Abstract Introduction: Heart failure, a disease with high prevalence and mortality, presents low incorporation of palliative care (PC) despite its necessity. In Colombia, the lack of indicators to monitor the integration of PC in the treatment of heart failure hinders the implementation of effective strategies. It is proposed to use a classification model to monitor the integration of palliative care in the Colombian health system. Objective: To reach a consensus on a set of indicators evaluated for their relevance and feasibility to monitor the integration of palliative care in heart failure in the Colombian health system. Method: A Delphi consensus process was carried out in two rounds, including experts from different regions of the country. An online survey was used on nine indicators related to the integration of palliative care in heart failure in the Colombian health system. Each indicator was evaluated for its relevance and feasibility. Results: Seventeen experts from all regions of Colombia participated, 76% were physicians and 24% nursing professionals; the vast majority (65%) belonged to scientific societies such as the Colombian Association of Palliative Care. All the indicators scored > 7.0 with respect to their relevance and feasibility. The Advance directives in people with heart failure indicator was considered the most relevant and feasible followed by home palliative care for people with heart failure. Conclusions: Based on feasibility and relevance there was consensus on eight of the nine indicators proposed to evaluate the integration of palliative care in the treatment of heart failure in Colombia.

Resumen Introducción: La insuficiencia cardíaca, enfermedad con alta prevalencia y mortalidad, presenta baja incorporación de cuidados paliativos (CP) a pesar de su necesidad. En Colombia, la falta de indicadores para monitorear la integración de CP en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardíaca dificulta la implementación de estrategias efectivas. Se propone utilizar un modelo de clasificación para monitorear la integración de CP en el sistema de salud colombiano. Objetivo: Consensuar un conjunto de indicadores evaluados por su relevancia y factibilidad para monitorear la integración de cuidados paliativos en insuficiencia cardíaca en el sistema de salud colombiano. Método: Se realizó un proceso de consenso Delphi en dos rondas, incluyendo expertos de las distintas regiones del país. Se utilizó una encuesta en línea sobre nueve indicadores relacionados con la integración de cuidados paliativos en insuficiencia cardíaca en el sistema de salud colombiano. Se valoró en cada indicador su relevancia y factibilidad. Resultados: Participaron 17 expertos de todas las regiones de Colombia, el 76% eran médicos y el 24% profesionales de enfermería; en su gran mayoría (65%) pertenecían a sociedades científicas como la Asociación Colombiana de Cuidados Paliativos. Todos los indicadores alcanzaron un puntaje > 7.0 con respecto a su relevancia y factibilidad. El indicador Voluntad anticipada en personas con insuficiencia cardíaca fue considerado el más relevante y factible, seguido de Cuidados paliativos domiciliarios para personas con insuficiencia cardíaca. Conclusiones: Se consensuaron ocho de los nueve indicadores propuestos para evaluar la integración de los cuidados paliativos en el tratamiento de insuficiencia cardíaca en Colombia.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Globalisation has led to increased interest in the field of cultural intelligence throughout the international arena. However, it seems to be of particular importance in South Africa since it is considered to be one of the most diverse societies in the world. In this article, psychological well-being is considered within the context of South African organisations, and the aim is to evaluate the role of cultural intelligence in promoting psychological well-being in this culturally diverse context. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A qualitative study was conducted, which involved 12 managers who work within culturally diverse organisations. The data were collected through one-on-one interviews and were thematically analysed. FINDINGS: The findings suggest that the participants experience autonomy, positive relations, meaning and purpose, and personal growth, which are indicative of positive psychological well-being. RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: The article suggests that more emphasis should be placed on the development of cultural intelligence at all organisational levels since this could promote psychological well-being, which may also positively influence organisational effectiveness. MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: In multicultural workplaces, work environments must be created in such a way that individuals are encouraged to think independently and offer opinions and ideas without being socially pressured. By enhancing mental judgements within a culturally diverse work context, which is often characterised by problematic multicultural situations and engagements, employees are likely to function more effectively. JEL Classification: E71; M14; Z1

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é problematizar algumas das tensões em torno do conceito de modernidade. Central para diferentes áreas das ciências humanas, “modernidade” congrega, em um mesmo vocábulo, um conceito e uma proposta de periodização, ambos instrumentos essenciais da escrita historiográfica. Pretende-se aqui explorar de que forma a análise do conceito de modernidade, em conexão com uma ideia específica de universalismo, pode nos ajudar a compreender algumas características presentes nas concepções historiográficas europeias formuladas no século XIX, mas que deixaram marcas persistentes ao longo de grande parte do século XX. Nessa direção, buscou-se avaliar de que maneira o conceito de modernidade acabou fornecendo os parâmetros a partir dos quais as sociedades dos demais continentes seriam julgadas e, ato contínuo, hierarquizadas, com os povos da Europa ocidental ocupando o vértice dessa pirâmide classificatória. humanas “modernidade congrega vocábulo periodização historiográfica Pretendese Pretende se universalismo XIX XX direção buscouse buscou contínuo hierarquizadas classificatória

Abstract The purpose of this article is to problematize some of the existing tensions around the concept of modernity. Central to different areas of the human sciences, ‘modernity’ is a theme that brings together, in the same word, a concept and a periodization proposal, both essential instruments of historiographic writing. The aim here is to explore how the analysis of the concept of modernity, in connection with a specific idea of universalism, can help us to understand some characteristics present in European historiographical conceptions formulated in the 19th century, but which left persistent marks throughout much of the 20th century. In this direction, we sought to assess how the concept of modernity ended up providing the parameters from which societies from other continents would be judged and, subsequently, hierarchized, with the peoples of Western Europe occupying the apex of this classification pyramid. sciences ‘modernity together word proposal writing universalism th century direction subsequently hierarchized pyramid

Resumen: Este artículo realiza un aporte conceptual de reflexión sobre procesos de jerarquización en las sociedades contemporáneas. A partir de ciertos estudios sociológicos y antropológicos que permiten pensar la noción de jerarquía, el artículo desarrolla tres conceptos clave para el estudio de los procesos de jerarquización: 1) categorías jerarquizadas: analiza la relación entre los procesos cognitivos y epistemológicos que, en términos sociales, subyacen a toda forma de clasificación y categorización que ubica a individuos y grupos en posiciones de superioridad y subalternidad; 2) narrativa jerárquica: en tanto trama discursiva da sentido, organiza y justifica un determinado estado de las relaciones en las que seres y objetos se vinculan desigualmente en un espacio social estratificado; y 3) orden jerárquico: enfatiza la dimensión práctica, basada en disputas presentes y en diversas formas de sedimentación e institucionalización de relaciones pasadas, de configuración de posiciones relativamente estables.

Abstract: This paper makes a conceptual contribution to think hierarchical processes in contemporary societies. Based on multiple studies-both from the sociological and anthropological tradition-that allow us to think about the notion of hierarchy, the paper develops three key concepts for the study of hierarchical processes: 1) hierarchical categories: it analyzes the relationship between cognitive and epistemological processes that, in social terms, underlie all forms of classification and categorization that place individuals and groups in positions of superiority and subalternity; 2) hierarchical narratives: as a discursive plot that gives meaning, organizes and justifies a certain state of relationships in which beings and objects are unequally linked in a stratified social space; and 3) hierarchical order: it emphasizes the practical dimension, based on current disputes and on various forms of sedimentation and institutionalization of historical relationships.

Resumo O termo estigma é oriundo do grego, relacionado a identificação de pessoas através de marcação física. A literatura aponta quatro tipos de estigmas: púbico, institucional, autoestima e de cortesia. Pessoas com Transtornos do Espectro Autista são estigmatizadas em diversas culturas e sociedades. Este estudo descreve a visão sobre estigma em relação ao Transtorno do Espectro Autista entre estudantes dos cursos medicina e enfermagem. Estudo transversal, qualitativo, dados coletados por meio de dois grupos focais, um com estudantes de medicina, outro com enfermagem, de uma universidade pública, em Alagoas. Foi utilizado um roteiro com oito perguntas para discussão nos grupos focais. As falas foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas no software IRAMUTEQ, embasada na análise de conteúdo. A Classificação Hierárquica Descendente apresentou cinco categorias relacionadas ao Transtorno, que foram: 1 - Abordagem da pessoa com o Transtorno; 2 - Vivência de Estigma; 3 - Segregação de Pessoas com Transtorno; 4 - Cuidado com a Pessoa com o Transtorno; e a Classe 5 - Desafios enfrentados pelas pessoas acometidas grego física estigmas púbico institucional cortesia sociedades enfermagem transversal qualitativo focais pública Alagoas gravadas IRAMUTEQ conteúdo Estigma

Abstract The term stigma comes from Greek, being related to the identification of people through a physical mark, which can generate marginalization. The literature points out four types of stigmas: public, institutional, self-esteem, and courtesy. People with Autistic Spectrum Disorders are stigmatized in various cultures and societies. This study describes the view on stigma regarding Autistic Spectrum Disorder among undergraduate medical and nursing students. This is a cross-sectional study of a qualitative approach, whose data were collected through two focus groups, one with medical and another with nursing students, from a public university in Alagoas, Brazil. A script with eight questions for discussion in the focus groups was used. The speeches were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with the IRAMUTEQ software, based on content analysis. The Descending Hierarchical Classification showed five categories related to the disorder, which were: 1 - Approach to the person with the disorder; 2 - Experience of Stigma; 3 - Segregation of People with Disorders; 4 - Care of the Person with the Disorder and Class; 5 - Challenges faced by the people affected. Greek mark marginalization stigmas institutional selfesteem, selfesteem self esteem, esteem self-esteem courtesy societies students crosssectional cross sectional approach Alagoas Brazil used recorded transcribed software analysis disorder Stigma Class affected

RESUMEN Introducción: Las inmunodeficiencias primarias son un grupo heterogéneo de trastornos genéticos que afectan el funcionamiento del sistema inmunológico. Pueden presentarse con características clínicas variables en la primera infancia y en la edad adulta. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y demográficamente a pacientes diagnosticados con inmunodeficiencias primarias. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de serie de casos, transversal, descriptivo, retrospectivo, con 39 pacientes de ambos sexos, con diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencias primarias, según la última clasificación de la International Union of Immunological Societies; atendidos de enero de 2012 a diciembre de 2021 en Granma. Se evaluó la edad (de inicio de los síntomas, diagnóstico y retraso en el diagnóstico), sexo, antecedentes familiares y manifestaciones clínicas. Se recolectaron los datos de las historias clínicas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La edad de inicio de los síntomas osciló entre el mes de vida y los 37 años, con una media de 6,31 años; la edad media de diagnóstico fue de 11,89 años. Las deficiencias humorales representaron el 69,23 % de todas las inmunodeficiencias primarias y predominó el déficit relativo de IgA (11 casos). Reportaron antecedentes familiares de inmunodeficiencias primarias 12 pacientes. Las infecciones recurrentes (71,79 %) y las alergias (61,53 %) fueron las manifestaciones más frecuentes; la tasa de mortalidad fue de 2,56 %. Conclusiones: Las inmunodeficiencias primarias fueron más frecuentes en la infancia, con el mismo comportamiento en ambos sexos. Las infecciones, las alergias y los antecedentes familiares de inmunodeficiencia primaria fueron hallazgos importantes. Las inmunodeficiencias humorales fueron las más prevalentes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Primary immunodeficiencies are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders that affect the functioning of the immune system. Primary immunodeficiencies can present with variable clinical features in early childhood and adulthood. Objective: To characterize patients diagnosed with primary immunodeficiencies clinically and demographically. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective case series study was carried out with 39 patients of both sexes, diagnosed with primary immunodeficiencies, according to the latest International Union of Immunological Societies classification; attended from January 2012 to December 2021 in Granma. Age (at onset of symptoms, diagnosis, and delay in diagnosis), sex, family history, and clinical manifestations were evaluated. Data from medical records were collected. They were processed using descriptive statistics. Results: The age of onset of symptoms ranged from one month of life to 37 years, with a mean of 6.31 years; the average age of diagnosis was 11.89 years. Humoral deficiencies represented 69.23% of all primary immunodeficiencies and relative IgA deficiency predominated (11 cases). A family history of primary immunodeficiencies was reported by 12 patients. Recurrent infections (71.79%) and allergies (61.53%) were the most frequent manifestations; the mortality rate was 2.56%. Conclusions: Primary immunodeficiencies were more frequent in childhood, with the same behavior in both sexes. Infections, allergies, and a family history of primary immunodeficiency were important findings. Humoral immunodeficiencies were the most prevalent.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of study methodology and evaluation type on the selection of studies during the presentation of scientific events. METHODS: A prospective, observational, transversal approach was applied to a cohort of studies that were submitted for presentation at the 2021 Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium. Three forms of criteria (CR) were presented. CR1 was based on six criteria (method, ethics, design, originality, promotion, and social contribution); CR2 graded the studies from 0 to 10 for each study, and CR3 was based on five criteria (presentation, method, originality, scientific knowledge, and social contribution). To evaluate the item correlation, Cronbach’s alpha and factorial analysis were performed. For the evaluation of differences between the tests, we used the Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn tests. To determine the differences in the study classifications, we used the Friedman test and Namenyi’s all-pairs comparisons. RESULTS: A total of 122 studies were evaluated. There was also a good correlation with the items concerning criterion 1 (α=0.730) and 3 (α=0.937). Evaluating CR1 methodology, study design and social contribution (p=0.741) represents the main factor and CR3 methodology, and the scientific contribution (p=0.994) represents the main factor. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed differences in the results (p<0.001) for all the criteria that were used [CR1-CR2 (p<0.001), CR1-CR3 (p<0.001), and CR2-CR3 (p=0.004)]. The Friedman test showed differences in the ranking of the studies (p<0.001) for all studies (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Methodologies that use multiple criteria show good correlation and should be taken into account when ranking the best studies. OBJECTIVE events METHODS prospective observational 202 Symposium CR (CR presented method (method ethics originality promotion contribution) presentation, (presentation knowledge contribution. . Cronbachs Cronbach s performed tests KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis posthoc post hoc classifications Namenyis Namenyi allpairs pairs comparisons RESULTS 12 evaluated α=0.730 α0730 α 730 (α=0.730 α=0.937. α0937 α=0.937 937 (α=0.937) p=0.741 p0741 p 741 (p=0.741 p=0.994 p0994 994 (p=0.994 p<0.001 p0001 001 (p<0.001 CR1CR2 CRCR [CR1-CR p<0.001, , CR1CR3 CR1-CR CR2CR3 CR2-CR p=0.004. p0004 p=0.004 004 (p=0.004)] p<0.01. p001 p<0.01 01 (p<0.01) CONCLUSION 20 α=0.73 α073 73 (α=0.73 α093 α=0.93 93 (α=0.937 p=0.74 p074 74 (p=0.74 p=0.99 p099 99 (p=0.99 p<0.00 p000 00 (p<0.00 CR1CR CR2CR p=0.00 (p=0.004) p00 p<0.0 (p<0.01 2 α=0.7 α07 7 (α=0.7 α09 α=0.9 9 (α=0.93 p=0.7 p07 (p=0.7 p=0.9 p09 (p=0.9 (p<0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.004 p0 p<0. α=0. α0 (α=0. (α=0.9 p=0. (p=0. (p<0. (p=0.00 p<0 α=0 (α=0 p=0 (p=0 (p<0 (p=0.0 p< α= (α= p= (p= (p< (α (p

Hand therapy for individuals who sustained hand injuries is included in the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) physiotherapy scope of practice. The training that physiotherapists receive at the undergraduate level lays the foundation for them to deliver hand therapy or hand rehabilitation according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health domains in a uniquely South African health service context. Further structured formal and informal postgraduate continued education opportunities may put physiotherapists in the ideal position in a multidisciplinary team to deliver optimal hand therapy. The problem is that the physiotherapist's role in the multidisciplinary team delivering hand therapy in the past two decades has decreased, leaving room for a lack of health professional services in South Africa's private sector where physiotherapists are often the first consultation in, for example, sports teams, but more pertinently, in the public and rural areas. The International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT) practice profile and physiotherapy scope of practice, curriculum and education information assist in achieving the aim of this commentary to position physiotherapists in South Africa as primary health practitioners in delivering hand therapy. CLINICAL IMPLICATION: The effective management of individuals with hand-related conditions and injuries is pertinent to ensure optimal hand function and quality of life. Equal continued formal education opportunities should thus be created for all multidisciplinary team professions at a postgraduate level

Abstract This article analyzes the ideas produced by Foucault on the issue of racism in order to assess its scope and potentialities to continue thinking about this problematic today, to interact with it but also to discuss with this perspective and to review the transmutations, disruptions and new configurations that racism can currently assume. The argument development examines the following points: the notion of racism elaborated by Foucault and its complementary of State racism, as fundamental transformations of the idea of the war of races and the discourse of counter-history and as epiphenomena of biopolitics; the model of war, the discourse of counter-history and the war of races as the antecedents that, in the Foucauldian analysis, led, inside the European societies and States, but also in an inseparable relationship with the systems of classification and social hierarchy of the colonies, to the idea of racism, or at least, to a certain paradigmatic development of what we conceive as racism; and finally, a series of tentative conclusions about the ideas that Foucault proposes to address and analyze racism, assessing the scope and potentialities of these ideas.

Resumen Este artículo analiza las ideas que Foucault produjo sobre la cuestión del racismo con el fin de evaluar sus alcances y potencialidades para seguir pensando hoy esa problemática, para interactuar con ella, pero también para discutir con esa perspectiva y para revisar las transmutaciones, los trastocamientos y las nuevas configuraciones que el racismo puede asumir actualmente. El desarrollo argumental se estructura a partir del examen de los siguientes puntos: la noción de racismo elaborada por Foucault y su complementaria de racismo de Estado, como transformaciones fundamentales de la idea de la guerra de razas y del discurso de la contra-historia y como epifenómenos de la biopolítica; el modelo de la guerra, el discurso de la contra-historia y la guerra de razas como los antecedentes que, en el análisis foucaultiano, llevaron, en el interior de las sociedades y los Estados europeos, pero también en una relación inescindible con los sistemas de clasificación y jerarquización social de las colonias, a la idea de racismo, o al menos, a un cierto desarrollo paradigmático de aquello que concebimos como racismo; y finalmente, una serie de conclusiones tentativas acerca de las ideas que Foucault propone para abordar y analizar el racismo, sopesando los alcances y las potencialidades de esas ideas.

Abstract Objective: To describe the evolution of our Pharmacy Service in relation to the objectives of Proyecto 2020 (Project 2020) of the Sociedad Española Farmacia Hospitalaria (Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy), to identify weak points, and to implement improvement actions to achieve the set objectives. Method: A 10-year prospective observational study. We analysed the initial situation of the Pharmacy Service and conducted follow-up reassessments. We developed a questionnaire comprising the 28 goals of the five strategic focus areas (blocks) of the project based on a 4-level quantitative classification of these goals: level A, implementation in all areas (3 points); level B, implementation in some areas (2 points); level C, not implemented, but formally discussed (1 point); or level D, not addressed (0 points). After each assessment, we identified the goals with the lowest scores and determined which improvement actions needed to be implemented. After each assessment, the targets with lower score were identified and improvement actions needed to be implemented were decided. Results: The initial assessment was conducted in 2010. The overall score was 42/84 and the highest score (7/9) related to the block scientific evidence. The follow-up reassessments (2014, 2019) and the final one (2020) showed an overall gradual increase in level A scores (18% vs 53%) and a decrease in level C (43% vs 4%) and D objectives (14% vs 4%). All blocks improved their score, obtaining a final score of 68/84 (31% increase). A total of 18 weak points were identified and appropriate improvement actions were implemented, which included automation, quality management, the creation of multidisciplinary working groups, the prevention of medication errors, the incorporation of intelligent pumps or therapeutic drug monitoring among other solutions. Conclusions: Projects promoted by scientific societies help to prioritize improvement actions in health organizations that contribute to improve their quality. Follow up conducted within Project 2020 has led to improvements in all blocks and positive impacts on the quality of pharmaceutical practice.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la evolución de nuestro Servicio de Farmacia con respecto a los objetivos del Proyecto 2020 de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria, la identificación de puntos débiles y la implementación de acciones de mejora dirigidas a alcanzar los objetivos planteados. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo de 10 años de duración. Se analizó la situación basal y se realizaron reevaluaciones de seguimiento y de situación final. Se elaboró un cuestionario que contemplaba los 28 objetivos de los cinco bloques del proyecto basándose en cuatro niveles según si el objetivo estaba implantado en todas las áreas (A), implantado en algunas áreas (B), si se había debatido formalmente pero no estaba implantado (C) o si no se había considerado (D). Para la evaluación cuantitativa se asignaron 3 puntos a los objetivos de nivel A, 2 puntos a los de nivel B, 1 punto a los de nivel C y 0 puntos a los de nivel D. Tras cada evaluación se identificaron los puntos débiles (los de menor puntuación) y se decidieron acciones de mejora a implementar. Resultados: En 2010 se realizó la evaluación inicial obteniendo una puntuación de 42/84, siendo el bloque de evidencia científica el de mayor puntuación (7/9). En las diferentes evaluaciones de seguimiento (2014, 2019) y final (2020) se observó un incremento gradual de los objetivos de nivel A (18% versus 53%) y una reducción de los objetivos de nivel C (43% versus 4%) y D (14% versus 4%). Todos los bloques mejoraron, obteniendo una puntuación global final de 68/84 (31% de incremento). Se identificaron 18 puntos débiles y se implementaron sus correspondientes acciones de mejora, incluyendo robotización, gestión de la calidad, creación de grupos de trabajo multidisciplinares, prevención de errores de medicación, implementación de bombas inteligentes o la monitorización farmacocinética, entre otras. Conclusiones: La adherencia a proyectos promovidos por sociedades científicas ayudan a priorizar acciones de mejora en las organizaciones sanitarias que contribuyen a mejorar la calidad de las mismas. En nuestro Servicio de Farmacia, el seguimiento del Proyecto 2020 ha conllevado una mejora en todos los bloques, lo que repercute positivamente en la calidad de la práctica farmacéutica.

RESUMEN Como bien lo definen los ODS, el consumo y producción sostenibles consisten en hacer más y mejor con menos, en procura de minimizar la degradación ambiental, sin que ello implique detrimento de la calidad de vida de las personas. El propósito de este artículo es adelantar el mapeo de la producción científica global en torno al consumo sostenible, y de esta manera identificar avances teórico-conceptuales, tendencias investigativas, logros, propuestas y dinámica de la producción científica en el tiempo. Para ello se acudió a la consulta de información temática publicada en la base de datos Web of Science, mediante la ecuación de búsqueda Sustainable Consumption, por título y durante el período 1997-2020. El análisis bibliométrico se realizó haciendo uso de herramientas de código abierto como R-Studio y Bibliometrix, que permitieron identificar producción científica anual, autores y fuentes de mayor reconocimiento y artículos más citados. Para la visualización de datos en red se utilizó el software VOSviewer. Los aspectos teóricos de mayor valor dan cuenta del tránsito y retos en los que están las sociedades modernas, en todo su conjunto, en procura de hacer del consumo sostenible una práctica cotidiana. En este sentido, se destacan las tendencias modernas de adopción de comportamientos y hábitos de consumo auto-restrictivos, la segunda vida de los productos, los simplificadores voluntarios, los cambios de modos de producción, la eficiencia energética y el consumo de alimentos sostenibles. El paradigma emergente del consumo sostenible, privilegia el papel de la ecología industrial, la economía circular y las economías colaborativas, como agentes mediadores de las relaciones productores-consumidores-medio ambiente y como última alternativa sugiere el decrecimiento económico como única fórmula hacia el consumo y desarrollo sostenibles. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL Q57, Q01, 125, O13 CONTENIDO Introducción; 1. Método y recolección de datos; 2. Análisis bibliométrico del mapeo científico; 3. Análisis y visualización de redes de producción científica; 4. Conclusiones; Referencias.

RESUMO Como bem definido pelos ODS, consumo e produção sustentáveis consistem em fazer mais e melhor com menos, na tentativa de minimizar a degradação ambiental, sem prejuízo da qualidade de vida das pessoas. O objetivo deste artigo é avançar no mapeamento da produção científica global em torno do consumo sustentável e, dessa forma, identificar avanços teórico-conceituais, tendências de pesquisas, realizações, propostas e dinâmicas da produção científica ao longo do tempo. Para isso, foram consultadas informações temáticas publicadas na base de dados Web of Science, utilizando a equação de busca "Consumo sustentável", por título; durante o período 1997-2020. A análise bibliométrica foi realizada por meio de ferramentas open source como R-Studio e Bibliome-trix, que permitiram identificar a produção científica anual, os autores e fontes mais reconhecidas e os artigos mais citados. O software VOSviewer foi usado para visualizar os dados na rede. Os aspectos teóricos de maior valor respondem pelo trânsito e pelos desafios em que as sociedades modernas se encontram, como um todo, na tentativa de fazer do consumo sustentável uma prática cotidiana. Nesse sentido, destacam-se as tendências modernas na adoção de comportamentos e hábitos de consumo auto restritivos, a segunda vida de produtos, simplificadores voluntários, mudanças nos modos de produção, eficiência energética e consumo alimentar sustentável. O paradigma emergente do consumo sustentável privilegia o papel da ecologia industrial, da economia circular e das economias colaborativas, como agentes mediadores das relações produtor-consumidor-ambiente e, como última alternativa, sugere o decréscimo económico como única fórmula para o consumo e o desenvolvimento sustentável. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL Q57, Q01, 125, O13 CONTEÚDO Introdução; 1. Método e coleta de dados; 2. Análise bibliométrica de mapeamento científico; 3.Análise e visualização de redes de produção científica; 4. Conclusões; Bibliografia.

ABSTRACT As well defined by the SDG, sustainable consumption and production consist of doing more and better with less to minimize environmental degradation without detriment to people's quality of life. The purpose of this article is to advance the mapping of global scientific production around sustainable consumption, and in this way, to identify theoretical-conceptual advances, research trends, achievements, proposals, and dynamics of scientific production over time. To do this, we consulted the thematic information published in the Web of Science database, using the search equation "Sustainable Consumption" by title and during the period 1997-2020. The bibliometric analysis was carried out using open source tools such as R-Studio and Bibliometrix, which identified annual scientific production, the most widely recognized authors and sources, and the most cited articles. The VOS viewer software was used to view data on the network. The theoretical aspects of most significant value account for the transit and challenges in which modern societies are, as a whole, making sustainable consumption a daily practice. In this sense, modern trends in adopting self-restrictive behaviors and consumption habits, the second life of products, voluntary simplifiers, changes in production modes, energy efficiency, and sustainable food consumption stand out. The emerging paradigm of sustainable consumption privileges the role of industrial ecology, circular economy, and collaborative economies as mediators of producer-consumer-environment relations and as a last alternative, it suggests economic decline as the only formula towards sustainable consumption and development. JEL CLASSIFICATION Q57, Q01, I25, O13 CONTENT Introduction; 1. Method and data collection; 2. Bibliometric analysis of scientific mapping; 3. Analysis and visualization of scientific production networks; 4. Conclusions; Bibliography.

ABSTRACT: In Chiapas, and particularly in the Highland region, few colonial indigenous documents have been found that are similar to those produced by the neighboring Maya peoples of the Guatemala Highlands and the Yucatan Peninsula. The question of whether or not such sources exist is an legitimate one, considering the importance of these testimonies for linking Postclassic historical processes to the development of indigenous societies in the Colonial era. In this respect, the Chiapa Title is an exception. It is a record that gives us a glimpse of the dynamics and conflicts that unfolded between two large political centers: Chiapa and Zinacantan. Thus, the objective of this article is not to reexamine the content of the document, whose classification as a ''title'' is erroneous, but to analyze the nature and form of this fragment and contextualize it in the framework of the legal discourse of the era and the conflicts between the so-called ''pueblos indios''. To this end, we set forth the methodological guidelines used in our examination of the document, as well as reflections on its complex connection to the still fragmentary archeological corpus from the Postclassic period and its transition to the Colonial era.

RESUMEN: En Chiapas, y en la zona particular de los Altos, se han hallado pocos documentos indígenas coloniales similares a los de sus vecinos mayas del altiplano guatemalteco o de la península de Yucatán. Cuestionarse sobre la existencia de tales fuentes resulta una duda legítima cuando sabemos la importancia de dichos testimonios para enlazar los procesos históricos posclásicos y el devenir de las sociedades indígenas en la era colonial. En ese sentido, el Título de Chiapa figura como una excepción. Se trata de un expediente cuyo contenido nos permite vislumbrar las dinámicas y conflictos entre dos grandes centros políticos, Chiapa y Zinacantán. De ahí que el objetivo del presente artículo no sea volver a examinar el contenido del documento, denominado erróneamente como “título”, sino analizar la naturaleza y forma de este fragmento, así como contextualizarlo en el marco de los discursos legales de la época y de los litigios entre los llamados pueblos de indios. Para ello, exponemos las pautas metodológicas que seguimos en el estudio del documento, así como una reflexión sobre su complejo enlace con el corpus arqueológico todavía fragmentario para el período Posclásico y su transición hacia la época colonial.

RESUMO Diferentes povos dos continentes americano e africano, genericamente classificados como índios e negros, reelaboraram suas culturas, identidades e redes de sociabilidade em processos de interação entre si e com outros atores nas sociedades coloniais e pós-coloniais do Brasil. Muitos deles que, por razões diversas, foram invisibilizados ou se autoinvisibilizaram no decorrer do século XIX, reaparecem hoje através de processos de etnogênese, incentivando novos estudos sobre suas trajetórias. Com foco sobre o Brasil oitocentista e algumas incursões a períodos anteriores e posteriores, pretende-se analisar as construções e os significados das imagens, discursos, silenciamentos e formas de classificação étnica e social sobre os índios e os negros, de forma comparativa e articulada às suas próprias atuações políticas e culturais que os levavam a assumir ou rejeitar as identidades a eles atribuídas.

ABSTRACT Different peoples of the American and African continents, generically classified as Indians and Blacks, rebuilt their cultures, identities and social networks in processes of interaction with each other and with other actors in colonial and post-colonial societies in Brazil. Many of them who, for different reasons, were made invisible or self-invisible during the 19th century, reappear today, through ethnogenesis processes, encouraging new studies on their trajectories. With a focus on nineteenth-century Brazil and some incursions to previous and subsequent periods, we intend to analyze the constructions and meanings of images, speeches, silences and forms of ethnic and social classification on Indians and Blacks, in a comparative and articulated way, taking into account their own political and cultural actions that led them to assume or reject the identities attributed to them.

Abstract Agriculture is an essential activity for the development of human societies. However, with the emergence of modern societies there is a trend towards less sustainable production systems. Within this context, agribusiness agriculture has caused severe environmental impacts, and in turn, has led to the search for new, more sustainable production schemes. Among these schemes, the agroecological transition, that is, the transition to agriculture without external inputs, has received much attention. Like many Latin American countries, Mexico follows the general trends and agricultural activity developed under the agro-industrial model, generating a large number of widely documented environmental problems. Faced with these problems, the agroecological transition has been an important issue, although mainly among peasant and social movements. As differences are observed in the different regions of Mexico, due to their specific characteristics, the knowledge of their dynamics under a regional approach is of utmost importance and allows us to reflect on the opportunities for transition towards more sustainable forms of production. This article aims to analyze the dynamics of agricultural land use in the middle basin of the Ayuquila-Armería river in the southwest of the state of Jalisco, in western Mexico. The analysis presented is based on a spatial and temporal characterization of the crops of the spring-summer cycle sown during the period 1995-2017. The methodology used is based on a bibliographic review of the socio-environmental problems of this region, an inventory of the crops developed in the mentioned period, using information from 172 interviews applied to producers in the nine municipalities of the middle Ayuquila river basin- Armory during 2012. The PROCAMPO and PROAGRO registers of the spring-summer cycle of the analysis period (1995-2017) were also consulted. The identified crops were categorized into three classes: 1) non-agroindustrial crops, 2) intermediate and 3) agroindustrial, based on a number of sustainability indicators. Through the use of geographic information systems, these crops and their corresponding classification were georeferenced and spatially interpolated, using the Inverse Distance Interpolation (IDW) tool. The results show that agricultural production in the middle basin of the Ayuquila-Armería river is centered on 15 crops that are mainly considered as agro-industrial crops. However, we observe differences within the region in terms of the presence of non-agroindustrial crops, which shows a differential potential for the agroecological transition. The opportunities of the agroecological transition are higher in the municipalities of Unión de Tula, Tolimán, Tuxcacuesco and Zapotitlán de Vadillo, but in different ways. Some of the reasons are that in the last three they form a corridor with similar physical and socioeconomic conditions. However, in the municipalities of Tolimán and Tuxcacuesco various agribusinesses are established that make the place recognized as one of the most important areas for tomato production nationwide. On the other hand, thinking about a transition in the municipalities of Autlán-El Grullo and El Limón, represents a greater challenge, because historically this valley has been occupied by national and foreign agricultural companies that have demanded different products, but mainly sugarcane. of sugar for the mill (Ingenio Melchor Ocampo) installed in the municipality of Autlán. Based on the study that was carried out in the middle basin of the Ayuquila-Armería river, it can be concluded that classifying the crops into agro-industrial, intermediate and non-agro-industrial and visualizing their spatio-temporal presence, allows us to understand the regional agricultural dynamics and the regional potential. and intraregional for the agricultural transition. In this sense, the analysis with geographic information systems showed that agro-industrial crops form “clusters” that exceed the political limits between municipalities, causing the encapsulation of non-agro-industrial crops, but that they can be seen as “agro-ecological niches”. However, changing the mode of production of agroindustrial crops is not an easy task, since it goes beyond the substitution of agrochemicals for organic inputs. Actions such as the conservation of the identified agroecological niches are key to guaranteeing food sovereignty and sustainability in the region. That is why strengthening and linking them ensures the maintenance of their knowledge and the development of more sustainable agriculture.

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Abstract: Craniosynostosis is defined as the premature fusion of one or more skull sutures, characterized by an abnormal shape of the head. It is a rare condition but should be recognized and timely referred to Neurosurgery in order to prevent complications. The objective of this review is to describe the most frequent clinical and genetic characteristics of this pathology, its classification according to the shape of the skull, and the most characteristic signs to achieve timely recognition. A search for scientific articles in Pubmed, Scielo, and EMBASE databases was performed using the terms craniosynostosis, plagiocephaly, scaphocephaly, and brachycephaly. We selected articles in Spanish and English that described the characteristics of the pathology and about its management, choosing systematic reviews or recommendations from scientific societies when available. Craniosynostosis may occur in isola tion or associated with other deformities. Its classification depends on the affected suture(s), leading to the characteristic shape of the skull and the presence of other malformations. This condition is usually diagnosed and referred late, which is associated with complications such as intracranial hy pertension and impaired brain development. Early surgery has less comorbidity and better esthetic results. In conclusion, the abnormal shape of the skull must raise the suspicion of craniosynostosis, even if it occurs in isolation. Surgical management before one year of life is associated with a better prognosis.

Resumen: La craneosinostosis se define como el cierre prematuro de una o más suturas del cráneo, que se manifiesta por una forma anormal de la cabeza. Es una condición infrecuente, pero requiere ser reconocida y derivada oportunamente a Neurocirugía para prevenir complicaciones. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir las características clínicas y genéticas más frecuentes de esta patología, su clasificación de acuerdo a la forma del cráneo y los signos más característicos para lograr reconocerla oportunamente. Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos en bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo y EMBASE con las palabras craneosinostosis, plagio, escafo y braquicefalia. Se seleccionaron artículos en español e inglés que describieran las características de la patología y su manejo, optando por revisiones sistemáticas o recomendaciones de sociedades científicas cuando estuvieran disponibles. La craneosinostosis puede presentarse en forma aislada o asociada a otras deformidades. Su clasifi cación depende de la(s) sutura(s) afectada(s), lo que lleva a la forma característica del cráneo y de la presencia de otras malformaciones. Suele diagnosticarse y derivarse de forma tardía, lo que se asocia a complicaciones como hipertensión endocraneana y alteración del desarrollo encefálico. La cirugía precoz tiene menor comorbilidad y mejores resultados estético. En conclusión, la forma anormal del cráneo debe hacer sospechar la presencia de craneosinostosis, aunque se presente en forma aislada. El manejo quirúrgico antes del año de vida se asocia a mejor pronóstico.