RESUMO Populações de percevejos Piezodorus guildinii e Dichelops furcatus são naturalmente reguladas por predadores e parasitoides de ovos. No entanto, esses inimigos naturais podem ser afetados pela aplicação de inseticidas não seletivos comumente utilizados no controle químico dos percevejos. Objetivou-se avaliar a toxicidade de dinotefurano em predadores e parasitoides de ovos associados a populações de P. guildinii e D. furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) em condições de campo. Predadores e parasitoides de ovos foram registrados semanalmente de V2 a R7, em parcelas de soja tratadas e não tratadas com dinotefurano. Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) estava presente em 100 % das massas de ovos parasitados em ambas as espécies de percevejos e tratamentos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na proporção de parasitismo e na razão sexual entre os tratamentos para nenhuma das espécies. A proporção de emergência da massa de ovos mostrou diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para P. guildinii, mas não para D. furcatus. A aplicação de dinotefurano não afetou a presença de predadores generalistas como Araneae, Syrphidae e Chrysopidae. Dinotefurano pode ser considerado seletivo para esses predadores, mas não para P. guildinii. entanto Objetivouse Objetivou se P D Hemiptera (Hemiptera Pentatomidae campo V R7 R Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Scelionidae 10 Araneae Chrysopidae 1

ABSTRACT Piezodorus guildinii and Dichelops furcatus stink bug populations are naturally regulated by predators and egg parasitoids. However, these natural enemies can be affected by the application of non-selective insecticides commonly employed for stink bug chemical control. This study aimed to evaluate the dinotefuran toxicity on predators and egg parasitoids associated with P. guildinii and D. furcatus (Hemimpera: Pentatomidae) populations under field conditions. Predators and egg parasitoids were recorded weekly from V2 to R7, in dinotefuran-treated and untreated soybean plots. Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was present on 100 % of the egg masses parasitized on both stink bugs species and treatments. No significant differences were found in parasitism proportion and sex ratio between treatments for either species. The egg mass emergence proportion showed significant differences among the treatments for P. guildinii, but not for D. furcatus. The dinotefuran application did not affect the presence of generalist predators as Araneae, Syrphidae and Chrysopidae. Dinotefuran can be considered selective for these predators, but not for P. guildinii. However nonselective non control P D Hemimpera (Hemimpera Pentatomidae conditions V R7 R dinotefurantreated treated plots Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Scelionidae 10 Araneae Chrysopidae 1

RESUMO Duponchelia fovealis é uma praga severa no cultivo do morangueiro. Na busca de uma alternativa de agente de controle biológico, avaliamos o impacto de uma dieta composta por ovos de Ephestia kuehniella ou D. fovealis oferecidas às larvas de Chrysoperla externa em seu subsequente desenvolvimento e sobrevivência, sob condições controladas. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biológicos e reprodutivos de C. externa e a predação diária de ovos de D. fovealis por C. externa. Por fim, foi construída a tabela de vida de fertilidade. A duração do período do ovo à pupa diferiu significativamente entre as dietas. O peso das pupas de C. externa foi significativamente maior quando alimentadas com ovos de D. fovealis para machos de primeira e segunda geração. Os machos tenderam a viver mais tempo com uma dieta baseada em ovos de D. fovealis, mas não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre as dietas para as fêmeas. O período de oviposição tendeu a ser mais longo em C. externa alimentada com ovos de D. fovealis. A predação média diária da primeira geração de C. externa foi afetada pela dieta. O tempo entre cada geração e a taxa líquida de reprodução foram maiores para C. externa alimentada com ovos de D. fovealis do que quando alimentada com ovos de E. kuehniella. Nossos resultados comprovaram que os ovos de D. fovealis são uma dieta adequada para o desenvolvimento de C. externa. Esta informação é valiosa no desenvolvimento de protocolos para o uso de C. externa como agente de controle desta praga. morangueiro biológico D sobrevivência controladas C fim fertilidade fêmeas E

ABSTRACT Duponchelia fovealis is an important pest in strawberry crops. In search of an alternative biological control method, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of a diet composed of Ephestia kuehniella or D. fovealis eggs offered to Chrysoperla externa larvae on their subsequent development and survival under controlled conditions. Biological and reproductive parameters of C. externa were assessed. Additionally, the daily predation of D. fovealis eggs by C. externa was analyzed. Finally, a fertility life table was constructed. The egg-to-pupa development time differed significantly between diets. The weights of firstand second-generation male C. externa pupae were significantly higher when fed on D. fovealis eggs. Males tended to live longer on a diet based on D. fovealis eggs, but females presented no significant differences between diets. The oviposition period tended to be longer for C. externa fed on D. fovealis eggs. The time between generations and the net reproductive rate were greater for C. externa fed on D. fovealis eggs. The results showed that D. fovealis eggs are a suitable diet for the development of C. externa. This information is important for developing protocols for the use of C. externa as a biocontrol agent against this pest. crops method D conditions C assessed Additionally analyzed Finally constructed eggtopupa egg pupa diets secondgeneration second generation

Abstract Green-lacewings are entomophagous insects of economic importance that prey on numerous pests harmful to agriculture. The Chrysopidae specimens studied were collected between 2021-2022 on foliage of citrus grown in localities of the central zone of Chile. The identification of the species was carried out by observing the morphological diagnostic characteristics of adults and larvae. The presence of the species Chrysoperla asoralis and Chrysoperla argentina present in citrus crops is reported for the first time in the country.

Resumen Las crisopas son insectos entomófagos de importancia económica que depredan numerosas plagas nocivas para la agricultura. Los ejemplares de Chrysopidae estudiados fueron recolectados entre los años 2021-2022 sobre follaje de cítricos cultivados en localidades de la zona central de Chile. La identificación de las especies fue realizada mediante la observación de las características morfológicas diagnósticas de adultos y larvas. Se reporta por primera vez en el país la presencia de Chrysoperla asoralis y Chrysoperla argentina presentes en cultivos de cítricos.

Resumen Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) es un depredador utilizado en el control biológico de plagas, por lo que establecer métodos de reproducción en laboratorio es fundamental para el uso de estos organismos en campo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener los parámetros biológicos y poblacionales de esta especie en condiciones de laboratorio. El experimento se realizó en el laboratorio de Control Biológico del Colegio de Posgraduados, Campus Puebla en el año 2021; con una población colectada en la zona productora de hortalizas en Los Reyes de Juárez, Puebla. Siguiendo un protocolo de cría estandarizado y después de que la población fue adaptada a las condiciones de laboratorio, se realizaron bioensayos para obtener los parámetros poblacionales, individualizando 50 huevos en cajas petri observando el desarrollo hasta la etapa adulta. Se formaron tres parejas de adultos y se les dio seguimiento hasta la muerte. El periodo de preoviposición fue de 4.6 días, y longevidad media de 53 días, en promedio una hembra puso en total 1 289 huevos, 25.56 huevos por día, y eclosión de 88.35%. El desarrollo promedio de huevo a adulto fue de 24.19 días con supervivencia acumulada de 32% y una ratio sexual de 0.6, el valor de rm fue 0.18014. El conocimiento generado en este trabajo ha sido de gran utilidad para programar la cría de este insecto, obtener la producción de huevos en fechas determinadas y para las personas que quisieran dedicarse a la cría de este depredador.

Abstract Chrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a predator used in biological pest control, so establishing laboratory breeding methods is essential for the use of these organisms in the field. The objective of this work was to obtain the biological and population parameters of this species under laboratory conditions. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Biological Control of the College of Postgraduates, Puebla Campus in 2021; with a population collected in the vegetable-growing area in Los Reyes de Juárez, Puebla. Following a standardized breeding protocol and after the population was adapted to the laboratory conditions, bioassays were performed to obtain the population parameters, individualizing 50 eggs in Petri dishes, and observing the development until the adult stage. Three couples of adults were formed and followed until death. The preoviposition period was 4.6 days, average longevity of 53 days, on average a female laid a total of 1 289 eggs, 25.56 eggs per day, and a hatching of 88.35%. The average development from egg to adult was 24.19 days with cumulative survival of 32% and a sex ratio of 0.6, the rm value was 0.18014. The knowledge generated in this work has been very useful to program the breeding of this insect, obtain egg production on certain dates, and for people who would like to engage in the breeding of this predator.

ABSTRACT Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Meneville) are voracious generalist predators, and important aphid control agents. In an environment containing a complex of species, the occurrence of intraguild interactions can interfere in the predator behavior and consumption. The aim of this work was to know the number of nymphs of Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson) and Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) consumed by larvae of C. externa and H. convergens, and the interaction between these predators when confined together. First, second and third instar nymphs of R. porosum and M. rosae were provided in Petri dishes containing rose leaflets and second instar larvae of the predators. Intraguild interaction was studied in Petri dishes containing first instar nymphs of both aphid species and a second instar larva of C. externa plus one of H. convergens. A third treatment consisted of dishes containing a second instar larva of both predators maintained in the absence of prey. The evaluations took place throughout the entire instar of the predators. C. externa consumed a greater number of R. porosum nymphs and H. convergens a greater number of M. rosae nymphs. For both species of prey, the highest consumption was verified on the last day of evaluation. There was a positive interaction when the predator’s larvae were confined in the presence of aphid nymphs, with no mortality observed for any of them. In the absence of prey, there was 70% mortality of H. convergens larvae due to intraguild predation. Hagen (Hagen GuérinMeneville Guérin Meneville (Guérin-Meneville agents Sanderson (Sanderson Linnaeus (Linnaeus C H together First R M prey evaluation s them 70 predation 7

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a ação residual dos inseticidas acetamipride + etofenproxi, espinetoram, indoxacarbe e metoxifenozida sobre o predador Chrysoperla externa Hagen, 1861 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Os bioensaios seguiram as metodologias propostas pela International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). Os inseticidas foram pulverizados em plantas de videira cv. Borgonha, usando a dosagem máxima de campo recomendada para frutíferas. Larvas e adultos do predador foram expostos às folhas contendo os resíduos do inseticida, aos 3, 10, 17, 24 e 31 dias após a pulverização, para determinar o efeito residual sobre os seguintes parâmetros biológicos: mortalidade, fecundidade e fertilidade. Com base na toxicidade observada durante os bioensaios, os inseticidas foram classificados de acordo com a classificação de persistência da IOBC. Espinetoram foi classificado como moderadamente persistente para larvas e levemente persistente para adultos, indoxacarbe também foi considerado moderadamente persistente para larvas e, como de vida curta para a fase adulta do crisopídeo, mostrando assim a diferença de suscetibilidade entre os estágios de desenvolvimento de C. externa. Os inseticidas acetamiprido + etofenproxi e metoxifenozida são os mais indicados para aplicação ecologicamente segura, em áreas onde o predador ocorre naturalmente, pois são classificados como inseticidas de vida curta (classe 1) para os estágios larval e adulto de C. externa. espinetoram Hagen 186 Neuroptera (Neuroptera Chrysopidae. Chrysopidae . Chrysopidae) IOBC (IOBC) cv Borgonha frutíferas inseticida 3 10 17 2 pulverização biológicos mortalidade fertilidade crisopídeo C segura naturalmente classe 1 18 (IOBC

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the residual action of the insecticides acetamiprid + etofenprox, spinetoram, indoxacarb and methoxyfenozide on the predator Chrysoperla externa Hagen, 1861 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The bioassays followed the methodologies proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). The insecticides were sprayed on grapevine plants cv. Burgundy, using the maximum recommended field dosage for fruit trees. Larvae and adults of the predator were exposed to leaves containing the insecticide residues, at 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days after spraying, to determine the residual effect on the following biological parameters: mortality, fecundity and fertility. Based on the toxicity observed during the bioassays, the insecticides were classified according to the IOBC persistence scale. Spinetoram was classified as moderately persistent to larvae and slightly persistent to adults, indoxacarb also he was consideredpersistent for larvae and as a short-lived for the adult stage of the lacewing, thus showing the difference in susceptibility between the stages of development of C. externa. The insecticides acetamiprid + etofenprox and methoxyfenozide are the most suitable for ecologically safe application, in areas where the predator occurs because they are classified as short-lived insecticides for the larval and adult stages of C. externa. spinetoram Hagen 186 Neuroptera (Neuroptera Chrysopidae. Chrysopidae . Chrysopidae) IOBC. (IOBC) cv Burgundy trees residues 3 10 17 2 spraying parameters mortality fertility scale shortlived short lived lacewing C application 18 (IOBC 1

Abstract Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest control approach that considers all available strategies and their subsequent integration for pest control. The Biological Control (BC) of pests through the use of natural enemies is an outstanding strategy. Biological control by generalist predators has had a highlighted relevance in the last decade. This strategy by augmentation demands mass rearing of these organisms. In the Neotropical Region Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is of great importance for its high voracity and its wide range of hosts. The aim of this study was to describe the external changes of the eggs, especially in colour and shape, associated with the intrachorionic development of C. externa embryos, to characterize them morpho-colorimetrically. A practical key from its embryonic development determination was constructed as a tool for mass rearing technique, providing valuable information that could facilitate BC implementation for IPM programs in developing regions.

Resumen El Manejo Integrado de Plagas (MIP) es un enfoque de control de plagas que considera todas las estrategias disponibles y su posterior integración para el control de plagas. Entre sus estrategias se destacan el Control Biológico (CB) mediante el uso de enemigos naturales. El control biológico por depredadores generalistas ha cobrado relevancia en la última década. Esta estrategia por aumento exige la cría masiva de estos organismos. En la Región Neotropical, Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) tiene gran importancia por su alta voracidad y su amplia gama de hospederos. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los cambios externos de los huevos, especialmente en color y forma, asociados al desarrollo intracoriónico de embriones de C. externa, para caracterizarlos morfo-colorimétricamente. Se construyó una clave práctica a partir de la determinación de su desarrollo embrionario como herramienta para la técnica de cría masiva. Esta clave proporciona información valiosa que facilitaría la implementación de CB para programas de MIP en regiones en desarrollo, donde aún es incipiente.

ABSTRACT Two new entomological surveys were carried out in the República Democrática de São Tomé e Principe in 2019 (earlier surveys were in 1956 and 2001). Of 16 species of Neuroptera identified, only one, a Mantispidae, appears endemic to the archipelago. Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae account for the majority of species and individuals collected, concentrated here in plantations and anthropized environments, and known to be widely distributed in Africa and even worldwide. Unusually, the family Coniopterygidae is again absent, this time on natural terrains, confirming its earlier absence in 2001 on anthropized and plantation terrains. The findings and ecological distribution support the hypothesis that Hemerobiidae and Chrysopidae were introduced with cash crop cultivation, some of them as late as the 19th century. Their isolation in island environments is probably too recent to have allowed speciation mechanisms to generate endemic species in São Tomé.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the consumption of Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) nymphs and the predator:prey ratio required for high predatory efficacy and survival of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae under different densities of prey, reared in rose bushes. Consumption by first-, second-, and third-instar larvae of C. externa was assessed. The predatory efficiency and survival of the predator were calculated for larvae in the second instar under densities of 20, 40, 80, 120, and 160 nymphs of P. citri and predator:prey ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20. The assessments were performed after 24 and 48 hours of exposure between species. There was increasing consumption throughout the larval development of C. externa. The predator:prey ratios 1:5 and 1:10 were the most efficient for P. citri population reduction, but the 1:5 ratio led to lower survival of larvae than the 1:10 and 1:20 ratios. There was a positive correlation between C. externa larval density and cannibalism (ρ = 0.45) and a negative correlation between predator density and P. citri population density (ρ = -0.81). Third-instar larvae consume more P. citri nymphs than second-instar larvae. Second-instar larvae of this lacewing released at a 1:20 ratio caused total mortality of mealybug nymphs within 48 hours, regardless the density of P. citri, with high larvae survival of C. externa. Risso, Risso (Risso 1813 Hemiptera (Hemiptera Pseudococcidae predatorprey prey Hagen, Hagen (Hagen 1861 Neuroptera (Neuroptera Chrysopidae bushes first, first , first- second, second- thirdinstar third C assessed 20 40 80 120 16 P 15, 15 1 5, 5 110, 110 10, 10 120. 20. 2 4 species 1: 1:1 reduction 1:2 ρ 0.45 045 0 45 0.81. 081 0.81 . 81 -0.81) Thirdinstar Third secondinstar Secondinstar Second 181 186 8 12 11 0.4 04 08 0.8 -0.81 18 0. -0.8 -0. -0 -

ABSTRACT The species Lainius constellatus Navás is recorded for the first time from Mexico; thus this report represents the northernmost record of the genus and species for the Americas. In addition, it provides data on the variation in color marks and a description of the hypandrium internum. A brief summary of the distribution of the species belonging to the subfamily Apochrysinae is provided, with emphasis on the three American genera, which share distribution mostly in the Pacific domain of the Brazilian subregion, ranging from the Mexican transition zone to possibly the Chacoan subregion. Mexico Americas addition internum provided genera subregion

ABSTRACT The predator Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a polyphagous species that has, among its wide range of acceptable prey, the aphid Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an important pest of rose plants. We assessed the consumption of nymphs and adults of M. rosae by C. externa larvae, the predatory efficiency, and larval survival under different predator:prey ratios, densities of aphids, and ages of aphids. The bioassays were performed at 25 ± 1°C and 70 ± 10% RH under a 12-hour photoperiod, with aphids taken from roses of the cultivar Avalanche. Consumption was assessed by making young aphids (2nd and 3rd instars) and more developed aphids (4th instar and adult) available throughout the larval stage of the predator. The predatory efficiency and survival were studied for second-instar larvae offered M. rosae nymphs at densities of 20, 40, 80, 120, and 160 using predator:prey ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20. The assessments were performed 24, 48, and 72 hours after putting the species together. All of the C. externa instars consumed younger than older aphids. Larvae in the third instar consumed 80% of the young aphids and 77% of the older aphids. The higher the predator:prey ratio and larval density, the higher the predatory efficiency and the lower the larval survival. The ratios 1:5 and 1:10 led to the elimination of younger and older aphid populations 72 hours into the interaction between species. Hagen, Hagen (Hagen 1861 Neuroptera (Neuroptera Chrysopidae has prey Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1758 Hemiptera (Hemiptera Aphididae, Aphididae , Aphididae) plants M C predatorprey 2 1C 1 7 10 12hour hour 12 photoperiod Avalanche 2nd nd rd 4th th adult secondinstar second 20 40 80 120 16 15, 15 5, 5 110, 110 10, 120. 20. 1:20 24 48 together 77 density 1: 1:1 186 175 4 8 11 1:2 18 17

ABSTRACT Rose crops are attacked by many pests, including mealybugs. Although Planoccocus citri is not registered as a main pest of roses in Brazil, it is an increasing problem on roses inside greenhouses. Chrysoperla externa and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri are options against P. citri and other pests on roses, however using two predators in biological control programs may face problems like intraguild predation. This work aimed to assess the consumption of 1st instar nymphs and adult females of P. citri by adults of C. montrouzieri and 3rd instar larvae of C. externa, as well as the interaction between these predators when confined together. The following treatments were performed with ten replications in a completely randomized design: 1 - C. externa + 200 nymphs of P. citri; 2 - C. externa + 10 adults of P. citri; 3 - C. montrouzieri + 500 nymphs of P. citri; 4 - C. montrouzieri + 15 adults of P. citri. Each replication was set on rose leaflets inside a Petri dish (9cm Ø). Intraguild interaction was assessed by releasing both predators inside dishes containing 700 nymphs of P. citri. Before the releases, predators stayed 24 hours without food. We evaluated the prey consumption and intraguild predation for three hours. C. externa consumed significantly less (85,4±2,99) nymphs than did C. montrouzieri (387,0±3,02). There was no difference in adult mealybugs consumed, with an average of 1,85±0,19. No intraguild predation was observed, and an increase of 11,8% in consumption was observed when predators were released together compared to the scenario of no competition. Brazil greenhouses P st C rd design 20 50 9cm cm Ø. Ø . Ø) 70 releases food 85,4±2,99 854299 85 99 (85,4±2,99 387,0±3,02. 3870302 387,0±3,02 387 0 02 (387,0±3,02) 185019 19 1,85±0,19 118 11 8 11,8 competition 5 7 85,4±2,9 85429 9 (85,4±2,9 387030 387,0±3,0 38 (387,0±3,02 18501 1,85±0,1 11, 85,4±2, 8542 (85,4±2, 38703 387,0±3, (387,0±3,0 1850 1,85±0, 85,4±2 854 (85,4±2 3870 387,0±3 (387,0±3, 185 1,85±0 85,4± (85,4± 387,0± (387,0±3 18 1,85± 85,4 (85,4 387,0 (387,0± 1,85 85, (85, 387, (387,0 1,8 (85 (387, 1, (8 (387 ( (38 (3

ABSTRACT This survey presents an overall view of the order Neuroptera from Brazil. A total of 432 valid extant species of Neuroptera divided into ten families, are recorded from the country. Among the Brazilian fauna, 211 species are endemic (48.8%), with the majority belonging to two families: Chrysopidae with 182 species in 19 genera, and Myrmeleontidae with 88 species in 25 genera. The first species discovered from Brazil was Climaciella semihyalina (Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville), in 1825, by European authors. In fact, European authors entirely dominated the description of Brazilian Neuroptera during the 19th century. Father Longinos Navás from Spain authored the highest number of species described from Brazil, 98, followed by US-American Norman Penny, with 83 species. Sérgio de Freitas, a Brazilian researcher, ranks third, with a total of 50 species described. It was not until the 21st century that the study of neuropterans from Brazil was primarily led by Brazilian-born authors. Primary type specimens of species described from Brazil are predominantly deposited in non-Brazilian institutions (65.7%). The order Neuroptera is distributed across all Brazilian states, except for Alagoas. The two states with the highest neuropteran biodiversity are Amazonas and São Paulo, with 132 and 124 species, respectively. Among the Brazilian biomes, the Mata Atlântica is the most diverse region with 227 known species, followed by the Amazônia with 192 species. Data on immature stages of Neuroptera are scarce and known for only 47 species recorded from Brazil (10.9%). 43 families country fauna 21 48.8%, 488 48.8% , 48 8 (48.8%) 18 1 genera 2 Le AudinetServille, AudinetServille Audinet Serville Audinet-Serville) 1825 fact th 98 USAmerican US American Penny Freitas researcher third 5 st Brazilianborn born nonBrazilian non 65.7%. 657 65.7% . 65 7 (65.7%) Alagoas Paulo 13 12 respectively biomes 22 4 10.9%. 109 10.9% 10 9 (10.9%) 48.8 (48.8% Audinet-Serville 65.7 6 (65.7% 10.9 (10.9% 48. (48.8 65. (65.7 10. (10.9 (48. (65. (10. (48 (65 (10 (4 (6 (1 (

Resumen Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) es un depredador que se encuentra en varios ecosistemas agrícolas y se alimenta de insectos y ácaros fitófagos. Su alto potencial reproductivo y capacidad depredadora lo convierten en un candidato para el control biológico de plagas agrícolas. Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) es una plaga importante que puede dañar varias especies de palmeras, en particular, Cocos nucifera L. Debido a la escasa información sobre aspectos biológicos de crisópidos alimentados con ácaros fitófagos, se planteó el presente estudio con el objetivo de conocer el desarrollo larval de C. claveri teniendo como presa principal a R. indica. Esta información es necesaria para considerarlo en el manejo integrado de esta plaga. La evaluación se realizó sobre la generación F0. La larva 3 es el instar que mayor cantidad de ácaros consume (F value = 32,99; P > 0,0001) (L3: 46,80 ± 10,12 a; L2: 9,80 ± 1,23 b; L1: 9,40 ± 1,58 b). C. claveri no completó su desarrollo larval al alimentarse únicamente con R. indica viviendo los ínstares larvales 7,4 ± 2,2; 7,6 ± 1,9 y 9,0 ± 3,9 para L1, L2 y L3 respectivamente. Las larvas que llegaron al estado de pupa no lograron superar esta etapa. Al adicionar huevo de Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) a la dieta de L3, el desarrollo fue 7,9 ± 0,2; 7,4 ± 0,8; 6,5 ± 0,9 y 13,6 ± 0,9 días para L1, L2, L3 y pupa respectivamente. El adulto vivió en promedio 6,7 ± 4,9 d. La relación sexual fue rs = 0,42. De acuerdo con las condiciones en las que se realizó el experimento, se puede inferir que C. claveri no completa su desarrollo al alimentarse únicamente con R. indica y en consecuencia toma a este ácaro como presa ocasional.

Abstract Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a predator found in several agricultural ecosystems and feeds on insects and phytophagous mites. Its high reproductive potential and forage capacity makes it a candidate for biological control of agricultural pests. Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is an important pest that can damage several species of palms, in particular, Cocos nucifera L. Given the scarcity of available knowledge about the biological aspects of Chrysopidae fed with phytophagous mites, the present work aimed to study the larval development of C. claveri fed mainly with R. indica, in order to obtain information that would be of help in the integrated management of this pest. The evaluation was performed in the F0 generation. Larva 3 is the instar that consumes the most mites (F value = 32.99; P > 0.0001) (L3: 46.80 ± 10.12 a; L2: 9.80 ± 1.23 b; L1: 9.40 ± 1.58 b). C. claveri did not complete larval development when fed only with R. indica. Larval instars L1, L2 and L3 lived 7.4 ± 2.2, 7.6 ± 1.9 and 9.0 ± 3.9 days, respectively. The larvae that reached the pupal stage failed to grow further. When adding Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) eggs to the diet, the development lasted 7.9 ± 0.2, 7.4 ± 0.8, 6.5 ± 0.9 and 13.6 ± 0.9 days for L1, L2, L3 and pupae, respectively. The adults lived on average 6.7 ± 4.9 days. The sexual ratio was rt = 0.42. According to the conditions under which the experiment was carried out, it can be inferred is that C. claveri cannot complete its development by feeding only on R. indica, and that it thus consumes this mite as an occasional prey.

RESUMEN Asthenochrysa viridula Adams, 1978 (Chrysopidae: Nothochrysinae) es una especie neotropical. Hasta el momento, esta especie era conocida por unos pocos ejemplares: el holotipo hembra de Misiones, provincia ubicada al noreste de Argentina, y un macho y dos hembras de los estados de Minas Gerais y Espírito Santo en Brasil. En esta contribución se reporta por primera vez la presencia de A. viridula en la provincia de Tucumán, localizada al noroeste de Argentina y en el departamento de Santa Cruz al este de Bolivia.

ABSTRACT Asthenochrysa viridula Adams, 1978 (Chrysopidae: Nothochrysinae) is a neotropical species. Until now, this species was known from only a few specimens: the holotype female from Misiones, a province in northeastern Argentina and a male and two females from the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo in Brazil. In this contribution, A. viridula is reported for the flrst time from Tucumán, a province located in northwestern Argentina and also from Santa Cruz, an eastern department in Bolivia.