ABSTRACT: This study adopted a more macroscopic perspective to focus on the issue of rural poverty in China. By selecting indicators reflecting various levels of poverty recurrence, considering risk factors across multiple dimensions, and employing advanced methods, we constructed a novel China Rural Poverty Recurrence Risk Index. We utilized a Markov switching model to delve into the mechanisms of poverty recurrence. Building upon this foundation, we developed an advanced poverty recurrence risk early warning system using a convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model. The system is optimized through mechanism-based predictions to better capture the dynamic changes in poverty recurrence. Empirical results demonstrated that the integrated dynamic monitoring and early warning system have significantly effective outcomes in addressing the recurrence of rural poverty. ABSTRACT dimensions methods Index foundation networklong network long shortterm short term CNNLSTM CNN LSTM (CNN-LSTM mechanismbased mechanism based

RESUMO: Este estudo adota uma perspectiva mais macroscópica para focar na questão da pobreza rural na China. Ao selecionar indicadores que refletem vários níveis de recorrência da pobreza, considerando factores de risco em múltiplas dimensões e empregando métodos avançados, construímos um novo indice de risco de recorrência da pobreza rural na China. Utilizamos um modelo de mudança de Markov para aprofundar os mecanismos de recorrência da pobreza. Com base nisso, desenvolvemos um sistema avançado de alerta precoce de risco de recorrência de pobreza usando um modelo de memória de longo e curto prazo de rede neural convolucional (CNN-LSTM). O sistema é optimizado através de previsões baseadas em mecanismos para melhor captar as mudanças dinâmicas na recorrência da pobreza. Os resultados empíricos demonstram que o sistema integrado de monitorização dinâmica e de alerta precoce tem resultados significativamente eficazes na abordagem da recorrência da pobreza rural. RESUMO China avançados nisso CNNLSTM. CNNLSTM CNN LSTM . (CNN-LSTM) (CNN-LSTM

Novel nanocomposites synthesized with pollen grain, as a precursor, were tested for CO2 adsorption performance. The pollen-derived carbons were obtained by direct calcination (PC), calcination followed by KOH-chemical activation (PCKOH), and MgO incorporation using high-energy ball-milling (PC-MgO and PCKOH-MgO). All the as-prepared materials were texturally, morphologically and structurally characterized by N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); CO2 adsorption/desorption was measured by thermogravimetry. The four materials were able to adsorb CO2 at 30 ºC and 1 bar, but PCKOH-MgO, with the high surface area (12.4 m2 g-1), total pore volume of (0.13 cm3 g-1) and microporosity, was the best (2.06 mmol g-1 and percentage of adsorption (Qad) = 9.06%, at 1 bar). This result is due to the synergic effect of both synthesis methods. Neither temperature (from 30 to 100 ºC), nor pressure (from 1 to 15 bar), improved the adsorption process of PCKOH-MgO. CO2 desorption times at 300 ºC were 47 min for PCKOH-MgO and 30 min for the other adsorbents, showing the possibility of cycling. Based on the obtained results, the PCKOH-MgO activated carbon nanocomposite stands as a promising adsorbent to be potentially used for industrial CO2 capture applications and to contribute to long-term solutions to avoid dangerous climate-change and reduce CO2 emissions. grain precursor CO performance pollenderived derived PC, PC , (PC) KOHchemical KOH chemical PCKOH, PCKOH (PCKOH) highenergy energy ballmilling ball milling PCMgO PCKOHMgO. PCKOHMgO . PCKOH-MgO) asprepared prepared texturally N physisorption SEMEDS SEM EDS (SEM-EDS Xray X ray XRD (XRD) adsorptiondesorption thermogravimetry 3 bar PCKOHMgO, MgO, 12.4 124 12 4 (12. m g1, g1 g 0.13 013 0 13 (0.1 cm microporosity 2.06 206 2 06 (2.0 g- Qad (Qad 906 9 9.06% bar. bar) methods from 10 ºC, ºC) MgO. adsorbents cycling results longterm long term climatechange climate change emissions (PC (PCKOH (XRD 12. (12 0.1 01 (0. 2.0 20 (2. 90 9.06 (1 0. (0 2. (2 9.0 ( 9.

The antifouling booster biocides are frequently studied for toxic effects on the aquatic ecosystems. The present investigation proposes passive silicone rubber samplers as a collection method for biocides, once these methods can concentrate substances in aqueous matrices at very low levels. Through the passive sampler-water partition coefficient (Ksw) and the analyte chemical nature, we can optimize their extraction from the membrane to apply in the sample medium. We used the co-solvent method to determine the Ksw of three third-generation antifouling biocides, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, and dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT), with log Ksw = 2.24, 4.01, and 2.38, respectively. Improving extraction also led to a recovery range higher than 70%, determinations were carried out by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector. Biocides concentration in seawater samples from Itaqui port (São Marcos Bay, northern Brazil) ranged from 0.058 to 0.72 µg L-1 for chlorothalonil, 0.001 to 0.008 µg L-1 for dichlofluanid, and 0.018 to 0.64 µg L-1 for DCOIT. ecosystems levels samplerwater sampler water (Ksw nature medium cosolvent co solvent thirdgeneration third generation chlorothalonil dichlofluanid DCOIT, DCOIT , (DCOIT) 224 2 24 2.24 401 4 01 4.01 238 38 2.38 respectively 70 70% detector São Bay Brazil 0058 0 058 0.05 072 72 0.7 L1 L 1 L- 0001 001 0.00 0008 008 0018 018 0.01 064 64 0.6 (DCOIT 22 2.2 40 4.0 23 3 2.3 7 005 05 0.0 07 0. 000 00 06 6 2. 4.

Abstract Introduction: The use of arthropods in ecological studies in the tropical dry forest (TDF) of Colombia focused mainly on spiders, butterflies, ants, and dung beetles; therefore, it is necessary to understand the seasonal dynamics of the other groups such as Geadephaga in this ecosystem. Objective: To evaluate the spatio-temporal variations and the effect of environmental conditions on the diversity of the Geadephaga communities in two TDF fragments in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: This study was conducted during four sampling events between February and June 2018, each lasting four days, and four nights. Four sampling stations were selected in each locality (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM and Reserva La Flecha = RLF), separated 350 m one from another, with square plots of 50 × 50 m. A light trap was installed in the center of each square, while pitfall traps were installed in the four vertices, and manual capture, beating sheets and leaf litter sieve were carried out. Results: A total of 348 Carabidae and 114 of Cicindelidae were captured. In both fragments, the richness and abundance presented the lowest values in dry season, while the highest values were observed during the rainy season. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) was the most abundant species in RCM during rainy season. Conclusions: The richness variation and abundance of Geadephaga corresponds to a seasonal pattern at both locations. A high dissimilarity between the communities of Geadephaga from the two fragments was found, despite having similar environmental conditions.

Resumen Introducción: El uso de artrópodos en estudios ecológicos en el bosque seco tropical (Bs-T) de Colombia se centra mayormente en arañas, mariposas, hormigas y escarabajos coprófagos; por lo tanto, es necesario comprender como es la dinámica estacional de otros grupos como Geadephaga en este ecosistema. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación espacio-temporal y el efecto de las condiciones ambientales sobre la diversidad de las comunidades de Geadephaga en dos fragmentos de Bs-T en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo en cuatro eventos de muestreo entre febrero y junio de 2018; cada uno con una duración de cuatro días y cuatro noches. En cada localidad (Reserva Campesina La Montaña = RCM y Reserva La Flecha = RLF), se marcaron cuatro estaciones distanciadas 350 m, con parcelas de 50×50 m. En el centro de cada parcela se instaló una trampa de luz, mientras que en los cuatro vértices se instalaron trampas de caída, y se realizó captura manual, cernido de hojarasca y perturbación de follaje. Resultados: Se capturó un total de 348 ejemplares de Carabidae y 114 de Cicindelidae. La riqueza y la abundancia presentaron los valores más bajos durante el período seco, mientras que los mayores valores se observaron durante el período de lluvias, en ambos fragmentos. Tetracha affinis (Dejean, 1825) fue la especie más abundante en la RCM durante el período lluvioso. Conclusiones: La variación de la riqueza y abundancia de Geadephaga responde a un patrón estacional en ambos fragmentos. Se encontró una amplia disimilitud entre las comunidades de Geadephaga de ambos fragmentos, pese a tener condiciones ambientales parecidas.

Abstract Introduction: The pelagic sea snake Hydrophis platurus has the broadest distributional range of all the snakes and is the only sea snake of tropical waters off the west coast of the Americas. Within the variation in the color pattern of this species, completely yellow specimens were considered very rare or occasional. However, a yellow pattern dominates a population established in the interior of the Golfo Dulce in the Southern Pacific of Costa Rica. Objective: We studied the abundance, activity patterns, morphometry, and feeding behavior of the yellow H. platurus within the Golfo Dulce. Methods: Between February 2009 and July 2018, we conducted surveys for sea snakes from a boat within the perimeter of the Golfo Dulce. Results: Adults from the gulf population are smaller than the bicolor oceanic population, with females having larger bodies. Sea snakes within the gulf float and move with surface currents without being linked to drift lines and debris. These snakes are mainly found in clean, calm waters with little turbulence. They feed on a wide diversity of small fish, which they capture using passive stalking predatory behaviors floating on the surface. Prey are quickly captured and swallowed alive. This species has an almost total absence of predation, a pattern that extends to this yellow population. Conclusions: The characteristics of the gulf and the direction and strength of the surface currents at its entrance might restrict the transit of this yellow population to the outside and the entry of the bicolored snakes of the oceanic population. We do not consider making taxonomic changes in this Golfo Dulce population prudent. This yellow population is relatively common within the basin. However, the high tourist traffic and other activities are risk factors for its conservation. Protection policies must be created to preserve and protect this small population of yellow sea snakes unique within this species’ distribution range.

Resumen Introducción: La serpiente marina pelágica Hydrophis platurus tiene el rango de distribución más amplio de todas las serpientes y es la única serpiente marina de aguas tropicales del oeste de América. Dentro de la variación en el patrón de color de esta especie, los ejemplares completamente amarillos se consideraban muy raros u ocasionales. Sin embargo, los patrones amarillos dominan una población establecida en el interior del Golfo Dulce en el Pacífico sur de Costa Rica. Objetivo: Monitoreamos y estudiamos la abundancia, patrones de actividad, morfometría y comportamiento alimentario del H. platurus amarillo dentro del Golfo Dulce. Métodos: Entre febrero 2009 y julio 2018, realizamos búsquedas mensuales de serpientes marinas desde una embarcación dentro del perímetro del Golfo Dulce. Resultados: Los adultos de la población de golfo son más pequeños que la población oceánica bicolor, con las hembras de cuerpos más grandes. Las serpientes del Golfo Dulce flotan y se mueven con las corrientes superficiales sin asociarse con líneas de deriva y escombros. Las serpientes se encuentran principalmente en aguas limpias y tranquilas con poca turbulencia. La dieta se compone de una amplia diversidad de peces pequeños, que capturan con un comportamiento depredador de acecho pasivo, flotando en la superficie. La presa es rápidamente capturada y tragada viva. Esta especie tiene una ausencia casi total de depredación, patrón que se extiende a esta población amarilla. Conclusiones: Las características del golfo y la dirección y fuerza de las corrientes superficiales en su entrada podrían restringir el tránsito de esta población amarilla hacia el exterior y el ingreso de las serpientes bicolores de la población oceánica. No consideramos prudente realizar cambios taxonómicos en esta población. La población amarilla es relativamente abundante dentro de la cuenca. Sin embargo, el alto tráfico turístico y otras actividades son factores de riesgo para su conservación. Políticas de protección deben crearse para preservar y proteger esta pequeña población de serpientes marinas amarillas, única dentro del rango de distribución de esta especie.

Abstract Introduction: The mangrove is one of the most important ecosystems on the planet, due to the ecological role it plays on coastlines, it provides development, protection, and feeding areas for various species. Objective: To determine the diversity and annual fluctuation of the cerambycid community, as well as the vertical distribution of species richness associated with the edge and interior of a mangrove in Tabasco, Mexico. Methods: The sampling was carried out from August 2016 to July 2017. The capture of insects was performed with interception traps baited with ethanol 70 % at 1.5, 6, and 12 m height, on the edge and interior of the mangrove. Results: A total of 382 specimens were collected, belonging to three subfamilies, 25 genera, and 36 species; Laminae was the subfamily most diverse with 24 species, followed by Cerambycinae with 11 species. At the edge of the mangrove 31 species were captured, and 21 in the interior. The 1D index determined that the edge was 2.51 more diverse than the interior, with a similarity of 61 %, sharing 16 species. The fluctuation of the communities on the edge and interior presented remarkable differences during the sampling year. On the edge, the greatest species richness was recorded at 6 m height and in the interior at 1.5 m and 6 m. Conclusions: Studies related to the vertical distribution of this group of insects, together with the increase in collection time and using complementary techniques, could give better results to inventory a larger number of species in the ecosystems.

Resumen Introducción: El manglar es uno de los ecosistemas más importantes del planeta, debido al papel ecológico que desempeña en las costas, ya que es el hábitat, o bien el área de refugio y alimentación para diversas especies. Objetivo: Determinar la diversidad y fluctuación anual de la comunidad de cerambícidos, así como la distribución vertical de la riqueza de especies asociadas al borde e interior de un manglar en Tabasco, México. Métodos: El muestreo se realizó de agosto 2016 a julio 2017. La captura de insectos se realizó con trampas de intercepción cebadas con alcohol etílico al 70 % a 1.5, 6 y 12 m de altura, en el borde e interior del manglar. Resultados: Se recolectaron un total de 382 especímenes de tres subfamilias, pertenecientes a 36 especies de 25 géneros; Laminae fue la subfamilia más diversa con 24 especies, seguida de Cerambycinae con 11. En el borde del manglar se capturaron 31 especies y en el interior 21. El índice 1D, determinó que el borde fue 2.51 más diverso que el interior, con una similitud del 61 %, al compartir 16 especies. La fluctuación de las comunidades en el borde e interior presentó notables diferencias durante el año de muestreo. En el borde, la mayor riqueza de especie se registró a los 6 m de altura y en el interior a 1.5 m y 6 m. Conclusión: Los estudios relacionados con la distribución vertical de este grupo de insectos, aunado al incremento del tiempo de recolecta y utilizando técnicas complementarias, podrían dar mejores resultados para inventariar el mayor número de especies en los ecosistemas.

Abstract Introduction: The West Indian fruit fly, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), is one of the most economically important pests of mangoes in Mexico and the Neotropics. Objective: To analyze adult population patterns of A. obliqua and their relation to local and landscape factors. Methods: We selected 11 “Manila” mango orchards along the middle part of La Antigua River, which were characterized to determine their biophysical structure and landscape configuration considering their distance to six different land uses/land covers. Anastrepha obliqua population was estimated by collecting adult flies in colorless polyethylene plastic bottle traps baited with a protein for three weeks in June 2022. Results: A total of 1 869 adults of A. obliqua were trapped, of which 75 % were females and 25 % were males. Abundance varied from 68 to 490 adult flies per orchard, while capture frequency from 0.36 to 1.8 flies/trap/day. Abundance increased in highly shaded orchards, and capture frequency decreased in orchards with highly soil compaction. Abundance and the frequency of capture increased in orchards near isolated trees of Spondias spp. and decreased in orchards near sugarcane plantations. Shade management in mango orchards may be used as an effective strategy to promote biotic interactions to naturally regulate A. obliqua populations, meanwhile, soil compaction represents a limiting ecological condition, which might severely impact fruit fly larvae survival. Conclusions: Adult population of A. obliqua depends on several local and landscape factors because they indicate resource availability and ecological conditions. These findings could be considered for control strategies in the integrated management of this pest to promote protection and improve the fruit quality of mango crop.

Resumen Introducción: La mosca de las indias occidentales, Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), es una de las plagas más importantes económicamente en el cultivo de mango de México y el neotrópico. Objetivo: Analizamos los patrones de la población adulta de A. obliqua y su relación con factores locales y del paisaje. Métodos: Un total de 11 huertos de mango “Manila” fueron caracterizados en estructura biofísica y configuración del paisaje. Los adultos de A. obliqua fueron capturados con trampas (botellas de polietileno cebadas con una proteína) durante tres semanas en junio de 2022. Resultados: Se capturaron 1 869 adultos de A. obliqua, de los cuales 75 % fueron hembras y 25 % machos. La abundancia varió de 68 a 490 moscas adultas por huerto, mientras que la frecuencia de captura de 0.36 a 1.8 moscas/trampa/día. La abundancia incrementó en huertos altamente sombreados y decreció en huertos con suelos compactos. La abundancia y frecuencia incrementaron en huertos cercanos a árboles de Spondias spp. y decreció en huertos cercanos a plantaciones de caña de azúcar. El manejo de la sombra puede ser utilizado como una estrategia efectiva para promover las interacciones que regulan naturalmente la población de A. obliqua, mientras que la compactación del suelo representa una condición ecológica limitante que podría impactar severamente en la supervivencia de larvas de moscas de la fruta. Conclusión: La población adulta de A. obliqua depende de varios factores locales y del paisaje que indican disponibilidad de recursos y condiciones ecológicas. Estos hallazgos podrían considerarse en las estrategias del manejo integrado de esta plaga para promover la protección y el mejoramiento de la calidad de frutos en el cultivo de mango.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic alterations of tumors within the scope of the homologous recombination deficiency gene panel in patients diagnosed with synchronous endometrial ovarian cancer who have been followed for over 5 years using next-generation sequencing. METHODS: DNA was isolated from the patient’s formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. Next-generation sequencing was performed using the Illumina capture-based sequencing method. Samples were sequenced using the Sophia HR Solution DNA Kit. RESULTS: Seven patients were included in this study. The ratios of likely pathogenic (LP)/pathogenic (P) somatic mutations in ATM (serine/threonine kinase or Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene), BRCA2 (breast cancer type 2 susceptibility gene), BARD1 (BRCA1 associated RING domain 1), TP53 (tumor protein p53), BIRP1 (BRCA1-interacting helicase 1 gene), PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2), and CHECK2 were 21 (48.8%), 8 (18.6%), 5 (11.6%), 3 (6.9%), 2 (4.6%), 2 (4.6%), and 2 (4.6%), respectively, in endometrium, and the ratios of somatic mutations in ATM, BRCA2, TP53, BARD1, RAD54L (DNA repair/recombination protein like), BIRP1, and RAD51D (RAD51 recombinase paralog D) were 24 (60%), 6 (15%), 5 (12.5%), 2 (5%), 2 (5%), 1 (2.5%), and 1 (2.5%), respectively, in ovary. In endometrioid-synchronous endometrial ovarian cancer cases, P/LP mutations were observed in ATM and CHECK2 genes in endometrium and ATM, BRCA2, and TP53 genes in ovary. In two non-endometrioid-synchronous endometrial ovarian cancer cases, CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2) mutations were observed in endometrium and ATM and TP53 mutations in ovary, whereas in one case, P/LP mutations in ATM and TP53 genes were common in both tissues. CONCLUSION: Pathogenic variations confirming the diagnosis of synchronous endometrial ovarian cancer with genetic alterations were identified in all but one case. ATM gene mutation emerged as the most common alteration and has a potential association with a favorable prognosis. OBJECTIVE nextgeneration next generation METHODS patient s formalinfixed, formalinfixed formalin fixed, fixed formalin-fixed paraffinembedded paraffin embedded blocks Nextgeneration Next capturebased capture based method Kit RESULTS LP/pathogenic LPpathogenic LP /pathogenic P (P serine/threonine serinethreonine serine threonine Ataxiatelangiectasia Ataxia telangiectasia gene, , gene) BRCA breast BARD BRCA1 (BRCA 1, 1) TP TP5 tumor p53, p53 p p53) BIRP BRCA1interacting BRCAinteracting interacting PALB partner BRCA2) CHECK 48.8%, 488 48.8% 48 (48.8%) 18.6%, 186 18.6% 18 (18.6%) 11.6%, 116 11.6% 11 (11.6%) 6.9%, 69 6.9% 9 (6.9%) 4.6%, 46 4.6% 4 (4.6%) respectively RADL RAD L repairrecombination repair like, like like) RADD D RAD51 (RAD5 60%, 60 60% (60%) 15%, 15 15% (15%) 12.5%, 125 12.5% 12 (12.5%) 5%, 5% (5%) 2.5%, 25 2.5% (2.5%) ovary endometrioidsynchronous endometrioid cases PLP nonendometrioidsynchronous non CHEK checkpoint case tissues CONCLUSION prognosis p5 48.8 (48.8% 18.6 (18.6% 11.6 (11.6% 6.9 (6.9% 4.6 (4.6% RAD5 (RAD (60% (15% 12.5 (12.5% (5% 2.5 (2.5% 48. (48.8 18. (18.6 11. (11.6 6. (6.9 4. (4.6 (60 (15 12. (12.5 (5 2. (2.5 (48. (18. (11. (6. (4. (6 (1 (12. ( (2. (48 (18 (11 (4 (12 (2

Abstract: This article demonstrates that the social categories of indigenous and white-mestizo are essentialist, reductionist, and therefore insufficient to encompass the diverse expressions of identity that exist. Understood through fluid and interchangeable lines, a new category is proposed: the border identity. Exemplified through the ethnic communes of the parish of Manglaralto, in the province of Santa Elena, Ecuador, this new category is intended to reconcile opposites and dismantle existing binaries to better capture the multifaceted social diversity of different sociocultural expressions. Previously agricultural, these communes have been transformed into internationally known tourist destinations, while being denied recognition of their ethnic identity due to the acculturations they have been subject to through various historical periods. Their members are labeled as acculturated indigenous or cholos, too mestizo to be considered indigenous and too indigenous to be considered mestizo. Qualitative methods such as participant observations, informal conversations, and semi-structured interviews were used for the ethnographic work spanning more than four years. The data collected and analyzed data showed how these communities, through constant negotiation with the white-mestizo world, achieve autonomy even within deeply dependent relationships. The study illustrates how they operate from an interstice, an intermediate space, which complicates their placement within existing social categories, underscoring the need to conceptualize new social categories beyond traditional binaries.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar que as categorias sociais do indígena e do branco-mestiço são essencialistas, reducionistas e, portanto, insuficientes para agrupar as diversas expressões identitárias existentes. Como consequência, propõe-se uma nova categoria: o fronteiriço, que é entendido a partir de linhas fluidas e intercambiáveis, como tentativa de conjugar opostos e desfazer os binarismos existentes a fim de capturar a diversidade social multifacetada de diferentes expressões socioculturais. Isso é exemplificado por um caso concreto: as comunidades étnicas da paróquia de Manglaralto, localizadas na província de Santa Elena, Equador. Antes agrícolas, hoje elas foram convertidas em locais turísticos conhecidos internacionalmente. A essas comunidades é negado o reconhecimento de sua identidade étnica, resultado da aculturação que sofreram ao longo de vários períodos históricos. Seus membros são declarados indígenas aculturados ou cholos, porque são mestiços demais para serem indígenas e indígenas demais para serem mestiços. Para o trabalho etnográfico, em um período de mais de quatro anos, foram usados métodos qualitativos, como observações participantes, conversas informais e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados coletados e analisados a seguir mostram como essas comunidades, por meio da negociação constante com o mundo dos brancos e mestiços, adquirem autonomia mesmo em relacionamentos profundamente dependentes. Evidencia-se como elas agem a partir de um interstício, um espaço intermediário, que torna difícil a atribuição de um lugar dentro das categorias sociais existentes. Com isso, fica evidente a necessidade de se pensar em novas categorias sociais fora dos binarismos.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que las categorías sociales de lo indígena y de lo blanco-mestizo son esencialistas, reduccionistas y, por lo tanto, insuficientes para agrupar en ellas las diversas expresiones identitarias que existen. Como consecuencia de esto, se propone una nueva categoría: lo fronterizo, que se comprende a partir de líneas fluidas e intercambiables, como un intento de conjugar los opuestos y desmantelar los binarismos existentes para, de esta manera, poder captar la diversidad social multifacética de diferentes expresiones socioculturales. Aquello se ejemplifica mediante un caso concreto: las comunas étnicas de la parroquia de Manglaralto, situadas en la provincia de Santa Elena, Ecuador. Agrícolas antes, hoy han sido convertidas en lugares turísticos, conocidos a nivel internacional. A estas comunas se les niega el reconocimiento de su identidad étnica, resultado de las aculturaciones que han vivido a lo largo de varios períodos históricos. Sus miembros son declarados indígenas aculturados o cholos, porque son demasiado mestizos para ser indígenas y demasiado indígenas para ser mestizos. Para el trabajo etnográfico, durante un lapso de más de cuatro años, se utilizaron métodos cualitativos, como las observaciones participantes, las conversaciones informales y las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos levantados y analizados más adelante mostraron cómo estas comunidades, por medio de una negociación constante con el mundo de los blanco-mestizos, adquieren autonomía aun en relaciones de profundas dependencias. Se muestra cómo actúan desde un intersticio, un espacio intermedio, que dificulta otorgarles un lugar dentro de las categorías sociales existentes. Con ello, se hace evidente la necesidad de pensar en nuevas categorías sociales fuera de los binarismos.

Abstract Introduction The Dark Winged Fungus Gnat, Bradysia impatiens Johannsen, is a significant pest in modern forest nurseries in Mexico, as it causes plant mortality. However, studies on adult monitoring are scarce. Objectives Determine the most suitable trap for monitoring B. impatiens, characterize its population levels and identify associated organisms, including its natural enemies. Materials and methods The attraction effect of B. impatiens to two types of yellow sticky traps (circular and flag paper trap) and a colorless trap was evaluated. After selecting the best trap, the capture of B. impatiens and associated organisms was compared across four forest nurseries to determine the species' population levels. Capture data were analyzed using generalized linear models with negative binomial regression. Results and discussion Flag paper trap was the most efficient for capturing adults. Based on weekly captures, three population levels were subjectively rated: low (<30 adults), medium (30-60 adults), and high (>60 adults). Coenosia attenuata Stein was found as a natural enemy of the pest; however, the capture percentage was low (1.78 %), so the traps do not pose a threat to their populations. Kleidotoma sp., a possible parasitoid of the pest and C. attenuata, was also found. Conclusions An integrated pest management plan for B. impatiens is necessary, including flag paper trap and the predator C. attenuata as biological control in nurseries. C. attenuata, a predator of B. impatiens, is recorded for the first time in Tlaxcala.

Resumen Introducción El mosco fungoso negro Bradysia impatiens Johannsen es una plaga de importancia en los viveros forestales tecnificados de México, debido a que ocasiona mortalidad de la planta; sin embargo, los estudios sobre monitoreo de adultos son escasos. Objetivos Determinar la trampa más adecuada para el monitoreo de B. impatiens, caracterizar sus niveles poblacionales e identificar organismos asociados, entre ellos sus enemigos naturales. Materiales y métodos Se evaluó el efecto de atracción de B. impatiens a dos tipos de trampas pegajosas amarillas (circulares y bandera) y una incolora. Después de la selección de la mejor trampa, se comparó la captura de B. impatiens y organismos asociados en cuatro viveros forestales para determinar niveles poblacionales de la especie. Los datos de captura se analizaron con modelos lineales generalizados mediante regresión binomial negativa. Resultados y discusión La trampa bandera fue la más eficiente para la captura de adultos. Con base en la captura semanal, se calificaron subjetivamente tres niveles poblacionales: baja (<30 adultos), media (30-60 adultos) y alta (>60 adultos). Se encontró a Coenosia attenuata Stein como enemigo natural de la plaga; sin embargo, el porcentaje de captura fue bajo (1.78 %), por lo que las trampas no representan amenaza para sus poblaciones. También se encontró a Kleidotoma sp., posible parasitoide de la plaga y de C. attenuata. Conclusiones Es necesario un plan de manejo integrado de plagas para B. impatiens, que incluya la trampa bandera y el depredador C. attenuata como control biológico en viveros. La mosca C. attenuata, depredadora de B. impatiens, se registra por primera vez en Tlaxcala.

Abstract The key benefits of qualitative research are rich insights and thick data. However, this may come at the cost of small sample sizes and low generalisability of findings. With traditional focus group sessions (FGDs), this could be addressed by conducting multiple groups. However, this requires significant investment of time and manpower. It was prudent to explore methods to gather thick data quickly, to effectively replace FGDs. This would increase the number of respondents in a single session, without increasing manpower or lengthening fieldwork, and maintaining data quality. This paper details the experience of running a pilot study of a 1.5-hour online discussion with N=103 respondents, to capture in-depth responses at scale. Using pre-programmed questions and artificial intelligence (AI) to provide instant visual analyses of responses and additional probes to respondents live, a full qualitative study was run, with a larger sample and in the same duration required for a typical FGD. The discussion was text-based - respondents could view and give their agreement or disagreement to what others may have said without directly interacting. The data was compared to data collected from a previous study where a total of 35 respondents across 5 FGDs discussed a similar topic, and analysed from an operational aspect of conducting research and gathering insights from both methodologies. While this methodology does not replace traditional FGD, it has proven effective in scaling up qualitative research by gathering large amounts of qualitative data within a short duration, in real-time. It has its limitations, primarily the inability to further nuance responses. Despite this, the pilot appears to be a successful attempt conceptually, as the AI generated valuable instant insights while the study was ongoing, particularly from open-ended (OE) responses. It may add value to specific use cases such as large-scale engagement studies which require both breadth and scalability.

INTRODUCTION: Lecturers and students at tertiary institutions have different teaching strategies and learning styles (TS) and it is essential to align these strategies and styles to ensure that students understand the concepts they are taught. This study was conducted to assess and compare the TS preferences among lecturers and undergraduate oral hygiene students at a university in South Africa. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, inviting all full-time lecturers (35) and undergraduate dental hygiene students (40) registered for the 2021 academic year to participate. The visual, auditory, reading and kinesthetic (VARK) teaching and learning questionnaires (version 7.8) for lecturers and students respectively was utilised to capture the necessary information. This is a validated questionnaire and consists of a variety of questions which students complete using a multiple-choice approach. SPSS statistical package, version 27 was used for statistical analysis with a significance of p< 0.05. RESULTS: Twenty-seven (27) lecturers (77%) and 40 students (100%) completed the questionnaire. The highest mean teaching scores were in visual (6.44) and auditory (6.22) teaching styles. The highest mean learning scores was auditory (6.43) and visual (5.98). The kinesthetic sensory modality constituted the lowest mean score in both lecturers and students. The majority of lecturers (63%) preferred using a single mode of teaching while 77% of students preferred learning using a multimode approach. CONCLUSIONS: The most common teaching and learning scores corresponded with each other. The preferred teaching strategy of lecturers was unimodal while the majority of students preferred a multimodal means of teaching. As a result, to improve student understanding and learning lecturers should use multimodal means of teaching.

Resumen: Las enfermedades mentales constituyen una de las principales causas de angustia en la vida de las personas a nivel individual, y repercuten en la salud y el bienestar de la sociedad. Para captar estas complejas asociaciones, las ciencias computacionales y la comunicación, a través del uso de métodos de procesamiento del lenguaje natural (NLP) en datos recolectados en redes sociales, han aportado prometedores avances para potenciar la atención sanitaria mental proactiva y ayudar al diagnóstico precoz. Por ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura acerca de la detección de alteraciones mentales a través de redes sociales, mediante el uso de NLP en los últimos 5 años, que permitió identificar métodos, tendencias y orientaciones futuras, a través del análisis de 73 estudios, de 509 que arrojó la revisión de documentos extraídos de bases de datos científicas. El estudio reveló que, los fenómenos más comúnmente estudiados, correspondieron a Depresión e Ideación suicida, identificados a través del uso de algoritmos como el LIWC, CNN, LSTM, RF y SVM, en datos extraídos principalmente de Reddit y Twitter. Este estudio, finalmente proporciona algunas recomendaciones sobre las metodologías de NLP para la detección de enfermedades mentales, que pueden ser adoptadas en el ejercicio de profesionales interesados en la salud mental, y algunas reflexiones sobre el uso de estas tecnologías.

Abstract: Mental illness is a major cause of distress in people's lives at the individual level and impacts the health and well-being of society. To capture these complex associations, computational science and communication, through the use of natural language processing (NLP) methods on data collected in social networks, have provided promising advances to enhance proactive mental health care and aid in early diagnosis. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature on the detection of mental disorders through social networks, using NLP in the last 5 years, was carried out, which allowed identifying methods, trends and future directions, through the analysis of 73 studies, out of 509 that resulted from the review of documents extracted from scientific databases. The study revealed that the most commonly studied phenomena corresponded to Depression and Suicidal Ideation, identified through the use of algorithms such as LIWC, CNN, LSTM, RF and SVM on data extracted mainly from Reddit and Twitter. This study finally provides some recommendations on NLP methodologies for mental illness detection that can be adopted in the practice of professionals interested in mental health and some reflections on the use of these technologies.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a family intervention in grief complicated by a couple breakup. Materials and method: Research with a mixed intervention approach in three stages (diagnosis-implementation-evaluation). In the first, an observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out, with a simple random sample with replacement n=99. Field's "Romantic Breakup Distress Scale" and Smilkstein's family APGAR were applied, with prior informed consent. Five families with complicated grief and family dysfunction were included. Methods and techniques of working with family were used. In the third stage, a quasi-experimental design was used with pretest and posttest of complicated grief and family APGAR. SPSS V25 was used to capture and analyze data, with descriptive and analytical statistics with Student's t test. Results: They were women 81.8%, with age Ⱦ=34.19-29 37.4%, high school 37.4%, separated 59.6%, divorced 49.4%. With complicated grief 14%, family dysfunction 13%. Families with complicated grief were dysfunctional 53.8%. Risk factors: conflict in paternalfilial subsystem, addictions, economy. Protective factors: religious, artistic, educational and medical groups. The actions focused on cognitive-behavioral-emotional intervention. In pretest/posttest evaluation, complicated grief presented a mean difference of Ⱦ=8.500, ŝ± 8.925, and 95% CI: Li: 3.347 Ls:13.653, with student's t=3.564 and df=13 and p value=0.003, statistically significant, mean difference for family Apgar of Ⱦ= 3.357 with ŝ±1.946, 95% CI: Li:2.234, Ls:4.481 with student's t=6.456 and df=13, p value=0.001, statistically significant. Conclusions: The effect of the family intervention modified complicated grief and improved family dynamics and functionality. Conclusions: The effect of the family intervention modified complicated grief and improved family dynamics and functionality.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de una intervención familiar en duelo complicado por ruptura de pareja. Materiales y método: Investigación con enfoque mixto de intervención en tres etapas (diagnóstica-implementación-evaluación). En la primera se realizó estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo, con muestra aleatoria simple con remplazo n=99. Se aplicó “Escala de Distrés por Ruptura Amorosa” de Field y APGAR familiar de Smilkstein, previo consentimiento informado. Se incluyeron cinco familias con duelo complicado y disfunción familiar. Se emplearon métodos y técnicas de trabajo con familia. En la tercera etapa se utilizó diseño cuasi experimental con pretest y postest de duelo complicado y APGAR familiar. Para la captura y análisis de datos se empleó el SPSS V25, con estadística descriptiva y analítica con prueba t de student. Resultados. Fueron mujeres 81.8%, con edad Ⱦ=34,19-29 37.4%, bachillerato 37.4%, separados 59.6%, divorciados 49.4%. Con duelo complicado 14%, disfunción familiar 13%. Las familias con duelo complicado fueron disfuncionales 53.8%. Los factores de riesgo: conflicto en subsistema paterno filial, adicciones, economía. Factores protectores: grupos religiosos, artísticos, educativos y médicos. Las acciones se centraron en intervención cognitivo-conductual-emocional. En evaluación pretest/postest, el duelo complicado presentó diferencia de medias de Ⱦ=8.500, ŝ± 8.925, e IC95%: Li: 3.347 Ls:13.653, con t de student=3.564 y gl=13 y valor de p=0.003, estadísticamente significativo, diferencia de medias para Apgar familiar de Ⱦ= 3.357 con ŝ±1.946, IC95%: Li:2.234, Ls:4.481 con t de student=6.456 y gl=13, valor de p=0.001, estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: El efecto de la intervención familiar modificó el duelo complicado y mejoró la dinámica y funcionalidad familiar.

Resumen El objetivo de este texto es mostrar algunos de los métodos utilizados para estudiar las revistas culturales y literarias colombianas de finales del siglo XIX y de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Para ello, se hace una breve descripción de un modelo de captura y análisis de datos, partiendo de los archivos hemerográficos digitalizados y en proceso de digitalización en el marco del proyecto Digitization and Analysis of Cultural Transfers in Colombian Literary Magazines (1892-1950). Con la información recolectada en este modelo, se presenta un método inicial para abstraer la red de revistas del corpus, a partir de los colaboradores publicados y su visualización como una ventana de observación a las dinámicas y a los procesos de transferencia cultural propiciados por estos impresos periódicos. Este método es una forma alternativa de entender dichos objetos de estudio, aunque presenta ciertos desafíos metodológicos como la recolección y la limpieza de datos, o la dispersión del archivo hemerográfico.

Abstract This text aims to present some of the methods used to study Colombian cultural and literary magazines from the late 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. To do this, a brief description of a data capture and analysis model is provided, starting from the digitized and digitization-in-progress periodical archives within the framework of the project "Digitization and Analysis of Cultural Transfers in Colombian Literary Magazines (1892-1950)". Using the information collected in this model, an initial method is presented for abstracting the network of magazines in the corpus based on the published contributors and visualizing it as a way to observe the dynamics and cultural transfer processes facilitated by these periodicals. This method provides an alternative way to understand these objects of study, though it poses certain methodological challenges, such as data collection and cleaning, or the dispersion of the periodical archives.