Abstract In Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), many species build shelters during their ontogeny which may be serve as a scape strategy to reduce attacks from natural enemies and dislodgment from the host plant. This paper provides bioecological information regarding host plant, natural parasitism, and distribution of Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer) (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) collected near remnants of the Atlantic Forest "Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco" (CEPE), Northeast Region of Brazil. Larvae and pupae, the later showing signs of parasitism, were collected from a garden at the Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, State of Alagoas, Brazil. They were brought to the laboratory to record emergences and possible parasitoids. Data from distribution were obtained from labels of hesperiid deposited from the Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Curitiba, State of Paraná. The host plant was identified as Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberaceae). From the 13 larvae and two pupae collected in the environment, 20 specimens of Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) emerged from the pupae. This is the first report of parasitism on pupae of Cynea (C.) diluta.

Resumen En Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), muchas especies construyen refugios durante su ontogenia que pueden servir como estrategia de escape para reducir los ataques de enemigos naturales y el desprendimiento de la planta huésped. Este artículo proporciona información bioecológica sobre la planta huésped, el parasitismo natural y la distribución de Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer) (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) recolectada cerca de remanentes del Bosque Atlántico "Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco" (CEPE), región noreste de Brasil. Las larvas y pupas; estas últimas mostrando signos de parasitismo se recolectaron de un jardín de la Universidad Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Estado de Alagoas, Brasil. Estas fueron llevadas al laboratorio para registrar emergencias y posibles parasitoides. Los datos de distribución se obtuvieron de etiquetas de hespéridos depositados en la Coleção Entomológica Padre Jesus Santiago Moure, Curitiba, Estado de Paraná. La planta huésped fue identificada como Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum. (Zingiberáceas). De las 13 larvas y dos pupas recolectadas en el ambiente, se identificaron 20 ejemplares de Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) que emergieron de las pupas. Este es el primer registro de parasitismo en pupas de Cynea (C.) diluta.

ABSTRACT Great advances were made in recent years regarding the description of immatures of Cassidinae and their taxonomy as a whole, but many taxa remain undescribed. This study focuses on updating morphological data for Hybosa acutangula Spaeth, 1913 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Ischyrosonychini), a tortoise beetle native of South America, which was collected in Fridericia florida (DC.) L. G. Lohmann in the Brazilian Cerrado. We provide descriptions and illustrations of the morphology of the larva, pupa, and genitalia of adults, all of which are novel for this genus. The main discerning features for this species among other Ischyrosonychini are the lack of dark patterns in the dorsum of either the larvae, being limited to the dark scoli and the cranium, or the pupae, and a much reduced anal fork. We also present the first record of parasitism by Chalcididae wasps, Brachymeria sp. Westwood, 1832 and Conura sp. Spinola, 1837. Morphological comparisons remain limited demanding further studies with other species of Ischyrosonychini, as to better understand the placement of this species within the taxonomy of tortoise beetles. whole undescribed Spaeth 191 Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelidae , Ischyrosonychini) America DC. DC (DC. L G Cerrado larva pupa adults genus larvae cranium pupae fork wasps sp Westwood 183 Spinola 1837 beetles 19 (DC 18 1

Abstract In this work, we report for the first time the occurrence of the parasitoid wasp Brachymeria amenocles (Walker, 1846) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) associated with the larvae of the flesh fly, Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), in Brazil. This parasitoid species was collected together with the species Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787), in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, geographically located in the Southeast region of Brazil, in larvae of the same host species reared in the same attraction substrate, behaving as solitary parasitoids. A trap containing putrefying sardine was exposed for 48 h, in the upper part of a house, located in Vila Isabel, an urban area. The larvae collected were reared in the laboratory without control of environmental conditions. A total of three adult parasitoid wasps of the species B. podagrica, and nine adult parasitoid wasps of the species B. amenocles emerged from 12 host pupae, resulting in a prevalence of parasitoidism of 4.8% and 14.5%, respectively. Developing parasitoids at the pupal phase were observed in another 34 host pupae dissected.

RESUMO Os Chalcididae são parasitoides com distribuição ampla e grande riqueza com quase 1.500 espécies descritas. Apresentam potencial de diversidade maior, principalmente em função dos poucos estudos e da complexidade taxonômica associada. Estudos em regiões semiáridas são escassos e necessários para contribuir com conhecimento biogeográfico da fauna Neotropical, portanto o objetivo desse trabalho foi registrar as espécies de Chalcididae que ocorrem no município de Barra do Choça, Bahia, inserido no no semiárido da Bahia. Foram utilizadas cinco armadilhas do tipo Malaise distribuídas em duas áreas de vegetação nativa e uma constituída demonocultura, com monitoramento mensal por dois anos consecutivos. Os insetos foram triados e os espécimes da família Chalcididae identificados em nível de espécie, quando possível. Totalizaram-se 182 espécimes, distribuídos em cinco gêneros (Aspirrhina Kyrbi, 1883; Brachymeria Westwood, 1829; Conura Spinola, 1837; Dirhinus Dalman, 1818 e Haltichella Spinola, 1811), 18 espécies identificadas e 32 morfotipadas. O gênero Conura foi o mais abundante e também o mais, com 12 espécies nomeadas e potencialmente 30 novas espécies. A vegetação nativa apresentou maior abundância e maior riqueza taxonômica, principalmente na capoeira. O eucalipto teve baixa diversidade com predominância de Brachymeria. A espécie C. nigricornis se apresentou com maior frequência relativa. Este estudo constitui a primeira lista de espécies de Chalcididae no semiárido. As amostragens realizadas no semiárido baiano evidenciaram uma diversidade relevante de Chalcidade quando comparada com outras regiões brasileiras.

ABSTRACT Chalcididae is a family of parasitoids with wide distribution and great richness, with almost 1,500 described species. Its diversity might be greater than that known today, mainly due to the few existing studies and its taxonomic complexity. Studies in semiarid regions are scarce and necessary to contribute to the biogeographic knowledge of the neotropical fauna. Therefore, the objective of this work was to record Chalcididae species that occur in the municipality of Barra do Choça, in the Semiarid region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Five Malaise traps were distributed in two areas with native vegetation and an area with eucalyptus plantation, which were monitored monthly for two consecutive years. The insects were sorted and specimens of the family Chalcididae were identified at the species level, when possible. A total of 182 specimens from five genera (Aspirrhina Kyrbi, 1883; Brachymeria Westwood, 1829; Conura Spinola, 1837; Dirhinus Dalman, 1818, and Haltichella Spinola, 1811), and 18 species were identified and 32 were morphotyped. The genus Conura was the most abundant and the most diverse, with 12 species identified and 30 potential new species. The native vegetation presented higher abundance and higher taxonomic wealth, mainly in the area at initial stage of succession (capoeira). The eucalyptus area presented low diversity, with predominance of Brachymeria species. The species C. nigricornis presented the highest relative frequency. This study constitutes the first list of Chalcididae species in the Semiarid region of Brazil. The sampling carried out in the state Bahia showed an important diversity of Chalcididae species when compared to other regions of Brazil.

RESUMEN En este trabajo se reporta por primera vez a la avispa Brachymeria podagrica para Colombia y como parasitoide solitario de larvas de la mosca Peckia collusor. Los enemigos naturales fueron atraídos al exponer 200 larvas de P. collusor en tercer instar a condiciones ambientales naturales durante 6 horas el 16 de abril de 2015 en el jardín del Tecnológico de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia). Como resultado, 29 adultos de B. Podagrica emergieron de las pupas. La prevalencia de parasitismo fue del 14,5 %.

ABSTRACT In this work, the wasp Brachymeria podagrica is recorded for the first time for Colombia, a solitary parasitoid of larvae of the Peckia collusor fly. Third instar larvae of P. collusor were exposed to outdoor ambient conditions for 6 hours in the garden of the Tecnológico de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia). 29 B. podagrica adults were obtained from the host pupae. Prevalence of parasitism was 14.5 %.

RESUMEN El arrollador de frutales, Archips rosana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), es una plaga que causa graves pérdidas de cultivos en los manzanos de todo el mundo. En este estudio se investigó la dinámica poblacional de A. rosana y sus parasitoides asociados en dos provincias del oeste de Turquía (Denizli y Usak) en 2018 y 2019. Se recolectaron un total de 318 masas de huevos, 300 larvas y 129 pupas de las áreas de estudio. Aunque no se detectaron parasitoides en masas de huevos, diez especies de parasitoides pertenecientes a Braconidae, Chalcididae e Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) y Tachinidae (Diptera), se criaron a partir de las muestras de larvas y pupas. Phytodietus astutus (Gravenhorst) (Ichneumonidae) fue la especie parasitoide más abundante, con una abundancia relativa del 35,1%, seguida de Itoplectus maculator (Fabricius) (Ichneumonidae) representada por el 27% de los parasitoides recuperados. Además, P. astutus y Scambus inanis (Schrank) (Ichneumonidae) criados a partir de las muestras son los primeros registros de Turquía, mientras que Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Braconidae), Exochus sp. (Ichneumonidae) y Nemorilla maculosa (Meigen) (Tachinidae) son los primeros registros de A. rosana. Utilizando trampas de feromonas en los manzanos, el primer adulto de A. rosana fue capturado el 24 de mayo en Civril (Denizli) y el 30 de mayo en Sivasli (Usak) en 2019.

ABSTRACT The rose tortrix moth, Archips rosana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a pest that causes serious crop losses in apple orchards throughout the world. In this study, the population dynamics of A. rosana and its associated parasitoids were investigated in two provinces of Western Turkey (Denizli and Usak) in 2018 and 2019. A total of 318 egg masses, 300 larvae, and 129 pupae were collected from the survey areas. Although no parasitoids were detected in egg masses, ten parasitoid species belonging to Braconidae, Chalcididae, and Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera), and Tachinidae (Diptera), were reared from the samples of larvae and pupae. Phytodietus astutus (Gravenhorst) (Ichneumonidae) was the most abundant parasitoid species, with a relative abundance of 35.1%, followed by Itoplectus maculator (Fabricius) (Ichneumonidae) represented by 27% of the recovered parasitoids. Moreover, P. astutus and Scambus inanis (Schrank) (Ichneumonidae) reared from the samples are the first records from Turkey, while Cotesia glomerata (L.) (Braconidae), Exochus sp.(Ichneumonidae), and Nemorilla maculosa (Meigen) (Tachinidae) are the first records from A. rosana. Using pheromone traps in the apple orchards, the first adult of A. rosana was caught on May 24 in Civril (Denizli) and on May 30 in Sivasli (Usak) in 2019.

Abstract: Urban trees are a source of food resources, habitat and refuge for the biodiversity that occurs in cities. However, the taxonomic identity and status of each plant species as native and / or exotic of in an ecosystem influences its interactions with biodiversity. Wasps are one of the main insects present in terrestrial ecosystems, including urban ecosystems, as components of their biodiversity, playing an important role as biocontrol agents (predators and parasitoids) of populations of other insects associated with urban flora or as phytophagous. Seeking to deepen into the knowledge of the diversity of wasps in the city of Bogotá and their ecological interactions, in this study the diversity of wasps associated with three native and three exotic species frequently in urban parks of the city was evaluated. In total, 22 wasp families and 227 morphospecies were identified. The families Bethylidae, Chalcididae and Crabronidae are recorded for the first time in Bogotá. On the other part, the families Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae were the ones that contributed with the most richness and abundance in this study. Regarding their association with the evaluated plant species, a greater diversity of morphospecies associated with native tree species was found, however, there is an effect of the taxonomic identity and the factor park on the results that are discussed. It highlighting the importance of conserving the native urban flora in green spaces of Bogota’s city, in order to maintain and preserve the diversity of wasps principally with parasitoid and predator habits and thus enhance their role as natural biocontrol agents of insects that affect the health of urban trees, at the same time that ecological processes and functionality of this urban ecosystem would be stimulated.

Resumen: El arbolado urbano es fuente de recursos alimenticios, hábitat y refugio para la biodiversidad que ocurre en las ciudades. No obstante, la identidad taxonómica y el estatus de cada especie de planta como nativa y/o exótica de un ecosistema influencia sus interacciones con la biodiversidad. Las avispas son uno de los principales insectos presentes en los ecosistemas terrestres, incluyendo el urbano, como componentes de su biodiversidad, ejerciendo un rol importante como controladores biológicos (parasitoides y depredadores) de las poblaciones de otros insectos asociados a la flora urbana o como fitófagos. Buscando profundizar en el conocimiento de la diversidad de avispas en la ciudad de Bogotá y sus interacciones ecológicas, en este estudio se evaluó la diversidad de avispas asociadas a tres especies arbóreas nativas y tres exóticas frecuentes en los parques urbanos de la ciudad. En total se identificaron 22 familias de avispas y 227 morfoespecies. Las familias Bethylidae, Chalcididae y Crabronidae se registran por primera vez en Bogotá. Por su parte, las familias Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae y Braconidae fueron las que aportaron la mayor riqueza y abundancia en este estudio. Con respecto a su asociación con las especies vegetales evaluadas, se encontró una mayor diversidad de morfoespecies asociadas a las especies arbóreas nativas, sin embargo, hay un efecto de la identidad taxonómica de la especie y la variable parque sobre los resultados encontrados que se discuten. Se resalta la importancia de conservar la flora nativa en los espacios verdes de la ciudad de Bogotá, con el fin de mantener y conservar la diversidad de avispas principalmente de hábitos parasitoides y depredadores y así potencializar su rol como biocontroladores naturales de los insectos que afectan la salud del arbolado urbano, al mismo tiempo que se dinamizarían los procesos ecológicos y funcionalidad de este ecosistema urbano.

Abstract The defensive movements of the pupae of Eurema blanda in response to the oviposition behaviour of the chalcidid wasp Brachymeria sp. were observed in natural condition and reported here for the first time.

Resumen Se reportan y observan por primera vez en condiciones naturales los movimientos defensivos de las pupas de Eurema blanda en respuesta al comportamiento de oviposición del calcídido Brachymeria sp.

Resumen Desde el 2009 se ha evidenciado en las plantaciones de cacao del valle de Zarumilla (Tumbes, Perú), la presencia de un insecto plaga de especie aún no identificada, cuyas larvas perforan los tallos y frutos del cacao, y afectan su valor comercial por la invasión de microorganismos patógenos secundarios. Este trabajo de investigación que se realizó de marzo a agosto del 2014 tuvo como objetivos identificar y describir morfológicamente al barrenador del fruto y tallo del cacao, no reportado para las condiciones de este valle. Las recolectas se realizaron en campos cacaoteros del valle de Zarumilla y la crianza de los estados inmaduros, en el laboratorio de Entomología de la Universidad Nacional de Tumbes. Los resultados permitieron determinar que la especie cuya larva perfora los tallos y frutos del cacao es Carmenta theobromae. Se describen las principales características morfológicas de esta especie, referente a los estados de huevo, larva, pupa y adulto de ambos sexos. Además, del material biológico recolectado en campo durante el muestreo, se identificaron dos parasitoides a nivel de familia, un díptero Tachinidae recuperado de larvas y un himenóptero Chalcididae a partir de pupas. Se concluye que la especie que barrena los frutos de cacao en las plantaciones del valle de Zarumilla es C. theobromae. El presente estudio servirá de base para realizar futuras investigaciones de la biología y comportamiento en relación con los factores ambientales y determinar si esta especie tiene preferencia por determinados clones de cacao sembrados en la zona.

Abstract Since 2009, the presence of a pest insect of an unidentified species whose larvae pierce the stems and fruits of the cocoa plant, affecting the commercial value of the fruits by the invasion of secondary pathogenic microorganisms, has been demonstrated in the cocoa plantations of the Zarumilla valley, (Tumbes, Peru). This research work was carried out from March to August 2014 in order to identify and morphologically characterize the borer of the fruit and stem of the cocoa plant not reported for the conditions of this valley. The collections were made in cocoa fields of the Zarumilla valley and the breeding of immature states was carried out in the Entomology laboratory of the National University of Tumbes. The results made it possible to determine that the species whose larva pierces the cacao stems and fruits is Carmenta theobromae. The main morphological characteristics of this species are described, referring to the egg, larva, pupa and adult stages of both sexes. In addition, from the biological material collected in the field during the sampling, it was possible to identify two parasitoids at the family level, a dipteran Tachinidae recovered from larvae and a hymenopteran Chalcididae recovered from pupae. It is concluded that the species that burrows cocoa fruits in cocoa plantations in the Zarumilla Valley is C. theobromae. The present study will serve as the basis for biology and behavioral studies of in relation to environmental factors and to determine if this species has a preference for certain cocoa clones planted in the valley.

RESUMEN El museo entomológico de la Universidad Nacional Agronomía Bogotá (UNAB) en Colombia contiene colecciones de artrópodos de importancia en sistemas de producción agrícola y silvícola, provenientes en su mayoría de las regiones de los Andes orientales y la Amazonia cercana del país. Como aporte al conocimiento de la diversidad de avispas parasitoides asociadas a agroecosistemas (cacao en agroforestería, principalmente) de estas áreas geográficas, el presente trabajo presenta una primera aproximación al estudio de las avispas Chalcididae de este museo. Se organizó el estatus curatorial, los géneros representados fueron identificados, y las ocurrencias geográficas en extensión y altitud gráficamente representadas. La Colección Taxonómica Central (CTC) del museo UNAB cuenta con 214 especímenes de la familia, que corresponden a los géneros Brachymeria, Conura, Dirhinus, Ecuada, Haltichella, Notaspidium, Parastypiura y Stypiura, con registros para 17 departamentos. Los géneros Ecuada y Parastypiura, así como 11 especies de Conura se registran por primera vez para el país.

ABSTRACT The entomological museum of Universidad Nacional, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Bogota, (UNAB) Colombia, conserves several arthropod collections. These collections are considered of great interest to several agricultural and silvicultural production systems in the eastern Andes and the nearby Amazon region (Caqueta and Putumayo provinces) of the country. As a contribution to the knowledge of the diversity of parasitoid wasps associated to agroecosystems (cacao in agroforestry systems, mainly) of these geographical areas, the current research presents a first approach to the study of Chalcididae wasps at this museum. The curatorial status was organized, the represented genera identified, and the geographic occurrences in extension and altitude graphically represented. The Central Taxonomic Collection (CTC) is the main collection at UNAB. It contains 214 specimens of the family Chalcididae that correspond to the genera Brachymeria, Conura, Dirhinus, Haltichella, Notaspidium, Stypiura, Ecuada, and Parastypiura, with records from 17 provinces. The genera Ecuada and Parastypiura, as well as 11 species of Conura, are recorded for the country for the first time.

Abstract Palpita flegia (Cramer 1777) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, is a pest insect that feeds on the foliage of Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold. The integrated management of the species a full knowledge about its biology and behavior. The objective of this study was to determine the number of larval stages and duration of biological phases in P. flegia under laboratory conditions, to determine the caloric requirements expressed in degrees days and to describe the ethological aspects of the species. Palpita flegia has six larval development stages. The larval phase lasted 25 days, the pupal phase 16 days, and adult survival was five days. This species requires 403.52 degree days for the development of the biological cycle. Population increases during fall with average temperatures of 15 °C and relative humidity of 60 to 75 %. Presence of the pupal parasitoid Brachymeria flegiae Burks, 1960 (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) was verified. Sanitary pruning and conservation of natural enemies are indicated as measures for pest control.

Resumen Palpita flegia (Cramer 1777) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), es un insecto plaga que se alimenta del follaje de Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold., originario de México. Para el manejo integrado de la especie se requieren conocimientos sobre su biología y comportamiento. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar el número de estadios larvales y duración de fases biológicas de P. flegia en condiciones de laboratorio, de acuerdo con los requerimientos calóricos expresados en grados días. P. flegia posee un desarrollo larval de seis estadios. El periodo larval duró 25 días, el pupal 16 y la sobrevivencia del adulto cinco días. El ciclo biológico a especie requiere 403.52 grados días. Los incrementos poblaciones se producen durante otoños con temperaturas promedio de 15 °C y humedad relativa de 60 a 75 %. La presencia del parasitoide de pupas Brachymeria flegiae (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae) se verifica. La poda sanitaria y la conservación de enemigos naturales se indican como medidas para el control de la plaga.

Resumo: Os objetivos deste trabalho foram conhecer a fauna de Hymenoptera associada à cultura da melancia e avaliar a influência das armadilhas Pitfall, Moericke e McPhail na captura desses insetos, em ambiente semiárido no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O levantamento foi realizado entre os meses de agosto e setembro de 2011, em área de produção comercial de melancia cv. Crimson Sweet. As coletas dos himenópteros foram realizadas, semanalmente, durante o ciclo da cultura. Para captura dos insetos, foram utilizados três tipos de armadilhas, Pitfall, Moericke e McPhail, na densidade de 20, 20 e 1 armadilha por hectare, respectivamente. As armadilhas foram instaladas sete dias após o plantio das sementes, e mantidas na área até a colheita dos frutos. Foram coletados um total de 3.123 himenópteros pertencentes a 10 superfamílias, distribuídas em 24 famílias. Formicidae foi a mais representativa, com abundância relativa total de 54,43%, seguida por Apidae com 17,96%. Foi observada também a presença de 18 famílias de himenópteros parasitoides (18,89%), com destaque para Platygastridae (6,60%), Encyrtidae (2,79%), Chalcididae (2,56%), Mymaridae (2,56%), Pompilidae (1,15%) e Trichogrammatidae (1,09%). Ressalta-se ainda a ocorrência das famílias de predadores Crabronidae (6,34%), Vespidae (2,24%) e Sphecidae (0,10%). Dentre as armadilhas, Moericke capturou a maior diversidade de Hymenoptera (24 famílias), seguida por Pitfall (11 famílias) e McPhail (sete famílias).

ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to identify the Hymenoptera fauna associated with watermelon crops and assess the influence of Pitfall, Moericke and McPhail traps in capturing these insects in the semiarid environment of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The survey was conducted between the months of August and September, 2011, in a commercial watermelon cv Crimson Sweet production área. The collection of the Hymenoptera was conducted weekly during the crop cycle. To capture the insects, three types of traps were used, Pitfall, Moericke and McPhail, in densities 20, 20 and 1 trap per hectare, respectively. The traps were installed seven days after seeding and maintained in the area until harvest. A total of 3,123 Hymenoptera were collected, belonging to 10 superfamilies, and 24 families. Formicidae was the most representative, with a total relative abundance of 54.43%, followed by Apidae with 17.96%. The presence of 18 families of parasitoids (18.89%) was also observed, notably Platygastridae (6.60%), Encyrtidae (2.79%), Chalcididae (2.56%), Mymaridae (2.56%), Pompilidae (1.15%) and Trichogrammatidae (1.09%). The occurrence of predators from the families Crabronidae (6.34 %), Vespidae (2.24 %) and Sphecidae (0.10%) is noteworthy. Among the traps, Moericke captured the greatest diversity of Hymenoptera (24 families), followed by Pitfall (11 families) and McPhail (seven families) traps.

The knowledge of the natural enemies associated with a culture is one of the basic aspects to think of when applying strategies for biological control. The aim of this study is to obtain information about the complex of natural enemies present in two cherry orchards in southern Patagonia where no application of agrochemicals takes place. Surveys were carried out weekly in order to collect predators and parasitoids in the orchards. Determination of individuals was carried out by means of entomological determination keys. Furthermore, specialized taxonomists were consulted for determination of doubtful individuals. More than 170 individuals were determined from both sites, of which around 70% belonged to the families Braconidae, Ichneumonidae and Chalcididae, which are known for their great potential as agents for biocontrol.

El conocimiento de los agentes benéficos asociados a un cultivo forma parte de los aspectos básicos que deben tenerse en cuenta a la hora de establecer estrategias de control biológico. El objetivo del trabajo es brindar información acerca del complejo de enemigos naturales hallado en dos cultivos de cerezo en la Región Patagonia Sur donde no se emplean agroquímicos. Para ello, se desarrollaron monitoreos semanales con el fin de recolectar predadores y parasitoides sobre el cultivo. La determinación de los individuos se realizó con ayuda de claves entomológicas adecuadas. Se contó con la colaboración de especialistas taxonómos. Se obtuvieron más de 170 individuos en ambos predios, entre las cuales el 70% pertenece a las familias Braconidae, Ichneumonidae y Chalcididae (Orden Hymenoptera) que son las que poseen reconocida acción como agentes de biocontrol.

La diversidad de enemigos naturales de Neoleucinodes elegantalis está asociada a la solanácea hospedera y al ambiente ecológico donde se cultivan estas plantas en Colombia. Se recolectaron huevos y pupas de N. elegantalis en campo, se llevaron al laboratorio donde se mantuvieron en condiciones controladas hasta la emergencia de los parasitoides asociados a estos estados biológicos. Los parasitoides de larvas se recuperaron en cámaras de cría a partir de frutos infestados. En lulo (Solanum quitoense) se registró la mayor diversidad y amplia distribución de himenópteros parasitoides de larvas y pupas. Como parasitoides de larvas se registraron los bracónidos: Apanteles sp., Bracon spp. (dos morfoespecies) y Chelonus sp., y a la mosca Lixophaga sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae). Como parasitoides de pupas se reconocieron a las familias Ichneumonidae, Chalcidiidie y Eulophidae, siendo los primeros más abundantes, destacándose Pimplasanguinipes, Lymeon sp. y Neotheronia sp. En Chalcididae Brachymeria sp., y en Eulophidae el más representativo fue Trichospilus diatraea. En tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) el parasitoide más frecuente y con mayor distribución fue Copidosoma sp. (Encyrtidae). El parasitoide de huevos Trichogramma sp. (Trichogrammatidae) se encontró únicamente en tomate de mesa (Solanum lycopersicum). Se describe el comportamiento parasítico observado en campo, la distribución geográfica de los parasitoides y se plantean recomendaciones prácticas para su conservación en cultivos de solanáceas incluidos en este estudio.

The diversity of natural enemies for Neoleucinodes elegantalis depends on the host plant and the ecological environment where these plants are grown. Eggs and pupae of N. elegantalis were collected and keep under controlled conditions until the emergence of parasitoids associated to these stages. Parasitoids of larvae were recovered in brood chambers from infested fruits. The highest diversity of species, abundance and wide distribution of hymenopteran parasitoid larvae and pupae were registered on lulo (Solanum quitoense). The most important larval parasitoids were the braconids: Apanteles sp., Bracon spp. (two morphospecies), and Chelonus sp., also the fly Lixophaga sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae). As parasitoids for pupae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae and Chalcididae families were registered. The most abundant were Ichneumonidae species, with Pimpla sanguinipes and, species belonging to the genera Lymeon sp. and Neotheronia sp. Brachymeria sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and mostly Trichospilus diatraea in Eulophidae were found infesting pupae of N. elegantalis. Qn tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), the most abundant, more frequently collected, and widely distributed parasitoid was Copidosoma sp. (Encyrtidae). The egg parasitoid Trichogramma sp. (Trichogrammatidae) was found only on table tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). We describe the parasitic behavior observed in the field and, the geographic distribution of parasitoids. We discuss about conservation practices in solana-ceous crops.