ABSTRACT Duponchelia fovealis is an important pest in strawberry crops. In search of an alternative biological control method, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of a diet composed of Ephestia kuehniella or D. fovealis eggs offered to Chrysoperla externa larvae on their subsequent development and survival under controlled conditions. Biological and reproductive parameters of C. externa were assessed. Additionally, the daily predation of D. fovealis eggs by C. externa was analyzed. Finally, a fertility life table was constructed. The egg-to-pupa development time differed significantly between diets. The weights of firstand second-generation male C. externa pupae were significantly higher when fed on D. fovealis eggs. Males tended to live longer on a diet based on D. fovealis eggs, but females presented no significant differences between diets. The oviposition period tended to be longer for C. externa fed on D. fovealis eggs. The time between generations and the net reproductive rate were greater for C. externa fed on D. fovealis eggs. The results showed that D. fovealis eggs are a suitable diet for the development of C. externa. This information is important for developing protocols for the use of C. externa as a biocontrol agent against this pest. crops method D conditions C assessed Additionally analyzed Finally constructed eggtopupa egg pupa diets secondgeneration second generation

RESUMO Duponchelia fovealis é uma praga severa no cultivo do morangueiro. Na busca de uma alternativa de agente de controle biológico, avaliamos o impacto de uma dieta composta por ovos de Ephestia kuehniella ou D. fovealis oferecidas às larvas de Chrysoperla externa em seu subsequente desenvolvimento e sobrevivência, sob condições controladas. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biológicos e reprodutivos de C. externa e a predação diária de ovos de D. fovealis por C. externa. Por fim, foi construída a tabela de vida de fertilidade. A duração do período do ovo à pupa diferiu significativamente entre as dietas. O peso das pupas de C. externa foi significativamente maior quando alimentadas com ovos de D. fovealis para machos de primeira e segunda geração. Os machos tenderam a viver mais tempo com uma dieta baseada em ovos de D. fovealis, mas não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre as dietas para as fêmeas. O período de oviposição tendeu a ser mais longo em C. externa alimentada com ovos de D. fovealis. A predação média diária da primeira geração de C. externa foi afetada pela dieta. O tempo entre cada geração e a taxa líquida de reprodução foram maiores para C. externa alimentada com ovos de D. fovealis do que quando alimentada com ovos de E. kuehniella. Nossos resultados comprovaram que os ovos de D. fovealis são uma dieta adequada para o desenvolvimento de C. externa. Esta informação é valiosa no desenvolvimento de protocolos para o uso de C. externa como agente de controle desta praga. morangueiro biológico D sobrevivência controladas C fim fertilidade fêmeas E

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the residual action of the insecticides acetamiprid + etofenprox, spinetoram, indoxacarb and methoxyfenozide on the predator Chrysoperla externa Hagen, 1861 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The bioassays followed the methodologies proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). The insecticides were sprayed on grapevine plants cv. Burgundy, using the maximum recommended field dosage for fruit trees. Larvae and adults of the predator were exposed to leaves containing the insecticide residues, at 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31 days after spraying, to determine the residual effect on the following biological parameters: mortality, fecundity and fertility. Based on the toxicity observed during the bioassays, the insecticides were classified according to the IOBC persistence scale. Spinetoram was classified as moderately persistent to larvae and slightly persistent to adults, indoxacarb also he was consideredpersistent for larvae and as a short-lived for the adult stage of the lacewing, thus showing the difference in susceptibility between the stages of development of C. externa. The insecticides acetamiprid + etofenprox and methoxyfenozide are the most suitable for ecologically safe application, in areas where the predator occurs because they are classified as short-lived insecticides for the larval and adult stages of C. externa. spinetoram Hagen 186 Neuroptera (Neuroptera Chrysopidae. Chrysopidae . Chrysopidae) IOBC. (IOBC) cv Burgundy trees residues 3 10 17 2 spraying parameters mortality fertility scale shortlived short lived lacewing C application 18 (IOBC 1

Resumo O objetivo foi avaliar a ação residual dos inseticidas acetamipride + etofenproxi, espinetoram, indoxacarbe e metoxifenozida sobre o predador Chrysoperla externa Hagen, 1861 (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Os bioensaios seguiram as metodologias propostas pela International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). Os inseticidas foram pulverizados em plantas de videira cv. Borgonha, usando a dosagem máxima de campo recomendada para frutíferas. Larvas e adultos do predador foram expostos às folhas contendo os resíduos do inseticida, aos 3, 10, 17, 24 e 31 dias após a pulverização, para determinar o efeito residual sobre os seguintes parâmetros biológicos: mortalidade, fecundidade e fertilidade. Com base na toxicidade observada durante os bioensaios, os inseticidas foram classificados de acordo com a classificação de persistência da IOBC. Espinetoram foi classificado como moderadamente persistente para larvas e levemente persistente para adultos, indoxacarbe também foi considerado moderadamente persistente para larvas e, como de vida curta para a fase adulta do crisopídeo, mostrando assim a diferença de suscetibilidade entre os estágios de desenvolvimento de C. externa. Os inseticidas acetamiprido + etofenproxi e metoxifenozida são os mais indicados para aplicação ecologicamente segura, em áreas onde o predador ocorre naturalmente, pois são classificados como inseticidas de vida curta (classe 1) para os estágios larval e adulto de C. externa. espinetoram Hagen 186 Neuroptera (Neuroptera Chrysopidae. Chrysopidae . Chrysopidae) IOBC (IOBC) cv Borgonha frutíferas inseticida 3 10 17 2 pulverização biológicos mortalidade fertilidade crisopídeo C segura naturalmente classe 1 18 (IOBC

ABSTRACT Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Meneville) are voracious generalist predators, and important aphid control agents. In an environment containing a complex of species, the occurrence of intraguild interactions can interfere in the predator behavior and consumption. The aim of this work was to know the number of nymphs of Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson) and Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) consumed by larvae of C. externa and H. convergens, and the interaction between these predators when confined together. First, second and third instar nymphs of R. porosum and M. rosae were provided in Petri dishes containing rose leaflets and second instar larvae of the predators. Intraguild interaction was studied in Petri dishes containing first instar nymphs of both aphid species and a second instar larva of C. externa plus one of H. convergens. A third treatment consisted of dishes containing a second instar larva of both predators maintained in the absence of prey. The evaluations took place throughout the entire instar of the predators. C. externa consumed a greater number of R. porosum nymphs and H. convergens a greater number of M. rosae nymphs. For both species of prey, the highest consumption was verified on the last day of evaluation. There was a positive interaction when the predator’s larvae were confined in the presence of aphid nymphs, with no mortality observed for any of them. In the absence of prey, there was 70% mortality of H. convergens larvae due to intraguild predation. Hagen (Hagen GuérinMeneville Guérin Meneville (Guérin-Meneville agents Sanderson (Sanderson Linnaeus (Linnaeus C H together First R M prey evaluation s them 70 predation 7

ABSTRACT Frankliniella occidentalis is a pest persistent that attacks the Mexican lemon fruit. Given this, the effect of biorational insecticides on thrips pest management and the impact on natural enemies for the cultivation of Mexican lemon in Michoacán, Mexico, was evaluated, in a completely randomized design, with twelve treatments and ten repetitions; the experimental unit was a tree. The variance data homogeneity test, ANOVA, and Tukey’s comparison of means (p ≤ 0.05) were applied. In the data collection, a previous sampling was done as the starting point of the study and comparison. After treatments, samples were taken at 3, 6, 12, 20, 26, 35, and 41 days later. The study variables were: 1) the number of Frankliniella occidentalis thrips; 2) The number of Olla v-nigrum lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); 3) The number of lacewings Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); 4) The number of phytoseiids [predatory mites] Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Garlic extract + chamomile and rue extract reduced the thrips population by 58.47; 9.30; 71.43; 40.20; 50.17; 90.37 and 99.67 % at 3, 6, 12, 20, 26, 35, and 41 days after application, respectively. Tolfenpyrad reached its greatest effect by reducing the coccinellid population by 100 % at 3, 6, 12, 26, and 41 days after application. Garlic oil proved to be a good option for thrips control by reducing its population by an average of 60 % and increasing phytoseiid mites by 800 %.

RESUMEN Frankinella occidentalis es una plaga muy persistente que ataca al limón mexicano. Ante ello, se evaluó el efecto de insecticidas biorracionales para el manejo de trips plaga y el impacto sobre los enemigos naturales para el cultivo de limón mexicano en Michoacán, México, en un diseño completamente al azar, con doce tratamientos y diez repeticiones; la unidad experimental fue un árbol. Se aplicó la prueba de homogeneidad de datos de las varianzas, ANOVA y comparación de medias de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). En la recolección de datos, se hizo un muestreo previo como punto de inicio del estudio y comparación. Posterior a los tratamientos, se realizaron muestreos a los 3, 6, 12, 20, 26, 35 y 41 días después. Las variables de estudio fueron: 1) Número de trips Frankinella occidentalis; 2) Número de catarinas Olla v-nigrum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); 3) Número de crisopas Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); 4) Número de fitoseidos [ácaros depredadores] Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). El Extracto de ajo + extracto de manzanilla y ruda redujo la población de trips en un 58,47; 9,30; 71,43; 40,20; 50,17; 90,37 y 99,67 % a los 3, 6, 12, 20, 26, 35 y 41 días después de la aplicación respectivamente. El Tolfenpyrad alcanzó su mayor efecto de al disminuir en un 100 % la población de coccinélidos a los 3, 6, 12, 26 y 41 días después de la aplicación. El Aceite de ajo mostró ser una buena opción para el control de trips al disminuir la su población en un promedio de 60 %, e incrementó en un 800 % los ácaros fitoseidos.

ABSTRACT The species Lainius constellatus Navás is recorded for the first time from Mexico; thus this report represents the northernmost record of the genus and species for the Americas. In addition, it provides data on the variation in color marks and a description of the hypandrium internum. A brief summary of the distribution of the species belonging to the subfamily Apochrysinae is provided, with emphasis on the three American genera, which share distribution mostly in the Pacific domain of the Brazilian subregion, ranging from the Mexican transition zone to possibly the Chacoan subregion. Mexico Americas addition internum provided genera subregion

ABSTRACT The predator Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a polyphagous species that has, among its wide range of acceptable prey, the aphid Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), an important pest of rose plants. We assessed the consumption of nymphs and adults of M. rosae by C. externa larvae, the predatory efficiency, and larval survival under different predator:prey ratios, densities of aphids, and ages of aphids. The bioassays were performed at 25 ± 1°C and 70 ± 10% RH under a 12-hour photoperiod, with aphids taken from roses of the cultivar Avalanche. Consumption was assessed by making young aphids (2nd and 3rd instars) and more developed aphids (4th instar and adult) available throughout the larval stage of the predator. The predatory efficiency and survival were studied for second-instar larvae offered M. rosae nymphs at densities of 20, 40, 80, 120, and 160 using predator:prey ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20. The assessments were performed 24, 48, and 72 hours after putting the species together. All of the C. externa instars consumed younger than older aphids. Larvae in the third instar consumed 80% of the young aphids and 77% of the older aphids. The higher the predator:prey ratio and larval density, the higher the predatory efficiency and the lower the larval survival. The ratios 1:5 and 1:10 led to the elimination of younger and older aphid populations 72 hours into the interaction between species. Hagen, Hagen (Hagen 1861 Neuroptera (Neuroptera Chrysopidae has prey Linnaeus, Linnaeus (Linnaeus 1758 Hemiptera (Hemiptera Aphididae, Aphididae , Aphididae) plants M C predatorprey 2 1C 1 7 10 12hour hour 12 photoperiod Avalanche 2nd nd rd 4th th adult secondinstar second 20 40 80 120 16 15, 15 5, 5 110, 110 10, 120. 20. 1:20 24 48 together 77 density 1: 1:1 186 175 4 8 11 1:2 18 17

ABSTRACT Rose crops are attacked by many pests, including mealybugs. Although Planoccocus citri is not registered as a main pest of roses in Brazil, it is an increasing problem on roses inside greenhouses. Chrysoperla externa and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri are options against P. citri and other pests on roses, however using two predators in biological control programs may face problems like intraguild predation. This work aimed to assess the consumption of 1st instar nymphs and adult females of P. citri by adults of C. montrouzieri and 3rd instar larvae of C. externa, as well as the interaction between these predators when confined together. The following treatments were performed with ten replications in a completely randomized design: 1 - C. externa + 200 nymphs of P. citri; 2 - C. externa + 10 adults of P. citri; 3 - C. montrouzieri + 500 nymphs of P. citri; 4 - C. montrouzieri + 15 adults of P. citri. Each replication was set on rose leaflets inside a Petri dish (9cm Ø). Intraguild interaction was assessed by releasing both predators inside dishes containing 700 nymphs of P. citri. Before the releases, predators stayed 24 hours without food. We evaluated the prey consumption and intraguild predation for three hours. C. externa consumed significantly less (85,4±2,99) nymphs than did C. montrouzieri (387,0±3,02). There was no difference in adult mealybugs consumed, with an average of 1,85±0,19. No intraguild predation was observed, and an increase of 11,8% in consumption was observed when predators were released together compared to the scenario of no competition. Brazil greenhouses P st C rd design 20 50 9cm cm Ø. Ø . Ø) 70 releases food 85,4±2,99 854299 85 99 (85,4±2,99 387,0±3,02. 3870302 387,0±3,02 387 0 02 (387,0±3,02) 185019 19 1,85±0,19 118 11 8 11,8 competition 5 7 85,4±2,9 85429 9 (85,4±2,9 387030 387,0±3,0 38 (387,0±3,02 18501 1,85±0,1 11, 85,4±2, 8542 (85,4±2, 38703 387,0±3, (387,0±3,0 1850 1,85±0, 85,4±2 854 (85,4±2 3870 387,0±3 (387,0±3, 185 1,85±0 85,4± (85,4± 387,0± (387,0±3 18 1,85± 85,4 (85,4 387,0 (387,0± 1,85 85, (85, 387, (387,0 1,8 (85 (387, 1, (8 (387 ( (38 (3

ABSTRACT This survey presents an overall view of the order Neuroptera from Brazil. A total of 432 valid extant species of Neuroptera divided into ten families, are recorded from the country. Among the Brazilian fauna, 211 species are endemic (48.8%), with the majority belonging to two families: Chrysopidae with 182 species in 19 genera, and Myrmeleontidae with 88 species in 25 genera. The first species discovered from Brazil was Climaciella semihyalina (Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville), in 1825, by European authors. In fact, European authors entirely dominated the description of Brazilian Neuroptera during the 19th century. Father Longinos Navás from Spain authored the highest number of species described from Brazil, 98, followed by US-American Norman Penny, with 83 species. Sérgio de Freitas, a Brazilian researcher, ranks third, with a total of 50 species described. It was not until the 21st century that the study of neuropterans from Brazil was primarily led by Brazilian-born authors. Primary type specimens of species described from Brazil are predominantly deposited in non-Brazilian institutions (65.7%). The order Neuroptera is distributed across all Brazilian states, except for Alagoas. The two states with the highest neuropteran biodiversity are Amazonas and São Paulo, with 132 and 124 species, respectively. Among the Brazilian biomes, the Mata Atlântica is the most diverse region with 227 known species, followed by the Amazônia with 192 species. Data on immature stages of Neuroptera are scarce and known for only 47 species recorded from Brazil (10.9%). 43 families country fauna 21 48.8%, 488 48.8% , 48 8 (48.8%) 18 1 genera 2 Le AudinetServille, AudinetServille Audinet Serville Audinet-Serville) 1825 fact th 98 USAmerican US American Penny Freitas researcher third 5 st Brazilianborn born nonBrazilian non 65.7%. 657 65.7% . 65 7 (65.7%) Alagoas Paulo 13 12 respectively biomes 22 4 10.9%. 109 10.9% 10 9 (10.9%) 48.8 (48.8% Audinet-Serville 65.7 6 (65.7% 10.9 (10.9% 48. (48.8 65. (65.7 10. (10.9 (48. (65. (10. (48 (65 (10 (4 (6 (1 (

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the consumption of Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) nymphs and the predator:prey ratio required for high predatory efficacy and survival of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) larvae under different densities of prey, reared in rose bushes. Consumption by first-, second-, and third-instar larvae of C. externa was assessed. The predatory efficiency and survival of the predator were calculated for larvae in the second instar under densities of 20, 40, 80, 120, and 160 nymphs of P. citri and predator:prey ratios of 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20. The assessments were performed after 24 and 48 hours of exposure between species. There was increasing consumption throughout the larval development of C. externa. The predator:prey ratios 1:5 and 1:10 were the most efficient for P. citri population reduction, but the 1:5 ratio led to lower survival of larvae than the 1:10 and 1:20 ratios. There was a positive correlation between C. externa larval density and cannibalism (ρ = 0.45) and a negative correlation between predator density and P. citri population density (ρ = -0.81). Third-instar larvae consume more P. citri nymphs than second-instar larvae. Second-instar larvae of this lacewing released at a 1:20 ratio caused total mortality of mealybug nymphs within 48 hours, regardless the density of P. citri, with high larvae survival of C. externa. Risso, Risso (Risso 1813 Hemiptera (Hemiptera Pseudococcidae predatorprey prey Hagen, Hagen (Hagen 1861 Neuroptera (Neuroptera Chrysopidae bushes first, first , first- second, second- thirdinstar third C assessed 20 40 80 120 16 P 15, 15 1 5, 5 110, 110 10, 10 120. 20. 2 4 species 1: 1:1 reduction 1:2 ρ 0.45 045 0 45 0.81. 081 0.81 . 81 -0.81) Thirdinstar Third secondinstar Secondinstar Second 181 186 8 12 11 0.4 04 08 0.8 -0.81 18 0. -0.8 -0. -0 -

ABSTRACT Two new entomological surveys were carried out in the República Democrática de São Tomé e Principe in 2019 (earlier surveys were in 1956 and 2001). Of 16 species of Neuroptera identified, only one, a Mantispidae, appears endemic to the archipelago. Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae account for the majority of species and individuals collected, concentrated here in plantations and anthropized environments, and known to be widely distributed in Africa and even worldwide. Unusually, the family Coniopterygidae is again absent, this time on natural terrains, confirming its earlier absence in 2001 on anthropized and plantation terrains. The findings and ecological distribution support the hypothesis that Hemerobiidae and Chrysopidae were introduced with cash crop cultivation, some of them as late as the 19th century. Their isolation in island environments is probably too recent to have allowed speciation mechanisms to generate endemic species in São Tomé.

Resumen Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) es un depredador que se encuentra en varios ecosistemas agrícolas y se alimenta de insectos y ácaros fitófagos. Su alto potencial reproductivo y capacidad depredadora lo convierten en un candidato para el control biológico de plagas agrícolas. Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) es una plaga importante que puede dañar varias especies de palmeras, en particular, Cocos nucifera L. Debido a la escasa información sobre aspectos biológicos de crisópidos alimentados con ácaros fitófagos, se planteó el presente estudio con el objetivo de conocer el desarrollo larval de C. claveri teniendo como presa principal a R. indica. Esta información es necesaria para considerarlo en el manejo integrado de esta plaga. La evaluación se realizó sobre la generación F0. La larva 3 es el instar que mayor cantidad de ácaros consume (F value = 32,99; P > 0,0001) (L3: 46,80 ± 10,12 a; L2: 9,80 ± 1,23 b; L1: 9,40 ± 1,58 b). C. claveri no completó su desarrollo larval al alimentarse únicamente con R. indica viviendo los ínstares larvales 7,4 ± 2,2; 7,6 ± 1,9 y 9,0 ± 3,9 para L1, L2 y L3 respectivamente. Las larvas que llegaron al estado de pupa no lograron superar esta etapa. Al adicionar huevo de Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) a la dieta de L3, el desarrollo fue 7,9 ± 0,2; 7,4 ± 0,8; 6,5 ± 0,9 y 13,6 ± 0,9 días para L1, L2, L3 y pupa respectivamente. El adulto vivió en promedio 6,7 ± 4,9 d. La relación sexual fue rs = 0,42. De acuerdo con las condiciones en las que se realizó el experimento, se puede inferir que C. claveri no completa su desarrollo al alimentarse únicamente con R. indica y en consecuencia toma a este ácaro como presa ocasional.

Abstract Ceraeochrysa claveri Navás (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is a predator found in several agricultural ecosystems and feeds on insects and phytophagous mites. Its high reproductive potential and forage capacity makes it a candidate for biological control of agricultural pests. Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is an important pest that can damage several species of palms, in particular, Cocos nucifera L. Given the scarcity of available knowledge about the biological aspects of Chrysopidae fed with phytophagous mites, the present work aimed to study the larval development of C. claveri fed mainly with R. indica, in order to obtain information that would be of help in the integrated management of this pest. The evaluation was performed in the F0 generation. Larva 3 is the instar that consumes the most mites (F value = 32.99; P > 0.0001) (L3: 46.80 ± 10.12 a; L2: 9.80 ± 1.23 b; L1: 9.40 ± 1.58 b). C. claveri did not complete larval development when fed only with R. indica. Larval instars L1, L2 and L3 lived 7.4 ± 2.2, 7.6 ± 1.9 and 9.0 ± 3.9 days, respectively. The larvae that reached the pupal stage failed to grow further. When adding Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae) eggs to the diet, the development lasted 7.9 ± 0.2, 7.4 ± 0.8, 6.5 ± 0.9 and 13.6 ± 0.9 days for L1, L2, L3 and pupae, respectively. The adults lived on average 6.7 ± 4.9 days. The sexual ratio was rt = 0.42. According to the conditions under which the experiment was carried out, it can be inferred is that C. claveri cannot complete its development by feeding only on R. indica, and that it thus consumes this mite as an occasional prey.

Abstract The present study provides information on the composition and seasonal abundance of the families Chrysopidae, Coniopterygidae and Hemerobiidae associated with Mexican lime trees [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] in Tecomán, Colima. The study was conducted in a Mexican lime orchard, untreated chemically. Field surveys were carried out during 13 months, from May 2013 to June 2014. Sampling was carried out monthly using 5 collecting techniques: Malaise trap, sweeping net, aerial net, yellow pan traps, and canopy fogging. A total of 508 specimens were collected, placed in 3 families and 21 species, 6 of those are new citrus records worldwide, 7 are new distribution records for Colima state, and 7 are new citrus records in Mexico. The most abundant and frequent species were Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861), Ceraeochrysa cincta (Scheider, 1851) and Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861). Diversity of order 1, including the species of the 3 families and their relative abundance, was 7.1 effective species; and during the first period of vegetative sprouting of Mexican lime trees, the 3 families share maximum values of diversity. The results have implications for the conservation and use of the diversity of Neuroptera associated with citrus trees in the state.

Resumen El presente estudio proporciona información sobre la composición y la abundancia estacional de estas familias asociadas al cultivo de limón mexicano [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] en Tecomán, Colima. El estudio fue llevado a cabo en un cultivo de limón, sin tratamiento químico. La colecta se realizó por 13 meses, de mayo de 2013 a junio de 2014. El muestreo fue mensual y se utilizaron 5 técnicas de captura: trampa Malaise, red de golpeo, red aérea, platos amarillos y fumigación de dosel. Se recolectaron 508 especímenes, repartidos en 3 familias y 21 especies; 6 son nuevos registros en cítricos a nivel mundial, 7 son nuevos registros de distribución para Colima y 7 son nuevos registros en cítricos para México. Las especies más abundantes y frecuentes fueron Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861), Ceraeochrysa cincta (Scheider, 1851) y Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861). La diversidad de orden 1 para las 3 familias fue de 7.1 especies efectivas y compartieron los valores máximos de diversidad durante el primer periodo de brotación vegetativa del limón mexicano. Los resultados tienen implicaciones para la conservación y uso de la diversidad de especies de Neuroptera asociadas a cítricos en el estado.

Resumen En el presente trabajo se informan los números cromosómicos somáticos y/o gaméticos de 15 especies de insectos presentes en Argentina, que se caracterizan por su importancia económica como plagas de cultivos o controladores de plagas agrícolas, pertenecientes a los siguientes órdenes y familias: Neuroptera, Chrysopidae: Ceraeochrysa cincta (n = 5 + XY), Ceraeochrysa paraguaria (n = 5 + XY), Chrysoperla argentina (n = 5 + XY), Chrysoperla asoralis (n = 5 + XY) , Chrysoperla externa (n = 5 + XY), Leucochrysa cruentata (n = 7 + XY) y Plesiochrysa elongata (n = 5 + XY), Coleoptera, Coccinellidae: Cycloneda sanguinea (n = 9 + XYp), Eriopis connexa (n = 9 + XYp), Harmonia axyridis (n = 7 + XYp), Hippodamia convergens (n = 9 + XYp) y Melyridae: Astylus atromaculatus (n = 8 + XYp), Dermaptera, Forficulidae: Doru lineare (2n = 20), D. luteipes (2n = 20) y Diptera, Ulidiidae: Euxesta eluta (n = 5 + XY). Por primera vez, se cita información cromosómica para seis especies, incluyendo un número cromosómico gamético adicional para Euxesta eluta. Además, se da a conocer en Astylus atromaculatus un número cromosómico diferente a los recuentos previamente reportados.

Abstract In the present study, the somatic and gametic chromosome numbers in fifteen species of insects from Argentina are reported. Said species are characterized for their economic importance as pest of crops or as agricultural pest controllers. The species belonged to the following orders and families: Neuroptera, Chrysopidae: Ceraeochrysa cincta (n = 5 + XY), Ceraeochrysa paraguaria (n = 5 + XY), Chrysoperla argentina (n = 5 + XY), Chrysoperla asoralis (n = 5 + XY), Chrysoperla externa (n = 5 + XY), Leucochrysa cruentata (n = 7 + XY) y Plesiochrysa elongate (n = 5 + XY), Coleoptera, Coccinellidae: Cyclonela sanguinea (n = 9 + XYp), Eriopis connexa (n = 9 + XYp), Harmonia axyridis (n = 7 + XYp), Hippodamia convergens (n = 9 + XYp), y Melyridae: Astylus atromaculatus (n = 8 + XYp), Dermaptera, Forficulidae: Doru lineare (2n = 20) and D. luteipes (2n = 20), Diptera, Ulidiidae: Euxesta eluta (n = 5 + XY). Chromosomal information for six species and additional gametic chromosome number for Euxesta eluta are established for the first time. In addition, a new chromosome number is cited for Astylus atromaculatus that is different to the one previously reported.

Resumen Los compuestos de defensa indirectos, denominados compuestos volátiles de plantas inducidos por herbívoros (HIPV por su sigla en inglés), al atraer fauna benéfica, son una de las herramientas de control biológico efectivas para la agregación de enemigos naturales de plagas claves. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la atracción de formulaciones sintéticas de cuatro HIPV principales: [salicilato de metilo (MeSa), benzaldehído (B), linalool (L) y farneseno (F)], solos y en combinaciones binarias (MeSa + B; MeSa + F; MeSa + L; F + B; B + L; F + L) a tres depredadores de áfidos de las familias Chrysopidae, Coccinellidae y Syrphidae en una plantación de manzanas de la provincia Bursa, en Turquía. Este estudio representa la primera evidencia de la atracción que ejercen combinaciones únicas y binarias de HIPV sintéticas a depredadores de áfidos en un manzanar. Relativamente, un mayor número de coccinélidos fue capturado por los tratamientos individuales de B y F en comparación con otras combinaciones de HIPV. Los individuos de crisópidos fueron más atraídos significativamente a las trampas cebadas con estos HIPV sólos. Además, la combinación binaria de MeSa + L atrajo significativamente más sírfidos que sus tratamientos únicos y trampas de control. Por lo tanto, se encontró que algunos de los HIPV evaluados tenían un valor potencial en la atracción de depredadores de áfidos en los manzanos.

Abstract The indirect defence compounds termed herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which are used to attract beneficial fauna, are one of the most effective biological control tools for the aggregation of natural enemies of key pests. The aim of this study was to test the attraction of three aphid predators of the Chrysopidae, Coccinellidae and Syrphidae families using synthetic formulations of four main HIPVs [methyl salicylate (MeSa), benzaldehyde (B), linalool (L) and farnesene (F)] alone and in binary combinations (MeSa + B; MeSa + F; MeSa + L; F + B; B + L; F + L) in an apple orchard in the Bursa province of Turkey. This study was the first demonstration of the attraction of these aphid predators to single and binary combinations of synthetic HIPVs in an apple orchard. A larger number of coccinellids were captured using single treatments of both B and F than with other HIPV combinations. Furthermore, the chrysopid individuals studied were significantly attracted to traps baited with single HIPVs. In addition, the binary combination of MeSa + L significantly attracted more Syrphids than in both single treatments and control traps. Thus, some of the HIPV’s tested were found to have potential value for the congregation of aphid predators in apple orchards.

RESUMO Coffea canephora (café Conilon) tem grande importância econômica para o estado do Acre, porém o uso de inseticidas nessa cultura tem aumentado consideravelmente nos últimos anos. A fim de prospectar espécies de Chrysopidae (Neuroptera) com potencial para uso em programas de controle biológico de pragas dessa cultura, nós amostramos crisopídeos em um plantio experimental de café Conilon no Acre durante um ano, para avaliar a diversidade, abundância e ocorrência sazonal de espécies deste grupo de insetos. As amostragens foram semanais por meio do uso de rede entomológica. Foram coletados 1079 espécimes de sete espécies de crisopídeos: Ceraeochrysa cincta, Ceraeochrysa claveri, Ceraeochrysa cubana, Ceraeochrysa everes, Chrysoperla externa, Leucochrysa (Nodita) cruentata and Leucochrysa (Nodita) marquezi. Ceraeochrysa cubana foi a espécie mais dominante e constante, constituindo 97% dos exemplares coletados e ocorrendo em 82% das amostras. Esses resultados, somados ao fato de que C. cubana é predadora de diversas pragas agrícolas e possui resistência a vários inseticidas, indicam que essa espécie é candidata potencial para o uso em futuros programas de controle biológico de pragas de café Conilon no sudoeste da Amazônia brasileira.

ABSTRACT Coffea canephora (Conilon coffee) has great economic importance for the state of Acre, in northern Brazil. The use of insecticides in this crop has increased considerably in recent years. In order to find species of green lacewing (Chrysopidae, Neuroptera) with potential for use in biological pest control in coffee plantations, we sampled green lacewings during one year in an experimental plantation of Conilon coffee in Acre, in order to assess the diversity, abundance and seasonal occurrence of Chrysopidae species. Samplings were carried out weekly using an entomological net. Overall, 1079 specimens of seven green lacewing species were collected: Ceraeochrysa cincta, Ceraeochrysa claveri, Ceraeochrysa cubana, Ceraeochrysa everes, Chrysoperla externa, Leucochrysa (Nodita) cruentata and Leucochrysa (Nodita) marquezi. Ceraeochrysa cubana was the dominant and constant species, comprising 97% of the sampled specimens and occurring in 82% of the weekly samples. The abundance and constant presence of C. cubana, which preys upon several agricultural pests and has shown resistance to various insecticides, make this species a potential candidate for future programs of biological control in Conilon coffee plantations in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon region.