Diaporthe phaseolorum, an endophyte isolated from Combretum lanceolatum, has exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, antitumoral, and herbicidal properties. Regardless of these activities, there remains limited research on its chemical constituents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the metabolome of D. phaseolorum employing mass spectrometry data dereplication through molecular networking and MolNetEnhancer tools. Twenty two molecular families were annotated, including prenol lipids, benzenoids, organoheterocyclic compounds, and nucleosides. Among the 41 nodes annotated, 36 metabolites were confirmed via spectral references, including alismol, farnesol, linoleic acid, tyramine, N-acetyl-tyramine, 5-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde, 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, and adenosine. Further node annotation was achieved through MolNetEnhancer, resulting in the classification of an additional 68 nodes into various molecular families. Consequently, this study represents a significant contribution to the identification of the D. phaseolorum metabolome, highlighting its secondary metabolites and providing valuable chemical insights to elucidate its demonstrated biological activities. lanceolatum antimicrobial leishmanicidal antitumoral properties constituents Therefore D tools annotated lipids benzenoids compounds nucleosides 4 3 references alismol farnesol acid tyramine Nacetyltyramine, Nacetyltyramine N acetyl N-acetyl-tyramine 5methoxy1Hindole3carbaldehyde, 5methoxy1Hindole3carbaldehyde methoxyHindolecarbaldehyde 5 methoxy 1H indole carbaldehyde, carbaldehyde H 5-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde 6pentyl2Hpyran2one, 6pentyl2Hpyran2one pentylHpyranone 6 pentyl 2H pyran 2 one, one 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one adenosine Consequently Hindole Hpyran

This study aimed to isolate, purify and characterize secondary metabolites present in Amburana acreana leaves, native to the state of Rondônia, using classical chromatographic methods and 1D, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the hydroethanolic leaves extract of A. acreana, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, coumarin, campesterol 3-β-D-glucoside and amburoside B, all known compounds, were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and chemical characterization of secondary metabolites in A. acreana. In addition, in vitro assays indicated that amburoside B does not have inhibitory potential on the growth of gram-negative bacteria. The presence of these compounds suggests that, thus far, amburosides (A and B) could be chemotaxonomic markers of the genus Amburana. isolate Rondônia 1D D spectroscopy A phydroxybenzoic p hydroxybenzoic acid coumarin 3βDglucoside βDglucoside 3 β glucoside identified knowledge addition gramnegative gram negative bacteria far

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential. Malvaceae (Malvaceae antioxidant remedies medicines Gurke Malva Chapada. Chapada . Chapada” compounds 13 S (S 132S 132(S 17 ethoxyphaeophorbide decanol Z 3β25 3β 3β,2 diol 2 3β24 24 glucopyranoside quercetin acacetin kaempferol tiliroside 3,7,8,4 3784 7 8 4 tetramethoxyflavone 57 5, 3,8,4 384 methoxyflavone 5,7,4 574 38 3, MIC 51 mL1, mL1 , A mL1. content DPPH EC EC5 636 6 36 6.3 0029 0 029 0.02 1. 1 1) P 3β2 3β, 3,7,8, 378 3,8, 5,7, 63 6. 002 02 0.0 3,7,8 37 00 0. 3,7, 3,7

Brazilian Savanna biodiversity is abundant in native fruits with nutritional and sensory properties with potential technological applications. However, the information available regarding the proprieties of Brazilian native fruits is still limited. This study aimed to analyze the metabolic profile of Brosimum gaudichaudii fruits (BGF) using metabolomics approaches, besides its physicochemical and nutritional proprieties. BGF exhibited protein content at least two times higher than other native fruits. Fifty-five metabolites were identified by the metabolomics approaches, mainly fatty acids (n = 22), carbohydrates (n = 13), organic acids (n = 6), and polyphenols (n = 5). The most abundant constituents were D-fructose (42.97%) for sugars, L-asparagine (6.47%) for amino acids, succinic acid (44.11%) for organic acids, and linolenic acid (3.04%) for fatty acids. Highlighted phytochemicals included chlorogenic acid, α-amyrin, and γ-tocopherol. Additionally, this study revealed that BGF is a good source of vitamin C and dietary fiber and an excellent source of vitamin A. Future studies providing nutritional information and suggesting consumption methods and potential industrial applications are essential to familiarize consumers with these foods. Additionally, clarifying the appropriate planting and harvesting seasons can revive traditional practices, especially for native fruits like BGF. However limited (BGF approaches Fiftyfive Fifty five n 22, 22 , 22) 13, 13 13) 6, 6 6) 5. 5 . 5) Dfructose D fructose 42.97% 4297 42 97 (42.97% sugars Lasparagine L asparagine 6.47% 647 47 (6.47% 44.11% 4411 44 11 (44.11% 3.04% 304 3 04 (3.04% αamyrin, αamyrin α amyrin, amyrin α-amyrin γtocopherol. γtocopherol γ tocopherol. tocopherol γ-tocopherol Additionally A foods practices 2 1 42.97 429 4 9 (42.97 6.47 64 (6.47 44.11 441 (44.11 3.04 30 0 (3.04 42.9 (42.9 6.4 (6.4 44.1 (44.1 3.0 (3.0 42. (42. 6. (6. 44. (44. 3. (3. (42 (6 (44 (3 (4 (

Asphaltene aggregation mechanism is still a nebulous and controversial issue. Many authors argue that the aggregation of its components is due to π-stacking interactions, nonetheless, alkyl chains, heteroatoms, and even acidic groups are also constituents of asphaltenes and can play an important role in the chemistry of asphaltene. Excimers from pyrene are easily detected by fluorescence and were used in the current study to probe the effect of the side chain on the π-stacking capacity of pyrene. Pyrene was acylated with acyl chains varying from two to twelve carbon atoms, and the effect of the variation of the acyl chain length on excimer formation was followed by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The results revealed that as the side chain grows from two to twelve carbon atoms the excimer/monomer ratio decreases and the excimer heat of formation drops from ΔH = -6.00 to -1.29 kcal mol-1. Further, the crystal structure of octanoyl pyrene (PC8) indicates that in the crystal structure, the aromatic moiety faces the acyl chain. This result was corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, the results were compared with two different asphaltenes and indicate that π-stacking cannot be assumed as the main driving force for asphaltene aggregation. issue πstacking π stacking interactions nonetheless heteroatoms spectroscopy excimermonomer monomer 6.00 600 6 00 -6.0 1.29 129 1 29 -1.2 mol1. mol1 mol 1. mol-1 Further PC8 PC (PC8 DFT (DFT calculations Finally 6.0 60 0 -6. 1.2 12 2 -1. mol- (PC 6. -6 -1 -

ABSTRACT: Wood is an organic material and its energetic and physical properties are related to its chemical and anatomical constituents. This study evaluated the influence of the chemical constituents on the energetic and physical properties of Parapiptadeniarigida(Benth.) Brenan, Peltophorumdubium(Spreng.) Taub.,Eucalyptus grandisW. Hill × Eucalyptus urophyllaS.T. Blake (hybrid), and Schizolobiumparahyba(Vell.) Blake an agroforestry system. Five trees of each species aged 9 years were sampled. Samples were collected at a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 1.30 m above the ground and were used to analyze the chemical, energetic, and physical properties of the wood. Chemical properties influence the energetic and physical properties of wood. We reported that the higher the lignin content in the wood, the greater the correlation with the fixed carbon content (0.76) and gross calorific value (0.65). High values of fixed carbon content increased the basic density of the wood (0.80). In contrast, the lower the lignin content in the wood, the greater the correlation with the extractive content (-0.76) and volatile material content (-0.74), and the higher the volatile material content, the lower the fixed carbon content (-0.98) and gross calorific value (-0.74). ABSTRACT ParapiptadeniarigidaBenth. ParapiptadeniarigidaBenth Parapiptadeniarigida Benth. Benth Parapiptadeniarigida(Benth. Brenan PeltophorumdubiumSpreng. PeltophorumdubiumSpreng Peltophorumdubium Spreng. Spreng Peltophorumdubium(Spreng. TaubEucalyptus Taub grandisW urophyllaST urophyllaS T urophyllaS.T hybrid, hybrid , (hybrid) SchizolobiumparahybaVell. SchizolobiumparahybaVell Schizolobiumparahyba Vell. Vell Schizolobiumparahyba(Vell. system sampled DBH (DBH 130 1 30 1.3 0.76 076 0 76 (0.76 0.65. 065 0.65 . 65 (0.65) 0.80. 080 0.80 80 (0.80) contrast (-0.76 0.74, 074 0.74 74 (-0.74) 0.98 098 98 (-0.98 0.74. Parapiptadeniarigida(Benth Peltophorumdubium(Spreng (hybrid Schizolobiumparahyba(Vell 13 3 1. 0.7 07 7 (0.7 06 0.6 6 (0.65 08 0.8 8 (0.80 (-0.7 (-0.74 0.9 09 (-0.9 0. (0. (0.6 (0.8 (-0. (0 (-0 ( (-

RESUMO: A madeira é um material orgânico e as suas propriedades energéticas e físicas estão relacionadas com os seus constituintes químicos e anatômicos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência dos constituintes químicos nas propriedades energéticas e física da madeira de Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan, Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill × Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake (híbrido) e Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) Blake, provenientes de um sistema agroflorestal. Foram amostradas cinco árvores de cada espécie, com a idade de nove anos. Sendo coletadas amostras do diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) à 1,30 m do solo, que foram utilizadas para análise das propriedades químicas, energéticas e física da madeira. As propriedades químicas influenciam nas propriedades energéticas e física da madeira. Quanto maior o teor de lignina na madeira maior será a correlação com o teor de carbono fixo (0,76) e de poder calorífico superior (0,65), assim como, elevados valores de teor de carbono fixo aumentam a massa específica básica da madeira (0,80). Em contrapartida, quanto menor o teor de lignina na madeira maior será a correlação com o teor de extrativos (-0,76) e teor de materiais voláteis (-0,74), sendo que, maiores valores de teor de materiais voláteis reduzem o teor de carbono fixo (-0,98) e o poder calorífico superior (-0,74) da madeira. RESUMO anatômicos Benth. Benth (Benth. Brenan Spreng. Spreng (Spreng. Taub Taub. W ST S T S.T híbrido (híbrido Vell. Vell (Vell. agroflorestal espécie anos DAP (DAP 130 1 30 1,3 solo 0,76 076 0 76 (0,76 0,65, 065 0,65 , 65 (0,65) 0,80. 080 0,80 . 80 (0,80) contrapartida (-0,76 0,74, 074 0,74 74 0,98 098 98 (-0,98 (-0,74 (Benth (Spreng (Vell 13 3 1, 0,7 07 7 (0,7 06 0,6 6 (0,65 08 0,8 8 (0,80 (-0,7 0,9 09 9 (-0,9 0, (0, (0,6 (0,8 (-0, (0 (-0 ( (-

Abstract In the county of Pedra Lavrada - PB, various mineral occurrences of pegmatite are observed with prominence at Alto Dois Irmãos - PB, where quartz, feldspar and mica are mined. The understanding of mineral constituents is fundamental to define their industrial employment and to implement improvements in the beneficiation process. The proposal of this research is the detailed characterization and proof of that part of the ore (quartz) considered waste, presenting low poisoning (Fe2O3) and high silica (SiO2) content, to enable its industrial use. Besides that, to minimize the environmental impact through the reuse of this waste, and to determine the correct utilization of the milling equipment. For the pegmatite characterization, done were density determination tests, mineralogical identification by X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical analysis by fluorescents X-rays and morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). Then tests were done for the Work Index (WI) calculous and consequently the empirical determination of the dimensions (LxD) of the pebble mill. The sterile presented a medium density of 2.66g/cm³, majority chemical composition of silicon and oxygen and quartz as the main mineralogical stage, indicating that this material has high purity. The. The Work Index (WI) was 15.9 kwh/t showing that this material can be considered resistant to breaking in the grinding process. The necessary energy to the milling was defined in 11.52 kwh/st, that corresponds to 57.28 HP. This power allowed the mill selection with diammeter and length of 1.83m, that provides the production maximization and the energy saving. PB mined process (quartz waste Fe2O3 FeO Fe O (Fe2O3 SiO2 SiO (SiO2 content use equipment Xray X ray XRD, XRD , (XRD) Xrays rays SEM/EDS. SEMEDS SEM/EDS . SEM EDS (SEM/EDS) WI (WI LxD (LxD 266gcm³ gcm 2 66g cm³ g cm 2.66g/cm³ stage purity 159 15 9 15. kwht kwh t 1152 11 52 11.5 kwhst st kwh/st 5728 57 28 57.2 HP 183m m 1 83m 1.83m saving Fe2O (Fe2O (SiO (XRD (SEM/EDS 266gcm 2.66g/cm 115 5 11. 572 57.

Abstract Background: Salvia urica Epling is taxonomically and phylogenetically related to Salvia amarissima Ortega. The last species has pharmacological relevance by its contents of bioactive metabolites. Nowadays, Salvia urica has no reports about its chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Hypothesis: Does the close relationship between S. amarissima and S. urica led both species produce similar specialized metabolites? Does Salvia urica display similar pharmacological effects as S. amarissima? Studied species: Salvia urica Epling (Lamiaceae). Study site and dates: The plant material was collected in Teopisca, Chiapas, Mexico, in December 2021. Methods: Metabolites of the acetone extract from Salvia urica were identified by GC-MS and HPLC-PDA profiling. In parallel, a phytochemical study was conducted, and the individual constituents purified, previously characterized by 1D NMR, were assayed on antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic mice and a charcoal-gum arabic-induced hyperperistalsis model in rats. Results: The volatile compounds identified by GC-MS were alkanes, aromatics and triterpenes. The principal constituents of the acetone extract of Salvia urica were amarissinin A and 5,6-dihydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone, which were also quantified by HPLC-PDA. The extract and both metabolites isolated showed an antihyperglycemic effect on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, suggesting a possible synergic effect. In addition, the compound 5,6-dihydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone (IC50 = 0.79 mg/kg) showed a better antipropulsive effect than loperamide (IC50 = 16.6 mg/kg). Conclusions: The phytochemical composition of an acetone extract of Salvia urica was determined by first time. The metabolites isolated from this plant support the phylogenetic relationship of S. urica with Salvia amarissima, and they showed antipropulsive and antihyperglycemic effects.

Resumen Antecedentes: Salvia urica Epling está relacionada taxonómica y filogenéticamente con Salvia amarissima Ortega. Ésta última tiene relevancia farmacológica por su contenido de metabolitos secundarios. A la fecha, Salvia urica no cuenta con reportes de sus constituyentes químicos y de sus actividades farmacológicas. Hipótesis: ¿La relación cercana entre S. amarissima y S. urica permite que ambas especies produzcan metabolitos similares de tipo terpenoide? ¿Salvia urica produce un efecto farmacológico similar a S. amarissima? Especies de estudio: Salvia urica Epling (Lamiaceae) Sitio y años de estudio: El material vegetal fue colectado en Teopisca, Chiapas, México, en diciembre de 2021. Métodos: Los constituyentes de las partes aéreas de Salvia urica, se identificaron por medio del perfilamiento por GC-MS y HPLC-PDA. Paralelamente, se realizó un estudio fitoquímico, y los constituyentes individuales, caracterizados por RMN de 1D, se evaluaron en un ensayo de actividad antihiperglucémica y en un modelo de hiperperistalsis. Resultados: Los componentes volátiles identificados por GC-MS son de tipo alcano, aromático y triterpenoide. Los principales constituyentes no volátiles, son amarissinina A y 5,6-dihidroxi-7,3',4'-trimetoxiflavona. Ambos metabolitos se cuantificaron por HPLC-PDA. El extracto de acetona y los dos metabolitos aislados mostraron efecto antihiperglucémico en ratones diabéticos, sugiriendo que hay un posible efecto sinérgico. El compuesto 5,6-dihidroxi-7,3',4'-trimetoxiflavona (IC50 = 0.79 mg/kg) mostró un mejor efecto antipropulsivo que loperamida (IC50 = 16.6 mg/kg). Conclusiones: Se identificaron por primera vez los metabolitos mayoritarios de Salvia urica. Dos de estos metabolitos se aislaron previamente de Salvia amarissima, apoyando su relación filogénetica. Los dos compuestos mostraron efecto antipropulsivo y antihiperlgucémico.

Resumo As plantas têm profundos benefícios terapêuticos, tratamentos mais econômicos, menos efeitos colaterais e um custo relativamente barato, tornando-as uma fonte de medicamentos para fins protetores, preventivos, curativos ou propícios e criando novos fitomedicamentos. Medicamentos derivados de plantas são relativamente seguros em comparação com medicamentos sintéticos. Muitas plantas provaram ajudar com sucesso no tratamento de diabetes, incluindo Filago hurdwarica (Wall. ex DC.) Wagenitz. As investigações atuais foram, portanto, projetadas para avaliar as atividades fitoquímicas, antioxidantes, antidiabéticas e anti-hiperlipidêmicas de F. hurdwarica. As investigações fitoquímicas e atividades antioxidantes de diferentes extratos foram realizadas usando testes químicos padrão, DPPH e ensaios de eliminação de H2O2. O extrato da planta F. hurdwarica em solução hidrometanólica foi preparado pelo método Soxhletation e armazenado em geladeira a 4 °C por dois dias antes do uso. Camundongos Swiss Albino foram tornados diabéticos por uma única dose de aloxana (150 mg/kg). Extrato de planta hidrometanólica e frações de F. hurdwarica foram rastreados quanto à atividade antidiabética e administrados aos camundongos diabéticos induzidos por aloxana em uma concentração de 150-250 mg/kg de peso corporal em diferentes grupos de 6 camundongos diabéticos cada, por via oral, uma vez ao dia por 15 dias. A glibenclamida também é administrada a outro grupo como medicamento padrão para apoiar o resultado na dose de 10 mg/kg de peso corporal por via oral uma vez ao dia por 15 dias. Os níveis de glicose no sangue e os pesos corporais dos camundongos foram medidos em 0, 4, 7, 11 e 15 dias. O estudo descobriu que o extrato era seguro até o nível de dose de 2.000 mg/kg e o efeito dose-resposta do extrato de clorofórmio (150-250 mg/kg) de F. hurdwarica mostrou efeitos anti-hiperglicêmicos expressivos e também melhorou outros parâmetros bioquímicos alterados associados com diabete. Os espectros de FTIR e DRX demonstraram a ocorrência de fenóis, álcoois, alcenos, haletos de alquila, cetonas e compostos aromáticos e confirmaram a natureza amorfa do extrato. A análise espectral por GC-MS mostrou a presença tentativa de 31 constituintes fitoquímicos no extrato clorofórmio de F. hurdwarica com diferentes tempos de retenção. Para concluir, o extrato de clorofórmio (250 mg/kg) de F. hurdwarica revelou considerável potencial antioxidante, anti-hiperglicêmico e anti-hiperlipidêmico e é seguro para o tratamento de diabetes e complicações relacionadas.

Abstract Plants have profound therapeutic benefits, more economical treatments, fewer side effects, and a relatively cheap cost, making them a source of drugs for protective, preventative, curative, or conducive purposes and creating novel phytomedicines. Plant derived medicines are relatively safe compared to synthetic medicines. Many plants have proved to successfully aid in the treatment of diabetes including Filago hurdwarica (Wall. ex DC.) Wagenitz. The current investigations were therefore designed to assess the phytochemical, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihyperlipidemic activities of F. hurdwarica. The phytochemical investigations and antioxidant activities of different extracts were carried out using standard chemical tests, DPPH, and H2O2 scavenging assays. F. hurdwarica plant extract in Hydromethanolic solution were prepared by Soxhletation method and stored in refrigerator at 4°C for two days before use. Swiss Albino mice were made diabetic by a single dose of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Hydromethanolic plant extract and fractions of F. hurdwarica were screened for antidiabetic activity and given to the alloxan-induced diabetic mice at a concentration of 150-250 mg/kg of body weight in different groups of 6 diabetic mice each orally once a day for 15 days. Glibenclamide is also given to another group to as a standard drug to support the result at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight orally once a day for 15 days. Blood glucose levels and body weights of mice were measured on 0, 4, 7, 11 and 15th days. The study found that the extract was safe up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg and the dose response effect of chloroform extract (150-250 mg/kg) of F. hurdwarica showed expressive antihyperglycemic effects and also improved other altered biochemical parameters associated with diabetes. The FTIR and XRD spectra demonstrated the occurrence of phenols, alcohols, alkenes, alkyl halides, ketones, and aromatic compounds and confirmed the amorphous nature of the extract. GC-MS spectral analysis showed the tentative presence of 31 phytochemical constituents in the chloroform extract of F. hurdwarica with different retention time. To conclude, the chloroform extract (250 mg/kg) of F. hurdwarica revealed considerable antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic potential and is safe for treating diabetes and related complications.

Resumo A mosca-branca é uma das pragas agrícolas mais difundidas no mundo. Os óleos essenciais podem ser usados para controlar esse inseto de forma ambientalmente responsável. A atividade fumigante, repelente e antioviposição de óleos essenciais extraídos com etanol de Trachyspermum ammi, Withania coagulans e Murraya koenigii contra Bemisia tabaci foi investigada neste estudo. No experimento, foram utilizadas três concentrações de óleo essencial (2,5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL e 10 mg/mL). Trachyspermum ammi teve a maior porcentagem de morte de mosca-branca em experimentos de laboratório devido à sua toxicidade fumigante; a mesma tendência foi encontrada na toxicidade de contato e efeito repelente. A porcentagem de mortalidade aumenta à medida que a concentração de óleo essencial aumenta com o tempo do bioensaio. À medida que a concentração de óleo essencial cresce com o tempo de bioensaio, o mesmo acontece com a taxa de mortalidade. A maioria das moscas-brancas adultas escapou da estufa das plantas tratadas devido à maior concentração de óleo essencial. A maior repelência foi encontrada com óleo essencial de Trachyspermum ammi a 10 mg/mL. O óleo essencial apresentou a maior eficácia antioviposição contra moscas-brancas. Trachyspermum ammi teve o mais potente impedimento antioviposição, seguido por Withania coagulans em segundo lugar. Murraya koenigii terminou em terceiro com antioviposição moderada, o que afeta o número de ovos produzidos em relação ao controle. Como consequência, esses três óleos podem ser usados como um bioinseticida eficaz e ambientalmente aceitável para controlar B. tabaci.

Abstract Whitefly is one of the most widespread agricultural pests in the world. Essential oils might be used to control this insect in an environmentally responsible way. The fumigant, repellent, and anti-oviposition activity of ethanol-extracted essential oils of Trachyspermum ammi, Withania coagulans, and Murraya koenigii against Bemisia tabaci was investigated in this study. In the experiment, three essential oil concentrations (2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL) were used. Trachyspermum ammi had the highest percentage of whitefly death in laboratory experiments due to its fumigant toxicity; the same tendency was found in contact toxicity and repellent effect. Mortality percent rises as the concentration of essential oil increases with bioassay time. As the concentration of essential oil grows with bioassay time, so does the mortality rate. The most adult whiteflies escaped from the treated plants' greenhouse due to the highest essential oil concentration. The greatest repellency was found with Trachyspermum ammi essential oil at 10 mg/mL. The essential oil had the greatest anti-oviposition efficacy against whiteflies. Trachyspermum ammi possessed the most potent anti-oviposition deterrent, followed by Withania coagulans in second place. Murraya koenigii finished third with moderate anti-oviposition, which affects the number of eggs produced in comparison to the control. As a consequence, these three oils might be used as an effective and environmentally acceptable bio-insecticide to control B. tabaci.

Resumo Os produtos naturais têm se mostrado muito eficazes contra várias doenças desafiadoras, incluindo câncer e infecções bacterianas. O gálio tricorne é uma importante fonte de produtos naturais, ainda pouco explorada, apesar de sua profunda proeminência etnomedicinal. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido para explorar o potencial biológico de G. tricorne e extrair e isolar constituintes químicos de sua parte aérea e sementes, respectivamente, juntamente com a identificação de seus constituintes químicos. A triagem fitoquímica foi realizada para descobrir a presença de metabólito secundário em G. tricorne, extrato metanólico bruto (Gt.Crd) que foi obtido da parte aérea enquanto os ácidos graxos foram extraídos das sementes, que posteriormente foram analisadas por GCMS. Da mesma forma, os métodos Well Diffusion e MTT foram usados para atividade antibacteriana e ensaio de linha de células cancerígenas, respectivamente. Para avaliar o potencial citotóxico, foram utilizadas artémias. Da mesma forma, na análise de cromatografia gasosa-espectroscopia de massa (GC-MS) um número total de 23 compostos foi identificado no extrato de Gt.Crd, dos quais 7 compostos foram selecionados para ter algum tipo de perfil de toxicidade. Da mesma forma, 5 ácidos graxos foram identificados nas sementes de G. tricorne. Além disso, entre as frações, a fração clorofórmio (Gt.Chf) apresentou maior zona de inibição (ZOI), 20,37 mm, seguida de Gt.Crd 18,40 mm contra S. aureus e S. pyogenes, respectivamente. Na citotoxicidade Gt.Chf foi mais ativo seguido pela fração acetato de etila (Gt.Eta), exibindo 88,32±0,62% (LC50=60 µg/mL) e 73,95±2,25% (LC50=80 µg/mL) respectivamente a 1000 µg/ concentração de mL da amostra testada. Gt.Chf exibiu maior atividade inibitória da linha celular (IC50 = 61 µg/mL) contra a linha celular HeLa. Da mesma forma, Gt.Crd apresentou valores de IC50 de 167,84 µg/mL e 175,46 µg/mL contra linha celular HeLa e NIH/3T3, respectivamente. Com base na revisão de literatura e triagens, pode-se concluir que a parte aérea e as sementes de G. tricorne são as ricas fontes de compostos bioativos. Os resultados do presente estudo também autenticam a base científica para os usos etnomedicinais de G. tricorne.

Abstract Natural products have long been proven very effective against various challenging diseases including cancer and bacterial infections. Galium tricorne is one of the important source of natural products, which has not been explored till date in spite of its profound ethnomedicinal prominence. The current study has been designed to explore the biological potential of G. tricorne and to extract and isolate chemical constituents from its aerial part and seeds respectively along with identification of their chemical constituents. Phytochemical screening was performed to figure out the presence of secondary metabolite in G. tricorne. Crude Methanolic extract (Gt.Crd), which was obtained from the aerial part while the fatty acids were extracted from the seeds, which were later on analyzed by GCMS. Similarly, Well Diffusion and MTT method were used for antibacterial activity and cancer cell line assay respectively. To evaluate the cytotoxic potential, brine shrimps were used. Likewise, in Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis a total number of 23 compounds were identified in Gt.Crd extract out of which 7 compounds were sorted out to have some sort of toxicity profile. In the same fashion, 5 fatty acids were identified in the seeds of G. tricorne. Moreover, among the fractions, chloroform fraction (Gt.Chf) exhibited greater zone of inhibition (ZOI) 20.37 mm followed by Gt.Crd 18.40 mm against S. aureus and S. pyogenes respectively. In cytotoxicity Gt.Chf was more active followed by ethyl acetate fraction (Gt.Eta) by exhibiting 88.32±0.62% (LC50=60 µg/mL) and 73.95±2.25% (LC50=80 µg/mL) respectively at 1000 µg/mL concentration of the tested sample. Gt.Chf exhibited greater cell line inhibitory activity (IC50=61 µg/mL) against HeLa cell line. Similarly, Gt.Crd displayed IC50 values of 167.84 µg/mL and 175.46 µg/mL against HeLa and NIH/3T3 cell line respectively. Based on the literature review and screenings, it may be concluded that the aerial part and seeds of G. tricorne are the rich sources of bioactive compounds. The results of the current study also authenticate the scientific background for the ethnomedicinal uses of G. tricorne.

This work describes the first chemical study on the metabolic profile of three geopropolis samples from Melipona fulva, M. compressipes, and M. paraensis collected in the Amazonian region. The samples were submitted to solvent extractions. The silylated hexane extracts were submitted to GC-MS analysis and tentatively identified mainly the presence of triterpenes, steroids, fatty acids, and alcohols. The chemical profile of M. fulva of and M. compressipes geopropolis are similar. However, cholesterol, triacontanol, and palmitic acid are the main compounds in M. fulva; in M. compressipes, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid are predominant. The chemical profile of the M. paraensis sample is entirely different once more than 60% of the extract comprises lupenone and triacontanol. The CHCl3 soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of the M. paraensis geopropolis was submitted to chromatographic techniques, and it afforded cycloartenol, 24-methylene-cycloartenol, lupeol, α- and β-amirins, and 7-O-methylaromadendrin. The MeOH extract of this sample presents antimicrobial activities against strains of Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, and S. aureus (MIC of 15.6-62.5 µg mL−1 and MBC of 62.5-1000 µg mL−1). The M. fulva and M. compressipes geopropolis were not active in this test. M region extractions GCMS GC MS triterpenes steroids acids alcohols similar However cholesterol triacontanol predominant 60 CHCl techniques cycloartenol 24methylenecycloartenol, 24methylenecycloartenol methylenecycloartenol 24 methylene 24-methylene-cycloartenol lupeol α βamirins, βamirins β amirins, amirins β-amirins 7Omethylaromadendrin. 7Omethylaromadendrin Omethylaromadendrin 7 O methylaromadendrin. methylaromadendrin 7-O-methylaromadendrin mutans S sobrinus MIC 15.662.5 156625 15.6 62.5 15 6 62 5 15.6-62. mL1 mL 1 mL− 62.51000 6251000 1000 62.5-100 mL−1. . mL−1) test 2 662 15.662. 15662 156 15. 625 62. 15.6-62 51000 62.5100 625100 100 62.5-10 66 15.662 1566 15.6-6 5100 62.510 62510 10 62.5-1 15.66 15.6- 510 62.51 6251 62.5- 51

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a plant widely used as raw material in global beer production, valued for its aroma, flavor and bittering components. Despite Brazil’s third-place position in global beer production, the country still relies on imported hops. Thus, this study describes the chemical composition and volatile oil content of Cascade and Chinook hop cultivars grown in a tropical area in São Paulo state during 2020 and 2021, as well as imported commercial pellets. Hydrodistillation was employed to extract the oils, which were analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS techniques. Approximately 40% of the cultivated hop plants exhibited volatile oil content within the expected range. Among the 55 identified compounds, β-myrcene, β-caryophyllene, and α-humulene were the major constituents, and several key compounds contributing to hop aroma were detected. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clustering patterns based on cultivar and harvest year. This study reports the first comparative analysis of hops harvested in different years and the volatile oil composition and content of Chinook hops cultivated in Brazil, making a significant contribution to the fields of agronomy and national beer market. These findings highlight Brazil’s potential to become a major hop producer by implementing proper management practices and suitable technologies. Humulus L. L production components Brazils Brazil s thirdplace third place Thus 202 2021 pellets oils GCFID GC FID GCMS MS techniques 40 range 5 βmyrcene, βmyrcene β myrcene, myrcene β-myrcene βcaryophyllene, βcaryophyllene caryophyllene, caryophyllene β-caryophyllene αhumulene α humulene constituents detected year market technologies 20 4 2

Phytochemical study of Psychotria schlechtendaliana (Rubiaceae) aerial parts resulted in the isolation of alkaloids 4 N oxide harmane (1) and strictosidinic acid (2), and the terpenoids sitosterol, estigmasterol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin and betulinic acid. The crude extract (CE), its fractions (hexane FH, chloroform FC, ethyl acetate FEA, hydromethanolic FHM, alkaloidal chloroform FCOH, alkaloidal aqueous FAq) and majority alkaloid (1) were investigated for their antiproliferative potential against nine human tumor cells lines and one non-tumoral human cell line (HaCat). CE, FH and FEA fractions exhibited strong growth inhibition for ovary cells (OVCAR-3, GI50 = 5.89; 1.36 and 6.59 μg mL-1, respectively) and FC, FH and FAq fractions showed potent activity on the growth of leukemia cell lines (K562, GI50 = 1.92; 7.23 and 8.81 μg mL-1, respectively). Compound 1 exhibited selective antiproliferative activity to breast cancer (MCF-7, GI50 = 32.7 μg mL-1) and was non-toxic to HaCat cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect, models of ear edema induced by croton oil and the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) were used. FH and FC fractions exhibited anti-inflammatory effect and reduce ear edema compared to the control group. These fractions showed results superior to those exhibited by indomethacin (75.1%), FH (97.5%) and FC (95.5%) fractions. Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae (1 2, 2 , (2) sitosterol estigmasterol αamyrin, αamyrin α amyrin, amyrin α-amyrin βamyrin β CE (CE) hexane FHM FCOH nontumoral non tumoral HaCat. . (HaCat) OVCAR3, OVCAR3 OVCAR 3, 3 (OVCAR-3 GI GI5 5.89 589 5 89 136 36 1.3 659 6 59 6.5 mL1, mL1 mL 1, mL-1 respectively K562, K562 K (K562 1.92 192 92 723 7 23 7.2 881 8 81 8.8 respectively. MCF7, MCF7 MCF 7, (MCF-7 327 32 32. nontoxic toxic antiinflammatory anti inflammatory MPO (MPO used group 75.1%, 751 75.1% 75 (75.1%) 97.5% 975 97 (97.5% 95.5% 955 95 (95.5% ( (2 (CE (HaCat (OVCAR- 5.8 58 13 1. 65 6. mL- K56 (K56 1.9 19 9 72 7. 88 8. (MCF- 75.1 (75.1% 97.5 (97.5 95.5 (95.5 (OVCAR 5. K5 (K5 (MCF 75. (75.1 97. (97. 95. (95. (K (75. (97 (95 (75 (9 (7

This work evaluated the multi-element concentration in grape must and soil samples employing inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), after microwave-assisted digestion. The study aimed to establish a profile of seven grape varieties produced in Petrolina, region Submedium São Francisco, Brazil. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly showed a good separation of samples in terms of mineral constituents. Although some soil samples showed concentrations of Co, Cu and Ni higher than the prevention values (VP), no sample exceeded the values stipulated for an intervention in agricultural soils based on Resolution No. 420/2009 of the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA). So, the results obtained contribute to food mineral composition table, as it brings unprecedented information about the concentration of the elements in seven grape varieties, providing indicators of geographic location, and contributing to the preliminary construction of a geochemical base of the regional soil. multielement multi element ICP OES, OES , OES) microwaveassisted microwave assisted digestion Petrolina Francisco Brazil PCA (PCA constituents Co VP, VP (VP) No 4202009 420 2009 420/200 CONAMA. CONAMA . (CONAMA) So table location (VP 420200 42 200 420/20 (CONAMA 42020 4 20 420/2 4202 2 420/