Resumen: Introducción: Las hospitalizaciones por Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions es un indicador que mide la utilización de los servicios hospitalarios por problemas de salud que podrían haber sido prevenidos en el primer nivel de atención. El concepto se refiere a los procesos en que la atención ambulatoria efectiva puede ayudar a disminuir los riesgos de hospitalización, en un segundo nivel de atención. El objetivo del estudio fue construir y validar una lista uruguaya de problemas de salud sensibles a cuidados ambulatorios (PSSCA) según CIE-10. Metodología: Para la construcción de la lista inicial de códigos de PSSCA se realizó una revisión de los listados existentes y se propuso un listado inicial que fue validado a través del Método Delphi. Se propone un listado de 99 códigos diagnósticos de PSSCA adaptado a nuestro entono sanitario. Los mismos permiten identificar y cuantificar problemas de salud que pueden producir hospitalizaciones potenciamente evitables mediante cuidados ambulatorios accesibes y oportunos en el primer nivel de atención. Resultados: Se conformó un panel de 12 expertos. A partir de los datos obtenidos, considerando los 99 diagnósticos clasificados por CIE-10, éstos se pueden subclasificar en función de si la patología es infecciosa o no, obteniendo un resultado general de 62 patologías en un total de 99 que pueden ser clasificadas como infecciosas, lo que se corresponde a un 62 %. Discusión: De la comparación de la lista uruguaya de PSSCA a la que hemos arribado y las listas validadas utilizadas para la construcción inicial del listado de patologías propuesto, podemos decir que la primera presenta un mayor porcentaje de coincidencia con la lista de patologías de Bello Horizonte. Podemos mencionar que la mayoría de los problemas de salud identificados con base en el listado de PSSCA, son sensibles de ser resueltos con la atención primaria oportuna y de calidad que podría evitar o disminuir de una manera significativa su hospitalización. Conclusiones: Este trabajo describe el proceso de construcción y validación de una lista de códigos de PSSCA adaptados al contexto uruguayo a través del método Delphi. Hemos arribado a un listado que comprende un total de 99 diagnósticos, agrupadas en un total de diecinueve categorías que considera la especificidad del contexto uruguayo del indicador.

Abstract: Introduction: Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions is an indicator that measures the use of hospital services for health problems that could have been prevented at the first level of care. The concept refers to the processes in which effective outpatient care can help reduce the risks of hospitalization, at a second level of care. The objective of the study was to build and validate a Uruguayan list of health problems sensitive to outpatient care (PSS-CA) according to ICD-10. Methodology: To construct the initial list of PSSCA codes, a review of the existing lists was carried out and an initial list was proposed that was validated through the Delphi Method. A list of 99 PSSCA diagnostic codes adapted to our healthcare environment is proposed. They make it possible to identify and quantify health problems that can lead to potentially avoidable hospitalizations through accessible and timely outpatient care at the first level of care. Results: A panel of 12 experts was formed. From the data obtained, considering the 99 diagnoses classified by ICD-10, these can be subclassified depending on whether the pathology is infectious or not, obtaining a general result of 62 pathologies in a total of 99 that can be classified as infectious, which corresponds to 62%. Discussion: From the comparison of the Uruguayan list of PSSCA that we have arrived at and the validated lists used for the initial construction of the proposed list of pathologies, we can say that the first presents a higher percentage of coincidence with the list of pathologies of Bello Horizonte . We can mention that most of the health problems identified based on the PSSCA list are sensitive to being resolved with timely and quality primary care that could prevent or significantly reduce hospitalization. Conclusions: This work describes the process of construction and validation of a list of PSSCA codes adapted to the Uruguayan context through the Delphi method. We have arrived at a list that includes a total of 99 diagnoses, grouped into a total of nineteen categories that consider the specificity of the Uruguayan context of the indicator.

Resumo: Introdução: As Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Ambulatorial são um indicador que mede a utilização de serviços hospitalares para problemas de saúde que poderiam ter sido evitados no primeiro nível de atenção. O conceito refere-se aos processos em que um atendimento ambulatorial eficaz pode auxiliar na redução dos riscos de internação, em um segundo nível de atenção. O objetivo do estudo foi construir e validar uma lista uruguaia de problemas de saúde sensíveis à atenção ambulatorial (PSS-CA) segundo a CID-10. Metodologia: Para construir a lista inicial de códigos PSSCA foi realizada uma revisão das listas existentes e foi proposta uma lista inicial que foi validada através do Método Delphi. É proposta uma lista de 99 códigos de diagnóstico PSSCA adaptados ao nosso ambiente de saúde. Permitem identificar e quantificar problemas de saúde que podem levar a hospitalizações potencialmente evitáveis através de cuidados ambulatórios acessíveis e oportunos no primeiro nível de cuidados. Resultados: Foi formado um painel de 12 especialistas. A partir dos dados obtidos, considerando os 99 diagnósticos classificados pela CID-10, estes podem ser subclassificados consoante a patologia seja infecciosa ou não, obtendo-se um resultado geral de 62 patologias num total de 99 que podem ser classificadas como infecciosas, o que corresponde para 62%. Discussão: A partir da comparação da lista uruguaia de PSSCA a que chegamos e das listas validadas utilizadas para a construção inicial da lista de patologias proposta, podemos dizer que a primeira apresenta um maior percentual de coincidência com a lista de patologias de Belo Horizonte. Podemos mencionar que a maioria dos problemas de saúde identificados com base na lista PSSCA são sensíveis para serem resolvidos com cuidados primários oportunos e de qualidade que possam prevenir ou reduzir significativamente a hospitalização. Conclusões: Este trabalho descreve o processo de construção e validação de uma lista de códigos PSSCA adaptados ao contexto uruguaio através do método Delphi. Chegamos a uma lista que inclui um total de 99 diagnósticos, agrupados em um total de dezenove categorias que consideram a especificidade do contexto uruguaio do indicador.

ABSTRACT To contribute to knowledge development on global South sustainable entrepreneurship, this work describes how these entrepreneurs seek to sensitize and educate the local community about sustainable living through their business model. Three sustainable companies from the gastronomic sector in northwestern Mexico were studied, focusing attention on the experiences of entrepreneurs and their interactions in the social space. ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis tool was used to encode the text of the in-depth interviews. The results indicate that there are various ways that these entrepreneurs use to sensitize and educate the local community; for example, they raise awareness among their workers and clients about recycling, environmental care, adaptation to local conditions, the importance of changing habits of consumption, and especially of the diverse ways in which the ecosystem can be respected. For these entrepreneurs, sustainable development is a way of life that they share with their community through diverse actions of social interaction.

RESUMEN El artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo de conocimiento sobre emprendimiento sustentable de la región del sur global, describiendo las diversas formas en las que los emprendedores interactúan en el espacio social. Se estudiaron tres empresas sustentables del sector gastronómico del noroeste de México, centrando la atención en las diversas acciones de interacción social en la que estos emprendedores sensibilizan y educan a la comunidad local sobre vida sustentable a través de su modelo de negocio. Se utilizó la herramienta para análisis cualitativo ATLAS.ti para codificar el texto de las entrevistas. Los resultados indican que estos emprendedores concientizan a sus colaboradores y clientes sobre reciclaje, cuidado del medio ambiente, adaptación a las condiciones locales y modificar hábitos de consumo. Para estos emprendedores el desarrollo sustentable es un estilo de vida que comparten con su comunidad mediante diversas acciones de interacción social.

Abstract The way in which a society manages and provides the necessary care for its survival and reproduction is not gender neutral. This organization works, for the most part, due to the large amount of unpaid work carried out by women in the family sphere, thus affecting their equality, freedom, and dignity. This document identifies, first, the components that make up the current social organization of care in Latin America based on three dimensions of analysis: (a) sociocultural; (b) political and (c) economic. And, secondly, it proposes a selection of mechanisms that could contribute to transforming the components of that organization. The theoretical proposal of “implosion of care regimes” by Juliana Martínez Franzoni (2021) is taken as a starting point to propose a series of strategies that would contribute to dismantling the current social organization of care in the region. The work finds that, in an articulated way, these three analytical categories show the way in which women are held responsible as primary caregivers; certain public policies contribute to crystallizing gender roles that specialize women in care work and relegate them to the domestic world; and finally, it shows that the logic of the labor market responds, mainly, to a male provider model without family responsibilities, which contributes to maintaining and reproducing inequality against women.

Resumen La forma en la cual una sociedad gestiona y provee los cuidados necesarios para su supervivencia y reproducción no es neutral al género. Dicha organización funciona, en gran parte, debido a la enorme cantidad de trabajo no remunerado que realizan las mujeres en el ámbito familiar, afectando así su igualdad, libertad y dignidad. Este documento identifica, en primer lugar, los componentes que conforman la organización social de los cuidados en América Latina a partir de tres dimensiones de análisis: (a) sociocultural; (b) política y (c) económica. Y, en segundo lugar, propone una selección de mecanismos que podrían contribuir a transformar los componentes que conforman esa organización. Se toma como punto de partida la propuesta teórica de “implosión de los regímenes de cuidados” de Juliana Martínez Franzoni (2021) para proponer una serie de estrategias que contribuirían a desmontar la actual organización social de los cuidados en la región. El trabajo encuentra que, en forma articulada, estas tres categorías analíticas evidencian la forma bajo la cual se responsabiliza a las mujeres como cuidadoras primarias; ciertas políticas públicas contribuyen a cristalizar roles de género que especializan a las mujeres en el trabajo de cuidados y las relega al mundo doméstico; y finalmente, pone en evidencia que la lógica del mercado laboral responde, principalmente, a un modelo de hombre proveedor sin responsabilidades familiares, lo que contribuye a mantener y reproducir la desigualdad en contra de las mujeres.

Abstract: From Latin American feminisms, this article argues that in a context of financialization of life, the precarious relation between capital, work and life is exacerbated by various devices, such as the debt contracted in response to the imprisonment of a family member. By observing the relevant “corporal itineraries”, this text analyzes the subjection derived from the familiarization of the debt and the intensification of productiveness. It proposes that the imprisonment of a family member leads to a form of indebtedness that redefines the production and extraction of value from the lives of those who are outside, and upholds a morality based on an economics of care.

Resumen: Desde los feminismos latinoamericanos, este artículo sostiene que en un contexto de financiarización de la vida, la precaria relación entre capital, trabajo y vida se ve exacerbada por diversos dispositivos, como la deuda contraída como respuesta al encarcelamiento de un familiar. A partir de la observación de los “itinerarios corporales” pertinentes, este texto analiza el sometimiento derivado de la familiarización con la deuda y la intensificación de la productividad. Propone que el encarcelamiento de un miembro de la familia conduce a una forma de endeudamiento que redefine la producción y extracción de valor de las vidas de quienes están fuera, y defiende una moral basada en una economía del cuidado.

Resumen Los discursos sobre lo emocional y afectivo cobran protagonismo en una agenda educativa que busca dar respuestas a los desafíos contemporáneos. ¿Pero qué hacemos con las emociones en el aula? El mandato de hablar sobre ellas, trabajarlas, valorarlas, es moneda corriente en la educación. En este campo confluyen discursos disciplinares dispares, que explican y esgrimen máximas particulares sobre qué lugar deben tener las emociones en el espacio educativo. A partir de la recurrencia de ciertos significantes, se reconstruyen tres narrativas: la de la educación emocional, la psicología positiva y las neurociencias afectivas; la de valorar la afectividad y el cuidado en un marco de derechos; la de la humanización, el amor y la ternura. Las tres son analizadas, explorando las recomendaciones y mandatos que hacen a la labor docente, así como sus riesgos e implicancias para la formación de sus estudiantes.

Abstract Emotional and affective discourses are gaining prominence in an educational agenda that seeks to address contemporary challenges. But what do we do with emotions in the classroom? The injunction to talk about them, to work on them, to value them is commonplace in education. Within this field, diverse disciplinary discourses converge, explaining and stating particular maxims about what place emotions should have in the educational space. Based on the recurrence of certain signifiers, three narratives are reconstructed: that of emotional education, positive psychology, and affective neurosciences; that of valuing affectivity and care in a framework of rights; that of humanization, love, and tenderness. All three are analyzed, exploring the recommendations and mandates they make to teachers as well as their risks and implications for students’ education.

Abstract During the neoliberal regime, food policy in Mexico focused on the paradigm of ensuring physical and economic access to safe and cheap food; However, the measures to meet this objective caused, among other things, a trade deficit in basic foods such as corn, orientation of production towards export crops, environmental and people’s health deterioration. In response to this problem, in the mid-1990s, the concept of food sovereignty gained strength. This paradigm contributed to making visible the problems faced by small family productive units and the importance of including in public policy actions that respect the diversity of cultivated seeds, traditional agricultural practices, the care of resources and the reproduction of culturally accepted foods. In this context, the objective of this work is to characterize corn production in three lake regions of Michoacán (Mexico) from the perspective of food sovereignty and, based on this, raise considerations for its strengthening. A comparative analysis was carried out on the approaches of the food sovereignty paradigm based on own information obtained through a survey applied to corn producers from three lake regions of the state of Michoacán. The results show the coexistence of diverse production systems ranging from traditional to intensive production in each region, with manifest experiences of food sovereignty in the Pátzcuaro region and silent in the Cuitzeo region.

Resumen Durante el régimen neoliberal, la política alimentaria en México se centró en el paradigma de asegurar el acceso físico y económico a alimentos inocuos y baratos; sin embargo, las medidas para atender este objetivo provocaron, entre otras consecuencias, un creciente déficit en la balanza comercial de alimentos básicos como el maíz, la orientación de la producción hacia cultivos de exportación, y el paulatino deterioro de la calidad ambiental y de la salud de las personas. Frente a esta compleja problemática, a mediados de la década de los años noventa, surge con fuerza el paradigma de soberanía alimentaria, cuyo concepto contribuyó a visibilizar los problemas que enfrentan las pequeñas unidades productivas familiares y la importancia de incluir en la política pública acciones que respeten la diversidad de las semillas cultivadas, las prácticas agrícolas tradicionales, el cuidado de los recursos y la reproducción de alimentos culturalmente aceptados. En este contexto, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la producción de maíz de tres regiones lacustres de Michoacán desde la perspectiva de la soberanía alimentaria y, a partir de ello, delinear algunas consideraciones de política pública para su fortalecimiento. Para ello, se realizó un análisis comparado sobre los planteamientos del paradigma de soberanía alimentaria a partir de información propia obtenida mediante una encuesta aplicada a productores de maíz de tres regiones lacustres del estado de Michoacán. Los resultados muestran la coexistencia de diversos sistemas productivos que van desde los tradicionales hasta la producción intensiva en cada región, observando experiencias de soberanía alimentaria manifiestas en la región Pátzcuaro y silenciosas en la región Cuitzeo.

Resumo Durante a transição para a menopausa, é frequente as mulheres experienciarem um aumento de peso, que pode ser influenciado por fatores pessoais (e.g., decréscimo dos níveis de estrogénio), ambientais (e.g., socioculturais) e/ou comportamentais (e.g., comportamentos não saudáveis). Esse aumento de peso pode conduzir ao desenvolvimento da obesidade e, consequentemente, problemas de saúde associados. Estudos qualitativos providenciam informações cruciais sobre a experiência de aumento de peso. Este estudo tem como objetivo explorar os fatores subjacentes ao aumento de peso durante a transição para a menopausa. Foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas a 31 mulheres portuguesas na pós-menopausa, que na pré-menopausa tinham peso normal e na pós-menopausa tinham excesso de peso/obesidade. As entrevistas foram analisadas com o software MAXQDA, através de uma análise de conteúdo dirigida, seguida de análise de correspondência múltipla, através do software IBM SPSS Statistics. Emergiu um modelo final de quatro fatores: (1) Ingestão emocional/Cravings, Inatividade física e Efeitos da pandemia (σ2=14,21; α=0,70); (2) Saúde, Ausência de autocuidado e Eventos de vida stressantes (σ2=12,29; α=0,64), (3) Fatores biológicos/fisiológicos, Binge eating e Influências interpessoais (σ2=10,82; α=0,59), e (4) Mudança de hábitos e rotinas e Ambiente profissional (σ2=9,65; α=0,53). O modelo de quatro fatores vai de encontro ao modelo triádico de determinismo recíproco, revelando uma interação entre fatores comportamentais, pessoais e ambientais que explicam o aumento de peso durante a transição para a menopausa. É essencial promover estilos de vida saudáveis nesta população específica. Futuras intervenções para mulheres de meia-idade devem incluir estratégias cognitivo-comportamentais.

Abstract Women often experience weight gain during the menopausal transition, which can be influenced by personal (e.g., estrogen decrease), environmental (e.g., socio-cultural), and/or behavioural factors (e.g., unhealthy behaviours). This weight gain can lead to obesity and is associated with health problems. Qualitative studies provide valuable insights into the weight gain experience. This study aims to explore the underlying factors contributing to weight gain during the menopausal transition. Semi-structured interviews of 31 Portuguese post-menopausal women who transitioned from normal weight in pre-menopause to overweight/obesity in (current) post-menopause. The interviews were analysed using MAXQDA software through Directed Content Analysis, followed by multiple correspondence analysis, through IBM SPSS Statistics software. A four-factor model emerged: (1) Emotional eating/Cravings, Physical inactivity, and Pandemic effects (σ2=14.21; α=0.70); (2) Health, Lack of self-care, and Stressful life events (σ2=12.29; α= 0.64), (3) Biological/Physiological factors, Binge eating, and Interpersonal influences (σ2=10.82; α=0.59), and (4) Changing habits and routines, and Work Environment (σ2=9.65; α=0.53). The four-factor model aligns with the Triadic Reciprocal Determinism Model, revealing an interaction among behavioural, personal, and environmental factors explaining weight gain during the menopausal transition. Promoting healthy lifestyles within this population is essential. Future interventions for middle-aged women should include cognitive-behavioural strategies.

RESUMEN Introducción: en Paraguay en 1996 se crea la Escuela de Instrumentación y Área Quirúrgica, vinculada a una universidad pública, a partir del 2008 se crean otras ofertas en el sector privado. El instrumentador quirúrgico puede desempeñarse como instrumentador, circulante, coordinador general de quirófanos y coordinador de la central de esterilización. Objetivo: conocer la situación del ejercicio profesional del licenciado instrumentador quirúrgico en Paraguay. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo y trasversal. La muestra es de 167 licenciados, egresados de instituciones pública y privadas. Muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, el instrumento de recolección de datos es un cuestionario electrónico. Resultados: el 74 % son mujeres, el 50 % presenta un rango de edad de 21 a 30 años, 79,6 % egresados de una institución pública, 40 % dice tener dificultad moderada para el primer empleo. El acceso al empleo, 71 % fue por contactos personales, el 72 % se dedica a instrumentar, el 60 % tiene una antigüedad laboral de 1 a 5 años. Entre los posgrados, el 30 % posee didáctica universitaria. Discusión: instrumentador quirúrgico, reúne las exigencias para ocupar otras funciones además de instrumentar y circular en el quirófano. Igualmente, en otros estudios se evidencia menor participación en el área administrativa, docencia, mercadeo y ventas. Han trascurrido 20 años del egreso de las primeras promociones, siendo una profesión novel, poco visualizado. Es de subrayar que el estado puede ahorrar recursos económicos al contratar a instrumentadores, puesto que son expertos en los cuidados asépticos y competentes en optimizar los tiempos quirúrgicos al que se expone el paciente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Paraguay the school of Instrumentation and Surgical Area was created in 1996 linked to the National University, and in 2008 onwards other offers were created in the private sector. The Surgical Instrument Technician can work as instrumentalist, circulating nurse, general coordinator of operating rooms, and coordinator of the central sterilization unit. Objective: to know the work environment of the professional and licensed Surgical Instrument Technician in Paraguay. Methodology: descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study. The sample is 167 graduates, graduates of public and private institutions. Non-probability sampling for convenience, the data collection instrument is an electronic questionnaire. Results: 74% are women, 50% have an age range between 21 and 30 years old, 79.6% graduated from a public institution, 40% say they have moderate difficulty finding their first job in the field. Access to employment, 71% was through personal contacts, 72% is dedicated to work as Instrument Technicians, 60% have a job seniority of 1 to 5 years. Among the postgraduates, 30% are university didactics certified. Discussion: Surgical Instrument Technicians meet the requirements to perform other functions in addition to instrumentation and circulating nurses in the operating room. Similarly, other studies show less participation in the administrative area, teaching, marketing and sales. 20 years have elapsed since the first Technicians graduated, being a new profession, not given the importance it deserves. It is noteworthy that the state can save economic resources by hiring Surgical Instrument Technicians, since they are experts in aseptic care and competent in minimizing the amount of time the patient spends in surgery.

INTRODUCTION: The Work Ability Screening Profile (WASP) was conceptualised and developed by occupational therapists at the University of Durban Westville to provide a basic vocational screening assessment. Its purpose was to screen competence in generic work skills which reflected performance in activities essential to workplace participation relevant to the South African context. The assessment was revised in 2005 and renamed the WASP II. It was decided this screening assessment tool would be continuously reviewed using action research with clinicians involved in the ongoing evaluation so ensure validity and reliability for the population with which it is used. This study considered the clinical evaluation, useability and utility of the WASP II in order to inform further revision. METHOD: A cross sectional survey was used to gather data from 70 occupational therapy clinicians familiar with or using the WASP II in clinical practice. RESULTS: A sample of 70 respondents indicated the WASP II was suitable to assess current work ability and production speed with a variety of clients with physical and mental health dysfunction. Ten of the 12 subtests were used by at least 40% of the time by the 28 respondents who used the WASP II frequently. These respondents reported good to adequate useability in terms of cost, sensitivity to clients' educational level and ease of understanding instructions, incorporation into clinical practice contexts while supporting clinical reasoning and judgement. The accommodation of clients' language and provision of standard scores were indicated as inadequate. Utility was considered adequate for all aspects including discrimination of moderate to severe dysfunction, informing the choice of other assessmentsas well as supporting vocational rehabilitation intervention. The WASP II outcomes were also understood by other service providers, employers, referring parties as well asclients. CONCLUSION: While the WASP II was considered appropriate for use in the South African context and has adequate useability and utility, some subtests need to be updated and revised in terms of the standard times and content validity for current practice in the work environment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The WASP II has useability • aligned with generic work skills of acquiring information or following directions numeracy, conveying information and written communication • for with those with work experience and with scholars and students yet to enter the workplace The WASP II has utility in relation to • cost and clients' educational levels • detailed instructions on the task layout but some standardisation needs to be interpreted with care • sensitivity to all aspects of assessment of generic work skills, except discrimination of mild dysfunction

ABSTRACT One of the sports that represents the most versatility is weightlifting, since its practice is not only reduced to competitive sports, but is a physical activity that develops strength capacity in the rest of the sports. This constitutes a reality that is reflected in sports performance, however, the women who practice it do not have treatment adjusted to their gender, so the objective of this work was to determine what level of knowledge lifting coaches have of weights in Santiago de Cuba, to distribute the loads in the women's team of this sport. To achieve this purpose, empirical level methods were implemented such as scientific observation applied to training sessions and surveys of coaches who care for these athletes. As a result of the diagnosis, it was declared that there is a significant lack of knowledge about how to distribute the loads in these weightlifters and there is a lack of a methodology to increase this knowledge and improve the competitive results of the female gender, in this category.

RESUMEN Uno de los deportes que más versatilidad representa es el levantamiento de pesas, pues su práctica no solo se reduce al deporte competitivo, sino es una actividad física que desarrolla la capacidad de fuerza, en el resto de los deportes. Esto constituye una realidad que se concreta en el rendimiento deportivo, sin embargo, las féminas que lo practican no cuentan con un tratamiento ajustado a su género, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo consistió en determinar qué nivel de conocimientos poseen los entrenadores de levantamiento de pesas en Santiago de Cuba, para distribuir las cargas en el equipo femenino de este deporte. Para lograr este propósito, se implementaron métodos del nivel empírico como la observación científica aplicada a las +sesiones de entrenamiento y la encuesta a los entrenadores que atienden a estas atletas. Como resultado del diagnóstico, se declaró que existe un significativo desconocimiento sobre cómo distribuir las cargas en estas pesistas y se carece de una metodología para incrementar este conocimiento y mejorar los resultados competitivos del género femenino, en esta categoría.

RESUMO Um dos esportes mais versáteis é o levantamento de peso, pois sua prática não se limita apenas ao esporte competitivo, mas é uma atividade física que desenvolve a capacidade de força em outros esportes. Essa é uma realidade que se reflete no desempenho esportivo, no entanto, as mulheres que o praticam não têm um tratamento ajustado ao seu gênero, por isso o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar qual o nível de conhecimento que os treinadores de halterofilismo em Santiago de Cuba têm para distribuir as cargas na equipe feminina desse esporte. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram utilizados métodos empíricos, como a observação científica aplicada às sessões de treinamento e uma pesquisa com os técnicos que treinam essas atletas. Como resultado do diagnóstico, constatou-se que há uma significativa falta de conhecimento sobre como distribuir as cargas nessas levantadoras de peso e que falta uma metodologia para aumentar esse conhecimento e melhorar os resultados competitivos do gênero feminino nessa categoria.

Resumo Introdução: A reorganização dos cuidados de saúde imposta pela pandemia COVID-19 relevou a capacidade de trabalho de todos os profissionais de saúde, espelhando o papel basilar da Medicina Interna. Este trabalho pretende evidenciar a complexidade da gestão do doente COVID-19, pautada muitas vezes pela ausência de suporte teórico/científico face ao desconhecido. Métodos: Avaliação retrospetiva e descritiva de todos os doentes com infeção SARS-CoV-2 internados numa enfermaria do serviço de Medicina Interna, da Unidade Local de Saúde de Viseu Dão-Lafões (ULS Viseu Dão-Lafões), no período compreendido entre janeiro-abril e julho-novembro de 2021 (picos pandémicos de 2021). Resultados: Durante os 9 meses em estudo, foram avaliados 394 doentes, com predomínio do género masculino 56,60% (n = 223) e uma idade média de 70,42 anos. O tempo médio de internamento foi de 13,95 dias. A maioria apresentava pelo menos um fator de risco cardiovascular e apenas 29,44% (n = 116) eram vacinados contra a COVID-19. Quanto à terapêutica, 84,26% (n = 332) realizaram dexametasona e 85,79% (n = 338) necessitaram de oxigenoterapia suplementar; cerca de 22,08% (n = 87) necessitaram de ventilação mecânica não invasiva e 7,61% (n = 30) de ventilação mecânica invasiva. Registaram-se 23,86% (n = 94) óbitos. A infeção SARS-CoV-2 foi o diagnóstico principal na maioria dos doentes, mas muitos foram os diagnósticos secundários. Conclusão: A gravidade e complexidade de uma entidade nosológica totalmente desconhecida num contexto pandémico é de uma enorme exigência profissional e pessoal, como representado através da caracterização desta amostra. Salienta-se o espetro de doentes graves e com necessidade de suporte ventilatório mecânico, numa curva de admissões que se revelou exponencial.

Abstract Introduction: The reorganization of health care imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the work capacity of all health professionals, mirroring the fundamental role of In-ternal Medicine. This work intended to highlight the complexity of managing the COVID-19 patient, often guided by the absence of theoretical/scientific support in the face of the unknown. Methods: A retrospective and descriptive evaluation of all patients with SARS-COV2 infection admitted to a ward of the Internal Medicine service, Unidade Local de Saúde de Viseu Dão-Lafões (ULS Viseu Dão-Lafões), in the period between January-April and July-November 2021 (pandemic peaks of 2021). Results: During the nine months under study, 394 patients were evaluated, with a predominance of males 56.60% (n = 223) and an average age of 70.42 years. The average length of stay was 13.95 days. Most had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, and only 29.44% (n = 116) were vaccinated against COVID-19. Of the therapy, 84.26% (n=332) received dexamethasone, 85.79% (n =3 38) needed supplemental oxygen therapy; approximately 22.08% (n = 87) required non-invasive mechanical ventilation, and 7.61% (n = 30) underwent invasive mechanical ventilation/high-flow oxygen therapy. There were 23.86% (N = 94) dea-ths. COVID-19 infection was the primary diagnosis in most patients, but many were secondary diagnoses. Conclusion: The severity and complexity of an unknown nosological disease, in the pandemic phase, is of enormous professional and personal demand, as represented by the characterization of this sample. The spectrum of critically ill patients in need of mechanical ventilatory support stands out, in an admissions curve that turned out to be exponential.

ABSTRACT Carrying out a process of quality educational inclusion in today's societies constitutes a challenge that starts from fighting discriminatory ways of exclusion in different contexts and for dissimilar causes, in which risk factors concur in parallel, the lack of preparation of those involved in the search for solutions and the assimilation of the students before the aid. In this sense the article presents a study about the preparation of provincial education methodologists for the care of students in vulnerable situations from an inclusive approach. Theoretical methods such as historical-logical analysis, induction-deduction and analysis-synthesis were used in its elaboration; empirical methods such as documentary analysis, interview and observation of methodological activities; and statistical techniques such as percentage analysis. Among the main limitations found were the insufficiencies in the projection of inclusive socio-educational practices from the methodological work system of the Provincial Directorate of Education; currently, there is no harmoniously designed system that allows converting educational systems in response to the diversity of learners and making the right to education with equal opportunities truly practical, especially those who are sometimes excluded due to being in a situation of vulnerability. It was possible to conclude that methodologists play a fundamental role in directing the process of prevention, detection, stimulation, diagnosis/evaluation and early intervention of students with barriers to learning and social participation.

RESUMEN Llevar a cabo un proceso de inclusión educativa de calidad en las sociedades actuales constituye un reto que parte de pugnar maneras discriminatorias de exclusión en diferentes contextos y por disímiles causas, en las que concurren paralelamente los factores de riesgos, la falta de preparación de los implicados en la búsqueda de soluciones y la asimilación de los educandos ante la ayuda. En tal sentido, el artículo presenta un estudio acerca de la preparación de los metodólogos provinciales de educación para la atención a educandos en situación de vulnerabilidad desde un enfoque inclusivo. Se emplearon en su elaboración métodos teóricos como el análisis histórico-lógico, la inducción-deducción y el análisis-síntesis; métodos empíricos como el análisis documental, la entrevista y la observación a actividades metodológicas; y técnicas estadísticas como el análisis porcentual. Entre las principales limitaciones encontradas estuvieron las insuficiencias en la proyección de prácticas socioeducativas inclusivas desde el sistema de trabajo metodológico de la Dirección Provincial de Educación. Actualmente, no existe un sistema armónicamente diseñado que permita convertir los sistemas educativos en respuesta a la diversidad de educandos y hacer verdaderamente práctico el derecho a la educación con igualdad de oportunidades, en especial para aquellos que por estar en situación de vulnerabilidad en ocasiones son excluidos. Se pudo concluir que los metodólogos juegan un papel fundamental en la dirección del proceso de prevención, detección, estimulación, diagnóstico/evaluación e intervención temprana de educandos con barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación social.

RESUMO Levar a cabo um processo de inclusão educativa de qualidade nas sociedades atuais constitui um desafio que parte do combate às formas discriminatórias de exclusão em contextos diversos e por causas díspares, em que concorrem em paralelo fatores de risco, a falta de preparação dos envolvidos na procura de soluções e a assimilação dos alunos perante a ajuda. Nesse sentido, o artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a preparação de metodólogos provinciais de educação para a atenção de alunos em situação de vulnerabilidade a partir de um enfoque inclusivo. Métodos teóricos como análise histórico-lógica, indução-dedução e análise-síntese foram utilizados em sua elaboração; métodos empíricos como análise documental, entrevistas e observação de atividades metodológicas; e técnicas estatísticas, como análise de porcentagem. Entre as principais limitações encontradas encontram-se as insuficiências na projeção de práticas socioeducativas inclusivas a partir do sistema metodológico de trabalho da Direcção Provincial de Educação; atualmente, não existe um sistema pensado harmoniosamente que permita converter os sistemas educativos em resposta à diversidade dos educandos e tornar verdadeiramente prático o direito à educação com igualdade de oportunidades, especialmente aqueles que por vezes são excluídos por se encontrarem em situação de vulnerabilidade. Foi possível concluir que os metodólogos desempenham um papel fundamental no direcionamento do processo de prevenção, detecção, estimulação, diagnóstico/avaliação e intervenção precoce de alunos com barreiras à aprendizagem e à participação social.

Resumo A ideia do tema surgiu da fala racional da aluna,primeira autora sobre homeopatia e o questionamento sobre ciência e pseudociência. No processo de construção da química como ciência a alquimia deixou contribuições importantes como técnicas de laboratório e a figura de Paracelsus que organizou as primeiras comunidades científicas. A ciência é uma construção humana e essa construção se deu por um processo influenciado por diferentes fatores.O conhecimento científico é resultado de processos que seguem formalidades e surge do rigor do que é chamado método científico. A metodologia de trabalho foi a aplicação de um questionário do tipo formulário eletrônico que teve o cuidado de ser direcionado a pessoas que tivessem ligação com a ciência em seu cotidiano profissional,para esta etapa específica foi feito um recorte nas respostas dos participantes e selecionados somentes docentes do IQ da UnB.Os resultados foram analisados utilizando um método quali-quantitativo. Quando o formulário foi interrrompido para respostas contava com 61 participações e deste total 16 docentes. Foi verificado que os participantes estão divididos na crença sobre a homeopatia e a ciência, contudo o interessante é que mesmo dois participantes que nao acreditam recorrem a homepatia para tratar sintomas que tratam também com medicamentos alopáticos. Em tempos pós pandemia é importante que se volte o olhar para a ciência e de crédito ao papel do cientista no enfretamento das questões. Contudo a homepatia não pode ser desconsiderada como uma prática de cuidado pois faz parte de um rol de linhas terapeuticas do SUS que tem um olhar para o indivíduo e sua integralidade e não desconsideram a alopatia.

Abstract The idea for the theme came from the student's rational speech, the first author on homeopathy and the questioning of science and pseudoscience. In the process of building chemistry as a science, alchemy left important contributions such as laboratory techniques and the figure of Paracelsus who organized the first scientific communities. Science is a human construction and this construction took place through a process influenced by different factors. Scientific knowledge is the result of processes that follow formalities and arises from the rigor of what is called the scientific method. The work methodology was the application of an electronic form-type questionnaire that was careful to be directed to people who had a connection with science in their professional routine. UnB IQ. The results were analyzed using a quali-quantitative method. When the form was interrupted for responses, there were 61 participants and of this total, 16 teachers. It was verified that the participants are divided in their beliefs about homeopathy and science, however, the interesting thing is that even two participants who do not believe resort to homeopathy to treat symptoms that they also treat with allopathic medicines. In post-pandemic times, it is important to look at science and credit the scientist's role in dealing with these issues. However, homeopathy cannot be disregarded as a care practice, as it is part of a list of therapeutic lines of the SUS that look at the individual and his integrality and do not disregard allopathy.

Abstract Introduction: The intervention of social work (SW) promotes the social well-being of the patient. At the Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga" (HGM), SW has implemented the Social Intervention Program in Transplants (PRIST) throughout pre-, during, and post-transplant stages in several dimensions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the PRIST by identifying the supports perceived by patients. Methods and materials: This was a descriptive and qualitative study using semi-structured interviews, following an interview guide for evaluation and a thematic analysis. Results: Thirteen patients participated in this study, with a mean age of 36 years, 6 (46.1%) women, a mean schooling of 13 years, 5 (38.4%) with a living donor transplant, and an average age of 4.9 years after the transplant. Six themes were identified: informational support, orientation, and institutional efforts, social evaluation and educational intervention, monitoring of the process, emotional support, and leadership-empathy of SW. Conclusions: PRIST is positively evaluated by patients, responding to their needs. The specialized preparation of SW and the person-family-centered care contribute to a better intervention. It is suggested to implement the PRIST in other hospital contexts.

BACKGROUND. Interventions administered to critically ill patients, including mechanical ventilation, sedation or other treatments may hinder communication between patients and nurses. These communication challenges may affect critical care nurses' ability to provide compassionate, person-centred care. OBJECTIVE. To identify nurses' experiences with patients who are communication-vulnerable in the intensive care unit and how they affect nurses' ability to offer compassionate care. METHOD. This qualitative explorative descriptive study involved nurses who worked in intensive care units from four private hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa. Focus groups were conducted with 30 critical care nurses in groups of two to six participants each. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes. RESULTS. Five main themes were identified based on nurses' reports of their experiences with critically ill patients who experience communication difficulties and their impact on rendering compassionate care. Themes were deductively identified based on the social purposes of communication categories. Participants indicated that communication-vulnerable patients influence their ability to provide compassionate care. Generally, the physical, emotional, social and communication difficulties of assisting communication-vulnerable patients caused nurses to feel frustrated and negative towards their work environment, which added to their work stress and sometimes resulted in compassion fatigue. CONCLUSION. The study shows that various factors could impact the nurses' ability to provide compassionate care and that they require support to provide person-centred care. These factors can include the physical environment, the patient's alertness and awareness and institutional barriers. To support nurses in providing compassionate care, communication partner training may be warranted.