Abstract Objective: To describe Top-hat results and their association with margin status and disease relapse in a referral facility in Brazil. Methods: A retrospective study of 440 women submitted to LEEP to treat HSIL, in which 80 cases were complemented immediately by the top hat procedure (Top-hat Group - TH). TH Group was compared to women not submitted to Top-hat (NTH). The sample by convenience included all women that underwent LEEP from January 2017 to July 2020. The main outcome was the histological result. Other variables were margins, age, transformation zone (TZ), depth, and relapse. The analysis used the Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The TH Group was predominantly 40 and older (NTH 23.1% vs. TH 65.0%, p<0.001). No difference was found in having CIN2/CIN3 as the final diagnosis (NTH 17.0% vs. TH 21.3%, p=0.362), or in the prevalence of relapse (NTH 12.0% vs. TH 9.0%, p=0.482). Of the 80 patients submitted to top hat, the histological result was CIN2/CIN3 in eight. A negative top hat result was related to a negative endocervical margin of 83.3%. A CIN2/CIN3 Top-hat result was related to CIN2/CIN3 margin in 62.5% (p=0.009). The chance of obtaining a top hat negative result was 22.4 times higher (2.4-211.0) when the endocervical margin was negative and 14.5 times higher (1.5-140.7) when the ectocervical margin was negative. Conclusion: The top hat procedure did not alter the final diagnosis of LEEP. No impact on relapse was observed. The procedure should be avoided in women of reproductive age. Objective Tophat Top Brazil Methods 44 HSIL 8 TH. . TH) NTH. NTH (NTH) 201 2020 margins age TZ, TZ , (TZ) depth Chisquare Chi square regression Results 4 231 23 1 23.1 vs 650 65 0 65.0% p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 001 p<0.001) CIN2CIN3 CINCIN CIN2 CIN3 CIN CIN2/CIN 170 17 17.0 213 21 3 21.3% p=0.362, p0362 p=0.362 362 p=0.362) 120 12 12.0 90 9 9.0% p=0.482. p0482 p=0.482 482 p=0.482) eight 833 83 83.3% 625 62 5 62.5 p=0.009. p0009 p=0.009 009 (p=0.009) 224 22 22. 2.4211.0 242110 2.4 211.0 2 211 (2.4-211.0 145 14 14. 1.5140.7 151407 1.5 140.7 140 7 (1.5-140.7 Conclusion observed 20 202 (TZ 23. 6 65.0 p000 p<0.00 00 CIN2CIN 17. 21.3 p036 p=0.36 36 12. 9.0 p048 p=0.48 48 83.3 62. p=0.00 (p=0.009 4211 2.4211. 24211 24 2. 2110 211. (2.4-211. 5140 1.5140. 15140 15 1. 1407 140. (1.5-140. 65. p00 p<0.0 21. p03 p=0.3 9. p04 p=0.4 83. p=0.0 (p=0.00 421 2.4211 2421 (2.4-211 514 1.5140 1514 (1.5-140 p0 p<0. p=0. (p=0.0 42 2.421 242 (2.4-21 51 1.514 151 (1.5-14 p<0 p=0 (p=0. 2.42 (2.4-2 1.51 (1.5-1 p< p= (p=0 (2.4- (1.5- (p= (2.4 (1.5 (p (2. (1. (2 (1 (

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de alteraciones en la citología anal, infección anal por virus del papiloma humano y en la neoplasia intraepitelial anal; además, explorar los factores de riesgo y los serotipos asociados en pacientes con lesión intraepitelial cervical de alto grado, a partir de la hipótesis de que esta población tiene mayor riesgo de lesiones precursoras o cáncer anal. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con componente analítico, efectuado en pacientes con diagnóstico de lesión intraepitelial cervical de alto grado (LIEAG) en dos instituciones de salud: una privada y otra pública de Bogotá, atendidas entre enero de 2017 y febrero de 2018. Se efectuó un muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 119 participantes, en 4 de ellas se evidenció, en la citología anal, el hallazgo de células anormales en el tejido que reviste la parte exterior del cuello uterino. Se encontraron 14 anoscopias anormales que dieron una prevalencia de neoplasia intraepitelial anal del 6.7%. Siete eran neoplasia intraepitelial anal de bajo grado y una de alto grado. Se encontró infección por VPH anal en 45 participantes (37.8%) y se detectaron genotipos de VPH-AR en 29 participantes (24.4%). Más de 3 compañeros sexuales, más de 3 hijos y tener menos de 21 años antes del primer embarazo tuvieron un valor de p < 0.05 que confiere mayor riesgo de infección por VPH anal. CONCLUSIÓN: Es importante establecer en Colombia protocolos para la detección de la neoplasia intraepitelial anal en grupos de alto riesgo, como las pacientes con neoplasia intraepitelial cervical o cáncer de cuello uterino, e incentivar el adiestramiento en la anoscopia de alta resolución en especialistas relacionados con el diagnóstico de patología anogenital.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of alterations in anal cytology, anal human papillomavirus infection, and anal intraepithelial neoplasia, and to explore the risk factors and associated serotypes in patients with high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion, based on the hypothesis that this population is at higher risk for precancerous lesions or anal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study, with analytical component, performed in patients diagnosed with high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesion (HG-CIL) in two health institutions: one private and one public in Bogota, visited between January 2017 and February 2018. A non-probabilistic sampling was performed, by convenience, with a sample calculated in 124 patients. RESULTS: 119 participants were included, in 4 of them it was evidenced in the anal cytology, the finding of abnormal cells in the tissue lining the outside of the cervix. Fourteen abnormal anoscopies were found, giving a prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia of 6.7%. Seven were low-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia and one was high-grade. Anal HPV infection was detected in 45 participants (37.8%) and HR-HPV genotypes were detected in 29 participants (24.4%). More than 3 sexual partners, more than 3 children and being younger than 21 years before first pregnancy had a p-value < 0.05 conferring an increased risk of anal HPV infection. CONCLUSION: It is important to establish protocols in Colombia for the detection of anal intraepithelial neoplasia in high-risk groups, such as patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer, and to promote training in high-resolution anoscopy in specialties related to the diagnosis of anogenital pathology.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To compare the coverage of cervical cancer screening in Brazil in 2013 and 2019, investigating the factors associated with having the test performed and the reasons given for not doing it. Additionally, a comparison is made concerning the time taken to receive the test result in SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde) and in the private health services. METHODS Using data from the National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS), prevalence rates and corresponding confidence intervals were calculated to determine the frequency of recent cervical cancer screenings among women aged between 25 and 64 years old in Brazil, for both 2013 and 2019. Poisson regression models were employed to compare the prevalence of the outcome according to sociodemographic characteristics. The reasons for not having the test and the time between performing and receiving the result were also analyzed. RESULTS The findings revealed an increase in the coverage of preventive cervical cancer exams in Brazil from 78.7% in 2013 to 81.3% in 2019. Additionally, there was a decline in the proportion of women who had never undergone the exam, from 9.7% to 6.1%. Prevalence of test uptake was higher among white women, those with higher levels of education and income, and those residing in the South and Southeast regions of the country. The most commonly cited reasons for not taking the test were the impression it was unnecessary (45% in both 2013 and 2019) and never having been asked to undergo the test (20.6% in 2013 and 14.8% in 2019). CONCLUSIONS Despite the high coverage of screening achieved in the country, there is great inequality in access to the test, and a non-negligible number of women are at greater risk of dying from a preventable disease. Efforts must be made to structure an organized screening program that identifies and captures the most vulnerable women. 201 2019 Additionally Sistema services Pesquisa PNS, PNS , PNS) 2 6 characteristics analyzed 787 78 7 78.7 813 81 3 81.3 exam 97 9 9.7 61 1 6.1% income country 45% 45 (45 20.6% 206 20 (20.6 148 14 8 14.8 . nonnegligible non negligible disease 78. 81. 9. 6.1 4 (4 20.6 (20. 14. 6. ( 20. (20 (2

RESUMO OBJETIVOS Comparar a cobertura do rastreamento do câncer de colo do útero no Brasil em 2013 e 2019, investigar os fatores associados à realização do exame e os motivos informados para não ter realizado, além de comparar o tempo do recebimento do resultado do exame no SUS e na rede privada. MÉTODOS A partir de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) foram calculadas as prevalências e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de realização do exame preventivo do câncer do colo do útero há menos de três anos, em mulheres de 25 a 64 anos, em 2013 e 2019. Modelos de regressão de Poisson foram utilizados para comparar as prevalências do desfecho segundo características sociodemográficas. Também foram analisados os motivos para não ter feito o exame e o tempo entre a realização e o recebimento do laudo. RESULTADOS Houve aumento na cobertura do exame preventivo no Brasil entre 2013 (78,7%) e 2019 (81,3%) e redução na proporção de mulheres que nunca fizeram o exame de 9,7% para 6,1%. A prevalência de realização do exame foi maior em mulheres brancas, melhor escolaridade e renda mais alta, residentes nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. Os motivos mais frequentes para não realizar o exame foram achar desnecessário (45% em 2013 e em 2019) e nunca ter sido orientada a fazê-lo (20,6% em 2013 e 14,8% em 2019). CONCLUSÕES Apesar das elevadas coberturas de rastreamento alcançadas pelo país, há grande desigualdade no acesso ao exame, e uma parcela não desprezível de mulheres está sob maior risco de morrer por uma doença que pode ser evitada. Esforços devem ser feitos para a estruturação de um programa de rastreamento organizado que identifique e capte as mulheres mais vulneráveis. 201 realizado privada PNS (PNS anos 2 6 sociodemográficas laudo 78,7% 787 78 7 (78,7% 81,3% 813 81 3 (81,3% 97 9 9,7 61 1 6,1% brancas alta Sudeste 45% 45 (45 fazêlo fazê lo 20,6% 206 20 (20,6 148 14 8 14,8 . país evitada vulneráveis 78,7 (78,7 81,3 (81,3 9, 6,1 4 (4 20,6 (20, 14, 78, (78, 81, (81, 6, ( 20, (20 (78 (81 (2 (7 (8

Resumen Objetivo comprender la percepción de los enfermeros de atención primaria sobre las repercusiones de la pandemia en la realización de exámen citopatológico cervical. Método estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, con datos analizados por Análisis de Contenido. Fueron entrevistadas doces enfermeras que actúan en la atención primaria en Foz do Iguaçu, PR, entre febrero y marzo de 2022. Resultados surgieron tres categorías temáticas que discutieron los daños de la pandemia para el tamizaje del cáncer de cuello uterino; necesidad de reorganizar el servicio, destacando la baja adherencia; y falta de estrategias para el retorno de las prácticas de salud. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica en la pandemia hubo una suspensión de la recolección preventiva y después del período crítico, el miedo a la contaminación por parte de las mujeres, la falta de insumos y recursos humanos dificultó la reanudación del servicio. Se vuelve relevante para la práctica desarrollar acciones y estrategias que favorezcan la realización del examen, con el fin de disminuir la morbimortalidad por esta neoplasia. cervical cualitativo descriptivo Contenido Iguaçu PR 2022 uterino servicio adherencia salud crítico mujeres examen neoplasia 202 20 2

Abstract Objective to understand the perception of primary care nurses about the repercussions of the pandemic on the performance of cervical cytopathological exam. Method qualitative, descriptive study, with data analyzed by Content Analysis. Twelve nurses working in primary care in Foz do Iguaçu, PR, between February and March of 2022, were interviewed. Results three thematic categories emerged that discussed the damages of the pandemic for cervical cancer screening; need to reorganize the service, highlighting the low adherence; and lack of strategies for the return of health practices. Conclusion and implications for practice in the pandemic, there was a suspension of preventive collection and after the critical period, the fear of contamination by women, lack of inputs and human resources made it difficult to resumption of service. It’s relevant for practice to develop actions and strategies that encourage the performance of the exam, in order to reduce morbidity and mortality from this neoplasm. exam qualitative study Analysis Iguaçu PR 2022 interviewed screening service adherence practices period women Its It s neoplasm 202 20 2

Resumo Objetivo compreender a percepção de enfermeiros da atenção primária sobre as repercussões da pandemia na realização do exame citopatológico do colo-uterino. Método estudo qualitativo, descritivo, com dados analisados pela Análise de Conteúdo. Foram entrevistados 12 enfermeiros, atuantes na atenção primária de Foz do Iguaçu, PR, entre fevereiro e março de 2022. Resultados emergiram três categorias temáticas que discorreram sobre os prejuízos da pandemia para o rastreamento do câncer de colo-uterino; necessidade de reorganização do serviço, destacando a baixa adesão; e falta de estratégias para o retorno das práticas em saúde. Conclusão e implicações para a prática na pandemia houve a suspensão da coleta de preventivo e após o período crítico, o medo da contaminação pelas mulheres, falta de insumos e recursos humanos dificultaram a retomada do serviço. Torna-se relevante para a prática, desenvolver ações e estratégias que incentivem a realização do exame, para assim reduzir a morbimortalidade por essa neoplasia. colouterino. colouterino colo uterino. uterino colo-uterino qualitativo descritivo Conteúdo 1 Iguaçu PR 2022 serviço adesão saúde crítico mulheres Tornase Torna se neoplasia 202 20 2

RESUMO OBJETIVOS Comparar a cobertura do rastreamento do câncer de colo do útero no Brasil em 2013 e 2019, investigar os fatores associados à realização do exame e os motivos informados para não ter realizado, além de comparar o tempo do recebimento do resultado do exame no SUS e na rede privada. MÉTODOS A partir de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) foram calculadas as prevalências e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de realização do exame preventivo do câncer do colo do útero há menos de três anos, em mulheres de 25 a 64 anos, em 2013 e 2019. Modelos de regressão de Poisson foram utilizados para comparar as prevalências do desfecho segundo características sociodemográficas. Também foram analisados os motivos para não ter feito o exame e o tempo entre a realização e o recebimento do laudo. RESULTADOS Houve aumento na cobertura do exame preventivo no Brasil entre 2013 (78,7%) e 2019 (81,3%) e redução na proporção de mulheres que nunca fizeram o exame de 9,7% para 6,1%. A prevalência de realização do exame foi maior em mulheres brancas, melhor escolaridade e renda mais alta, residentes nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. Os motivos mais frequentes para não realizar o exame foram achar desnecessário (45% em 2013 e em 2019) e nunca ter sido orientada a fazê-lo (20,6% em 2013 e 14,8% em 2019). CONCLUSÕES Apesar das elevadas coberturas de rastreamento alcançadas pelo país, há grande desigualdade no acesso ao exame, e uma parcela não desprezível de mulheres está sob maior risco de morrer por uma doença que pode ser evitada. Esforços devem ser feitos para a estruturação de um programa de rastreamento organizado que identifique e capte as mulheres mais vulneráveis.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To compare the coverage of cervical cancer screening in Brazil in 2013 and 2019, investigating the factors associated with having the test performed and the reasons given for not doing it. Additionally, a comparison is made concerning the time taken to receive the test result in SUS (Sistema Único de Saúde) and in the private health services. METHODS Using data from the National Health Survey (Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde - PNS), prevalence rates and corresponding confidence intervals were calculated to determine the frequency of recent cervical cancer screenings among women aged between 25 and 64 years old in Brazil, for both 2013 and 2019. Poisson regression models were employed to compare the prevalence of the outcome according to sociodemographic characteristics. The reasons for not having the test and the time between performing and receiving the result were also analyzed. RESULTS The findings revealed an increase in the coverage of preventive cervical cancer exams in Brazil from 78.7% in 2013 to 81.3% in 2019. Additionally, there was a decline in the proportion of women who had never undergone the exam, from 9.7% to 6.1%. Prevalence of test uptake was higher among white women, those with higher levels of education and income, and those residing in the South and Southeast regions of the country. The most commonly cited reasons for not taking the test were the impression it was unnecessary (45% in both 2013 and 2019) and never having been asked to undergo the test (20.6% in 2013 and 14.8% in 2019). CONCLUSIONS Despite the high coverage of screening achieved in the country, there is great inequality in access to the test, and a non-negligible number of women are at greater risk of dying from a preventable disease. Efforts must be made to structure an organized screening program that identifies and captures the most vulnerable women.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar las características relacionadas con el diagnóstico de cáncer de las pacientes que consultan una IPS de la ciudad de Medellín. Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico. La población fueron todas las mujeres atendidas en la IPS Unidad Video Diagnóstica de la Mujer, institución que se dedica a realizar confirmación diagnóstica de mujeres con citologías alteradas. Se analizaron todos los registros de la base de datos de la institución correspondientes a las mujeres que consultaron durante el período 2012- 2017, un total de 55655 mujeres. Resultados: Se analizaron los registros de 55655 usuarias, la mediana de edad fue de 40 años (RIQ 19) y el 66.1% (36812) pertenecen al régimen subsidiado. La principal indicación para la realización de la colposcopia fueron las alteraciones citológicas con un 89.8% (49984) y más frecuente fue el LIEBG 35.3% (19649). El principal cáncer diagnosticado fue el escamocelular con 0.5% (284) y los factores asociados fueron residir en el Valle de Aburrá (OR 0.60 IC 0.42-0.84) y el resultado de citología LIEAG (OR 3.31 IC 2.22-4.94). Conclusiones: Se encontró una prevalencia de cáncer de cérvix de 7.8 por cada 1000 pacientes que consultan en la IPS.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the characteristics related to the diagnosis of cancer of the patients who consult an IPS in the city of Medellín. Methodology: Analytical observational study. The population consisted of all the women treated at the IPS Unidad Video Diagnóstica de la Mujer, an institution dedicated to performing diagnostic confirmation of women with altered cytologies. All the records of the institution's database corresponding to the women who consulted during the period 2012-2017 were analyzed, a total of 55,655 women. Results: The records of 55,655 users were analyzed, the median age was 40 years (RIQ 19) and 66.1% (36,812) belonged to the subsidized regime. The main indication for performing colposcopy was cytological alterations with 89.8% (49984) and the most frequent was LIEBG 35.3% (19649). The main cancer diagnosed was squamous cells with 0.5% (284) and the associated factors were residing in the Valle de Aburrá (OR 0.60 IC 0.42-0.84) and the LIEAG cytology result (OR 3.31 IC 2.22-4.94). Conclusions: A cervical cancer prevalence of 7.8 was found for every 1000 patients who consulted the IPS.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar a acurácia dos achados colposcópicos no diagnóstico das neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais (NIC) em mulheres com resultado de exame citopatológico de células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado não podendo excluir lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (ASC-H) e analisar a correlação entre a prevalência de HSIL ou câncer com fatores de risco sociodemográficos e achados colposcópicos específicos. Métodos Os achados colposcópicos, e os fatores de risco sociodemográficos foram analisados como possíveis preditores de diagnóstico NIC 2 ou mais grave em mulheres com resultado de exame citopatológico ASC-H. Resultados A acurácia da impressão colposcópica foi de 92%, sensibilidade foi 91,6%, e a especificidade foi de 93,1%, com um valor preditivo de 96,4% e valor preditivo negativo de 84,3%. O diagnóstico de NIC 2 ou mais grave foi mais frequente em pacientes com história pregressa de displasia cervical e nas que não estavam na pós menopausa. A identificação de achados colposcópicos maiores, epitélio acetobranco denso, mosaico e pontilhados grosseiros se correlacionaram positivamente com o diagnóstico NIC 2 ou mais grave. Conclusão A colposcopia realizada por um examinador experiente pode diferenciar com acurácia pacientes com NIC 1 ou menos grave de pacientes com NIC 2 ou mais grave. O diagnóstico de NIC 2 ou mais grave foi mais frequente em pacientes com história pregressa de displasia cervical e pacientes que estavam na pré menopausa. A densidade da acetorreação foi o melhor preditor colposcópico para NIC 2 ou mais grave.

Abstract Objective To determine the accuracy of colposcopy findings in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women with an atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) pap smear result and analyze whether the prevalence of HSIL and cancer correlates with sociodemographic risk factors and specific colposcopic findings. Methods Colposcopic findings and sociodemographic risk factors were analyzed as possible predictors of a CIN 2 or worse diagnosis in women with an ASC-H pap smear result. Results Accuracy of the colposcopic impression was 92%, sensitivity was 91.6%, and specificity was 93.1%, with a positive predictive value of 96.4% and negative predictive value of 84.3%. Diagnosis of CIN 2 or worse was more frequent in patients with a previous history of cervical dysplasia and pre-menopausal patients. Identification of major colposcopic findings, dense acetowhite epithelium, coarse mosaicism, and punctuation correlated significantly with CIN 2 or worse. Conclusion Colposcopy performed by an experienced examiner can accurately differentiate patients with CIN 1 or less from patients with CIN 2 or worse. Diagnosis of CIN 2 or worse was more frequent in patients with a previous history of cervical dysplasia and pre-menopausal patients. The degree of acetowhite changes was the best colposcopic feature to predict CIN2 or worse.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cervical cancer mortality peak, in Guainía, in 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ecological study. Data from all institutions with cervical cancer morbidity, mortality and attention information in Colombia, between January/2009 and December/2019, were analyzed. All available data for Guainía were included. The databases with no data between 2016 and 2018 were excluded. Morbidity, mortality, attention, and procedures were analyzed, comparing the behavior in 2018 to the other years. RESULTS: Cervical cancer-related patients, care and procedures decreased in 2016 and 2017. The lowest concentration of care per person in the period was in 2017. In 2019, the number of people diagnosed with papillomavirus infection increased. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in screenings, care and procedures related to cervical cancer, in a territory, can lead to increases in mortality from this type of cancer. It is essential to sustain prevention, diagnosis, and treatment actions over time to avoid this mortality.

Resumen OBJETIVO: Analizar el pico de mortalidad por cáncer de cuello uterino registrado en 2018 en Guainía, Colombia. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio ecológico basado en los datos de todas las instituciones con información de la morbilidad y mortalidad y atenciones relacionadas con el cáncer de cuello uterino en Colombia, entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2019. Se incluyeron todos los datos disponibles para Guainía. Se excluyeron las bases sin datos entre 2016 y 2018. Se analizaron la morbilidad y mortalidad, atenciones y procedimientos, y se compararon con el comportamiento en 2018 respecto de los demás años. RESULTADOS: Las personas atendidas, las atenciones y los procedimientos relacionados con cáncer de cuello uterino disminuyeron en 2016 y 2017. La concentración de atenciones por persona más baja del periodo se dio en 2017. En 2019, aumentó la cantidad de personas con diagnóstico de infección por papilomavirus. CONCLUSIONES: La reducción en el tamiz, las atenciones y los procedimientos relacionados con el cáncer de cuello uterino, en un territorio, puede ocasionar aumentos en la mortalidad por este tipo de cáncer. Es fundamental sostener en el tiempo las acciones de prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento, para evitar esta mortalidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de mulheres com câncer ginecológico em braquiterapia. Método: estudo transversal incluindo registros de 1.930 atendimentos de mulheres em braquiterapia assistidas entre 2006-2016 em Santa Catarina (Brasil). Coleta foi realizada em 2019, em banco institucional, submetida às medidas de frequência, Teste Qui-Quadrado, intervalos de 95% de confiança, nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: predominaram as mulheres entre 40-59 anos (47,2%),brancas (93,3%); com ensino fundamental (65%); câncer do colo do útero (78,5%); nos estádios II-III (73,3%). Na comparação das proporções dos estadiamentos na variável topografia, encontrou-se uma maior proporção da neoplasia maligna do colo do útero não especificada nos estadiamentos III-IV agrupados (84,6%). Conclusão: a análise do perfil mostra a necessidade do rastreamento e educação em saúde para prevenção e/ou detecção precoce dos cânceres ginecológicos e a formação de enfermeiros especialistas em radioterapia para atendimento da saúde da mulher.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic and clinical profile of women with gynecological cancer in brachytherapy. Method: a cross-sectional study including records of 1,930 visits of women in brachytherapy assisted between 2006-2016 in Santa Catarina (Brazil). Collection was performed in 2019, in an institutional bank, submitted to frequency measurements, chi-square test, 95% confidence intervals, significance level of 0.05. Results: women aged 40-59 years (47.2%), white (93.3%); with elementary school (65%); cervical cancer (78.5%); stages II-III (73.3%) figured prominently. In the comparison of staging proportions in the topography variable, a higher proportion of malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri unspecified in the grouped III-IV staging (84.6%). Conclusion: the profile analysis shows the need for screening and health education for prevention and/or early detection of gynecological cancers and training of nurses specialized in radiotherapy to care for women’s health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de mujeres con cáncer ginecológico en braquiterapia. Método: estudio transversal que incluyó registros de 1.930 visitas de mujeres en braquiterapia asistidas entre 2006-2016 en Santa Catarina (Brasil). La recolección se realizóen 2019, en un banco institucional, sometida a medidas de frecuencia, pruebachi-cuadrado, intervalos de confianza al 95%, nivel de significancia de 0,05. Resultados: predominaron las mujeres entre 40-59 años (47,2%), blancas (93,3%); con educación primaria (65%); cáncer de cuello uterino (78,5%); en estadios II-III (73,3%). Al comparar las proporciones de estadificación en la variable topografía, encontramos una mayor proporción de malignidad cervical no especificada la estadificación agrupada III-IV (84,6%). Conclusión: el análisis del perfil muestra la necesidad de cribado y educación sanitaria para la prevención y/o detección temprana de cánceres ginecológicos y la formación de enfermeras especializadas en radioterapia para el cuidado de la salud de la mujer.

ABSTRACT Background: Uterine leiomyomas are the most frequent pelvic tumor in women. They derive from smooth muscle cells of the myometrium and can be in any of the uterine parts. They are classified according to their relationship with the different layers of the uterus by the FIGO classification. Uterine leiomyomas can be asymptomatic or produce symptoms such as compression pain, reproductive problems and metrorrhagia. The treatment can be medical or surgical. Within this last group there is the possibility of performing a myomectomy or a total or subtotal hysterectomy. The subtotal hysterectomy allows the uterine cervix to be maintained and therefore the surgical technique is simpler. However, it requires the morcellation of the piece for its removal. Alternatively, total hysterectomy eliminates the risk of recurrence of uterocervical pathology, but this procedure presents a steeper learning curve. Clinical case: We present the case of a patient of 52 years who underwent a laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy for myomas. Subsequently, the appearance of a new myoma in the cervical remnant was observed, which required a vaginal trachelectomy. Conclusion: Laparoscopic subtotal hysterectomy in myomatous uterus can have as an adverse effect myomatous recurrence in the cervix or the appearance of parasitic myomas secondary to non-contained uterine morcellation. In addition, it involves continuing screening for the prevention of cervical cancer.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los leiomiomas uterinos son el tumor pélvico más frecuente en la mujer, derivan de las células musculares lisas del miometrio y pueden localizarse en cualquiera de las porciones uterinas. Se clasifican según su relación con las diferentes capas del útero mediante la clasificación de la FIGO. Pueden ser asintomáticos o producir síntomas como sangrado, problemas reproductivos o dolor por compresión de estructuras vecinas. El tratamiento puede ser médico o quirúrgico, teniendo dentro de este último grupo, la posibilidad de realizar una miomectomía o una histerectomía total o subtotal. La histerectomía subtotal permite mantener el cérvix uterino, de tal forma que la técnica quirúrgica es más sencilla, sin embargo, requiere de la morcelación de la pieza para su extracción; mientras que la histerectomía total elimina el riesgo de recidiva de la patología uterocervical, aunque precisa de una mayor curva de aprendizaje. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 52 años a la que se le realizó una histerectomía supracervical laparoscópica por miomas. Posteriormente, se objetivó la aparición de un nuevo mioma en el remanente cervical, que requirió de una traquelectomía vía vaginal. Conclusión: La histerectomía subtotal laparoscópica en úteros con múltiples miomas puede tener como efecto adverso la recidiva miomatosa en el cérvix o la aparición de miomas parasitarios secundarios a la morcelación uterina no estanca. Además, implica continuar con el cribado para la prevención del cáncer de cérvix uterino.

Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, el cáncer de cérvix sigue siendo una enfermedad importante por su incidencia y mortalidad. Aunque se conoce su etiología generada por la infección del virus del Papiloma Humano (PVH) y sus métodos de tamizaje como la citología convencional y el test de ADN-PVH, aún es necesario reconocer diversas características que se relacionan con la aparición de este tipo de cáncer. Objetivo: Describir las características citológicas previas al diagnóstico de cáncer cervical en mujeres de una institución de salud de la ciudad de Medellín. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo. Se tomaron los registros clínicos correspondientes a mujeres con diagnóstico confirmado de cáncer de cérvix entre 2012 y 2017 y se revisaron los resultados de citología previos al diagnóstico. Se realizó análisis univariado para describir las variables de estudio. Resultados: La muestra de mujeres con cáncer fue de 714, la mediana de edad fue 51 años (rango intercuartílico: 42-60), la alteración citológica más frecuente fue lesión intraepitelial de alto grado (33,8%), el principal cáncer diagnosticado fue carcinoma escamocelular (70,6%). Conclusiones: Los resultados de citología alteradas son un indicador para riesgo de cáncer de cérvix, de ahí la importancia de continuar con el protocolo de tamizaje establecido.

Abstract Introduction: Currently, cervical cancer continues to be an important disease because of its high incidence and mortality. Even though its etiology (Human Papilloma Virus infection) and screening methods (conventional cytology and HPV-DNA test) are well known, understanding the various characteristics associated with the appearance of cervical cancer is fundamental. Objective: To describe the cytological characteristics that precede the diagnosis of cervical cancer in women diagnosed in a health care institution from the city of Medellín. Materials and methods: A descriptive study. The clinical records corresponding to women with a confirmed diagnosis of cervical cancer between 2012 and 2017 were used. Also, the citology results obtained before the diagnosis were reviewed. An univariate analysis was carried out in oder to describe the study variables. Results: The sample size of women with cervical cancer was 714, the age median was 51 years old (interquartile range: 42-60), the most frequent cytological alteration was high-grade intraepithelial lesion (33.8%), and the main diagnosed cancer type was squamous cell carcinoma (70.6%). Conclusions: Results showing an altered cytology are indicators of cervical cancer risk. Therefore, it is important to continue with the stablished screening protocol.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO Embora a terapia estrogênica seja amplamente utilizada contra sintomas pós-menopausais, ela pode apresentar efeitos adversos, incluindo câncer de mama e endometrial. Assim, as isoflavonas da soja são consideradas uma alternativa possível à terapia estrogênica. No entanto, ainda há controvérsias se estes compostos exercem efeitos tróficos significativos no colo do útero. OBJETIVOS Avaliar as alterações histomorfométricas e imuno-histoquímicas no colo do útero de ratas ovariectomizadas tratadas com isoflavonas da soja (iso). MÉTODOS Quinze ratas Wistar adultas foram ovariectomizadas bilateralmente (Ovx) e separadas em três grupos: Grupo I (Ovx) - veículo (propilenoglicol); Grupo II (Ovx-Iso) - receberam extrato concentrado de Iso (150 mg/kg) e Grupo III (Ovx-E2) - tratado com 17β-estradiol (10 µg/kg); as soluções foram administradas via gavagem por 30 dias consecutivos. Posteriormente, os colos uterinos foram retirados, fixados em formaldeído a 10% tamponado e processados para inclusão em parafina. Cortes (4 µm) foram coradas com hematoxilina e eosina para estudo morfológico e morfométricos, enquanto outros foram submetidos à imuno-histoquímica para detecção de Ki-67 e do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular-A (Vegf-A). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística (p≤0,05). RESULTADOS Observamos a presença de colo uterino atrófico no GI (Ovx), sendo este mais volumoso no GII (Ovx+Iso) e ainda mais volumoso no GIII (Ovx+E2). A espessura da mucosa cervical foi significativamente maior no GIII (Ovx-E2), em comparação ao GI (Ovx) e ao GII (Ovx-Iso). A proliferação celular (Ki-67) foi significativamente mais elevada nos grupos tratados com estradiol e isoflavonas, enquanto a imunoexpressão de Vegf-A foi significativamente maior no GIII (Ovx-E2), em comparação ao GII (Ovx-Iso) e ao GI (Ovx-E2). CONCLUSÕES As isoflavonas da soja causam menos efeitos tróficos e proliferativos no colo do útero de ratas em comparação ao estrogênio.

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Although estrogen therapy is widely used against post-menopausal symptoms, it can present adverse effects, including endometrial cancer. Soy isoflavones are considered a possible alternative to estrogen therapy. However, there are still concerns whether isoflavones exert trophic effects on the uterine cervix. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the histomorphometric and immunohistochemical alterations in the uterine cervix of ovariectomized rats treated with soy isoflavones (Iso). METHODS Fifteen adult Wistar rats were ovariectomized (Ovx) and divided into three groups: Group I (Ovx), administered with vehicle solution; Group II (OVX-Iso), administered with concentrated extract of Iso (150 mg/kg) by gavage; and Group III (OVX-E2), treated with 17β-estradiol (10 µg/kg), subcutaneously. After 30 days of treatments, the uterine cervix was fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin-embedding. Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin for morphological and morphometric studies or subjected to immunohistochemistry for detections of Ki-67 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-A). The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS We noted an atrophic uterine cervix in GI, whereas it was more voluminous in GII and even more voluminous in GIII. The thickness of the cervical mucosa was significantly higher in GIII, as compared to GI and GII. The cell proliferation (Ki-67) was significantly elevated in the estradiol and isoflavones treated groups, whereas Vegf-A immunoexpression was significantly higher in GIII, as compared to groups GII and GI. CONCLUSIONS Soy isoflavones cause less trophic and proliferative effects in the uterine cervix of rats as compared to estrogen.

Abstract: Objective: To briefly describe the process of establishment and preliminary results of the Mérida Population-based Cancer Registry (Mérida-PBCR) Materials and methods: Mérida-PBCR started in 2016 as a research project in the IMSS, with a gradual increase in its information sources. It covers a population of 908 536 inhabitants. Data collection is active and passive, international standards are used; CanReg5 software enables data entry, storage and analysis. Results: Current data include 71.5% of sources. For the period 2015-2016, a total of 2 623 new cancer cases were registered, the majority of these (60.1%) among females. 81.5% of the cases had morphological verification. Prostate (17.4%), colorectal (8.5%) and stomach (8.1%) cancers were the most common among males, and breast (31.6%), cervix (12%) and corpus uteri (7.6%) cancers, the most common among females. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates (per 100 000) for all sites combined were 114.9 among males and 145.1 among females. Conclusion: The implementation of the Mérida-PBCR has followed particular parameters, with important efforts to include new information sources. Although the data are still preliminary and must be interpreted with great caution, the main cancers follow a similar pattern to that of the national and regional estimates.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir brevemente el proceso de implementación y resultados preliminares del Registro de Cáncer de Base Poblacional (RCBP) de Mérida. Material y métodos: RCBP-Mérida inició en 2016 como un proyecto de investigación del IMSS, con cobertura poblacional de 908 536 habitantes. El número de fuentes de información ha incrementado gradualmente. Se realizó colección de datos de forma pasiva y activa en software CanReg5 utilizando estándares internacionales. Resultados: Se han incluido al RCBP-Mérida 71.5% de las fuentes de información. Durante 2015-2016 se registraron 2 623 casos nuevos, la mayoría (60.1%) mujeres. El 81.5% de los casos tuvo verificación morfológica. En hombres, el cáncer de próstata (17.4%), colorrectal (8.5%) y estómago (8.1%) son los más comunes; en mujeres, mama (31.6%), cérvix (12.0%) y cuerpo-uterino (7.6%). Las tasas de incidencia ajustadas por edad (100 000 habitantes) para todos los sitios combinados son 114.9 hombres y 145.1 mujeres. Conclusión: La implementación del RCBP-Mérida ha seguido parámetros particulares, con importante esfuerzo para incluir fuentes de información. Aunque los datos son preliminares y se deben interpretar con precaución; los principales tipos de cáncer siguen un patrón similar a las estimaciones nacionales y regionales

Abstract: Objective: To briefly describe the process of establishment and preliminary results of the Mérida Population-based Cancer Registry (Mérida-PBCR) Materials and methods: Mérida-PBCR started in 2016 as a research project in the IMSS, with a gradual increase in its information sources. It covers a population of 908 536 inhabitants. Data collection is active and passive, international standards are used; CanReg5 software enables data entry, storage and analysis. Results: Current data include 71.5% of sources. For the period 2015-2016, a total of 2 623 new cancer cases were registered, the majority of these (60.1%) among females. 81.5% of the cases had morphological verification. Prostate (17.4%), colorectal (8.5%) and stomach (8.1%) cancers were the most common among males, and breast (31.6%), cervix (12%) and corpus uteri (7.6%) cancers, the most common among females. Age-adjusted cancer incidence rates (per 100 000) for all sites combined were 114.9 among males and 145.1 among females. Conclusion: The implementation of the Mérida-PBCR has followed particular parameters, with important efforts to include new information sources. Although the data are still preliminary and must be interpreted with great caution, the main cancers follow a similar pattern to that of the national and regional estimates.

Resumen: Objetivo: Describir brevemente el proceso de implementación y resultados preliminares del Registro de Cáncer de Base Poblacional (RCBP) de Mérida. Material y métodos: RCBP-Mérida inició en 2016 como un proyecto de investigación del IMSS, con cobertura poblacional de 908 536 habitantes. El número de fuentes de información ha incrementado gradualmente. Se realizó colección de datos de forma pasiva y activa en software CanReg5 utilizando estándares internacionales. Resultados: Se han incluido al RCBP-Mérida 71.5% de las fuentes de información. Durante 2015-2016 se registraron 2 623 casos nuevos, la mayoría (60.1%) mujeres. El 81.5% de los casos tuvo verificación morfológica. En hombres, el cáncer de próstata (17.4%), colorrectal (8.5%) y estómago (8.1%) son los más comunes; en mujeres, mama (31.6%), cérvix (12.0%) y cuerpo-uterino (7.6%). Las tasas de incidencia ajustadas por edad (100 000 habitantes) para todos los sitios combinados son 114.9 hombres y 145.1 mujeres. Conclusión: La implementación del RCBP-Mérida ha seguido parámetros particulares, con importante esfuerzo para incluir fuentes de información. Aunque los datos son preliminares y se deben interpretar con precaución; los principales tipos de cáncer siguen un patrón similar a las estimaciones nacionales y regionales

Resumen Introducción: En Colombia es necesario que se continúe produciendo información de calidad y actualizada sobre la magnitud del cáncer a partir de datos de los registros poblacionales de cáncer para contribuir a la toma de decisiones e implementación de estrategias de promoción de la salud, prevención y tratamiento del cáncer con el objetivo de disminuir el impacto en la población. Objetivo: Describir la incidencia, mortalidad y tendencia del cáncer en Pasto-Colombia durante 1998-2012. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de la morbi-mortalidad por tumores malignos en Pasto. La recolección, procesamiento y sistematización de los datos se realizó de acuerdo a parámetros estandarizados internacionalmente para registros poblacionales de cáncer. Las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad se calcularon por periodo, sexo, edad y localización del tumor. Resultados: En el período 1998-2012 se registraron 8,010 casos nuevos de cáncer, de ellos, 57.7% se presentaron en mujeres. Se reportaron 4,214 muertes, 52.0% en mujeres. La incidencia (p hombres= 0.7; p mujeres= 0.3) y mortalidad (p hombres= 1.0; p mujeres= 0.0) no presentó cambios significativos durante 15 años de observación y los tumores que causan mayor morbi-mortalidad afectan al estómago, cuello uterino, mama y próstata. Conclusiones: El cáncer en general continúa siendo un importante problema de salud para la población de Pasto. El comportamiento global de la incidencia y la mortalidad por cáncer, evidencian la necesidad de fomentar y fortalecer programas de promoción y prevención, enfocados especialmente hacia los tumores de estómago, próstata, mama y cuello uterino que producen mayor morbi-mortalidad en la población.

Abstract Introduction: In Colombia it is necessary to continue producing quality and continuously updated information on the magnitude of cancer, derived from population-based cancer registries to contribute to decision making, and implementation of strategies for health promotion, prevention and treatment of cancer in order to reduce the impact on the population. Objective: To describe the incidence, mortality and cancer trends in Pasto-Colombia from 1998 to 2012. Methods: Observational descriptive study of morbi - mortality due to malignant tumours in Pasto. The collection, processing and systematization of the data, was carried out according to international standards for population-based cancer registries. The incidence and mortality rates were calculated by period, sex, age and tumour site. Results: During the period 1998-2012 there were 8,010 new cases of cancer, of them, 57.7% occurred in females. There were 4,214 deaths reported, 52.0% in females. The incidence (p men= 0.7, p females= 0.3) and mortality (p males= 1.0, p females= 0.0) did not present significant changes over 15 years of observation and the tumours that cause greater morbi-mortality affect the stomach, cervix uteri, breast and prostate. Conclusions: Cancer in general, continues to be a serious health problem for the population of Pasto. The global behaviour of cancer incidence and mortality, identify the need to promote and strengthen promotion and prevention programs, especially focused on tumours of the stomach, prostate, breast and cervix uteri that produce greater morbidity and mortality in the population.