 96-

The recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a worldwide challenge and this is one of the biggest issues debated on 21st century, motivating the participation of governments research institutions and also the private sector in order to develop technologies based on the cleaner production (C + P) concept so that the eco-efficiency of the electronics industry is improved. In this work, the manual dismantling and mechanical processing steps, including grinding, magnetic and electrostatic separations were the procedures employed for this. Subsequently, the physical and chemical printed circuit board (PCB) characterizations was carried out by particle size classification and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy/scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (ICP OES/SEM-EDS) analyses, respectively in order to confirm the release, separation and concentration of metal content. After magnetic separation, the percentages of the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions were 15.18 and 56.70%, respectively. In the magnetic fraction, the concentration of iron, nickel, silver and gold reached 1.26 ± 0.33%, 1.24 ± 0.27%, 650.03 ± 77.60 mg kg-1 and 504.88 ± 18.53 mg kg-1, respectively. In the case of copper, the magnetic fraction had a content of 11.27 ± 1.41%, corresponding to about 50% of the value obtained in the non-magnetic fraction. Hence, iron, nickel, silver and gold were concentrated in the magnetic fraction, while copper was concentrated in the non-magnetic fraction. WEEE (WEEE st century C P ecoefficiency eco efficiency improved work steps grinding Subsequently PCB (PCB spectroscopyscanning scanning microscopyenergy microscopy energy ICP OES/SEMEDS OESSEMEDS OES/SEM EDS OES SEM OES/SEM-EDS analyses release nonmagnetic non 1518 15 18 15.1 5670 56 70 56.70% iron nickel 126 1 26 1.2 033 0 33 0.33% 124 24 027 27 0.27% 65003 650 03 650.0 7760 77 60 77.6 kg1 kg kg- 50488 504 88 504.8 1853 53 18.5 kg1, 1, 1127 11 11.2 141 41 1.41% 50 Hence SEMEDS OESSEM 151 15. 567 5 7 56.70 12 2 1. 3 0.33 02 0.27 6500 65 650. 776 6 77. 5048 8 504. 185 18. 112 11. 14 4 1.41 56.7 0.3 0.2 1.4 56. 0.

ABSTRACT This research evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of replacing sand with ceramic waste in self-compacting concrete for interlocking blocks production. The by-product was obtained in a warehouse of a commercial store dedicated to civil construction in the city of Maceió-Brazil and processed in ball mills in the laboratory. The material was characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence and X-ray Diffraction and its particle size was evaluated. The particulate was incorporated into experimental compositions of 1:3 and 1:4 (cement/aggregate) and compared with the reference mix without ceramic by-product. The evaluation of the behavior of fresh mix was carried out using the Slump flow, L-box and V funnel tests. Posteriorly, the hardened mass was evaluated by water absorption and compression resistance tests. The fracture surface of the specimens was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy for understanding the microstructural arrangement. The study ended with the production of interlocking blocks with three validated compositions, with substitutions of 5%, 10% and 15% in the 1:3 mix. The results showed the technical feasibility of formulations with replacement percentages of up to 15% in the 1:3 mix (cement/aggregate) and add to efforts that seek cleaner production with a focus on the reuse of resources that become waste. selfcompacting self compacting byproduct product MaceióBrazil Maceió Brazil laboratory XRay X Ray Xray ray 13 1 3 1: 14 4 cement/aggregate cementaggregate cement aggregate (cement/aggregate byproduct. product. flow Lbox L box tests Posteriorly arrangement 5 5% 10 15

RESUMO Esta pesquisa avaliou as vantagens e desvantagens da substituição da areia por resíduo cerâmico no Concreto Autoadensável para produção de blocos intertravados. O subproduto foi obtido em armazém de uma loja comercial dedicada à construção civil na cidade de Maceió-Brasil e processado em moinhos de bolas em laboratório. O material foi caracterizado por Fluorescência de Raios X e Difração de Raios X e seu tamanho de partícula foi avaliado. O particulado foi incorporado em composições experimentais de 1:3 e 1:4 (cimento/agregado) e comparado com o traço de referência sem subproduto cerâmico. A avaliação do comportamento da mistura fresca foi realizada através dos testes Slump flow, L-box e V-funil. Posteriormente, a massa endurecida foi avaliada por ensaios de absorção de água e resistência à compressão. A superfície de fratura dos corpos de prova foi investigada por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura para compreensão do arranjo microestrutural. O estudo finalizou com a produção de blocos intertravados com três composições validadas, com substituições de 5%, 10% e 15% na mistura 1:3. Os resultados mostraram a viabilidade técnica de formulações com percentuais de substituição de até 15% na mistura 1:3 (cimento/agregado) e soma-se aos esforços que buscam uma produção mais limpa com foco no reaproveitamento de recursos que são desperdiçados. MaceióBrasil Maceió Brasil laboratório avaliado 13 1 3 1: 14 4 cimento/agregado cimentoagregado cimento agregado (cimento/agregado flow Lbox L box Vfunil. Vfunil V funil. funil V-funil Posteriormente compressão microestrutural validadas 5 5% 10 15 13. 3. somase soma se desperdiçados

ABSTRACT Economic development based on cleaner industrial technologies has been increasingly studied in recent years. Cementitious composites reinforced with lignocellulosic fibers can be a sustainable alternative for use in engineering. The study aimed to evaluate the technological properties of cementitious composites produced from natural and industrial coconut fiber to compare the reinforcement with wood particles. Physical tests (density, water absorption, and thickness swelling) and mechanical tests (static bending) were carried out in four treatments, which varied the fiber and cement contents. It was found that treatment with natural coconut fiber had the lowest density value, 0.59 g/cm3, and treatment with industrial coconut fiber had the lowest water absorption value for the times and times of 2 and 24 h, 0.19, and 0.38%, respectively, and the treatment with wood particles, the highest values of modulus of elasticity and rupture, 1,897 MPa and 2.44 MPa. The study of the use of lignocellulosic materials as protection in cementitious composites is essential for applications in building constructions to reduce the environmental impacts generated by the generation of waste and use of non-renewable materials and to promote sustainable development. years engineering particles density, (density swelling static bending treatments contents 059 0 59 0.5 gcm3 gcm g cm3 cm g/cm3 h 019 19 0.19 038 38 0.38% respectively rupture 1897 1 897 1,89 244 44 2.4 nonrenewable non renewable 05 5 0. g/cm 01 0.1 03 3 0.38 189 89 1,8 4 2. 0.3 18 8 1,

Abstract The main concern of today's agricultural production around the world is a cleaner and greener approach to crop production. Streptomyces species with distinct characteristics can be found in soil. The current research focuses on Streptomyces species isolated from marine sediment samples. To evaluate the morphology and biochemical properties of the isolated Streptomyces strain ukm1, it was grown in Starch Casein Nitrate (SCN) agar medium. Morphological, biochemical, and 16s rRNA analysis were performed on the strain. Streptomyces sp. was identified based on these findings. The production of bioactive metabolites by strain nkm1 was carried out in five different fermentative media. After 10 days of incubation, M6 medium was found to be efficient and was extracted with ethyl acetate. The MIC values revealed that the ethyl acetate extract inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungi such as Phytophthora palmivora (31.25 g/ml), Aspergillus flavus (15.62 g/ml), Rhizoctonia solani (31.25 g/ml), and Cladosporium herbarum (31.25 g/ml). The GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract revealed 26 components, the major volatile bioactive compound being nonadecane. todays today s soil samples ukm1 ukm SCN (SCN Morphological sp findings nkm media 1 incubation M 31.25 3125 31 25 (31.2 g/ml, gml g/ml , g ml g/ml) 15.62 1562 15 62 (15.6 g/ml. . GCMS GC MS 2 components nonadecane 31.2 312 3 (31. 15.6 156 6 (15. 31. (31 15. (15 (3 (1 (

Biomass-promoting routes for the synthesis of activated carbon (AC) have recently received considerable attention due to the advantages of this method: it is simple, cost-effective, and ecofriendly. This method is also an alternative way to avoid the unsafe practice of waste incineration. We describe the preparation of activated carbon from palm kernel shell (PKS) - an abundant biomass that is available in Africa and Asia. We investigated the effect of process variables such as impregnation ratio (ratio of H3PO4 to PKS) and carbonisation temperature (500-700 °C) on yield, microstructure, morphology, pore structure, and adsorption properties to optimise these parameters. Nitrogen adsorption isotherm analysis indicated that the AC was predominantly microporous in nature. Under optimal conditions, an AC with the highest surface area of 1560 m²/g was obtained. The aqueous adsorption test showed that the AC had significant removal capacity for methylene blue and iodine. The higher iodine value is consistent with the structural properties of the adsorbent, while the lower methylene blue value is consistent with the limited mesopore width. Considering the chemical and surface properties and adsorption properties of the AC produced, PKS has been shown to be an excellent precursor material for AC, thus solving the disposal problems associated with this biomass. SIGNIFICANCE: •AC significantly promotes adsorption and offers a low-cost and cleaner production method. •PKS could serve as a dependable precursor for the synthesis of porous AC. •This study provides useful information on how H3PO4-impregnated PKS influences the porosity of the resulting AC. •Differences in porosity, yield, and morphology and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller surface area are achievable using AC from PKS

ABSTRACT Pollution is one of the main environmental problems in Cuba. Untreated or under-treated oily waste discharges have been caused negative environmental impacts. The objective was to contribute, with a process approach and Cleaner Production strategies, to reduce pollution from oily wastesfrom a fuel marketing enterprise.A procedure based in process approach integrated with the eight steps for problem solving, together with other specific methodologies and tools for technical studies, were implemented. A characterization of the wastewater disposed, and the environmental quality of the receiving bodies (surface water, groundwater and soil) was carried out. The operations and management of oily waste were identified as potentially impacting environmental aspects on the environmental contamination of the receiving bodies. In the processes Fuel Reception, Storage and Supply; Maintenance; Transport; as well as Measurement, Analysis and Improvement were identified the opportunities to minimize a pollution at source, and to reduce the consumption of inputs and raw materials. Likewise, improvements in the engineering design and/or construction of treatment systems, organs, interconnections, and networks; as well as improvements in operation and maintenance practices were identified. A corrective measures plan has been implemented, with technical-organisational and engineering solutions, taking into account Cleaner Production options, to minimize the generation of pollution at source. The research has been contributed to improving the environmental performance of the organization.

RESUMEN La contaminación es uno de los principales problemas ambientales de Cuba. Las descargas de residuales oleosos sin o con déficit de tratamiento provocan impactos ambientales negativos. El objetivo fue contribuir con enfoque a procesos y estrategias de Producción Más Limpia, a la reducción de la contaminación por residuales oleosos de una empresa comercializadora de combustibles. Se implementó un procedimiento con enfoque a procesos, integrando los ocho pasos para la solución de un problema; así como otras metodologías y herramientas específicas para los estudios técnicos. Se realizó caracterización de las aguas residuales dispuestas y de la calidad ambiental de los cuerpos receptores (aguas superficiales y subterráneas, y suelos). Se comprobó que las operaciones y el manejo de los residuales oleosos fueron aspectos ambientales potencialmente impactantes, en particular sobre la contaminación ambiental de los cuerpos receptores. En los procesos Recepción, Almacenamiento y Entrega de Combustibles; Mantenimiento; Transporte; así como Medición, Análisis y Mejora se identificaron las oportunidades de minimización de la contaminación en las fuentes de origen, de reducción del consumo de materias primas e insumos. Asimismo, de mejoras en el diseño de ingeniería y/o construcción de los sistemas de tratamiento, órganos, interconexiones y redes; así como de mejoras en las prácticas de operación y mantenimiento. Se implementa un plan de medidas correctivas, con soluciones técnico-organizativas e ingenieras, teniendo en cuenta opciones de Producción Más Limpia, para minimizar en las fuentes de origen la generación de la contaminación. La investigación ha contribuido a mejorar el desempeño ambiental de la organización.

For billions of years, the phenomena of life and biocatalysis have been intertwined. If in the beginning biocatalysis was fundamental for the origin of life, currently it is very important for the cleaner production of pharmaceuticals and fine chemical intermediates. There is no doubt that drugs have brought great benefits to humanity, but currently, the expectations of modern society are focused on drugs with greater safety, less environmental impact, more sustainable practices, and less energy use. This review intends to show how the challenges for the production of some low molecular weight drugs produced by synthetic routes that involve at least one biotechnological step using microorganisms or enzymes were faced. These biotechnological drug production routes are more sustainable than conventional synthetic routes, as they produce a much smaller amount of waste, use moderate reaction conditions, have lower energy consumption, and have lower metal consumption, in addition to being more selective. Additionally, many natural products have structures too complex to be produced exclusively by chemical routes. The large-scale and economical production of these drugs is of great importance for fighting cancer as well as inflammatory, infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, hormonal, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases, among others.

Purpose: Multicriteria methods have gained traction in both academia and industry practices for effective decision-making over the years. This bibliometric study aims to explore and provide an overview of research carried out on multicriteria methods, in its various aspects, over the past forty-four years. Design/Methodology/Approach: The Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases were searched for publications from January 1945 to April 29, 2021, on multicriteria methods in titles, abstracts, and keywords. The bibliographic data were analyzed using the R bibliometrix package. Findings: This bibliometric study asserts that 29,050 authors have produced 20,861 documents on the theme of multicriteria methods in 131 countries in the last forty-four years. Scientific production in this area grows at a rate of 13.88 per year. China is the leading country in publications with 14.14%; India with 10.76%; and Iran with 8.09%. Islamic Azad University leads others with 504 publications, followed by the Vilnius Gediminas Technical University with 456 and the National Institute of Technology with 336. As for journals, Expert Systems With Applications; Sustainability; and Journal of Cleaner Production are the leading journals, which account for more than 4.67% of all indexed literature. Furthermore, Zavadskas E. and Wang J have the highest publications in the multicriteria methods domain regarding the authors. Regarding the most commonly used multicriteria decision-making methods, AHP is the most favored approach among the ten countries with the most publications in this research area, followed by TOPSIS, VIKOR, PROMETHEE, and ANP. Practical implications: The bibliometric literature review method allows the researchers to explore the multicriteria research area more extensively than the traditional literature review method. It enables a large dataset of bibliographic records to be systematically analyzed through statistical measures, yielding informative insights. Originality/value: The usefulness of this bibliometric study is summed in presenting an overview of the topic of the multicriteria methods during the previous forty-four years, allowing other academics to use this research as a starting point for their research.

Resumo Anualmente bilhões de toneladas de agregados são extraídos para aplicação na construção civil, resultando em impactos ambientais e significativo consumo de energia. Assim, baseando-se nos princípios da economia circular, aplicar resíduos como agregados para construção civil é uma boa alternativa para reduzir a extração de recursos naturais e gerar uma destinação mais eficiente para os resíduos. Assim, essa pesquisa objetiva analisar o desempenho técnico, econômico e ambiental de concretos produzidos inteiramente com agregado de escória de aciaria. Os concretos foram caracterizados quanto suas propriedades físicas, como massa específica, absorção de água e resistência à compressão e tração. Ensaios de durabilidade (expansão) também foram realizados. Também foram analisados os custos do concreto de escória de aciaria e o seu impacto ambiental, através da intensidade de ligantes. Os concretos foram avaliados mecanicamente em diferentes idades, sendo observado que a incorporação de escória de aciaria aumenta a resistência à compressão e tração das matrizes. Além disso, em ensaios acelerados, a escória de aciaria não apresentou expansibilidade. A substituição total dos agregados naturais por escória de aciaria permitiu reduzir em 31% o consumo de concreto e cimento, o que representa um decréscimo de 140 kg/m3 para a mesma classe de resistência. Foi observado também que a incorporação de escória de aciaria reduz a intensidade de cimento das misturas e que essas possuem menor custo de produção comparado ao convencional. Esses resultados indicam que os agregados de escória de aciaria podem ser utilizados substituindo os agregados naturais sem causar danos. Este trabalho avalia a viabilidade de usar agregados de escória de aciaria na produção mais limpa de concretos, podendo contribuir para a promoção de soluções sustentáveis para o setor da construção através dos princípios da economia circular.

Abstract Annually billions of tonnes of aggregates are extracted to apply in civil construction generating environmental impacts and energy consumption. So, based on circular economy principles applying residues as aggregates is a good solution to reduce the mining activity and to generate a more efficient destination for the residues. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the technical, economic, and environmental performance of concretes produced entirely with steel slag aggregates. The concretes were characterized through physical properties, as specific gravity, water absorption, compressive and tensile strength. Durability tests (expansibility) were also conducted. The authors analyzed the cost assessment and environmental impact of steel slag concrete production as well. The incorporation of steel slag increases the compressive and tensile strength of concrete, analyzed in different ages. Additionally, the steel slag does not present expansibility when confined in the concrete matrix. The entire replacement of natural aggregates for steel slag allowed to reduce in 31% the cement consumption, a decrease of 140 kg/m3, for the same strength class. The environmental analysis showed that the incorporation of steel slag aggregates reduced the cement intensity of concrete and its impact. Regarding the cost assessment, the mixtures with steel slag presented a lower cost compared to the conventional one. These results indicate that steel slag aggregates could be used in a cleaner production of concrete, replacing natural aggregates with no injury. This research provides the feasibility of using steel slag aggregates in a cleaner and cheaper concrete production and contribute to the promotion of sustainable solutions for the construction sector through the circular economy principles.

Abstract One-part alkali-activated binder (AAB) is a product with lower environmental impact than Portland cement, and can be a feasible commercial alternative. The main objective of this study was to propose and test a method of obtaining one-part AAB with metakaolin and an alternative powder sodium silicate from rice husk ash (RHA). To evaluate the AAB properties, mortars were produced with different SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratios (2.7, 3.1, and 3.3), and tests were conducted to characterize the binder. The results indicated that the process was efficient in generating a non-crystalline sodium silicate powdered material. With high SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio the mortars achieved high compressive strength and it increased with age, had low permeability, and capillary water absorption. Compressive strength results varied from 6 MPa to 12 MPa at 28 days, indicating the possibility of using the proposed method for one-part AAB production. AAB produced can be applied in different building materials.

Resumo: Nos últimos anos, os Resíduos de Equipamentos Elétricos e Eletrônicos (REEE) cresceram três vezes mais rápido que a população mundial e 13% mais que o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) mundial. Somente 17,4% desses resíduos são tratados adequadamente e o despejo incerto impõe riscos ao meio-ambiente e à saúde humana. O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar um alinhamento sobre a geração, gestão e legislações aplicadas aos REEE e sua interface com o eco-design, produção mais limpa e logística reversa. A metodologia tem abordagem qualitativa baseada na pesquisa bibliográfica e documental alinhada ao protocolo Prisma. Os resultados apontam que a industrialização, maiores níveis de renda da população em crescente urbanização levam ao aumento do consumo de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos, que associados aos curtos ciclos de vida desses equipamentos, dificuldades de reciclagem e de infraestrutura física e legal geram o aumento exponencial das REEE. Nesse cenário, os preceitos da economia circular surgem como uma rota de solução a essa problemática mundial.

Abstract: In recent years, Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) has grown three times faster than the world's population and 13% more than the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Only 17.4% of this waste is properly treated and uncertain disposal poses risks to the environment and human health. The objective of this study is to present an alignment with regard to the generation, management and legislation of WEEE and its interface with eco-design, cleaner production and reverse logistics. The methodology uses a qualitative approach based on bibliographic and documentary research aligned with the Prisma protocol. The results indicate that industrialization and higher income levels of the population in increasing urbanization have led to an increase in the consumption of electrical and electronic equipment, which, together with the short life cycles of this equipment, recycling difficulties and physical and legal infrastructure, has generated an exponential increase in WEEE. In this scenario, the precepts of the circular economy emerge as a solution to this global problem.

Abstract Currently there is a great trend towards cleaner, more sustainable and green production, based on a circular economy. Therefore, in the present work the study of the effect of the concentration of potato starch, aloe vera and graphene on the mechanical properties, water vapor permeability, biodegradability and structural properties of bioplastics is reported. These bioplastics could replace conventional synthetic plastics that currently produce high environmental pollution. According to the statistical analysis of a 2˄3 factorial design, a biodegradable bioplastic with improved mechanical properties was obtained, with a high maximum stress of 2.49 ± 0.28 MPa at high concentration levels of starch, aloe vera and graphene (10% w/w starch, 24% w/w of aloe and 0.045% w/w of graphene). A minimum value of permeance and permeability to water vapor of 5.35 kg/h.kPa.m2 and 0.001839 kg/h.kPa.m, respectively, was found at a graphene concentration of 0.005%; aloe concentration, 24%; and starch concentration, 10%. cleaner production economy Therefore reported pollution 23 2 3 2˄ design obtained 249 49 2.4 028 0 28 0.2 10% 10 (10 ww w 24 0045 045 0.045 graphene. . graphene) 535 5 35 5.3 kghkPam2 kghkPam kg h kPa m2 m kg/h.kPa.m 0001839 001839 0.00183 respectively 0.005% 0005 005 4 2. 02 0. 1 (1 004 04 0.04 53 5. 000183 00183 0.0018 0.005 000 00 ( 0.0 00018 0018 0.001 0.00 0001 001

Abstract The pupunha (peach palm) palm heart production in the Vale do Ribeira (southern region of the State of São Paulo-Brazil) brings economic benefits to the region, and environmental risks with the generation of a large amount of waste. The Cleaner Production adoption in the pupunha palm heart factories is a strategy for reducing environmental impacts and generating profit, with consequent rational use of raw material, reuse of waste, and new equipment installation. This research aims to evaluate the Cleaner Production adoption’s environmental and economic benefits in the reuse of waste generated in pupunha palm heart processing. The case study was carried out in a factory, using direct observation, interviews, and documentary data. The calculation of ROI was an adequate tool for economic evaluation, and the adoption of gondolas in the stages of material separation and waste treatment provided improvements in the production processes. The Cleaner Production application increased the theoretical knowledge about the treatment and use of the waste, reduced the environmental impact, allowed the development of a new business, and generated economic gains through the creation of employment and increase of income.

Abstract: Deep eutectic solvents are characterized as natural, green, biodegradable, non-flammable, non-volatile, non-toxic, odorless, colorless, easy to prepare, and easy to recycle after use. They present an opportunity to introduce new techniques for the pulping process. This study investigated the possibility of using a green deep eutectic solvents from sorghum stalks for pulp and paper production. Choline chloride/ethylene glycol was used in the preparation of eutectic mixtures in molar ratios of 4/10, 5/10, and 6/10. These eutectic mixtures were then applied as cooking liquor to sorghum stalks at two different cooking times (140 and 160 minutes). In addition, the traditional pulping methods of soda and kraft cookings were carried out using sorghum stalks and the pulps were compared with the deep eutectic solvents pulps. The results showed that the pulp production using deep eutectic solvents was accomplished successfully. Some properties of deep eutectic solvents pulps were comparable to those of the soda and kraft pulps. deep eutectic solvents can play an essential role in cleaner pulp production.