Abstract The Peruvian Booby (Sula variegata) and the Peruvian Pelican (Pelecanus thagus) are endemic seabirds from the Humboldt Current System. This work aimed to evaluate the conservation value of the Farallones de Carelmapu and its use as a nesting site for seabirds. The information obtained shows the southernmost breeding record of the Peruvian Booby and the Peruvian Pelican, in the Farallones de Carelmapu (41°S), located on the coast of Maullín, southern Chile. On February 12, 2022, 29 active Peruvian Booby nests were recorded; for the Peruvian Pelican, 114 chicks and 39 fledglings were estimated. In addition, the Farallones de Carelmapu are described for the first time as an important breeding site for the seabirds and very relevant for the creation of a new marine protected area.

ABSTRACT The impact of transporting quail of four ages (0, 14, 28 and 42 days) from the coast to the Peruvian mountains on the onset of oviposition and performance in the laying phase was measured. The quails were moved from Lurin (Lima, Peru) at 14 meters above sea level to the Cajamarca valley at 2743 meters above sea level. A batch of 800 recently hatched female chicks in Lurin to distribute them in four groups of 200 birds each. Three groups were installed in Lurin and one group was taken to Cajamarca on the same day of birth. The other groups were transferred at 14, 28 and 42 days of age to Cajamarca. At 42 days of age, the birds were distributed per treatment at a rate of 15 birds per cage (one cage = one repetition). Each treatment had six repetitions. Quails transferred at 14, 28 and 42 days of age reached higher body weights and egg weights at the beginning of laying, with greater egg mass and better laying rate during the productive phase. Quails transferred at 28 and 42 days of age began laying at a younger age and with better feed conversion at laying.

RESUMEN Se midió el impacto del transporte de la codorniz de cuatro edades (0, 14, 28 y 42 días) desde la costa a la sierra peruana sobre el inicio de la oviposición y rendimiento en la fase de puesta. Las codornices fueron trasladadas desde Lurín (Lima, Perú) ubicado a 14 msnm hacia el valle de Cajamarca a 2743 msnm. Se trabajó con 800 cotupollos hembras recién eclosionadas en Lurín y se formaron cuatro grupos de 200 aves cada uno. Tres grupos fueron instalados en Lurín y un grupo fue llevado a Cajamarca el mismo día del nacimiento. Los otros grupos fueron trasladados a los 14, 28 y 42 días de edad a Cajamarca. A los 42 días de edad, las aves fueron distribuidas por tratamiento a razón de 15 aves por jaula (una jaula = una repetición). Cada tratamiento tuvo seis repeticiones. Las codornices trasladadas a los 14, 28 y 42 días de edad alcanzaron mayores pesos corporales y pesos de huevo al inicio de la puesta, con mayor masa de huevo y mejor tasa de puesta durante la fase productiva. Las codornices trasladadas a los 28 y 42 días de edad iniciaron la puesta a menor edad y con mejor conversión alimenticia en la puesta.

Resumo A coruja-das-torres americana (Tyto furcata) vive em ambientes urbanos e se alimenta principalmente de pequenos roedores, sendo de grande importância no controle biológico de pragas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os hábitos alimentares, parentais e reprodutivos de um casal de corujas-das-torres americanas, naturalmente vivendo fora de uma residência na zona urbana do município de Campos dos Goytacazes, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Uma caixa de madeira foi instalada em uma parede externa da casa, monitorada por uma câmera de vídeo. Uma planilha foi criada para manter o controle das observações registradas. A fêmea pôs quatro ovos, e após período de incubação de 30-32 dias todos os ovos eclodiram, mas apenas dois filhotes sobreviveram após o canibalismo entre os filhotes. Inicialmente, o macho fornecia a comida aos filhotes e a fêmea permanecia no ninho cuidando da ninhada. Depois de cerca de um mês, a fêmea também começou a sair do ninho e voltar com a presa, que era oferecida aos filhotes, com o macho também continuando com esse comportamento. Os filhotes deixaram o ninho em setembro de 2017. Os dados obtidos mostram a existência de cooperação e divisão de tarefas entre corujas machos e fêmeas durante o período reprodutivo.

Abstract The American Barn Owl (Tyto furcata) lives in urban, periurban and wild environments and feeds mainly on small rodents, meaning it has great importance in the biological control of pests. The aim of this work was to describe the reproductive, parental and eating habits of a pair of American barn owls naturally living outside a residence in the urban area of the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A wood box was installed on an outside wall of the home, monitored by a video camera. A spreadsheet was created to keep track of the observations recorded. The female laid four eggs, and after an incubation period of 30-32 days all the eggs hatched, but only two chicks survived after cannibalism among the chicks. Initially, the male provided the food to the chicks and the female remained in the nest caring for the brood. After approximately a month, the female also began to leave the nest and return with prey, which was offered to the chicks, with the male also continuing this behavior. The chicks left the nest in September, 2017. The data obtained show the existence of cooperation and division of tasks between male and female owls during the reproductive period.

Resumo O estudo foi desenhado para investigar o efeito da suplementação de mananoligossacarídeo (MOS) na histomorfologia intestinal, imunidade contra o vírus da doença de Newcastle (NDV) e parâmetros produtivos de frangos de corte. Um total de 1.800 pintos de corte de um dia da linhagem Cobb-500 foram selecionados e distribuídos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos de tratamento: T1 (dieta basal sem antibióticos como controle negativo); T2 (dieta basal mais antibióticos como grupo controle positivo); T3 (dieta basal mais 200g/ton MOS); T4 (dieta basal mais 400g/ton MOS); T5 (dieta basal mais 600g/ton MOS) e T6 (dieta basal mais 800g/ton MOS). Cada tratamento tinha 6 repetições e o consumo de ração, ganho de peso corporal e conversão alimentar foram registrados semanalmente. Os resultados mostraram que as aves suplementadas com MOS apresentam consumo de ração, ganho de peso e CA significativamente maiores (P < 0,05). Da mesma forma, a suplementação de MOS mostrou efeito positivo na altura das vilosidades e na profundidade das criptas tanto no jejuno quanto no íleo. A densidade de células caliciformes não foi afetada pela adição de MOS (P < 0,05). Além disso, as aves alimentadas com dietas contendo MOS apresentaram melhor desempenho produtivo em comparação aos grupos controle positivo e negativo. Em conclusão, o MOS pode substituir os promotores de crescimento de antibióticos (AGPs) como defensores de alimentos não microbianos que melhoram o desempenho.

Abstract The study was designed to investigate the effect of mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on intestinal histomorphology, immunity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and productive parameters of broilers. A total of 1800, day old broiler chicks of Cobb-500 strain were selected and randomly assorted into 6 treatment groups: T1 (basal diet without antibiotics as negative control); T2 (basal diet plus antibiotics as positive control group); T3 (basal diet plus 200g/ton MOS); T4 (basal diet plus 400g/ton MOS); T5 (basal diet plus 600g/ton MOS) and T6 (basal diet plus 800g/ton MOS). Each treatment was having 6 replicates and the feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded on weekly basis. Results showed that, MOS supplemented birds have significantly higher feed intake, weight gain and FCR (P < 0.05). Similarly, supplementation of MOS showed positive effect on villus height and crypt depth both in jejunum and ilium. Goblet cell density was unaffected by MOS addition (P < 0.05). Furthermore, birds fed with diets containing MOS, exhibited better productive performance in comparison to positive and negative control groups. In conclusion, MOS can replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as non-microbial performance-enhancing feed advocates.

ABSTRACT: This study estimated the growth of body, carcass, primal cuts, edible offal, and feathers of Japanese quail reared in two thermal environments, receiving three nutritional plans, from one to 39 days of age. A total of 576 one-day-old female chicks (Coturnix japonica) with an average initial weight of 7.51±0.75g/bird were evaluated in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (three nutritional plans × two temperatures). The animals were housed in two climatic chambers, at 25 ºC and 35 ºC, using 12 replications with eight birds per experimental unit. Nutritional plans (NP) were as follows: NP1: one diet from 1-21days and another from 22-39 days; NP2: one diet from 1-14 days and another from 15-39 days; and NP3: a single diet from 1-39 days. The growth curves and growth rates of body, carcass, primal cuts, feathers, and edible offal were evaluated using the Gompertz mathematical model. Quail fed NP3 showed higher growth curves and rates for body, carcass, drumstick +thigh, and feather. There was an effect on maturity rate, which was lowest in quail housed at 35 ºC. Among the animals kept at 25 ºC, the group fed NP3 exhibited the highest growth rate and breast weight. The nutritional plan consisting of a single diet offered from 1 to 39 days, formulated based on the tables for Japanese and European quail, is the most suitable for estimating the growth curves (Gompertz model) of Japanese quail housed at 25 ºC or 35 ºC. ABSTRACT body carcass cuts environments age 57 onedayold day old Coturnix japonica 751075gbird gbird 7 51 0 75g bird g temperatures. temperatures . temperatures) chambers unit NP (NP follows NP1 121days 21days 2239 22 22-3 NP2 114 14 1-1 1539 15 15-3 139 1-3 model thigh +thigh feather 5 223 22- 11 1- 153 15- 13

RESUMO: Objetivou-se estimar o crescimento corporal, carcaça, cortes nobres, vísceras comestíveis e penas de codornas japonesas criadas em dois ambientes térmicos e alimentadas com três planos nutricionais de um a 39 dias. Foram utilizadas 576 pintainhas (Coturnix japônica), fêmeas, com um dia de idade, com peso médio inicial 7,51 ± 0,75g/ave, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 (três planos nutricionais x duas temperaturas), alojadas em duas câmaras climáticas de 25º e 35 ºC, com 12 repetições e oito aves por unidade experimental. Os planos nutricionais foram: plano nutricional um (PN1) - uma dieta de 1-21 dias e uma dieta de 22-39 dias; plano nutricional dois (PN2) - uma dieta de 1-14 dias e uma dieta de 15-39 dias; e plano nutricional três (PN3) - dieta única de 1-39 dias. Foram avaliadas as curvas e taxas de crescimento corporal, carcaça, cortes nobres, penas e vísceras comestíveis, através do modelo matemático de Gompertz. Codornas alimentadas com PN3 apresentaram maiores curvas e taxas de crescimento corporal, de carcaça, coxa + sobrecoxa e penas. Houve efeito para taxa de maturidade, sendo inferior para codornas alojadas em 35 ºC. Nas aves mantidas em 25 ºC, observou-se maior taxa de crescimento e peso de peito nas codornas alimentadas com PN3. O plano nutricional composto por uma única dieta ofertada durante o período de um a 39 dias, formulado com base nas recomendações das tabelas para codornas japonesas e europeias, é o mais indicado para estimar curvas de crescimento no modelo de Gompertz de codornas japonesas alojadas em 25 ºC ou 35 ºC. RESUMO Objetivouse Objetivou se corporal carcaça nobres 57 Coturnix japônica, japônica , japônica) fêmeas idade 751 7 51 7,5 075gave gave 0 75g ave g 0,75g/ave temperaturas, temperaturas temperaturas) º 1 experimental foram PN1 PN (PN1 121 21 1-2 2239 22 22-3 PN2 (PN2 114 14 1-1 1539 15 15-3 (PN3 139 1-3 maturidade observouse observou europeias 5 75 7, (PN 1- 223 22- 11 153 15- 13

ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of organic acids on the intestinal integrity and productive performance of broiler chickens experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis. Additionally, Salmonella colonization levels in internal organs were evaluated. The study included 576 one-day-old CobbTM male broilers, distributed into eight treatment groups and six replicates. A completely randomized experimental design (encapsulated butyric acid × inoculation by Salmonella Enteritidis) was used. Poultry was orally inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis in the first day (0 or 2.0 × 106 CFU/mL) and after 22 days of age (0 or 1.0 × 109 CFU/ mL). The butyric acid was added to the feed in different concentration (treatments 0.03, 0.075, and 0.15%), and the chickens were raised up to 42 days old. Encapsulated butyric acid at 0.03% increased the body weight gain and the average weight of the chickens up to 21 days old. After 14 days old, the butyric acid had a positive effect on jejunum villus. Encapsulated butyric acid at 0.03% in feed improves the performance and intestinal integrity of chickens. Additionally evaluated 57 onedayold one old broilers replicates encapsulated used 0 ( 20 2 2. 10 CFU/mL CFUmL CFU mL 1 1. mL. . mL) treatments 003 03 0.03 0075 075 0.075 0.15%, 015 0.15% , 15 0.15%) 4 villus 5 00 0.0 007 07 0.07 01 0.15 0. 0.1

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotics, alone and in combination with antibiotics, on broiler performance, carcass yield, intestinal permeability, and intestinal morphometry. A total of 1440 day-old male Cobb 500 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and 10 replications per treatment. The treatments used were a basal diet without prebiotics and antibiotics (BD), a basal diet with antibiotics (AB), a basal diet with prebiotics (PRE), and a basal diet with antibiotics and prebiotics (AB+PRE). To perform the treatment, the antibiotic zinc bacitracin and a prebiotic of S. cerevisiae-derived mannan-oligosaccharides and beta-glucans were used. The treatments did not affect the performance of birds from 1 to 7 and 1 to 21 days of age. From 1 to 35 and 1 to 42 days, birds fed the AB+PRE treatment had higher feed intake than those fed the AB treatment. From 1 to 35 days, birds fed the AB+PRE treatment showed a worse feed conversion ratio. However, there was no difference in carcass yield between treatments. A higher number of goblet cells was observed in the duodenum and ileum of birds fed AB+PRE, but lower counts were obtained in birds fed AB. Intestinal histomorphometry displayed similar responses between both ages regarding antibiotic and prebiotic treatments, except in the ileum at 42 days, in which the antibiotic elicited a better response. Intestinal permeability analysis showed no significant difference between diets. The use of prebiotics, alone or in combination with antibiotics, does not improve the performance of broilers. morphometry 144 dayold day old 50 design BD, BD , (BD) AB, (AB) PRE, PRE (PRE) AB+PRE. ABPRE . (AB+PRE) S cerevisiaederived cerevisiae derived mannanoligosaccharides mannan oligosaccharides betaglucans beta glucans 2 age 3 4 ratio However response diets broilers 14 5 (BD (AB (PRE (AB+PRE

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the impact of a diet supplemented with almond hulls on growth performance, nutrient utilization, cecum microbiota, noxious gas emissions, and the organ weight of broilers. A total of 540, one-day-old Ross-308 broilers were used in this 35-day-long feeding trial. All birds were divided into 3 treatment groups of 10 replicates, each with 18 chicks (18 birds/replication), according to a completely randomized design. The Tukey’s test was used to compare the differences among the 3 treatments. The dietary treatments were a basal diet supplemented with 0%, 1%, and 2% almond hull, respectively. The body weight gain (BWG) of broilers supplemented with almond hull improved (p<0.05) during days 1-7 and in the overall period, whereas it tended to increase (p<0.10) during days 22-35. Additionally, feed intake (FI) tended to increase (p<0.10) during days 1-7 and in the overall experiment period. However, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) remained unchanged (p>0.05) through the supplementation of almond hull up to 2%. The nutrient digestibility of nitrogen and energy tended to increase (p<0.10), whereas the digestibility of dry matter was unchanged (p>0.05). Inclusion of almond hull in broiler diets showed a tendency to decrease (p<0.10) caecal Salmonella count. Moreover, broilers fed a diet supplemented with almond hull decreased (p<0.05) their excreted NH3 emissions. Similar (p>0.05) organ weights were found in broilers with a 2% almond hull-supplemented diet as compared to the control diet. In summary, incorporating up to 2% of almond hulls into broiler diets can enhance growth performance, increase nutrient digestibility, and reduce both microbial count and noxious gas emissions, thereby establishing almond hulls as a promising ingredient for broiler feed. performance utilization microbiota emissions 540 onedayold one day old Ross308 Ross 308 Ross-30 35daylong daylong 35 long trial 1 replicates (1 birds/replication, birdsreplication birds/replication , replication birds/replication) design Tukeys Tukey s 0 0% 1% 2 respectively BWG (BWG p<0.05 p005 p 05 (p<0.05 17 7 1- period p<0.10 p010 (p<0.10 2235. 2235 22 35. 22-35 Additionally FI (FI However FCR (FCR p>0.05 (p>0.05 p<0.10, p>0.05. . Moreover NH hullsupplemented summary 54 Ross30 30 Ross-3 ( p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 p<0.1 p01 (p<0.1 223 22-3 p>0.0 (p>0.0 5 Ross3 Ross- p<0. p0 (p<0. 22- p>0. (p>0. p<0 (p<0 p>0 (p>0 p< (p< p> (p> (p

Abstract Dry residue of cassava was studied on the digestibility, performance, intestinal measurements, with or without inclusion of carbohydrases, of slow-growing broilers. 160 Label Rouge broiler chickens, 21-d-old, were distributed in a randomized, 2x5 factorial arrangement (male and female x 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% residue) (metabolism trial). 1,100 male chicks were distributed in a 2x5 factorial arrangement (with/without carbohydrases x 0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; and 10.0% residue), with five replicates (performance trial). Increasing residue levels led to increases in energetic values. Feed intake from 1–21-d-old and 1–63-d-old decreased linearly. At 42 d-old, feed intake and weight gain levels exhibited a quadratic response, which predicted a highest value at 3.32% and 4.77%, respectively, for diets without carbohydrases. For 21- and 42-d-old chickens, the inclusion of carbohydrases reduced the weight and length of the small intestine. The energetic values of the diets were positively influenced by the residue and had similar digestibility values for both sexes. Inclusion of up to 10% of residue in slow-growing broiler diets does not impaired performance and intestinal morphology. The addition of carbohydrases reduced the viscosity of the digesta but it was not enough to improve the performance of the birds. measurements slowgrowing slow growing broilers 16 chickens 21dold, 21dold dold 21 d old, old 21-d-old randomized 2x 0 10 20 3 40 metabolism trial. trial . trial) 1100 1 100 1,10 with/without withwithout 2.5 25 2 5 5.0 50 7.5 75 7 10.0 residue, , 1–21dold 121dold 1–21 1–63dold 163dold 1–63 63 linearly 4 dold, d-old response 332 32 3.32 477 77 4.77% respectively 42dold intestine sexes morphology birds 110 1,1 2. 5. 7. 10. 121 1–2 63dold 163 1–6 6 33 3.3 47 4.77 11 1, 12 1– 3. 4.7 4.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of vitamin D3 in broiler diets on performance and bone health. A total of 360 one-day old male Cobb500® broiler chicks were subjected to five treatments of different levels of vitamin D3 in diets during two rearing phases: 0 IU/kg in both phases; 625 IU/kg in starter and 500 IU/kg in grower phase (25% of commercial inclusion); 1,250 IU/kg in starter and 1,000 IU/kg in grower phase (50% of commercial inclusion); 1,875 IU/kg in starter and 1,500 IU/kg in grower phase (75% of commercial inclusion); and 2,500 IU/kg in starter and 2,000 IU/kg in grower phase (100% of commercial inclusion). The traits studied weekly were feed intake, body weight, feed conversion, and viability. At 21 and 35 days of age, tibiae and femurs were removed, dissected, and evaluated for dry matter (DM), ash (%MM), calcium (%Ca), phosphorus (%P) and breaking strength. At 35 days of age, the bones were subjected to histopathological analysis for macro- and microscopic morphological evaluation. Data were subjected to regression analysis, using α = 0.05. The variables of percentage %MM, %Ca, %P, and breaking strength experienced a positive linear effect up to the supplementation levels of approximately 25% of inclusion. The histopathological analysis found that the group that received the diet with 100% inclusion of vitamin D3 presented lesions compatible with osteopetrosis and tibial dyschondroplasia. The observed results showed that for isonutritive diets, reduced levels of vitamin D3 guaranteed performance during the evaluated period while the use of 100% of vitamin D3, as commonly used, can cause bone diseases and harm the welfare of broilers. D health 36 oneday one day Cobb500 Cobb phases IUkg IU kg 62 50 25 (25 inclusion) 1250 1 250 1,25 1000 000 1,00 50% (50 1875 875 1,87 1500 1,50 75% 75 (75 2500 2 2,50 2000 2,00 100 (100 . intake weight conversion viability 3 age removed dissected DM, DM , (DM) MM %MM (%MM) Ca %Ca (%Ca) %P P (%P macro evaluation 005 05 0.05 dyschondroplasia used broilers Cobb50 6 5 (2 125 1,2 00 1,0 (5 187 87 1,8 150 1,5 7 (7 2,5 200 2,0 10 (10 (DM (%MM (%Ca 0.0 Cobb5 ( 12 1, 18 8 15 2, 20 (1 0.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of including an emulsifier (soybean lecithin) and two lipid sources (soybean oil and chicken fat) on the performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. A total of 576 one-day-old Cobb® 500 male chicks were housed in a completely randomized design, with treatments divided in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (with and without emulsifier and two lipid sources – soybean oil or chicken fat), totaling four treatments with eight replications and 18 chicks per plot. The experimental diets were formulated to be isoenergetic and isoproteic. The use of chicken fat improved the live weight at the starter rearing stage. However, the use of the emulsifier improved the live weight at the grower and finisher phases. No interaction effect was observed between treatments for performance. The intestinal morphology showed an increase in duodenal villus height with the use of chicken fat and emulsifier. The ileum had an increase in villus height in chickens fed the diet with soybean oil and emulsifier. Supplementation of the emulsifier resulted in positive results in the live weight of chickens at 35 and 42 days of age, in addition to increasing the villus height in the small intestine. lecithin 57 onedayold one day old Cobb 50 design fat, , 1 plot isoproteic stage However phases 3 4 age intestine 5

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of citric acid (CA) on carcass characteristics and physico-chemical attributes of male Venda chickens. A total of 200 male, one-day-old Venda chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replicates of 10 chickens each. The treatments were as follows: four diets with citric acid supplementation of 0, 12.5, 25, and 50g CA/kg. In this study, the live weight, carcass weight, thigh weight, drumstick weight, and carcass yield were higher in CA25 than in other treatments. The wing weight was higher in CA12.5 than in CA0. The highest value was determined in CA0, followed by CA12.5, and CA25, respectively, according to pH24 h, pH48 h, pH72 h, cooking loss, as well as shear force. The lowest value was recorded in CA50 as expected. The pH24 h, pH48 h, pH72 h, cooking loss, and shear force were found to be similar. The current study indicates that 12.5 and 50 g CA/kg can be used easily in the diet of male Venda chickens without any negative effects.

This study evaluated the effect of zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and gut microbial counts of broiler chickens reared in a tropical environment. A total of 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were assigned using a completely randomized design to four equal groups, with three replicates, containing 10 chicks per replicate. The control group was fed basal diet without ZnO, while the second, third and the fourth groups were fed diets supplemented with 0.60, 90.00, and 120.00 mg of zinc oxide/kg diet, respectively. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous, i.e., CP = 23.21%, ME = 2850 kcal/kg for the starter, and CP = 20%, ME = 3009 kcal/kg for the finisher phase. In the starter and finisher phases, dietary treatments had substantial effects on total feed intake, daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. Broilers fed diets supplemented with 90 mg or 120 mg ZnO/kg had a better weight gain and feed conversion ratio than the control treatment in both phases. Dietary ZnO had no effect on total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphate (ALP) in the blood. Diets with low or no dietary ZnO showed an increase in Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus spp. in the ileum. Chickens fed high doses of dietary ZnO had relatively low cecal total bacterial counts and Lactobacillus bacterial counts. Supplementing broiler diets with ZnO improved growth performance and intestinal bacterial count.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a blend of essential oils from eucalyptus, citrus, bromohexene HCl, thymole and camphor on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, intestinal morphology, serum biochemistry, and immune response of broiler chickens. A total of 240 day-old chicks were divided into four groups, each with six replicates containing ten birds. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design (CRD). Different concentrations of the oil blend (0mL/kg, 0.15mL/kg, 0.30mL/kg and 0.45mL/kg) were added to the diet. The findings showed that, in comparison to the other groups, the birds that were given a blend of essential oils at concentrations of 0.30 and 0.45 mL/kg showed improved weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass yield, villus height, crypt depth, and greater immune response against Newcastle disease vaccination (p<0.05). Nonetheless, there was no statistically significant difference in the yields of the breast and thighs, feed consumption, mortality, weights of the liver, wing, heart, and gizzard, or abdominal fat between the treatments. The addition of a blend of essential oils at the doses of 0.30 and 0.45 mL/kg significantly lowered the pH of the meat in comparison to the other groups (p<0.05). All blood biochemical markers, including total serum protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and uric acid, revealed no variations between the treatments. In conclusion, adding 0.30mL/kg of a blend of essential oils to broiler diets may be the optimum level to improve overall performance without adversely affecting the blood biochemical profile. eucalyptus citrus HCl characteristics quality morphology biochemistry chickens 24 dayold day old CRD. CRD . (CRD) 0mL/kg, 0mLkg mLkg 0mL kg mL (0mL/kg 015mLkg 0 15mL 0.15mL/kg 030mLkg 30mL 0.45mL/kg 045mLkg 45mL diet 030 30 0.3 045 45 0.4 gain efficiency yield height depth p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 05 (p<0.05) Nonetheless thighs consumption mortality liver wing heart gizzard treatments markers protein albumin globulin glucose cholesterol triglyceride acid conclusion profile 2 (CRD 0mL/kg 03 3 0. 04 4 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and economic viability of diets containing different levels of antibiotic and buriti oil (BO) on performance, carcass and cut yields, and relative weight of organs of broilers. A total of 432 one- to 42-day-old male chicks were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with six treatments, each consisting of six replicates of 12 birds. The treatments consisted of one diet with antibiotic without BO, one diet without antibiotic (DWA) without BO, and four DWA containing increasing levels of BO (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%). Average weight and weight gain (WG) of broilers fed with DWA + BO were similar to those of birds fed control diet. Feed intake and feed conversion (FC) were not different among treatments. Relative weight of pancreas linearly increased in the birds fed diets containing BO. The inclusion of 0.45 and 0.40% of BO in the diets promoted the improvement of WG and FC, respectively. Cost of feed management, ratio, gross margin, and gross income did not differ among treatments. It was concluded that the inclusion of 0.45% of BO in diets without antibiotics is economically feasible and allows recovering the performance of broilers. (BO yields 43 42dayold dayold 42 day old 1 (DWA 0.2, 02 0 2 (0.2 04 4 0.4 06 6 0.6 0.8%. 08 0.8% . 8 0.8%) (WG FC (FC 045 45 040 40 0.40 respectively management ratio margin 0.2 (0. 0. 0.8 (0 (